Patent Application
20140078589
The present invention relates to an anti-reflection coating having low reflectance in a wide wavelength range, an optical member such as a lens, a prism, a filter, etc. having such anti-reflection coating, and an optical equipment such as a TV camera, a video camera, a digital camera, an in-vehicle camera, a microscope, a telescope, etc., comprising such optical member.
A single-focus lens and a zoom lens widely used for photographing and broadcasting are generally constituted by a large number of lenses, for example, about 10 to 40 lenses.
Increase in the number of lens leads to increase in the total amount of light reflected by lens surfaces, and entering of repeatedly reflected light into a photosensitive surface, causing problems such as flare and ghost, which extremely deteriorate the optical characteristics. Accordingly, these lenses have multi-layer anti-reflection coatings comprising dielectric layers having different refractive indices, each dielectric layers having optical thickness of ½λ or ¼λ to a center wavelength λ for utilizing interference effects.
For example, JP 2007-213021 A discloses an anti-reflection coating comprising first to eighth layers laminated in this order on a substrate, the first and fourth layers being made of a low-refractive-index material having a refractive index of 1.35-1.50 to a d-line having a wavelength of 587.56 nm, the third and fifth layers being made of an intermediate-refractive-index material having a refractive index of 1.55-1.85 to the d-line, and the second and sixth layers being made of a high-refractive-index material having a refractive index of 1.70-2.50, which is higher than that of the intermediate-refractive-index material, to the d-line. This anti-reflection coating has reflectance of about 0.15% or less in a wavelength range of about 400-700 nm.
JP 2002-267801 A discloses an anti-reflection coating comprising first to ninth thin, dielectric layers laminated in this order on a substrate, the second, fourth, sixth and eighth layers having a refractive index of Nh at a wavelength of 550 nm, the first, third, fifth and seventh layers having a refractive index of Nm at a wavelength of 550 nm, and the ninth layer having a refractive index of Nl at a wavelength 550 nm, meeting 2.00≦Nh≦2.20, 1.50≦Nm≦1.80, and Nl≦1.46. This anti-reflection coating has reflectance of about 0.2% or less in a wavelength range of about 400-680 nm.
JP 2002-107506 A discloses an anti-reflection coating having a design wavelength λ0 of 550 nm and comprising 10 layers laminated on a substrate, the second, fourth, sixth and ninth layers having a refractive index of 2.00 or more at the design wavelength λ0, the first and seventh layers having a refractive index of 1.50-1.80 at the design wavelength λ0, and the third, fifth, eighth and tenth layers having a refractive index of 1.46 or less at the design wavelength λ0. This anti-reflection coating has reflectance of about 0.2% or less in a wavelength range of about 400-710 nm.
JP 2001-100002 A discloses an anti-reflection coating comprising first to tenth thin, dielectric layers formed in this order on a substrate, the second, fourth, sixth and ninth layers having a refractive index of Nh at a wavelength of 550 nm, the first and eighth layers having a refractive index of Nm at a wavelength of 550 nm, the third, fifth, seventh and tenth layers having a refractive index of NL at a wavelength of 550 nm, meeting 2.0≦Nh, 1.5≦Nm≦1.8, and NL≦1.46. This anti-reflection coating has reflectance of about 0.2% or less in a wavelength range of about 410-690 nm.
However, these anti-reflection coatings have as narrow reflection-preventing ranges as about 300 nm in a wavelength range of 380-780 nm, which is generally called visible band. Human eyes have strong sensitivity particularly in a wavelength range of 390-720 nm in this visible band.
JP 2000-111702 A discloses a 14-layer anti-reflection coating comprising layers having a refractive index of 1.6 or more and layers having a refractive index of 1.5 or less for having wide-band reflection characteristics providing reflectance of 1% or less in a wavelength of 330-710 nm, and reflectance of 0.25% or less in a wavelength of 400-680 nm. However, this anti-reflection coating has reflectance of at most 0.25% or less in a reflection-preventing band, particularly in a visible band, failing to meet the recent demand of visible reflectance of 0.2% in digital camera lenses.
