Anti-solar polymers, method of making the same and cosmetic compositions containing the same

The present invention relates to novel "anti-solar" polymers which are particularly useful in cosmetic preparations, to the process for preparing these new polymers and to cosmetic compositions containing the same.
Sunburn, or erythema, results from the excessive exposure of human skin to the rays of the sun and the wave lengths of light in the range of 280 to 315 millimicrons, often called the "erythematous zone" are those which produce such sunburn.
Below this wave length range the sun rays do not present any particular danger, for they are filtered by the ozone in the atmosphere.
However, the UV rays which are responsible for or which produce a desirable suntan are those in the zone ranging from 315 to 400 millimicrons.
Consequently, if one desires to be exposed to solar radiation, it is important that the skin be protected with the aid of a composition containing a substance which absorbs the UV rays in the erythematous zone, thereby avoiding an undesirable sunburn, which composition however also transmits those wave lengths in the range of 315 to 400 millimicrons so as to obtain a desirable suntan.
Heretofore a number of formulations have been proposed for this purpose. For the most part, they are based on aromatic compounds exhibiting an absorption in the UV in the zone between 280 and 315 millimicrons and, more particularly, between 295 and 305 millimicrons.
In addition to this absorbing power, such compounds must have other properties and in particular they must not absorb the wave lengths of light in the zone ranging from 315 to 400 millimicrons, they should be non-volatile and they should also be resistant to both fresh and salt water and to perspiration. Additionally they should exhibit cosmetic compatibility with other components which may be present in suntan formulations and they should be non-odorous, non-toxic and non-irritating, i.e. entirely harmless to the user.
Among these characteristics, non-toxicity and dermotological compatibility are of great importance.
Representative aromatic compounds which have heretofore been employed in suntan preparations include derivatives of para-aminobenzoic acid, derivatives of anthranilic acid, derivatives of cinnamic acid and dihydroxy and trihydroxy cinnamic acid, derivatives of coumarin and the like.
The rather current widespread use of such compounds as an "anti-solar filter", is not without certain disadvantages. Certain of these substances do not exhibit sufficient efficiency in their ability to absorb the wave lengths of light in the erythematous zone. Moreover many do not possess the requisite solubility characteristics necessary so as to be utilized in many different types of formulation, and finally, because of their low molecular weight, many are able to penetrate through the epidermis of the skin into the human body which, in certain cases, can cause unfavorable side effects.
In an effort to remedy the inconveniences of these compounds, it has also been proposed to fix on macromolecular chains of certain copolymers, filters absorbing in UV in the erythematous region.
Among the polymers of this type described in the literature, one can in particular cite those resulting from the polymerization of 2-hydroxy (3-acryloxy or methacryloxy-2-hydroxy-4-propoxy) benzophenone with a comonomer of the methyl methacrylate type or of an unsaturated carboxylic acid such as acrylic, methacrylic, itaconic or crotonic acid, or the like.
However, these copolymers have not been found to be fully effective in cosmetic compositions because often they are quite difficult to formulate with other components generally found in a wide variety of anti-solar compositions and often they absorb only a portion of the undesirable wave lengths in the erythematous zone.
In effect, the nature of the function which permits the linking of the filter moiety to the polymeric chain of these known materials seriously limits the number of aromatic residues which impart the filtering or absorbing characteristics to the polymer and thus it has been found that there is often not a sufficient amount of such aromatic residues to provide the degree of efficacy desired or required.
To overcome these disadvantages, the applicants have now provided anti-solar ploymers wherein the residue which imparts to the polymer the ability to absorb wave lengths in the erythematous zone is linked to the polymeric chain by an intermediate chemical function of a particular type.
Thus, in a first embodiment, the present invention relates to an anti-solar polymer which contains in the macromolecular chain thereof at least one unit having the formula ##STR4## wherein F is a residue derived from an aromatic compound imparting to the polymer the ability to absorb those wave lengths of light in the range of about 280 and 315 millimicrons.
In a second embodiment of the present invention, the anti-solar polymer contains in the macromolecular chains thereof at least one unit having the formula: ##STR5## wherein F.sub.1 represents a member selected from the group consisting of ##STR6##
Representative anti-solar polymers of the first embodiment include:
N-vinylpyrrolidone/vinyloxycarbonylmethyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylate; and
vinyl stearate/vinyloxycarbonylmethyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylate.
These two particular copolymers are obtained by using, as the aromatic ultra-violet absorbing compound, 2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylic acid.
The new polymers according to this embodiment of the invention are preferably copolymers (bipolymer, terpolymers, etc.), that is they carry both the units of formula II and one or several other units derived from ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
It has been observed that the use of the anti-solar polymers of the present invention in cosmetic compositions is highly advantageous since the linking of the F or F.sub.1 residue to the macromolecular chain avoids or at least significantly retards the migration of an otherwise non-linked absorbent moiety through the skin into the human body thereby avoiding any undesirable side effects which have been experienced in the use of heretofore known anti-solar filters.
The importance of this feature can be easily appreciated especially since repeated applications of the anti-solar compositions of this invention are generally not necessary to achieve the desired results which thereby avoids any substantial risk of a massive absorption of the filter compounds into the body.
The anti-solar polymers of this invention generally have an average molecular weight generally between 2000 and 1,000,000. The radical in formula I above, represented by F, can be derived from a variety of aromatic compounds. Representative radicals include aryl, alkyl aryl, alkenylaryl, each of which can optionally be substituted, as well as aromatic heterocylic radicals, also optionally substituted.
In particular the radical F can be selected from the group consisting of: ##STR7## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms; ##STR8## wherein R.sub.3 represents hydrogen or methoxy; ##STR9## wherein R.sub.4 represents -- S -- CF.sub.3 or -- CF.sub.3 ; ##STR10## wherein R.sub.4 has the meaning given above, ##STR11##
Because of the variety of the nature of the radicals F and F.sub.1 that can be linked to the polymer chain, it is possible to fully cover the erythematous zone simply by a judicious selection of the appropriate compounds to be linked to said polymer chain.
The anti-solar polymers of the present invention can be either homopolymers, copolymers, terpolymers and the like.
Thus, in the homopolymers of this invention, in the repeating unit defined by formulas I and II the values of F and F.sub.1 are the same whereas in a group of copolymers of this invention, in the said repeating unit, the values of F and/or F.sub.1 can be different.
The ability to obtain copolymers having fixed on their macromolecular chains F and/or F.sub.1 radicals or differing structures is a highly desirable feature since by choosing the appropriate compounds, it is thus possible to provide a single copolymer which can cover the entire erythematous zone, thereby producing an anti-solar filter of great efficacy.
