Patent Application
20230066008
The present invention relates to compositions and methods that can be used in the treatment of parasitic infestations, in particular ectoparasitic infestations of the skin.
The term infestation refers to parasitic diseases caused by animals such as arthropods (i.e. mites, ticks, and lice) and worms. An ectoparasitic infestation is a parasitic disease caused by organisms that live primarily on the surface of the host. Examples of ectoparasitic infestations are scabies, body lice, head lice, ticks and fleas.
Mites are among the smallest arthropods. The majority of mite species are harmless to humans or domestic animals, but a few species can colonise mammals and cause allergenic diseases. Many types of itchy skin rashes are caused by mites. Among these, scabies is caused by the parasitic mite Sarcoptesscabiei. Scabies is a contagious infestation transmitted by skin to skin contact and sometimes by contact with contaminated material. Scabies is transmitted by the female scabies mite, which burrows into the top layer of the epidermis to lay eggs, before dying 30 to 60 days later. If infestation occurs, the first papules appear within 2 to 5 weeks. The main symptom of scabies is a severe itch, which becomes particularly severe at night. Preferred regions of infestation are the areas where the skin is thin (Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 2016; 113:757-62/Supplementary material).
As the mites are localised in the stratum corneum, in the majority of the cases it is sufficient a topical treatment with an antiscabies to kill the mites, the larves and the eggs. One of the drugs of choice for the treatment of scabies is permethrin, as it is effective against different kinds of scabies independently from the age of the patients. On the market a cream 5% permethrin is available. The 5% permethrin cream contains 0.45 g benzyl alcohol per tube, which may cause allergic reactions, such as allergic contact dermatitis. Permethrin is also available in the market as a solution InfectoPedicul® 430 mg/100 ml for a one time treatment of the hair in case of head louses. The solution comprises among others ethanol 96%, 2-propanol and water.
Crotamiton is a scabicidal and antipruritic agent available as a cream or lotion for topical use only. It is a colorless to slightly yellowish oil, having a faint amine-like odor. It is miscible with alcohol and with methanol. Crotamiton is toxic to the scabies mite. Crotamiton is available as 10% lotion, cream and ointment as well as a 5% gel. The treatment requires 3 to 5 days to be effective.
Benzylbenzoate represents another option for treatment of scabies. This substance presents a good acaricide and ovocide effect. Commercial products containing benzylbenzoate comprise with propyleneglycol and cetylstearylalcohol potential contactallergenes. Available is an emulsion of benzylbenzoate in two concentrations 25% and 10% (Antiscabiosum®). The emulsion is applied for three consecutive days on the skin and only on the fourth day it can be removed by showering.
Demodex is a genus of tiny mites that live in or near hair follicles of mammals. Two species live on humans: Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis, both frequently referred to as eyelash mites. Both species are primarily found in the face, near the nose, the eyelashes, and eyebrows, but also occur elsewhere on the body. The mites may be eradicated with topical insecticides such as crotamiton cream, permethrin cream, ivermectin cream, and also with topical or systemic metronidazole.
Lice are barely visible wingless insects that infest the head, body, or pubic area and live by sucking blood. They spread easily from person to person by close contact and shared clothing and other personal items. Head lice and pubic lice live directly on the person, whereas body lice live on clothing and bedding.
To treat head lice non-prescription shampoos and creams containing pyrethrins plus piperonyl butoxide are applied for 10 minutes and are then rinsed out. Prescription permethrin (a synthetic form of pyrethrin), applied as a liquid or as a cream, is also effective. Lindane as a prescription drug can be applied as a lotion or shampoo. It also cures lice infestation but is not as effective as the other preparations.
All of these louse treatments are repeated in 7 to 10 days to kill newly hatched lice. Lice have started to become resistant to drugs and may be hard to kill. One dose of the drug ivermectin is usually given by mouth if lice resist standard treatment. Lice that affect the eyelashes can be treated with petroleum jelly applied for 8 to 10 days, fluorescein eye drops, ivermectin taken by mouth, petrolatum salve, physostigmine ointment, or careful removal of each louse with an instrument.