JP 2002-14203 A discloses an anti-reflection coating comprising 14-17 layers formed by TiO2 having a refractive index of 2.407 and SiO2 having a refractive index of 1.450 for having reflectance of 0.1% or less in a wavelength of 400-700 nm. However, the reflection-preventing wavelength range of this anti-reflection coating is as narrow as 300 nm in a wavelength range of 380-780 nm, which is generally called visible band.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an anti-reflection coating having excellent reflection-preventing characteristics in a wavelength range of 390-720 nm wider than the conventional reflection-preventing range of 300 nm.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an optical member having such an anti-reflection coating.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an optical equipment comprising such an optical member.
As a result of intensive research in view of the above objects, the inventors have found that the alternate lamination of high-refractive-index layers and intermediate-refractive-index layers having large refractive index difference with a low-refractive-index layer as the uppermost layer provides an anti-reflection coating having low reflectance in a wide visible light band having a wavelength of 390-720 nm. The present invention has been completed based on such finding.
Thus, the anti-reflection coating according to the first embodiment of the present invention comprises first to ninth layers laminated in this order on a substrate for having reflectance of 0.2% or less to light in a visible wavelength range of 390-720 nm,
the second, fourth, sixth and eighth layers being high-refractive-index layers each formed by a high-refractive-index material having a refractive index of 2.21-2.70 to a helium d-line having a wavelength of 587.56 nm;
the first, third, fifth and seventh layers being intermediate-refractive-index layers each formed by an intermediate-refractive-index material having a refractive index of 1.40 or more and less than 1.55 to the d-line; and
the ninth layer being a low-refractive-index layer formed by a low-refractive-index material having a refractive index of 1.35 or more and less than 1.40 to the d-line.
In the first embodiment, the refractive index difference between the intermediate-refractive-index layers and the high-refractive-index layers is preferably 0.67-1.30.
In the first embodiment, it is preferable that the high-refractive-index material is TiO2, Nb2O5, or a mixture or compound of at least two of TiO2, Nb2O5, CeO2, Ta2O5, ZnO, ZrO2, In2O3, SnO2 and HfO2, that the intermediate-refractive-index material is SiO2, YbF3, YF3, or a mixture or compound of at least two of SiO2, Al2O3, CeF3, NdF3, GdF3, LaF3, YbF3 and YF3, and that the low-refractive-index material is MgF2, AlF3, or a mixture or compound of at least two of MgF2, AlF3 and SiO2.
In the first embodiment, the substrate preferably has a refractive index of 1.40-2.10 to the d-line.
The anti-reflection coating according to the second embodiment of the present invention comprises first to seventh layers laminated in this order on an optical substrate with a refractive index of 1.43-1.73 to a helium d-line having a wavelength of 587.56 nm for having reflectance of 0.2% or less to light in a visible wavelength range of 390-720 nm,
the first layer having a refractive index of 1.37-1.56 to the d-line, and an optical thickness of 230-290 nm;
the second layer having a refractive index of 1.85-2.7 to the d-line, and an optical thickness of 20-80 nm;
the third layer having a refractive index of 1.37-1.52 to the d-line, and an optical thickness of 10-60 nm;
the fourth layer having a refractive index of 2.1-2.7 to the d-line, and an optical thickness of 130-220 nm;
the fifth layer having a refractive index of 1.37-1.52 to the d-line, and an optical thickness of 5-40 nm;
the sixth layer having a refractive index of 2.1-2.7 to the d-line, and an optical thickness of 20-90 nm; and
the seventh layer having a refractive index of 1.37-1.4 to the d-line, and an optical thickness of 100-160 nm.
In the second embodiment, the seventh layer preferably has a refractive index equal to or less than those of the first, third and fifth layers.
In the second embodiment, it is preferable that the first, third and fifth layers are made of MgF2 or SiO2, or a mixture or compound of SiO2 with Al2O3, Nb2O5 or TiO2, that the second, fourth and sixth layers are made of TiO2, Nb2O5, CeO2, Ta2O5, ZrO2, or any of their mixtures or compounds with SiO2, and that the seventh layer is made of MgF2, or a mixture or compound of MgF2 with SiO2, CaF2 or LiF.