The polymers of the invention can also be bipolymers, terpolymers or the like, and they can include, at the same time, (1) units of formula I or II wherein F or F.sub.1 is the same, and one or more other units can be derived from ethylenically unsaturated monomers, or (2) units of formula I or II wherein the F and/or F.sub.1 radicals are different, and one or more other units can be derived from ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
The selection of the ethylenically unsaturated monomers or comonomers for use in the production of the polymers of the present invention is generally dependent on the function of the desired use of the resulting composition or, more exactly, on the type of formulation that is desired. The amount of ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the copolymer is about 20-90 percent of the total wegiht of the copolymer.
Thus it is possible to impart to the anti-solar polymers of this invention different characteristics by varying the nature of the comonomer used.
Representative comonomers include:
(a) N-vinylpyrrolidone,
(b) N-methacryloyl D-glucosamine,
(c) dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate
(d) stearyl methacrylate
(e) stearyl acrylate and
(f) vinyl stearate
The first three of these comonomers generally increase the solubility of the resulting polymer in aqueous solutions while the last three ordinarily increase the solubility of the polymer in oil.
In another embodiment of the present invention the copolymers can have the formula ##STR12## wherein F has the meaning given above,
R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or methyl and
Y represents a radical selected from the group consisting of ##STR13## wherein X represents D-glucosamine, dimethylamino ethyl optionally quaternized and C.sub.18 H.sub.37, and ##STR14##
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the copolymers can have the formula: ##STR15## wherein F.sub.1 has the meaning given above,
R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or methyl and
Y represents a member selected from the group consisting of ##STR16## wherein X represents dimethylamino ethyl optionally quaternized and C.sub.18 H.sub.37, ##STR17## wherein A is D-glucosamine radical.
According to this embodiment, the anti-solar polymers have a content of units of formula II generally between 15 and 100%, and preferably between 20 and 80% by weight, relative to the total weight of the polymer.
The amount of the comonomer present in the anti-solar polymer of formula III of the present invention is variable but it is generally between about 20 and 90% of the total weight of the polymer, and preferably between 20 and 85%.
This latter content, as can be seen, can vary rather widely and the particular content selected can depend, for instance, on the particular use chosen for the resulting polymer.
Also, the anti-solar polymers of formula II are characterized in that the weight of the repeating unit is between about 10-100%, generally between 15-100% of the total weight of the polymer, and preferably between 20 and 80%.
The present invention also relates to a process for preparing the said anti-solar polymers.
In one embodiment the polymers of formulas I and II can be prepared according to two distinct processes.
(1) The first process comprises homopolymerizing or copolymerizing in a first stage one or more comonomers with a monomer of the formula ##STR18## wherein X is a halogen, and in a second stage, reacting the thus formed homopolymer or copolymer with at least one alkaline salt of an aromatic compound of the formula ##STR19## wherein F and F.sub.1 have the same meanings given above, in amounts corresponding to the desired polymer.
(2) The second process comprises preparing in a first stage a monomer, designated a "solar-filter monomer", of the formula ##STR20## wherein F and F.sub.1 have the same meanings given above, either of these said monomers in a second stage then being homopolymerized or copolymerized with one or more other comonomers.
In these two processes, the polymerization reactions are identical and can be effected according to conventional polymerization reactions, i.e. in mass, in solution, in suspension or in emulsion.
The polymerization initiators utilized are generally conventional free radical polymerization initiators and the choice of any one particular initiator can depend principally on the different monomers used as well as on the nature of reaction medium selected.
Representative usable initiators include the peroxides, such as benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, tertiobutyl hydroperoxide or benzoyl hydroperoxide, a catalyst which by decompositon liberates an inert gas, such as azobisisobutyonitrile, an oxidation-reduction catalyst such as sodium persulfate, sodium sulfite and H.sub.2 O.sub.2. The concentration of the initiator is generally between about 0.2-35 weight percent, preferably between 0.5-20 weight percent, of the total weight of the monomer content.
The molecular weight of the anti-solar polymers of the present invention can be regulated by introducing, during the course of polymerization reaction, small amounts, i.e. about 0.05-0.15 weight percent of a chain regulating agent such as an aldehyde, for instance, butyraldehyde or a halogenated substance such as chloroform, bromoform, carbon tetrachloride, and the like.
At the end of the polymerization reaction, the polymer obtained can, if desired, be purified by, for example, treating it with an ion exchange resin.
The present invention also relates to an anti-solar cosmetic composition containing as the active component for absorbing wave length of light in the range of 280 to 315 millimicrons at least one anti-solar polymer as described above.
These cosmetic compositions can be present in diverse forms, the choice of any particular form being dependent upon the desired use of the composition. Preferably, these compositions are present in the form of an aqueous emulsion, lotion, cream, milk, gel or in the form of an aerosol. These compositions can also be present in the form of an aqueous or hydroalcoholic (ethanol or isopropanol) solution or even in the form of an oily solution.
When the compositions of the present invention are present in the form of an aerosol, they are packaged under pressure in a conventional aerosol bomb or container in the presence of a propellant gas which is preferably a halogenated hydrocarbon or a mixture of said hydrocarbons, such as, for example, mixtures of trichlorofluoromethane and dichlorodifluoromethane.
In these cosmetic compositions, the concentration of the polymers described above can be varied for any particular concentration can depend on the degree of protection desired. However, the concentration of the anti-solar polymer in these compositions is generally between about 0.2-20% by weight of the total composition.
These anti-solar cosmetic compositions can also contain conventional cosmetic adjuvants such as fatty bodies (oils, fats and waxes), emulsifying agents, surfactants, perfumes, silicone oils, pigments, dyes or preservatives.
The incorporation into these compositions of colored pigments also permits coloring the skin and masking skin flaws.
By applying to the skin the composition of the present invention, there is formed a film exhibiting good affinity vis-a-vis the epidermis, thus assuring excellent protection against wave lengths of light in the erythematous zone.
The present anti-solar polymers have been found to be non-toxic and their excellent protective action is 2-3 times greater than achieved by the same F or F.sub.1 compound but which is not fixed to a polymer.
In addition to this protective action of the skin vis-a-vis solar rays, the polymers of the present invention can also be used to protect, against degradation, dyes contained in various cosmetic formulations such as for example a hair dye composition, a hair tinting composition and the like.
In the following examples, the absorbing strength of the "solar-filter monomer" has been described by means of its Ksp which is a function of the quantity of the filtering substance contained in the sample, of the optical density measured and of a constant depending on the particular apparatus used to measure the optical density.
The definition of Ksp which is given in "Introduction to Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry" by Gillam and Stern, Arnold Ed., London, 1954 page 10, is:
K specific = Ksp = K/c
where K = d/l and c = concentration of the solution in g/ml, d = measured optical density and 1 = thickness of the cell of the apparatus, expressed in cm.

