Patent Grant
9482033
The present invention relates to the field of electromechanical locks; this term is intended to indicate those locks equipped with a movable locking element displaced by a solenoid, in turn activated by an unlocking electrical signal.
In the electromechanical locks the movable element cooperates with the operating elements of the lock that control the bolt and that vary depending on the types of locks.
In general, in these locks the movable element is stably held in the locking condition of the lock thanks to a spring.
When the unlocking electrical signal (which can be generated by a key provided with an electrical battery or by an electrical circuit connected to a control button) is imparted to the solenoid, this latter acts on the movable element bringing it into the unlocking condition of the lock.
This condition is maintained until the electrical signal that energizes the solenoid continues; when the electrical signal ceases, the movable element is brought back to the locking condition of the lock exactly thanks to the spring and there it remains until a new unlocking signal is generated.
The main object in this technical field is obviously to realize devices that are resistant to opening attempts with dexterity by shock.
Unfortunately, because of their peculiarity, electromechanical locks prove to be easily subject to opening with dexterity by shock.
This opening is carried out in some cases, such as when a pulse force (hit with a hammer or the like, or a series of hits proximate in time) is applied directed along the axis of the movable element controlled by the solenoid that manages to gradually displace with micro-movements against the force of its spring due to the friction of the bolt permanently in traction on the movable element until causing the opening or unlocking condition; or such as when a pulse force (hit with a hammer or the like, or a series of hits proximate in time) is applied directed along the axis of the movable element controlled by the solenoid or along another axis even at the same time so that due to the produced friction manages to gradually move with micro-movements the movable element until creating the opening or unlocking condition.
These types of openings allow to close again the electromechanical locks afterward without causing any damage to their functioning nor leaving signs of the occurred opening thus making it impossible to ascertain that there was an opening with dexterity by a third party.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the known art.
In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide an electromechanical lock equipped with expedient devices suitable for preventing openings with dexterity by shock.
These and other objects of the present invention are achieved by a lock incorporating the features of the appended claims, which form integral part of the present description.
The idea on which the present invention is based consists in realizing an electromechanical lock comprising:
The movable element comprises an anti-shock shaped portion and the lock comprises an engagement means for said shaped portion. Said engagement means by displacing interferes with the anti-shock shaped portion preventing the movement of the movable element for opening or unlocking the lock.
Furthermore, the lock of the invention also comprises a substantially cylindrical and hollow rotor, intended to house said solenoid and said movable element such that one end of the latter provided with said anti-shock shaped portion externally protrudes from said solenoid; the lock also comprises a fixed block or stator and a stop bar radially displaceable from and towards an interference position between rotor and stator to allow or prevent rotation of the former with respect to the latter.
In this way the drawbacks linked to the known electromechanical locks are advantageously overcome, since the anti-shock feature prevents the fact that the lock of the invention can be brought into the unlocking condition by simply applying pulse forces and/or of another type.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become more clear from the following description.
The invention will be described hereinbelow with reference to non-limiting examples, which are given for explanatory and not-limiting purposes in the appended drawings. These drawings illustrate different aspects and embodiments of the present invention and, where appropriate, reference numbers illustrating structures, components, materials and/or similar elements in different figures are denoted by similar reference numbers.
While the invention is susceptible of various modifications and alternative constructions, some illustrated relevant embodiments are shown in the drawings and will be described hereinbelow in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific illustrated embodiment, but, on the contrary, the invention intends to cover all the modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents that fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
The use of “e.g.”, “etc.”, “or” indicates non-exclusive alternatives without limitation unless otherwise indicated. The use of “comprises” means “comprises, but is not limited to” unless otherwise indicated.