The anti-reflection coating according to the third embodiment of the present invention comprises first to fourteenth layers laminated in this order on an optical substrate having a refractive index of 1.43-2.01 to helium d-line having a wavelength of 587.56 nm,
the first, third, fifth, seventh, ninth, eleventh and thirteenth layers being high-refractive-index layers formed by high-refractive-index materials having refractive indices of 2.201-2.7 to the d-line;
the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth and twelfth layers being intermediate-refractive-index layers formed by an intermediate-refractive-index material having a refractive index of 1.501-1.7 to the d-line;
the fourteenth layer being a low-refractive-index layer formed by a low-refractive-index material having a refractive index of 1.37-1.44 to the d-line;
the first layer having an optical thickness of 5-45 nm;
the second layer having an optical thickness of 15-125 nm;
the third layer having an optical thickness of 40-130 nm;
the fourth layer having an optical thickness of 1-45 nm;
the fifth layer having an optical thickness of 135-175 nm;
the sixth layer having an optical thickness of 20-50 nm;
the seventh layer having an optical thickness of 30-65 nm;
the eighth layer having an optical thickness of 155-180 nm;
the ninth layer having an optical thickness of 10-35 nm;
the tenth layer having an optical thickness of 45-75 nm;
the eleventh layer having an optical thickness of 147-170 nm;
the twelfth layer having an optical thickness of 5-28 nm;
the thirteenth layer having an optical thickness of 55-85 nm; and
the fourteenth layer having an optical thickness of 120-145 nm.
In the third embodiment, the optical substrate is preferably made of optical glass, resins or optical crystals.
In the third embodiment, it is preferable that the high-refractive-index material is TiO2 and/or Nb2O5, that the intermediate-refractive-index material is Al2O3, a mixture of SiO2 with TiO2, a mixture of SiO2 with Nb2O5, a mixture of Al2O3 with TiO2, or a mixture of Al2O3 with Nb2O5, and that the low-refractive-index material is MgF2.
The optical member of the present invention comprises any one of the above-described anti-reflection coatings.
The optical equipment of the present invention comprises any one of the above-described optical members.
In the anti-reflection coating 20, the second, fourth, sixth and eighth layers 22, 24, 26, 28 are high-refractive-index layers formed by high-refractive-index materials having refractive indices of 2.21-2.70 to the d-line, the first, third, fifth and seventh layers 21, 23, 25, 27 are intermediate-refractive-index layers formed by an intermediate-refractive-index material having a refractive index of 1.40 or more and less than 1.55 to the d-line, and the ninth layer 29 is a low-refractive-index layer formed by a low-refractive-index material having a refractive index of 1.35 or more and less than 1.40 to the d-line.
The anti-reflection coating 20 obtained by laminating the first to ninth layers 21-29 having the above refractive indices in this order on the substrate 10 has sufficiently reduced reflectance in a wider wavelength range with a small number of lamination. Specifically, it has as low reflectance as 0.2% or less to light having a wavelength range of 390-720 nm, which has particularly high sensitivity in a visible band of 380-780 nm.
With a large refractive index difference between the high-refractive-index layers of the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth layers 22, 24, 26, 28 and the intermediate-refractive-index layers of the first, third, fifth and seventh layers 21, 23, 25, 27, the anti-reflection coating 20 has sufficiently reduced reflectance to light in a wide, visible wavelength range of 390-720 nm without suffering thickness increase. The refractive index difference between the high-refractive-index layer and the intermediate-refractive-index layer is preferably 0.67-1.30, more preferably 0.68-1.29.
The high-refractive-index materials may be TiO2, Nb2O5, or mixtures or compounds of at least two of TiO2, Nb2O5, CeO2, Ta2O5, ZnO, ZrO2, In2O3, SnO2 and HfO2. TiO2 and Nb2O5 can be used alone because they have high refractive indices. CeO2, Ta2O5, ZnO, ZrO2, In2O3, SnO2 and HfO2 can be used in combination, because they have refractive indices outside the range necessary for the high-refractive-index layer. Likewise, the intermediate-refractive-index materials may be SiO2, YbF3, YF3, or mixtures or compounds of at least two of SiO2, Al2O3, CeF3, NdF3, GdF3, LaF3, YbF3 and YF3. The low-refractive-index materials may be MgF2, AlF3, or mixtures or compounds of at least two of MgF2, AlF3 and SiO2.
The high-refractive-index layer, the intermediate-refractive-index layer and the low-refractive-index layer are preferably formed by a physical deposition method such as a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a vapor deposition method, etc. It is particularly preferable to form the first to eighth layers by a sputtering method or an ion plating method, and to form the ninth layer by a high-precision vapor deposition method, thereby efficiently forming the anti-reflection coating 20 with a stable refractive index.