The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all parts and percentages are by weight.
EXAMPLE 1
Preparation of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl cinnamate of the formula: ##STR21##
Into a 500 ml flask provided with a condenser, a nitrogen lead in tube and an agitator, there are introduced 4.8 g of sodium hydride (50% suspension in oil) and 50 g of dimethyl formamide. To this resulting mixture, there are slowly introduced 14.8 g of cinnamic acid in 50 ml of dimethylformamide.
The reaction is exothermic and the temperature is maintained at 40.degree. C by cooling.
The mixture is left to stand for 24 hours at ambient temperature. Then there are introduced 12 g of vinyl chloroacetate. The resulting solution is stirred for 24 hours at ambient temperature.
Sulfuric ether is then added and the organic layer is washed several times with water.
After drying and evaporation, the resulting residue is recrystallized in petroleum ether, yielding 14 g of pure product.
Melting point = 60.degree. C
.lambda..sub.max.sup.MeOH = 277 millimicrons
EXAMPLE 2
Preparation of copolymer of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl cinnamate/stearyl methacrylate (Process 2)
2 g of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl cinnamate prepared according to Example 1 are copolymerized with 1 g of stearyl methacrylate in solution in 2 g of acetone, in the presence of 0.3 g of azobis-isobutyronitrile.
The polymer is precipitated in sulfuric ether, yielding 1 g of pure polymer.
.lambda..sub.max.sup.Hexane = 275 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 9,500
EXAMPLE 3
Preparation of a copolymer of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl cinnamate/vinyl stearate (Process 1)
Into a 500 ml flask provided with a condenser, a nitrogen lead in tube and an agitator and containing 4.8 g of sodium hydride (50% suspension in oil) and 100 g of dimethylformamide, there is slowly introduced a solution of 14.8 g of cinnamic acid in solution in 50 g of dimethylformamide.
The resulting mixture is agitated, initially, for 2 hours at ambient temperature and then for 4 hours at 50.degree. C. Thereafter, 40 g of a copolymer composed of 30% vinylchloroacetate and 70% vinyl stearate (MW = 40,000) are added.
The resulting mixture is agitated overnight at 140.degree. C, after which it is filtered, concentrated and taken up in benzene.
After filtering, the polymer is precipitated in methanol, yielding 45 g of pure polymer.
.lambda..sub.max.sup.Hexane = 274 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 30,400
EXAMPLE 4
Preparation of a copolymer of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl cinnamate/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (Process 2)
2 g of vinyloxycarbonyl methyl cinnamate, prepared in accordance with Example 1, are copolymerized with 1 g of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate in solution in 6 g of dioxane, in the presence of 0.3 g of azobis-isobutyronitrile.
The resulting solution is agitated for 24 hours at 80.degree. C. There is then introduced 1 g of dimethyl sulfate in solution in 48 g of methanol.
The temperature is maintained for 4 hours at 80.degree. C, and the polymer is then precipitated in ethyl acetate, yielding 1.3 g of pure polymer.
.lambda..sub.max.sup.EtOH - H.sbsp.2.sup.O = 276 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 9,000
EXAMPLE 5
Preparation of a copolymer of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl 4-methoxy cinnamate/vinyl stearate (Process 1)
Into a 500 ml flask provided with a condenser, a nitrogen lead in tube and an agitator, and containing 88 g of sodium hydride in a 50% suspension in oil and 100 g of dimethylformamide, there are slowly introduced 18 g of 4-methoxy cinnamic acid in solution in 70 ml of dimethylformamide.
The resulting mixture is agitated initially for 24 hours at ambient temperature and then at 140.degree. C for 8 hours. There are then introduced 40 g of a copolymer composed of 30% vinyl chloroacetate and 70% vinyl stearate (MW = 40,000) in solution in 100 ml of dimethylformamide. The mixture is agitated at 140.degree. C for 15 hours after which the polymer is precipitated in 2 liters of water, taken up in hot benzene, filtered and precipitated in methanol, yielding 40 g of pure polymer.
.lambda..sub.max 1.sup.Hexane = 298 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 37,000
.lambda..sub.max 2.sup.Hexane = 306 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 37,000
EXAMPLE 6
Preparation of a copolymer of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl 4-methoxy cinnamate/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with dimethyl sulfate (Process 1)
The same quantity of solution of sodium 4-methoxy cinnamate, prepared in Example 5, is poured into a flask containing 40 g of a copolymer composed of 30% vinyl chloroacetate and 70% dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with dimethyl sulfate (MW = 50,000) in solution in 100 ml of dimethylformamide.
The resulting mixture is agitated at 140.degree. C for 15 hours, after which the polymer is precipitated in petroleum ether, yielding 25 g of pure polymer.
.lambda..sub.max 1.sup.EtOH - H.sbsp.2.sup.O = 298 millicron
K.sub.sp = 32,000
.lambda..sub.max 2.sup.EtOH - H.sbsp.2.sup.O = 306 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 32,000
EXAMPLE 7
Preparation of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl-4-N,N-dimethylamino benzoate of the formula ##STR22##
Into a 125 ml reactor provided with a condenser, a nitrogen lead in tube and an agitator and containing 1.66 g of sodium hydride (50% suspension in oil) and 20 g of dimethylformamide, there is introduced, little by little, a solution of 6.6 g of 4-N,N-dimethylamino benzoic acid in solution in 30 g of dimethylformamide while maintaining the temperature at 30.degree. C by cooling the same.