One of the disadvantages of the commercial antiparasitic compositions is that they comprise alcohol which causes additional irritation and pain to the skin, in particular in presence of lesions.
The majority of commercial antiparasitic compositions are semisolid formulation in form of gels, ointments or creams which are difficult to uniformly distribute over large areas of the skin or body surface and which are not self-spreading into difficult to reach areas of the body such as the back and skin folds. For example, scabies patients need to be hospitalized because it is impossible with existing products to self-treat large areas of the skin, such as the whole body surface.
EP2286663B1 describes alcohol free compositions comprising isopropyl myristate for use in methods of killing ectoparasites on a subject.
The objective of the present invention is to provide an antiparasitic composition for topical application to the skin of a subject and which may be used to treat parasitic infestations such as scabies, louses and ticks.
The object of the present invention is attained according to the claims. The present invention provides an antiparasitic composition comprising an antiparasitic agent and a semifluorinated alkane.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an antiparasitic composition comprising an antiparasitic agent and a semifluorinated alkane for use as a medicament, particularly for use in a method of treating a parasitic infestation.
In a third aspect, provided is also a method of topical application of an antiparasitic composition comprising applying with a wipe, a roll-on dispenser or a spray dispenser, an antiparasitic composition comprising an antiparasitic agent and a semifluorinated alkane.
In a fourth aspect, provided is a method of treating a parasitic infestation comprising topically applying an antiparasitic composition comprising an antiparasitic agent and a semifluorinated alkane to the skin of a subject in need thereof.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a kit comprising a) an antiparasitic composition comprising an antiparasitic agent and a semifluorinated alkane and b) a dispenser selected from a roll-on dispenser, a spray dispenser and a wipe.
The present inventors have found that an antiparasitic composition can be obtained by mixing an antiparasitic agent and a semifluorinated alkane. Said composition has the advantages of being free of alcohol, of being easy to spread on the skin, for example through a non-touch application using a roll-on dispenser, a wet wipe or a spray dispenser, therefore simplifying the application process to the skin of a subject. The composition of the present invention has the further advantage of not leaving greasy residues on the skin.
The composition of the present invention has the further advantage of allowing coverage of great or small areas of the skin easily and in a short time when applied through a roll-on dispenser or a spray dispenser or a wet wipe. The compositions of the present invention are characterized as being self-spreading, allowing coverage of difficult to reach areas such as the back or skin folds, easily and in a short time when applied through a non-touch application utilizing a spray dispenser, or a roll-on dispenser or a wet wipe.
The composition of the present invention is water-free and do not require preservatives, surfactants or additional penetration enhancers, all of which can lead to pain in inflamed skin and local tolerability issues during short- and long-term use.
The composition of the present invention can be differentiated from any cream, ointment or foam by the ease of application and improved cutaneous safety, especially when applied in sensitive or hard-to-treat areas such as the scalp, face, intertriginous, genitals, nails, hands and feet. It will be delivered as liquids using special containers designed for non-touch application. There will be no need to rub or massage the composition into the skin and it will be possible to put on clothing shortly after application of the composition without a long wait period for absorption into the skin. There will be no staining of fabrics, such as clothing, or bed sheets/pillows.
The present invention provides an antiparasitic composition comprising an antiparasitic agent and a semifluorinated alkane.
An antiparasitic agent is a drug used to treat parasitic diseases, such as those caused for example by ectoparasites and parasitic fungi. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the antiparasitic agent is an ectoparasiticidal agent. An ectoparasiticide is an antiparasitic drug used in the treatment of ectoparasitic infestations, that is drugs used to kill the parasites that live on the body surface. Preferably, the antiparasitic agent is an ectoparasiticide selected from the group consisting of a pyrethroid, pyrethrins, an anilide, a benzoate, more preferably a pyrethroid, a benzoate or an anilide, most preferably a pyrethroid or an anilide.
Anilides (or phenylamides) are a class of chemical compounds which are acyl derivatives of aniline. Pyrethroids are synthetic chemical insecticides whose chemical structures are adapted from the chemical structures of the pyrethrins, which are botanical insecticides derived from chrysanthemum flowers.