The substrate 30 may be the same as in the first embodiment except that its refractive index to the d-line is 1.43-1.73. Particularly preferable are optical glass such as S-FPL53 (trademark, nd=1.43875), S-FSL5 (trademark, nd=1.48749), S-BSL7 (trademark, nd=1.51633), S-BAL50 (trademark, nd=1.55963), S-BSM14 (trademark, nd=1.60311), S-LAL7 (trademark, nd=1.65160), S-LAL10 (trademark, nd=1.72000), etc., Pyrex (trademark, nd-1.48), quartz (nd-1.46), blue plate glass (nd-1.51), white plate glass (nd-1.52), Zerodur (trademark, nd=1.5424), fluorite (nd=1.434), acrylics (nd=1.49), polycarbonates (nd=1.58), polyethylene terephthalate (nd=1.58), APEL (trademark, nd=1.54), ZEONEX (trademark, nd=1.53), ARTON (trademark, nd=1.52), etc.
In the anti-reflection coating 40, the first layer 41 has a refractive index of 1.37-1.56 to the d-line and an optical thickness of 230-290 nm, the second layer 42 has a refractive index of 1.85-2.7 to the d-line and an optical thickness of 20-80 nm, the third layer 43 has a refractive index of 1.37-1.52 to the d-line and an optical thickness of 10-60 nm, the fourth layer 44 has a refractive index of 2.1-2.7 to the d-line and an optical thickness of 130-220 nm, the fifth layer 45 has a refractive index of 1.37-1.52 to the d-line and an optical thickness of 5-40 nm, the sixth layer 46 has a refractive index of 2.1-2.7 to the d-line and an optical thickness of 20-90 nm, and the seventh layer 47 has a refractive index of 1.37-1.4 to the d-line and an optical thickness of 100-160 nm.
The anti-reflection coating 40 has a 7-layer structure, which is obtained by substituting the first to third layers 21, 22, 23 in the anti-reflection coating 20 according to the first embodiment with the first layer 41. With each layer having a refractive index and an optical thickness within the above ranges in the 7-layer structure, reflectance can be reduced sufficiently in a wide wavelength range with a small number UI lamination. Specifically, the reflectance to light in a wavelength range of 390-720 nm, which has high sensitivity among the visible band of 380-780 nm, is reduced to 0.2% or less.
With a large refractive index difference between the second, fourth and sixth layers 42, 44, 46 having a high refractive index and the first, third, fifth and seventh layers 41, 43, 45, 47 having a low refractive index, the anti-reflection coating 40 has sufficiently reduced reflectance to light in a wide, visible wavelength range of 390-720 nm without suffering thickness increase. Particularly preferable is a large refractive index difference between the second, fourth and sixth layers 42, 44, 46 having a high refractive index and the first, third, fifth and seventh layers 41, 43, 45, 47 having a low refractive index. Specifically, the refractive index difference between the second, fourth and sixth layers 42, 44, 46 and the first, third, fifth and seventh layers 41, 43, 45, 47 is preferably 0.49-1.4, more preferably 0.7-1.33. The preferred refractive indices of the second, fourth and sixth layers 42, 44, 46 are 2.1-2.7.
The seventh layer 47 preferably has a refractive index equal to or less than those of the first, third and fifth layers 41, 43, 45. With the seventh layer 47, which is the outermost layer of the anti-reflection coating 40, provided with a low refractive index, the anti-reflection coating 40 has reduced reflectance in a wide wavelength range. The refractive index of the seventh layer 47 is preferably 1.37 or more and less than 1.4, more preferably 1.375-1.395. Also, the first layer 41 preferably has a refractive index of 1.38-1.56, and the third and fifth layers 43, 45 preferably have refractive indices of 1.38-1.52.
The refractive index of the seventh layer 47 is preferably lower than that of the first layer 41 by 0.0001-0.19, and lower than those of the third and fifth layers 43, 45 by 0.001-0.19. With the refractive index of the seventh layer 47, which is the outermost layer of the anti-reflection coating 40, lower than those of the first, third and fifth layers 41, 43, 45, the anti-reflection coating 40 has further reduced reflectance.
Materials for the second, fourth and sixth layers 42, 44, 46 may be TiO2, Nb2O5, CeO2, Ta2O5, ZrO2, or their mixtures or compounds with SiO2. TiO2, Nb2O5, CeO2, Ta2O5 and ZrO2 can be used alone for the second, fourth and sixth layers 42, 44, 46, because they have high refractive indices. They are also usable in combination with SiO2. Materials for the first, third and fifth layers 41, 43, 45 may be MgF2, SiO2, or mixtures or compounds of SiO2 with Al2O3, Nb2O5 or TiO2. Materials for the seventh layer 47 may be MgF2, or mixtures or compounds of MgF2 with SiO2, CaF2 or LiF.