The solution is left to stand with stirring for 12 hours. Then there are introduced 4.8 g of vinyl chloroacetate and the mixture is left to stand for 12 hours at ambient temperature.
The solution is poured into water and the resulting precipitate is filtered and dried under reduced pressure. After recrystallization in methanol, 4.8 g of pure product are obtained.
Melting point = 80.degree. C
.lambda..sub.max.sup.EtOH = 313 millimicrons
EXAMPLE 8
Preparation of a copolymer of vinyloxy carbonylmethyl-4-N,N-dimethylamino benzoate, 2.5 g of stearyl methacrylate, 0.25 g of azobis-isobutyronitrile and 12 ml of benzene
The solution is heated for 16 hours at 80.degree. C, then poured into 800 ml of a 50:50 mixture of ethanol and methanol, yielding 2 g of pure product.
.lambda..sub.max.sup.CHCl.sbsp.3 = 311 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 20,400
EXAMPLE 9
Preparation of a copolymer of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl-4-N,N-dimethylamino benzoate/N-vinylpyrrolidone (Process 1)
Into a 100 ml flask provided with a condenser, a nitrogen lead in tube and an agitator and containing 1.66 g of sodium hydride (50% suspension in oil) and 20 g of dimethylformamide, there is introduced, little by little, a solution of 6.6 g of 4-N,N-dimethylamino benzoic acid in solution in 30 ml of dimethylformamide while maintaining the temperature at 30.degree. C, by cooling.
The solution is left to stand at rest for 12 hours. There are then introduced 10 g of a copolymer composed of 35% vinyl chloroacetate and 65% N-vinylpyrrolidone (MW = 40,000) in 50 ml of dimethylformamide.
The resulting solution is left to stand for 24 hours at 50.degree. C after which it is poured into 2 liters of sulfuric ether. The resulting precipitate is filtered and then dried under reduced pressure, yielding 8 g of pure product. MW = 30,000.
.lambda..sub.max.sup.EtOH = 312 mm
K.sub.sp = 41,000
EXAMPLE 10
Preparation of a copolymer of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl-4-N,N-dimethylamino benzoate/vinyl stearate (Process 1)
Into a 100 ml flask provided with a condenser a nitrogen lead in tube and an agitator and containing 0.48 g of sodium hydride (50% suspension in oil) and 20 ml of dimethylformamide, there are introduced 1.65 g of 4-N,N-dimethylamino benzoic acid in solution in 20 ml of dimethylformamide.
The reaction is exothermic and the temperature is maintained at 40.degree. C by cooling.
The resulting solution is agitated for 24 hours at ambient temperature after which there are introduced 4 g of a copolymer composed of 30% vinyl chloroacetate and 70% of vinyl stearate (MW - 40,000) in solution in 20 ml of dimethylformamide. The temperature is held at 100.degree. C for 24 hours and then the solution is poured into methanol.
The resulting precipitate, after filtration, is dried under reduced pressure, yielding 1.5 g of pure polymer.
.lambda..sub.max.sup.Hexane = 303 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 37,000
EXAMPLE 11
Preparation of a copolymer of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl 4-N,N-dimethylamino benzoate/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with dimethyl sulfate (Process 2)
2 g of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl 4-N,N-dimethyl benzoate, prepared according to Example 7, are copolymerized with 1 g of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate in solution in 6 g of dioxane in the presence of 0.3 g of azobis-isobutyronitrile.
The resulting solution is agitated for 24 hours at 80.degree. C. There is then introduced 1 g of dimethyl sulfate in solution in 4 g of methanol. The temperature is held at 80.degree. C for 4 hours after which the polymer is precipitated in ethyl acetate, yielding 1.1 g of pure polymer.
.lambda..sub.max.sup.EtOH - H.sbsp.2.sup.O = 313 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 30,000
EXAMPLE 12
Preparation of vinyloxycarbonyl methyl salicylate of the formula ##STR23##
Into a 250 ml flask provided with a condenser, a nitrogen lead in tube and an agitator, there are introduced 16 g of sodium salicylate, 12 g of vinyl chloroacetate and 30 g of dimethylformamide.
The resulting solution is left to stand with agitation for 3 days at ambient temperature after which it is poured into chloroform.
After the addition of sulfuric ether thereto and after decanting the same, the etherified layers are separated and washed with water.
The ether is then distilled off to provide an oil which is purified by distillation (12 g).
Boiling point = 120.degree.-124.degree. C under 0.05 mm Hg
.lambda..sub.max.sup.MeOH = 305 millimicrons
EXAMPLE 13
Preparation of a copolymer of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl salicylate/vinyl stearate (Process 2)
Into a 25 ml flask provided with a condenser, a nitrogen lead in tube and an agitator, there are introduced 2 g of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl salicylate, 1 g of vinyl stearate and 0.3 g of azobis-isobutyronitrile and 6 ml of acetone.
The mixture is heated to reflux for 24 hours, after which it is poured into methanol. The resulting precipitate is then filtered and dried, yielding 1.2 g of pure polymer.
.lambda..sub.max.sup.CHCl.sbsp.3 = 309 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 11,300
EXAMPLE 14
Preparation of copolymer of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl salicylate/vinyl stearate (Process 1)
Into a 50 ml flask provided with a condenser, a nitrogen lead in tube and an agitator, there are introduced 1.6 g of sodium salicylate, 4 g of a copolymer composed of 30% vinylchloroacetate and 70% of vinyl stearate (MW = 40,000) and 20 g of dimethylformamide.
The temperature is held at 140.degree. C for 15 hours, at which time a portion of the dimethylformamide is distilled off and the remaining solution is poured into lukewarm napthonol.