In general, with reference to all the embodiments described hereinbelow by way of example, the basic concept of the invention is related to the fact that there is provided an electromechanical lock 1 comprising:
The electromechanical locks 1 that are shortly going to be described in detail preferably have the anti-shock shaped portion 31,31′,31″,31′″ of the movable element 3 that comprises first abutment surfaces and the engagement means 8,8′,8″,8′″ that comprises second abutment surfaces to realise a mechanical interference between the movable element 3 and the engagement means 8,8′,8″,8′″ itself, so as to engage the movable element 3 and to retain it in the locking position of the lock.
Advantageously, the movable element 3 is the movable core of said solenoid 2 and has a substantially cylindrical shape with two free ends, a first end being intended to cooperate with the spring 4 and the opposite end being provided with said anti-shock shaped portion 31,31′,31″,31′″.
According to a feature of the present invention, the lock 1 further comprises
The lock 1, in this non-limiting example, comprises a solenoid 2 having an fixed end element 21, a spring 4 and a movable element 3 intended to slide in the solenoid 2 like a movable core.
The particular arrangement of the parts causes that, with the solenoid 2 in a de-energized condition, the movable element 3 is pushed away from the fixed end element 21, which also acts as an abutment for the spring 4.
When the solenoid 2 is energized by an electrical signal, the generated magnetic field causes the movable element 3 to move in the direction of the fixed end element 21, compressing the spring 4.
This situation is maintained until the energized condition of the solenoid 2 is maintained, once ceased which the spring 4 pushes again the movable element 3 in the opposite direction.
With reference to
The movable element 3 is mounted in the solenoid 2 such that its enlarged head 31 protrudes externally from the latter.
The lock 1 further comprises a control unit 5, in particular an electronic control unit, operatively connected to the solenoid 2 and in turn comprising an electronic card 51 and a connector element 52 optionally provided with an anti-drilling protection, such as a high-hardness metal disc or the like.
The lock 1 further comprises a substantially cylindrical and hollow rotor 6, intended to house in an assembled condition the solenoid 2 and the control unit 5.
On the body of the rotor 6, substantially along one of the directrixes thereof, a seat 7 intended to house at least one, preferably two springs 71 radially arranged with respect to the rotor 6, is obtained.
The lock further comprises a stop bar 81 having, in this example, a “L” shape partly mounted in the seat 7 and radially pushed (in the assembled condition) towards outside by the springs 71.
The stop bar 81 comprises a substantially cylindrical body from which a bent end portion departs, arranged in a substantially perpendicular way with respect to the body.
The body of the stop bar 81 is intended to prevent/allow the rotation of the rotor 6 depending on the position that it assumes with respect to the seat 7 (as it is shortly going to be described in greater detail), while the bent end portion of the stop bar 81, arranged in a radial direction, is, in this example, the engagement means 8 that cooperates with the anti-shock shaped portion 31, as it is shortly going to become apparent.
The set of parts just described is housed overall in a fixed block or stator 9 and held therein by the stop washer 10.
To this purpose, the stator 9 is provided with a substantially cylindrical through hole 91 in which the rotor 6 is housed and with a cavity 92 in which, in the assembled condition, the stop bar 81 is placed; the cavity 92 extends into the body of the stator 9 in the radial direction departing from the through hole 91, as visible in the detail of
Reference is made to
Starting from this latter condition, it is noted that the movable element 3, under the action of the spring 4, is in the condition extracted from the solenoid and protrudes until being placed in front of the head 8 of the stop bar 81.
This latter is housed in the cavity 92 previously described and, in this position, locks any rotation of the rotor 6 with respect to the stator 9, creating an obstacle to the relative rotation of the two parts because it is arranged on the rotation circumference.
A radial displacement of the stop bar 81 is moreover prevented, in this condition, by the movable element 3, which is placed in front of the end portion 8 of the bar 81 and thus prevents the radial movement thereof.
The lock 1 is thus locked or closed.
When one wishes to open the lock 1 without forcing it, the corresponding key K is used.
The key K, which is an electronic key in this example, is internally provided with an electronic circuit and a battery and it is intended to be connected to the connector element 52 through which it transmits an opening signal to the electronic card 51, which is then transmitted as an electrical unlocking signal to the solenoid 2.