The first to seventh layers 41-47 are preferably formed by the above physical deposition method. It is particularly preferable to form the first to sixth layers by a sputtering method or an ion plating method, and to form the seventh layer by a high-precision vapor deposition method, thereby efficiently forming the anti-reflection coating 40 with a stable refractive index.
The substrate 50 may be the same as in the first embodiment except that its refractive index to the d-line is 1.43-2.01. Particularly preferable are optical glass such as FK03, FK5, BK7, SK20, SK14, LAK7, LAK10, LASF016, LASF04, SFL03, LASF08, NPH2, TAFD4, S-FPL53 (trademark, nd=1.4388), S-PSL5 (trademark, nd=1.48749), S-BSL7 (trademark, nd=1.5163), S-BAL50 (trademark, nd=1.55963), S-BSM14 (trademark, nd=1.60311), S-LAL7 (trademark, nd=1.65160), S-LAL10 (trademark, nd=1.72000), etc., Pyrex (trademark, nd=about 1.48), quartz (nd=about 1.46), blue plate glass (nd=about 1.51), white plate glass (nd=about 1.52), LUMICERA (trademark), Zerodur (trademark, nd=1.5424), fluorite (nd=1.434), sapphire, acrylics (nd=1.49), polycarbonates (nd=1.58), polyethylene terephthalate (nd=1.58), APEL (trademark, nd=1.54), ZEONEX (trademark, nd=1.53), ARTON (trademark, nd=1.52), etc.
In the anti-reflection coating 60, the first, third, fifth, seventh, ninth, eleventh and thirteenth layers 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73 are high-refractive-index layers formed by high-refractive-index materials having refractive indices of 2.201-2.7 to the d-line, the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth and twelfth layers 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72 are intermediate-refractive-index layers formed by intermediate-refractive-index materials having refractive indices of 1.501-1.7 to the d-line, and the fourteenth layer 74 is a low-refractive-index layer formed by a low-refractive-index material having a refractive index of 1.37-1.44 to the d-line.
The anti-reflection coating 60 having the above layer structure, which is formed on the substrate 50, has sufficiently reduced reflectance in a wide wavelength range including a visible long-wavelength range. Specifically, the reflectance to incident light perpendicular to the substrate 50 can be reduced to 0.1% or less in a wavelength bandwidth of 330 nm between 390 nm and 720 nm.
The high-refractive-index layers preferably have refractive indices of 2.201-2.500, the intermediate-refractive-index layers preferably have refractive indices of 1.501-1.690, and the low-refractive-index layer preferably has a refractive index of 1.370-1.430, thereby reducing reflectance in a wavelength bandwidth of 330 nm between 390 nm and 720 nm.
The high-refractive-index materials may be TiO2 and/or Nb2O5. The intermediate-refractive-index materials may be Al2O3, mixtures of SiO2 with TiO2 or Nb2O5, or mixtures of Al2O3 with TiO2 or Nb2O5. The low-refractive-index material may be MgF2.
The first layer 61 has an optical thickness of 5-45 nm, the second layer 62 has an optical thickness of 15-125 nm, the third layer 63 has an optical thickness of 40-130 nm, the fourth layer 64 has an optical thickness of 1-45 nm, the fifth layer 65 has an optical thickness of 135-175 nm, the sixth layer 66 has an optical thickness of 20-50 nm, the seventh layer 67 has an optical thickness of 30-65 nm, the eighth layer 68 has an optical thickness of 155-180 nm, the ninth layer 69 has an optical thickness of 10-35 nm, the tenth layer 70 has an optical thickness of 45-75 nm, the eleventh layer 71 has an optical thickness of 147-170 nm, the twelfth layer 72 has an optical thickness of 5-28 nm, the thirteenth layer 73 has an optical thickness of 55-85 nm, and the fourteenth layer 74 has an optical thickness of 120-145 nm.
The first to fourteenth layers 61-74 are preferably formed by the above physical deposition method. It is particularly preferable to form the first to thirteenth layers by a sputtering method or an ion plating method, and to form the fourteenth layer by a high-precision vapor deposition method, thereby efficiently forming the anti-reflection coating 60 with a stable refractive index.