In a preferred embodiment, the antiparasitic agent is selected from permethrin, benzyl benzoate, and crotamiton. More preferably, the antiparasitic agent is selected from permethrin and crotamiton, most preferably permethrin.
In a further preferred embodiment, the antiparasitic agent is selected from permethrin, benzyl benzoate, crotamiton, ivermectin and lindane.
The antiparasitic agent may be present at a concentration of up to 10% w/v, preferably of up to 5 % w/v with respect to the total volume of the composition. In a preferred embodiment, the antiparasitic agent is present at a concentration of from 0.5% w/v to 10% w/v, preferably of from 0.5% w/v to 5% w/v with respect to the total volume of the composition. In a further preferred embodiment, the antiparasitic agent is present at a concentration of from 0.5% w/v to 1,5% w/v, preferably at a concentration of about 1% w/v with respect to the total volume of the composition.
Unless otherwise indicated, the term “% w/v” as used throughout herein in connection with the present composition denotes the amount of a component of a composition (such as, for example, the antiparasitic agent) as a weight percentage in relation to the total volume of the composition (with ‘w’ denoting the weight and ‘v’ denoting volume). For example, 0.05 % (w/v) may be understood as relating to 0.5 mg of a component in 1 mL of the composition, and 0.1 % (w/v) would correspond to 1.0 mg of a component in 1 mL of the composition.
The term “semifluorinated alkane”, also referred to as “SFA” throughout this document, as used herein refers to a linear or branched compound composed of at least one perfluorinated segment (F-segment) and at least one non-fluorinated hydrocarbon segment (H-segment). Preferably, the semifluorinated alkane is a linear or branched compound composed of one perfluorinated segment (F-segment) and one non-fluorinated hydrocarbon segment (H-segment). Preferably, said semifluorinated alkane is a compound that exists in a liquid state within the temperature range of 4° to 40° C.
It is preferred that the F- and the H-segment of the linear or branched semifluorinated alkane comprise, independently from one another, 2 to 10 carbon atoms. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the semifluorinated alkane is a linear compound of the formula (F(CF2)n(CH2)mH, wherein n and m are integers independently selected from each other from the range of 2 to 10.
According to another nomenclature, the linear semifluorinated alkane may be referred to as FnHm, wherein F means the perfluorinated hydrocarbon segment, H means the non-fluorinated hydrocarbon segment and n, m is the number of carbon atoms of the respective segment. For example, F4H5 is used for 1-perfluorobutyl-pentane. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the semifluorinated alkane is a semifluorinated alkane of formula F(CF2)n(CH2)mH wherein n is selected from 4 to 6 and m is selected from 5 to 10. More preferred is a semifluorinated alkane selected from the group consisting of F4H5, F4H6, F4H8, F4H10, F6H6, F6H8, F8H8, F6H10. Most preferred is a semifluorinated alkane selected from F4H8, F4H5, F6H6 and F6H8, or the semifluorinated alkane is F6H8. Also preferred is a semifluorinated alkane selected from the group consisting of F4H4, F4H5, F4H6, F4H8, F4H10, F6H2, F6H4, F6H6, F6H8, F8H8, F6H10.
In the present invention the composition may comprise a semifluorinated alkane in an amount of from about 75 % (w/w) to about 99 % (w/w), more preferably from about 90 % (w/w) to about 99 % (w/w) with respect to the total weight of the composition. In a most preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises a semifluorinated alkane in an amount of at least 75 % w/w, preferably at least 85 % w/w, more preferably at least 90 % w/w with respect to the total weight of the composition.
The term “spreading” or “spreadability”, as used herein refers to the characteristic of a composition to allow for distribution of the composition on the skin. Spreadability is related to the contact angle of the drop of a liquid or a semisolid composition on a standardized substrate and is a measure of lubricity, which is directly related to the coefficient of friction. The efficacy of a topical therapy depends on the patient spreading the drug composition in an uniform layer to administer a standard dose. Spreadability is therefore an important characteristic of these compositions and is responsible for correct dosage transfer to the target site, ease of application on the substrate, and most important, consumer preference. The antiparasitic compositions of the present invention exhibit excellent spreading characteristics and are thus especially suited for administration to sensitive or difficult to reach areas of the body or the skin and/or for non-touch application to the skin.