3.6 g of pure polymer are obtained.
.lambda..sub.max.sup.Hexane = 309 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 7,300
EXAMPLE 15
Preparation of a copolymer of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl salicylate/stearyl methacrylate (Process 2)
Into a 25 ml flask provided with a condenser, a nitrogen lead in tube and an agitator, there are introduced 2 g of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl salicylate, 1 g of stearyl methacrylate, 0.3 g of azobis-isobutyronitrile and 3 ml of acetone.
The resulting mixture is heated at reflux for 24 hours after which it is poured into methanol. The resulting precipitate is filtered and then dissolved in chloroform and reprecipitated in methanol, yielding 1.5 g of pure polymer.
.lambda..sub.max.sup.CHCl.sbsp.3 = 309 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 11,000
EXAMPLE 16
Preparation of a copolymer of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl salicylate/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with dimethyl sulfate (Process 1)
2 g of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl salicylate prepared in accordance with Example 12, are copolymerized with 1 g of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate in solution in 6 g of dioxane in the presence of 0.3 g of azobis-isobutyronitrile.
The solution is agitated for 24 hours at 80.degree. C after which there is introduced 1 g of dimethyl sulfate in solution in 4 g of methanol. The temperature is held for 4 hours at 80.degree. C. The polymer is then precipitated with ethyl acetate, yielding 1 g of pure polymer.
.lambda..sub.max.sup.EtOH - H.sbsp.2.sup.O = 304 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 11,000
EXAMPLE 17
Preparation of a copolymer of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl flufenate/N-vinylpyrrolidone (Process 1)
(a) Preparation of copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidonevinyl chloroacetate
Into a 1 liter flask, provided with a condenser filled with solid carbon dioxide, a nitrogen inlet, a dropping funnel and a mechanical agitator, there are introduced 1 g of azobis-isobutyronitrile in solution in 100 g of absolute ethanol, 63.2 g of N-vinylpyrrolidone and 36.8 g of vinyl chloroacetate.
The resulting solution is heated at 80.degree. C for 9 hours with agitation. After 1 hour of the polymerization reaction, the reaction mixture thickens. There are then introduced through the dropping funnel 200 ml of absolute ethanol over a one hour period.
The polymer is obtained under the form of a powder by pouring the ethanolic solution into sulfuric ether. Then the resulting polymer is redissolved in ethanol and reprecipitated in sulfuric ether, filtered and dried at 40.degree. C under reduced pressure.
Yield = 75%; MW = 40,000 by osmometry in solution in dioxane.
Elementary analysis shows that the copolymer contains 34% vinylchloroacetate and 66% N-vinylpyrrolidone.
(b) Preparation of the sodium salt of flufenamic acid
Into a 1 liter flask provided with a condenser, a dropping funnel and a nitrogen inlet, there are introduced 10.4 g of sodium hydride (58% suspension in oil) and 200 ml of anhydrous dimethylformamide. Then there is slowly introduced, with agitation, a solution of 70.4 g of 3'-trifluoromethyl-2-carboxylic acid diphenylamine (flufenamic acid) in solution in 300 ml of dimethylformamide. At the end of the addition, the temperature is held at 50.degree. C for 1 hour by means of an oil bath. The mixture is then left to cool with the solution being left to stand at rest overnight.
(c) Reaction of the sodium salt of flufenamic acid with the copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl chloroacetate
110 g of the copolymer, prepared in accordance with paragraph (a) above, are put into solution in 400 g of dimethylformamide. This solution is introduced into the flask containing the solution of the sodium salt of flufenamic acid. The resulting mixture is then heated by an oil bath at 50.degree. C for 24 hours. The reaction product is then poured, little by little, into 5 liters of water. The resulting white precipitate is filtered, dissolved in acetone and precipitated in sulfuric ether. The polymer thus obtained is dried at 40.degree. C under reduced pressure.
Yield: 80%
Viscosity: 2.34 cps
.lambda..sub.max.sup.EtOH = 288 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 20,500
Spectrographic content of the polymer in flufenamic acid = 37%.
This polymer can be purified by treating it with an ion exchange resin.
EXAMPLE 18
Preparation of vinyloxycarbonyl-methyl flufenate of the formula: ##STR24##
Into a solution of the sodium salt of flufenamic acid, identical to that described in Example 17, paragraph (b), there are slowly introduced 30 g of vinyl chloroacetate diluted with 100 ml of dimethylformamide. The resulting solution is left to stand for 24 hours at ambient temperature with agitation. The mixture is then poured, little by little, into 2 liters of water.
The monomer is isolated under the form of a light yellow powder which is recovered and put into solution in sulfuric ether. The solution is initially washed with N/10 NaOH and then with water until the wash water is neutral. After drying the ether extract on sodium sulfate, the ether is evaporated under reduced pressure, this yielding 60 g of crystalline product which is recrystallized in heptane.
Yield: 66%
Melting point: 61.degree. C
.lambda..sub.max 1.sup.Hexane = 221 millimicrons
.lambda..sub.max 2.sup.Hexane = 285 millimicrons
.lambda..sub.max 3.sup.Hexane = 350 millimicrons
EXAMPLE 19
Preparation of a copolymer of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl flufenate/vinyl stearate (Process 2)