The optical members of the present invention comprising the above anti-reflection coatings have excellent refractive index characteristics, suitable as lenses, prisms, filters, etc. for optical equipments such as TV cameras, video cameras, digital cameras, in-vehicle cameras, microscopes, telescopes, etc.
Though the embodiments of the present invention have been explained referring to the attached drawings, proper modifications and additions may be made within the scope of the present invention. For example, the anti-reflection coating 20, 40, 60 may comprise additional films unless its characteristics are affected. Also, thin films having different refractive indices may be interposed between any adjacent layers, and at least one layer may be, substituted by pluralities of films, unless the characteristics of the anti-reflection coating are affected.
It should be noted that the layer materials are not restricted to those described above, but any materials having desired refractive indices may be used.
The optimum optical thickness [refractive index (n)×physical thickness (d)] of each layer can be determined by computer simulation using the refractive indices of the substrate and all layers.
The present invention will be explained in further detail by Examples below without intention of restricting the present invention thereto.
In each anti-reflection coating 20 according to the first embodiment, which comprised high-refractive-index layers 22, 24, 26 and 28 made of TiO2 having a refractive index of 2.46 to the d-line, intermediate-refractive-index layers 21, 23, 25 and 27 made of SiO2 having a refractive index of 1.48 to the d-line, and a low-refractive-index layer 29 made of MgF2 having a refractive index of 1.39 to the d-line, with air having a refractive index of 1.00 as an incident-side medium, the optimum optical thickness of each layer 21-29 for each substrate 10 was determined by simulation. The material and refractive index of the substrate 10 and the optical thickness of each layer in the anti-reflection coating 20 in each Example 1-1 to 1-13 are shown in Table 1. Using a design wavelength λ0 of 550 nm, the optical thickness of each layer is expressed by number×λ0 in Table 1. The spectral reflectance of each anti-reflection coating 20 of Examples 1-1 to 1-13 to perpendicular incident light was calculated by simulation, with reflection on an opposite surface of the substrate 10 to the anti-reflection coating 20 neglected. The calculation results are shown in
In each anti-reflection coating 20 according to the first embodiment, which comprised high-refractive-index layers 22, 24, 26 and 28 made of Nb2O5 having a refractive index of 2.31 to the d-line, intermediate-refractive-index layers 21, 23, 25 and 27 made of SiO2 having a refractive index of 1.48 to the d-line, and a low-refractive-index layer 29 made of MgF2 having a refractive index of 1.39 to the d-line, with air having a refractive index of 1.00 as an incident-side medium, the optimum optical thickness of each layer 21-29 for each substrate 10 was calculated by simulation. The material and refractive index of the substrate 10 and the optical thickness of each layer in the anti-reflection coating 20 in each Example 2-1 to 2-13 are shown in Table 2. The spectral reflectance of each anti-reflection coating 20 of Examples 2-1 to 2-13 to perpendicular incident light was calculated by simulation. The calculation results are shown in
In each anti-reflection coating 20 according to the first embodiment, which comprised high-refractive-index layers 22, 24, 26 and 28 made of a mixture of Nb2O5 and HfO2 having a refractive index of 2.21 to the d-line, intermediate-refractive-index layers 21, 23, 25 and 27 made of SiO2 having a refractive index of 1.47 to the d-line, and a low-refractive-index layer 29 made of MgF2 having a refractive index of 1.39 to the d-line, with air having a refractive index of 1.00 as an incident-side medium, the optimum optical thickness of each layer 21-29 for each substrate 10 was calculated by simulation. The material and refractive index of the substrate 10 and the optical thickness of each layer in the anti-reflection coating 20 in Examples 3-1 to 3-13 are shown in Table 3. The spectral reflectance of each anti-reflection coating 20 of Examples 3-1 to 3-13 to perpendicular incident light was calculated by simulation. The calculation results are shown in
In each anti-reflection coating 20 according to the first embodiment, which comprised high-refractive-index layers 22, 24, 26 and 28 made of TiO2 having a refractive index of 2.30 to the d-line, intermediate-refractive-index layers 21, 23, 25 and 27 made of a mixture of Al2O3 and SiO2 having a refractive index of 1.54 to the d-line, and a low-refractive-index layer 29 made of MgF2 having a refractive index of 1.39 to the d-line, with air having a refractive index of 1.00 as an incident-side medium, the optimum optical thickness of each layer 21-29 for each substrate 10 was calculated by simulation. The material and refractive index of the substrate 10 and the optical thickness of each layer in the anti-reflection coatings 20 in each Example 4-1 to 4-13 are shown in Table 4. The spectral reflectance of each anti-reflection coating 20 of Examples 4-1 to 4-13 to perpendicular incident light was calculated by simulation. The calculation results are shown in