It is to be noted as of now that, in certain situations, in place of the key K a control circuit could be used, which circuit acts on the solenoid and can be actuated by means of a button, without for this reason that the principle of the invention deviates from what herein taught.
In another embodiment (not shown) the key K is a traditional key that, when used, does not directly act on the lock in a mechanical way, but it actuates an electrical control circuit that acts on the solenoid.
Returning to
The energization of the solenoid 2 has caused the displacement to the unlocking position of the movable element 3, which in fact in
The displacement of the movable element 3, therefore, frees the space needed for the radial movement towards the center of the stop bar 81, which takes place thanks to the rotation of the key K: the rotation of the key K causes, in fact, the rotation of the rotor 6; the stop bar 81, no longer impeded by the movable element 3, is free to radially move inwards protruding from the cavity 92 (due to the rotation), pushed in this direction from the walls of the cavity 92 itself during the movement, and being partially housed in the seat 7.
The rotor 6, no longer impeded by the stop bar 81, is then free to rotate, until placing into the configuration of
To understand the advantages of the present invention reference is made to
As a matter of facts, if one would open the lock 1 with dexterity by shock, the movable element 3 should be retracted, so as to free the radial movement space of the stop bar 81 in order to unlock the rotation of the rotor 6 with respect to the stator 9. Typically, to do this a rotational moment is continuously applied on the rotor 6, for example with a tensioner T1, and an impulsive force is applied, for example with a hammer T2, directed parallel to the direction of movement of the movable element 6, which, in the absence of the expedient devices of the present invention, gradually wins through micro-movements the force of the spring 4, displacing into the unlocking position.
The continuous application of the moment given by the lever or tensioner T1 would thus generate the rotation of the rotor 6 as soon as the movable element has been displaced (although temporarily) into the unlocking position.
On the contrary, thanks to the presence of anti-shock shaped portion 31 of the movable element 3 interacting with the engagement means 8, when a condition of an opening attempt with dexterity by shock—like the one just described—occurs, the unlocking of the lock 1 does not occurs: as a matter of facts, the anti-shock shaped portion 31 of the movable element 3 is intercepted during its movement by the engagement means (the terminal end) 8 of the stop bar 81 thus realizing the anti-shock function.
To understand this latter in its entirety, it must be clear that the application of the moment (with the tensioner T1) generates a small rotation (given the normal dimensional tolerances in these embodiments) of the rotor 6 in the hole 91; such small rotation generates, in turn, a small radial displacement of the stop bar 81, whose end 8 radially moves inwards until abutting on the cylindrical body of the movable element 3 that is in the extended condition (the solenoid being de-energized and, therefore, subject only to the force of the spring 4).
It becomes then clear that the subsequent application of an impulsive force (produced for example with the hammer T2) does not cause the displacement of the movable element 3 into the unlocking position, since the head of the stop bar 8 interferes with the enlarged head of the movable element 3, preventing its movement into the unlocking or opening position.
Several variants to what taught so far with regard to this first embodiment are obviously possible.
A first variant is shown by way of example in
The only difference with respect to the embodiment described before with reference to
The seat 7 in the rotor 6, which before had a dead-end, is now replaced by a through seat 7′ to allow the pin 81′ to extend radially in the direction of the movable element 6.
The springs 71 are replaced by the sole spring 71′ concentric to the pin 81′, which has the same function as the former springs.
The functioning is completely similar to that described above and, therefore, we do not linger over.
Always with regard to variants of this embodiment, reference is now made to
In particular, as shown in
Instead, in
Obviously, as shown, the shape of cavities and teeth as well as their number may change depending on the needs, being for example one (as in
The objects mentioned above are thus achieved.
Other variants to what has been taught so far are then furthermore possible, all these variants to be regarded as integral part of the invention, within the skill of the expert in the art in the light of the teachings provided so far.
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