1 g of vinyloxycarbonyl-methyl flufenate, obtained in accordance with Example 18, 1 g of vinyl stearate and 0.2 g of azobis-isobutyronitrile are dissolved in 2 g of acetone. The resulting solution is heated for 24 hours at 80.degree. C, left to cool, and then diluted with 4 g of hexane. The solution obtained is then poured, little by little, into 1 liter of absolute ethanol. The resulting polymer precipiates in the form of a powder and is isolated in a conventional manner. There are thus obtained 1.5 g of pure polymer after drying at 40.degree. C uncer reduced pressure.
.lambda..sub.max.sup.E.tau.OH = 288 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 20,000
EXAMPLE 20
Preparation of a homopolymer of vinyloxycarbonylmethyl flufenate
70 g of vinyloxycarbonyl-methyl flufenate, obtained in accordance with the process of Example 18, and 3.5 g of azobis-isobutyronitrile are dissolved in 70 g of acetone. The resulting solution is heated at 80.degree. C for 18 hours after which there are introduced 3.5 g of additional azobis-isobutyronitrile. The resulting solution is heated for another 24 hours at the same temperature. The solution thus obtained is diluted with 140 ml of acetone, filtered and poured into 2 liters of absolute ethanol. The resulting polymer is recovered in the form of a white powder which is dissolved in 250 ml of dioxane. On its addition to 2 liters of absolute ethanol, previously maintained at 50.degree. C, the polymer precipitates on cooling.
The precipitated polymer is filtered, and then dried under reduced pressure, yielding 58 g of pure polymer.
Molecular weight = 18,500 (by osometry in solution in toluene).
.lambda..sub.max.sup.CHCl.sbsp.3 = 288 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 35,000
EXAMPLE 21
Preparation of a copolymer of vinyl stearate/vinyloxycarbonyl-methyl 4-methoxy cinnamate/vinyloxycarbonylmethyl-4-N,N-dimethylamino benzoate/vinyloxycarbonyl-methyl flufenate (Process 1)
Into a 500 ml flask provided with a condenser, a nitrogen lead in tube and an agitator and containing 4.8 g of sodium hydride (50% suspension in oil) and 50 g of dimethylformamide, there are introduced, little by little, 6.8 g of 4-methoxy cinnamic acid, 5 g of 4-N,N-dimethylamino benzoic acid, and 8.4 g of flufenamic acid in solution in 50 g of dimethylformamide. The temperature is maintained at 30.degree. C by cooling.
The mixture is stirred overnight at 50.degree. C, after which there are then introduced 40 g of a polymer composed of 70% vinyl stearate and 30% vinylchloroacetate (MW = 40,000) in solution in 100 g of dimethylformamide.
The resulting solution is agitated for 10 hours at 100.degree. C and the polymer is then precipitated in lukewarm water. After filtering, the polymer is dissolved in benzene and precipitated in methanol. The polymer thus obtained is dried under reduced pressure at 40.degree. C.
.lambda..sub.max 1.sup.CHCl.sbsp.3 = 311 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 28,400
.lambda..sub.max 2.sup.CHCl.sbsp.3 = 300 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 26,200
EXAMPLE 22
Preparation of a copolymer of vinyl stearate/vinyloxycarbonyl-methyl 4-methoxy cinnamate/vinyloxycarbonylmethyl cinnamate/vinyloxycarbonyl-methyl 4-N,N-dimethylamino benzoate (Process 1)
Into a 500 ml flask provided with a condenser, a nitrogen lead in tube and an agitator, and containing 4.8 g of sodium hydride (50% suspension in oil) and 50 g of dimethylformamide, there is introduced, little by solution of 6.8 g of 4-methoxy cinnamic acid, 5 g of 4-N,N-dimethylamino benzoic acid and 4.4 g of cinnamic acid in solution in 50 g of dimethylformamide.
The temperature is maintained at 30.degree. C by cooling. The mixture is then agitated overnight at 50.degree. C, after which there are introduced 40 g of a copolymer composed of 70% vinyl stearate and 30% vinylchloroacetate (MW = 40,000) in solution in 100 g of dimethylformamide.
The solution is agitated for 10 hours at 100.degree. C. The polymer is precipitated in lukewarm, filtered and then dissolved in benzene. The polymer is precipitated again in methanol and dried at 40.degree. C under reduced pressure.
.lambda..sub.max.sup.CHCl.sbsp.3 = 295 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 28,600
.lambda..sub.max 2.sup.CHCl.sbsp.3 = 310 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 28,600
EXAMPLE 23
Preparation of a copolymer of stearyl acrylate/3-(acrylamidomethylbenzylidene) DL camphor/vinyloxycarbonylmethyl-4-N,N-dimethylamino benzoate (Process 1)
(a) Into a 250 ml flask provided with a condenser, a nitrogen lead in tube and an agitator, there are introduced 10 g of vinyl chloroacetate, 20 g of stearyl arcylate, 10 g of 3-(acrylamido methylbenzylidene) DL camphor, 4 g of azobisisobutyronitrile and 80 g of acetone.
The resulting solution is heated with stirring at the reflux of acetone for 24 hours. On cooling, a precipitate is formed which is redissolved by the addition thereto of chloroform. The solution is filtered and precipitated in absolute ethanol, yielding 25 g of pure polymer.
.lambda..sub.max.sup.CHCl.sbsp.3 = 295 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 15,700
(b) Into a 100 ml flask, there are introduced 0.48 g of sodium hydride (50% suspension in oil) and 10 g of dimethylformamide. There is then introduced, little by little, a solution of 2 g of 4-N,N-dimethylamino benzoic acid in solution in 10 g of dimethylformamide.
The resulting mixture is left to stand for 24 hours at ambient temperature with stirring.
(c) 12 g of the copolymer obtained in accordance with paragraph (a) are dissolved in 36 g of dimethylformamide and the solution is poured into the mixture obtained in accordance with paragraph (b). The resulting reaction mixture is heated for 10 hours at 50.degree. C, after which it is precipitated in water. After filtering, the polymer obtained is dried under reduced pressure.
.lambda..sub.max.sup.CHCl.sbsp.3 = 299 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 20,000