In the present invention the composition may comprise more than a single semifluorinated alkane, preferably the composition may comprise a mixture of at least two semifluorinated alkanes, more preferably the composition may comprise a mixture of at least two semifluorinated alkanes, wherein at least one is characterized by a vapor pressure of at least 2, more preferably of at least 4, event more preferably of at least 10 mmHg at 25° C. ; thus allowing for rapid evaporation of said semifluorinated alkane upon administration to the skin. Preferably, the antiparasitic composition may comprise a mixture of at least two semifluorinated alkanes, wherein the semifluorinated alkane allowing for rapid evaporation upon administration to the skin is selected from F6H2, F4H4 or F4H5, preferably said semifluorinated alkane is F6H2.
In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention is a liquid or semisolid composition, that is the antiparasitic agent is dissolved or suspended in the semifluorinated alkane. In a most preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention is a solution, such as a liquid solution or a semisolid solution.
In an embodiment, the present invention relates to an antiparasitic composition comprising an antiparasitic agent dissolved in a vehicle comprising a semifluorinated alkane. Preferably, the antiparasitic composition comprises an antiparasitic agent dissolved in a vehicle comprising a semifluorinated alkane, and optionally one or more excipients. More preferably, the antiparasitic composition comprises an antiparasitic agent dissolved in a vehicle comprising a semifluorinated alkane, and optionally one or more excipients selected from the group of oily excipients and cosolvents.
The antiparasitic composition of the present invention is preferably formulated as a solution, thus allowing application of the composition to the skin with for example a wet wipe, a roll-on dispenser or a spray dispenser. A wet wipe may comprise a substrate like a nonwoven material impregnated with the antiparasitic composition. The wet wipe is particularly useful in cases in which the area to be treated is small, such as the face, the scalp, the area around the eyes, the eyebrows, the eyelashes.
Alternatively, the antiparasitic composition of the present invention may be placed in a dispenser like a roll-on dispenser or a spray dispenser or a dropper. The application of the antiparasitic composition of the present invention through a roll-on dispenser or a spray dispenser, may result useful in cases where the entire body or large areas of the body have to be treated as well as in cases where localized administration to small areas of the skin for example is required. A dropper may be utilized for localized administration to smaller areas of the skin.
Preferably, the composition of the present invention is in the form of a wet wipe, a roll-on or a spray composition. Herein, a composition in form of a wet wipe, a roll-on or a spray, relates to a composition that is formulated in such way that it is suitable to be used or contained in devices, such as a wet wipe, a roll-on dispenser or a spray dispenser. More preferably, the composition of the present invention is in the form of a roll-on or spray composition. Even more preferably, the composition of the present invention is in form of a spray composition.
Preferably, the composition of the present invention is provided in a form to allow for a non-touch application, namely that application onto the skin, as well as administration into the skin is performed without contacting the target skin area. Thus, the composition of the present invention is provided in a form to allow for a non-touch application, namely in form of a spray, a roll-on, a dropper bottle or a wet wipe. Herein, a composition in form of a spray, a roll-on, a dropper or a wet wipe, relates to a composition that is formulated in such way that it is suitable for non-touch application to be used or contained in devices, such as a spray dispenser, a roll-on dispenser, a dropper bottle or a wet wipe packed in a pouch. More preferably, the antiparasitic composition for non-touch application of the present invention is in the form of spray composition or a roll-on. Even more preferably, the antiparasitic composition for non-touch application of the present invention is in form of a spray composition.
The antiparasitic composition of the present invention are water-free and do not require pharmaceutical ingredients selected from preservatives, surfactants or penetration enhancers. Thus, the antiparasitic composition of the present invention is water-free and is preferably free of preservatives, surfactants and/or penetration enhancers.