As is clear from
In an anti-reflection coating 20 formed on a substrate 10 made of BSL7 having a refractive index of 1.52, which comprised high-refractive-index layers 22, 24, 26 and 28 made of ZrO2+TiO2 having a refractive index of 2.11 to light in a wavelength of 550 nm, intermediate-refractive-index layers 21, 23, 25 and 27 made of Al2O3 having a refractive index of 1.62 to light in a wavelength of 550 nm, and a low-refractive-index layer 29 made of MgF2 having a refractive index of 1.38 to light in a wavelength of 550 nm, with air having a refractive index of 1.00 as an incident-side medium, the optimum optical thickness of each layer 21-29 for the substrate 10 was calculated by simulation. The optical thickness of each layer in the anti-reflection coating 20 is shown in Table 5. The spectral reflectance of the anti-reflection coating 20 to perpendicular incident light was calculated by simulation. The calculation results are shown in
As is clear from
In each anti-reflection coating 40 comprising first to seventh layers 41-47 on a substrate 30 according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the optimization of the refractive index and optical thickness of each layer for the refractive index of the substrate 30 was simulated, with air having a refractive index of 1.00 as an incident-side medium. The design wavelength was 550 nm. The refractive index of and optical thickness of each layer in Examples 5-1-5-8 are shown in Table 6. The spectral reflectance of each anti-reflection coating 40 of Examples 5-1 to 5-8 to perpendicular incident light was calculated by simulation, with the refractive index dispersion of the substrate 30 and the layers 41-47 taken into consideration, and with reflection on an opposite surface of the substrate 30 to the anti-reflection coating 40 neglected. The calculation results of reflectance are shown in
As is clear from
Referring to the results of Examples 5-1 to 5-8, anti-reflection coating materials having optimum refractive indices were selected for substrate materials actually used. The refractive index dispersion of each anti-reflection coating material is shown in
An anti-reflection coating 40 comprising first to seventh layers 41-47 made of the materials shown in Table 7 was formed on a substrate 30 of S-FSL5 (available from Ohara Inc., nd=1.4875) by a vapor deposition method. The spectral reflectance of the anti-reflection coating 40 to perpendicular incident light was calculated by simulation. The simulation results are shown in
An anti-reflection coating 40 comprising first to seventh layers 41-47 made of the materials shown in Table 8 was formed on a substrate 30 of S-BSL7 (available from Ohara Inc., nd=1.5163) by a vapor deposition method. The spectral reflectance of the anti-reflection coating 40 to perpendicular incident light was calculated by simulation. The simulation results are shown in
An anti-reflection coating 40 comprising first to seventh layers 41-47 made of the materials shown in Table 9 was formed on a substrate 30 of S-BSM15 (available from Ohara Inc., nd=1.6230) by a vapor deposition method. The spectral reflectance of the anti-reflection coating 40 to perpendicular incident light was calculated by simulation. The simulation results are shown in
First to sixth layers 41-46 made of the materials shown in Table 10 was formed on a substrate 30 of S-LAL12 (available from Ohara Inc., nd=1.6779) by a sputtering method, and a seventh layer 47 made of the material shown in Table 10 was formed thereon by a vapor deposition method to obtain an anti-reflection coating 40. The sputtered first layer 41 comprised 94% of TiO2 and 6% of SiO2. The spectral reflectance of the anti-reflection coating 40 to perpendicular incident light was calculated by simulation. The simulation results are shown in
An anti-reflection coating comprising first to ninth layers made of the materials shown in Table 11 was formed on a substrate of S-BSM15 (available from Ohara Inc., nd=1.6230) by a vapor deposition method. OH-5 in the anti-reflection coating is a depositing material comprising TiO2 and ZrO2, which is available from Canon Optron, Inc. The spectral reflectance of the anti-reflection coating to perpendicular incident light was calculated by simulation, with the refractive index dispersion of the substrate and the layers taken into consideration, and with reflection on an opposite surface of the substrate to the anti-reflection coating neglected. The simulation results are shown in
The comparison of Examples 5-9 to 5-12 with Comparative Example 2 revealed that the anti-reflection coatings having the layer structures in Examples 5-9-5-12 have the maximum reflectance reduced to 0.2% or less in a wavelength bandwidth of 330 nm between 390 nm and 720 nm, while the anti-reflection coating having the layer structure in Comparative Example 2 has the maximum reflectance exceeding 0.2%.