EXAMPLE 24
Preparation of N-vinylpyrrolidone/vinyloxycarbonylmethyl 2-cyano-3, 3-diphenyl acrylate
Into a round bottom flask there are introduced under nitrogen gas 25 g of dimethyl formamide, 0.66 g of sodium hydride (in a 55% suspension in oil) and 4.13 g of 2-cyano-3, 3-diphenyl acrylic acid while maintaining the temperature at 25.degree. C for 2 hours. The resulting reaction mixture is then heated to 50.degree. C and there are introduced therein 10 g of a copolymer composed of 80% N-vinylpyrrolidone and 20% vinyl chloroacetate, in solution in 40 g of DMF dimethylformamide. The reaction mixture is maintained at 50.degree. C for 24 hours at which time it is cooled and thereafter poured slowly into 700 ml of ethylether. The above polymer which precipitates is then filtered and dried under reduced pressure.
11.5 g of the anti-solar polymer which is soluble in water are obtained.
Yield = 78%
.lambda..sub.max.sup.DMF = 298 millimicrons;
K.sub.sp = 8,850
In a similar manner, by replacing 2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylic acid by an equivalent amount of 3,4-dimethoxy phenylglyoxylic acid,3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid,3-coumarincarboxylic acid, monomethylanthranilic acid or dimethylanthranilic acid, the following corresponding copolymers are obtained:
copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone/vinyloxycarbonylmethyl (3, 4-dimethoxy) phenylglyoxylate;
copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone/vinyloxycarbonylmethyl (3-hydroxy) 2-naphthoate;
copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone/vinyloxycarbonylmethyl 3-coumarincarboxylate;
copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone/vinyloxycarbonylmethyl monomethylanthranilate; and
copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone/vinyloxycarbonylmethyl dimethylanthranilate.
EXAMPLE 25
Preparation of vinyl stearate/vinyloxycarbonylmethyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylate
Into a round bottom flask there are introduced under nitrogen gas, 20 g of dimethylformamide, 15.9 g of sodium hydride in a 55% suspension in oil and 89.6 g of 2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylic acid. The resulting mixture is maintained at 25.degree. C for 2 hours; then it is heated to 50.degree. C. Thereafter there are introduced 100 g of a copolymer composed of 60% vinyl stearate and 40% vinyl chloroacetate, in solution in 1 liter of dimethyl formamide, while maintaining the temperature at 50.degree. C for 24 hours. After cooling, the mixture is poured slowly into 10 liters of water, then filtered. The recovered polymer is re-dissolved in a mixture composed of 500 ml of ethyl acetate and 500 ml of chloroform then poured into 6 liters of methanol. 160 g of the anti-solar polymer which is soluble in oil are obtained.
Yield: 87%
.lambda..sub.max.sup.CHCl.sbsp.3 = 309 millimicrons
K.sub.sp = 23,800
In a similar fashion, by replacing 2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylic acid with an equivalent amount of (3,4-dimethoxy) phenylglyoxylic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 3-coumarin-carboxylic acid, monomethylanthranilic acid or dimethylanthranilic acid, the following corresponding polymers are obtained:
copolymer of vinyl stearate/vinyloxycarbonylmethyl (3,4-dimethoxy) phenylglyoxylate;
copolymer of vinyl stearate/vinyloxycarbonylmethyl (3-hydroxy)-2-naphthoate;
copolymer of vinyl stearate/vinyloxycarbonylmethyl 3-coumarin-carboxylate;
copolymer of vinyl stearate/vinyloxycarbonylmethyl monomethyl-anthranilate; and
copolymer of vinyl stearate/vinyloxycarbonylmethyl dimethylanthranilate.
EXAMPLES OF COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS
EXAMPLES 26-30
An anti-solar oil composition in accordance with the present invention is prepared by admixing the following components:
______________________________________Polymer of Example 2 10gPerfume 0.5gButylated hydroxytoluene 0.0625g (antioxidant)Colza oil, q.s.p. 100g______________________________________
The above formulation is repeated except that the polymer of Example 2 is replaced by the same quantity of the polymer prepared according to each of Examples 3, 8, 14 and 15. A comparatively advantageous anti-solar oil composition results in each instance.
EXAMPLES 31-34
An anti-solar lotion in accordance with the present invention is prepared by admixing the following components:
______________________________________Polymer of Example 5 5gLanolin 2.5gButylated hydroxyanisole(antioxidant) 0.0625gTriglycerides of octanoicand decanoic acids 40gEthyl alcohol (96%) q.s.p. 100g______________________________________
The above formulation is repeated except that the polymer of Example 5 is replaced by the same quantity of the polymer prepared according to each of Examples 9, 10 and 13. A comparably advantageous anti-solar lotion results in each instance.
EXAMPLES 35-40
An anti-solar aerosol formulation is prepared by admixing the following components and packaging the same in an aerosol container under pressure:
______________________________________Polymer of Example 8 5gAbsolute ethyl alcohol 30gIsopropyl myristate 20gRicin oil 2gLanolin 2gPerfume 1gDichlorodifluoromethane 40g______________________________________
The above aerosol formulation is repeated except that the polymer of Example 8 is replaced by the same quantity of the polymer prepared according to each of Examples 5, 10, 21, 22 and 23. A comparably effective anti-solar aerosol composition results in each instance.
EXAMPLES 41-44
An anti-solar aerosol foam composition according to the present invention is prepared by admixing the following components:
______________________________________Polymer of Example 13 10gStearic acid 0.5gLauric acid 0.5gPalmitic acid 2.5gVaseline oil 45.7gEthyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.3gTriethanolamine 1.5gReticulated polyacrylic acid,known under the trade nameCARBOPOL, (0.05% solutionin H.sub.2 O.sub.2)-carboxypolymethylene 38.5gPerfume 0.5g______________________________________
87g of the above composition are packaged under pressure in a conventional aerosol container or bomb together with 13g of dichlorodifluoromethane.
The above aerosol formulation is repeated except that the polymer of Example 13 is replaced by the same quantity of the polymer prepared in accordance with each of Examples 14, 15 and 19. A comparably effective anti-solar aerosol foam results in each instance.
EXAMPLES 45-46
An anti-solar cream is prepared in accordance with the present invention by admixing the following components:
______________________________________Polymer of Example 10 10gTriglycerides of octanoic anddecanoic acids 31gGlycerol monostearate 6gPolyethylene glycol stearate 2gStearic acid 2gCetyl alcohol 1.2gLanolin 4gSilicone oil 1gMethyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.3gPropylene glycol 2gTriethanolamine 0.1gPerfume 0.5gWater, q.s.p. 100g______________________________________
The above anti-solar cream formulation is repeated except that the polymer of Example 10 is replaced by the same quantity of the polymer prepared in accordance with Example 17. A comparably effective anti-solar cream results.
EXAMPLE 47
An anti-solar milk is prepared in accordance with the present invention by admixing the following components:
______________________________________Polymer of Example 20 5gCetyl-stearyl alcohol 2gCetyl alcohol 2gVaseline oil 20gLanolin 4gStearic acid 0.5gSilicone oil 0.3gPropyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.4gGlycerin 5gReticulated polyacrylic acidsold under the trade nameCARBOPOL (carboxypolymethy-lene) 0.15gTriethanolamine 0.20gPerfume 0.3gWater, q.s.p. 100g______________________________________
EXAMPLES 48-49
An anti-solar cream formulation in accordance with the present invention is prepared by admixing the following components:
______________________________________Polymer of Example 4 15gCetyl-stearyl alcohol 2gGlycerol monostearate 4gCetyl alcohol 4gVaseline oil 5gButyl stearate 5gPropylene glycol 7gSilicone oil 0.125gNon-ionic polymer of highmolecular weight sold underthe trade name POLYOX (5%solution in H.sub.2 O.sub.2) 3.5gMethyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.3gPerfume 0.4gWater, q.s.p. 100g______________________________________
The above anti-solar cream formulation is repeated except that the polymer of Example 4 is replaced by the same quantity of the polymer prepared in accordance with Example 6. A comparably effective anti-solar cream results.
EXAMPLE 50
An anti-solar milk in accordance with the present invention is prepared by admixing the following components:
______________________________________Polymer of Example 11 5gPolymer of Example 6 5gSipol wax 5gVaseline oil 6gIsopropyl myristate 3gPropyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.3gGlycerin 20gPerfume 0.5gWater, q.s.p. 100g______________________________________
EXAMPLE 51
An anti-solar aerosol foam composition in accordance with the present invention is prepared by admixing the following components:
______________________________________Polymer of Example 16 10gSipol wax 3.5gVaseline oil 6gIsopropyl myristate 3gMethyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.3gGlycerin 10gPerfume 0.3gWater, q.s.p. 100g______________________________________
87g of the above composition are packaged in a conventional aerosol container under pressure together with 13g of dichlorodifluoromethane.
EXAMPLE 52
An anti-solar cream is prepared by admixing the following components:
______________________________________Polymer of Example 24 15gCetylstearyl alcohol 2gGlycerol monostearate 4gCetyl alcohol 4gVaseline oil 5gButyl stearate 5gPropyleneglycol 7gSilicone oil 0.125gNonionic polymer of high molecularweight sold under the mark POLYOX(in a 5% solution in water) 3.5gMethyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.3gPerfume 0.5gWater, q.s.p. 100g______________________________________
EXAMPLE 53
An anti-solar oil is prepared by admixing the following components:
______________________________________Polymer of Example 25 10gPerfume 0.4gButylated hydroxytoluene 0.0625gColza oil, q.s.p. 100g______________________________________
USE OF ANTI-SOLAR COPOLYMERS TO PROTECT DYES
Example 54
A hair setting lotion for coloring hair is prepared in accordance with the present invention by admixing the following components:
______________________________________Copolymer of Example 11 0.3gCopolymer of vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate, 70/30, M.W. =40,000 2gEthyl alcohol 50gDye - CI Basic Violet 1(CI 42535) 0.002gWater, q.s.p. 100g______________________________________
Example 55
A hair setting lotion for coloring hair is prepared in accordance with the present invention by admixing the following components:
______________________________________Copolymer of Example 16 0.3gCopolymer of crotonic acid/vinylacetate, 90/10, M.W. = 40,000 2gEthyl alcohol 50gTriethanolamine, q.s.p. pH7Dye - CI Basic Violet 3(CI 42555) 0.002gDye - CI Basic Violet 1(CI 42535) 0.001gWater, q.s.p. 100g______________________________________

Number	Date	Country	Kind
76 23175	Jul 1976	FRX
65622	Jun 1972	LUX

Number	Name	Date
2853423	La Via	Sep 1958
3946035	Jacquet et al.	Mar 1976
4004074	Gerecht et al.	Jan 1977

Anti-solar polymers, method of making the same and cosmetic compositions containing the same

Information

Patent Number

Date Filed

Date Issued

Inventors

Original Assignees

Examiners

Agents

CPC

US Classifications

Field of Search

US

International Classifications

Abstract

Description

Claims

Priority Claims (2)

Parent Case Info

US Referenced Citations (3)

Continuation in Parts (1)