In a preferred embodiment, the antiparasitic composition is a liquid composition that is topically administrable, preferably by non-touch application to large areas of the skin utilizing only small volumes of the composition to distribute the antiparasitic agent uniformly on the target site or area. Herein, the present invention takes advantage of the superior spreading capabilities of the semifluorinated alkanes that allow for uniform coverage of more than 0.5 cm2 of the skin target area per microliter composition, when applied as a droplet. Utilizing roll-on dispensers or spray dispenser, thus applying the composition by non-touch application to the target skin area, the antiparasitic composition of the present invention allows for uniform coverage of even larger target areas of the skin, for example uniform coverage of more than 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15 cm2 of the target skin area per microliter composition.
The antiparasitic composition of the present invention is preferably free of alcohol. The absence of alcohol constitutes a further advantage of the composition of the present invention, since alcohol causes further irritation or allergic reactions to the skin. In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention is free of alcohol and/or preservative and/or water. In a preferred embodiment, the antiparasitic composition of the present invention is free of water, alcohol and preservatives.
The composition of the present invention may also comprise one or more further excipients as an additional component. The term “excipients” as used herein refers to any pharmaceutically acceptable natural or synthetic substance that may be added to the composition of the present invention. The present composition may comprise one or more excipients such as, for example, an antioxidant, a preservative, a lipid or oily excipient, a cosolvent, a wax, a surfactant or a lubricant or a combination thereof.
Suitable antioxidants which may be employed comprise, for example: butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), vitamin E, vitamin E derivatives (i.e. alpha-tocopherol acetate) and/or ascorbic acid or derivatives thereof.
Suitable oily excipients which may be added in the composition of the present invention comprise, for example, vegetable oils (i.e. soybean oil, olive oil, sesame oil, cotton seed oil, castor oil, sweet almond oil), mineral oil (i.e. petrolatum and liquid paraffin), medium chain triglycerides (MCT), oily fatty acids, squalane, squalene, essential oils, silicone oils, isopropyl myristate, oily fatty alcohols, esters of sorbitol and fatty acids, oily sucrose esters, or any other oily substance which is physiologically tolerated by the skin. In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises an oily excipient selected from squalane, silicone oils, mineral oils, essential oils, liquid triglycerides, medium chain tryglicerides, vegetable oils; preferably squalane, paraffin oil, medium chain tryglicerides.
Examples of cosolvents which may be included in the antiparasitic composition are isopropanol, ethanol, liquid medium chain triglycerides, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, diethylene glycol monomethylether, diethylene glycol monoethylether, ethyl acetate, ethyl oleate, octyldodecanol, diethyl sebacate. Preferably, the cosolvent is selected from isopropanol, ethanol, liquid medium chain triglycerides, diethylene glycol monoethylether, diethyl sebacate.
Example of waxes, which may be included in the antiparasitic composition are plant waxes, animal waxes or petroleum derived waxes.
In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention further comprises an oily excipient, preferably an oily excipient selected from squalane, mineral oil and medium chain tryglicerides. The oily excipient may be present in an amount of from 0 to 25 % w/w, preferably of from 0 to 10 % w/w, more preferably of from 0 to 5% w/w with respect to the total weight of the composition. Preferably the composition according to the invention further comprises an oily excipient selected from squalane, paraffin oil and medium chain tryglicerides at a concentration of from 0 to 25 % w/w, more preferably of from 0 to 10 % w/w, most preferably of from 0 to 5 % w/w with respect to the total weight of the composition.
In a further preferred embodiment, the antiparasitic composition comprises ivermectin, a semifluorinated alkane and a cosolvent, more preferably the composition comprises ivermectin, a semifluorinated alkane and an alcohol, such as ethanol or isopropanol.
In a preferred embodiment, the antiparasitic composition of the present invention
In a further preferred embodiment, the antiparasitic composition of the present invention is a topically administrable liquid composition, that
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an antiparasitic composition comprising an antiparasitic agent and a semifluorinated alkane for use as a medicament, particularly for use in a method of treating a parasitic infestation. Preferably, the parasitic infestation is an ectoparasitic infestation, more preferably a mite infestation or a lice infestation, most preferably an infestation selected from scabies, head lice infestation, body lice infestation, mite infestation of the eyelashes and of the eyebrows (such as infestations by demodex mites), lice infestation of the eyelashes and of the eyebrows. Also preferably, the parasitic infestation is selected from scabies, head lice infestation, body lice infestation, lice infestation of the eyelashes and of the eyebrows, mite infestations of the eyelashes and of the eyebrows, tick infestations, fleas infestations
In a further preferred embodiment, the parasitic infestation is related or caused by scabies, head lice, body lice, lice of the eyelashes, .lice of the eyebrows, mites of the eyelashes (demodex), mites of the eyebrows, ticks or fleas.