As described above, the anti-reflection coating according to the second embodiment of the present invention has sufficiently reduced reflectance in a wide wavelength range with a small number of lamination, thereby suppressing problems such as flare and ghost, which extremely deteriorate the optical characteristics, to obtain excellent color balance.
High-refractive-index layers 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71 and 73 made of Nb2O5 having a refractive index of 2.312 to the d-line, and intermediate-refractive-index layers 62, 64, 66, 68, 70 and 72 made of a mixture of Nb2O5 and SiO2 having a refractive index of 1.501 to the d-line were formed by a sputtering method, and a low-refractive-index layer 74 made of MgF2 having a refractive index of 1.388 to the d-line was formed by a vapor deposition method, to form the anti-reflection coating 60 having the layer structure shown in
With air having a refractive index of 1.00 as an incident-side medium, the optimum optical thickness of each layer 61-74 in each anti-reflection coating 60 was calculated by simulation. The optimum optical thickness of each layer is shown in Table 12.
The spectral reflectance of each anti-reflection coating 60 of Examples 6-1 to 6-7 to perpendicular incident light (incident angle=0°) was calculated by simulation, with the refractive index dispersion of the substrate 50 and the layers 61-74 of the anti-reflection coating 60 taken into consideration, and with reflection on an opposite surface of the substrate 50 to the anti-reflection coating 60 neglected. The calculation results are shown in
Anti-reflection coatings 60 were produced in the same manner as in Examples 6-1 to 6-7, except for changing the high-refractive-index material to TiO2 having a refractive index of 2.455 and the intermediate-refractive-index material to Al2O3 having a refractive index of 1.644 as shown in Table 13. The optical thickness of each layer 61-74 was calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Examples 6-1 to 6-7. The spectral reflectance of each anti-reflection coating 60 of Examples 7-1 to 7-7 to perpendicular incident light (incident angle=0°) was calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Examples 6-1 to 6-7. The calculation results are shown in
Referring to Embodiment 4 in JP 2000-111702 A, layers made of Ta2O5 having a refractive index of 2.233, and layers made of SiO2 having a refractive index of 1.487 were alternately formed on a substrate made of S-BSL7, and a layer made of MgF2 having a refractive index of 1.388 was formed thereon to form a 14-layer anti-reflection coating. The optimum optical thickness of each layer in this anti-reflection coating was calculated by simulation, with air having a refractive index of 1.00 as an incident-side medium. The results are shown in Table 14. The spectral reflectance of this anti-reflection coating to perpendicular incident light (incident angle=0°) was calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Examples 6-1 to 6-7. The calculation results are shown in
Referring to Embodiment 3 in JP 2002-14203 A, layers made of Ta2O5 having a refractive index of 2.233, layers made of TiO2 having a refractive index of 2.455, and layers made of SiO2 having a refractive index of 1.450 were formed on a substrate made of S-BSL7, to form a 14-layer anti-reflection coating. The optimum optical thickness of each layer in this anti-reflection coating was calculated by simulation, with air having a refractive index of 1.00 as an incident-side medium. The results are shown in Table 15. The spectral reflectance of this anti-reflection coating to perpendicular incident light (incident angle=0°) was calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Examples 6-1 to 6-7. The calculation results are shown in
The anti-reflection coatings according to the third embodiment of the present invention had reflectance of 0.1% or less in a wavelength bandwidth of 330 nm between 390 nm and 720 nm as shown in
The anti-reflection coating of the present invention has not only low reflectance in a wide visible light band having a wavelength of 390 nm to 720 nm, but also extremely high transmission characteristics and excellent color balance. Accordingly, the use of such anti-reflection coating provides high-performance optical members and optical equipments free from problems such as flare and ghost, which extremely deteriorate the optical characteristics.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-202386 | Sep 2012 | JP | national |
| 2012-270750 | Dec 2012 | JP | national |
| 2013-151037 | Jul 2013 | JP | national |