All the embodiments described above in connection with the first aspect of the invention apply to the antiparasitic composition for use as a medicament and for use in a method of treating a parasitic infestation, respectively.
In a third aspect, provided is also a method of topical application of an antiparasitic composition comprising applying with a wipe, a roll-on dispenser or a spray dispenser, an antiparasitic composition comprising an antiparasitic agent and a semifluorinated alkane. Preferably the method is applied to the skin of a subject in need thereof.
Unless otherwise indicated, a roll-on or roll-on dispenser as used in the present invention means a dispensing device comprising a container with a moving applicator ball mounted thereon, used for storing and application of a composition, contained in the container, to the body of a subject or onto any other surfaces. A spray dispenser as used herein means a dispensing device that turns a liquid into a fine mist, such as a spray bottle with a pump. A wipe or a wet wipe as used herein means a moist cloth.
All the embodiments described above in connection with the first aspect of the invention apply to the method of topical application of an antiparasitic composition of the third aspect of the invention
In a fourth aspect, provided is a method of treating a parasitic infestation comprising topically applying an antiparasitic composition comprising an antiparasitic agent and a semifluorinated alkane to the skin of a subject in need thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the method of treating a parasitic infestation comprises the step of applying the antiparasitic composition of the present invention to the skin of a subject in need thereof with a roll-on dispenser, a spray dispenser or a wipe. In a more preferred embodiment, the method of treating a parasitic infestation comprises the step of applying the antiparasitic composition of the present invention to the skin of a subject in need thereof through a roll-on dispenser, a spray dispenser with a pump or a wipe.
Preferably, the parasitic infestation is an ectoparasitic infestation, more preferably a mite infestation or a lice infestation, most preferably an infestation selected from scabies, head lice infestation, body lice infestation, mite infestation of the eyelashes and of the eyebrows (such as infestations by demodex mites), lice infestation of the eyelashes and of the eyebrows.
All the embodiments described above in connection with the first aspect of the invention apply to the method of treating a parasitic infestation of the fourth aspect of the invention.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a kit comprising a) an antiparasitic composition comprising an antiparasitic agent and a semifluorinated alkane and b) a dispenser selected from a roll-on dispenser, a spray dispenser and a wipe.
All the embodiments described above in connection with the first aspect of the invention apply to the kit of the fifth aspect of the invention.
The followings are numbered items comprised by the present invention:
The following examples serve to illustrate the invention; however, these are not to be understood as restricting the scope of the invention.
250 mg permethrin (Dr. Reddy’s, Ph.Eur. grade, cis:trans 25:75) is weighed in a 5-ml volumetric flask; the flask is then filled to 5 ml with F4H8 (Novaliq, purity >99%), closed and shaken at 280 rpm, RT for 16 h. The resulting 50 mg/ml solution appears clear.
500 mg crotamiton (SynTech, Ph.Eur. grade) is weighed in a 5-ml volumetric flask; the flask is then filled to 5 ml with F6H8 (Novaliq, purity >99%), closed and shaken for 5 min at 280 rpm, RT. The resulting 100 mg/ml solution appears clear.
500 mg benzyl benzoate (Symrise, puritiy >99%) is weighed in a 5-ml volumetric flask; the flask is then filled to 5 ml with F4H5 (Novaliq, purity >99%), closed and shaken for 5 min at 280 rpm, RT. The resulting 100 mg/ml solution appears clear.
Following the procedure described in the Examples 1 to 3, the following solubility tests were carried out, as shown in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3.
~6%
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20156074.5 | Feb 2020 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2021/052891 | 2/6/2021 | WO |
