Patent Application
20130052242
The present invention relates generally to antiperspirant compositions, products, and methods for making the same, and more particularly relates to antiperspirant compositions that exhibit enhanced wetness protection, antiperspirant products comprising such antiperspirant compositions, and methods for making such antiperspirant compositions and products.
Antiperspirant and deodorant compositions are well known personal care products used to prevent or eliminate perspiration and body odor caused by perspiration. The compositions come in a variety of forms and may be formulated, for example, into aerosols, pumps, sprays, liquids, roll-ons, lotions, creams, sticks, and soft solids, etc.
There are various types of antiperspirant compositions that are desirable by a large majority of the population because of their ease of application and the presence of active antiperspirant compounds (e.g. antiperspirant salts) that prevent or block the secretion of perspiration and its accompanying odors. In one type, an antiperspirant salt is suspended in an anhydrous vehicle that often includes a solid water-insoluble wax. In a second type, an antiperspirant salt is dissolved in a liquid vehicle such as propylene glycol and gelled with a gelling agent such as dibenzylidene sorbitol. A third type includes an emulsion of an aqueous phase containing the antiperspirant salt and an oil phase containing, for example, a volatile silicone, fragrances, gellants, and other additives.
Stick antiperspirant products include an antiperspirant composition within a container. During use of the stick antiperspirant product, the top of the container is removed and the application surface of the composition is contacted with the skin, such as the underarm, by swiping or rubbing the stick across the skin. Sometimes the product also includes an undercap, or factory seal, that covers the application surface and is removed prior to first use. The container generally also includes some mechanism for moving the composition upwards through the container to continue to provide an exposed application surface.
Commercial markets for antiperspirant and deodorant products are highly competitive, with consumers wanting products with increased antiperspirant efficacy for improved wetness protection. Efforts to increase the antiperspirant efficacy of solid wax antiperspirant products include incorporating super moisture absorbent materials, such as, for example, a polyacrylate homopolymer (sodium salt) and starch graft copolymers of poly(2-propenamide-co-2-propenioic acid) (sodium salt), into the antiperspirant composition together with one or more antiperspirant salts. By themselves, many of these super moisture absorbent materials can absorb a significant percentage of their weight in water. Unfortunately, when the super moisture absorbent materials are in a solid wax antiperspirant composition, any improvements in the antiperspirant efficacy are marginal at best because the presence of the antiperspirant salt typically produces an acidic environment that substantially reduces the water absorption performance of these super moisture absorbent materials. Moreover, the super moisture absorbent materials often become undesirably sticky or gummy in a solid wax antiperspirant composition when exposed to perspiration.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide antiperspirant products that exhibit strong antiperspirant efficacy for wetness protection preferably without the antiperspirant composition becoming sticky or gummy when exposed to perspiration. Furthermore, other desirable features and characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent detailed description of the invention and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background of the invention.
Antiperspirant compositions, products, and methods for making antiperspirant compositions and products are provided herein. In an exemplary embodiment, an antiperspirant composition comprises an active antiperspirant compound and moisture absorbent particles. The moisture absorbent particles comprise aluminum starch octenylsuccinate and isopropyl titanium triisostearate.
In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, an antiperspirant product is provided. The antiperspirant product comprises a container and an antiperspirant composition housed within the container. The antiperspirant composition comprises an active antiperspirant compound, moisture absorbent particles, and a surfactant. The moisture absorbent particles comprise aluminum starch octenylsuccinate and isopropyl titanium triisostearate. The surfactant comprises CH3(CH2)17CH2(OCH2CH2)10OH that is present in the antiperspirant composition at a concentration effective to form micelles in the presence of moisture.
In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, a method for making an antiperspirant product is provided. The method comprises the steps of mixing antiperspirant ingredients including an active antiperspirant compound together to form an antiperspirant premix. Moisture absorbent particles that comprise aluminum starch octenylsuccinate and isopropyl titanium triisostearate, a surfactant that comprises CH3(CH2)17CH2(OCH2CH2)10OH, and a molten wax material are mixed together to form a molten wax-based premix. The molten wax-based premix and the antiperspirant premix are mixed together to form an antiperspirant composition. The antiperspirant composition is deposited into a mold. The antiperspirant composition is allowed to solidify.
Embodiments of the present invention will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the following drawing figures, wherein like numerals denote like elements, and wherein:
The following Detailed Description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the invention or the application and uses of the invention. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding Background of the Invention or the following Detailed Description.
The various embodiments contemplated herein relate to antiperspirant compositions that exhibit strong antiperspirant efficacy for enhanced wetness protection preferably without becoming sticky or gummy when exposed to perspiration, antiperspirant products comprising such antiperspirant compositions, and methods for making such antiperspirant compositions and products. Unlike the prior art, the exemplary embodiments taught herein form an antiperspirant composition that is a solid wax formulation and that comprises an active antiperspirant compound and moisture absorbent particles. The moisture absorbent particles comprise aluminum starch octenylsuccinate and isopropyl titanium triisostearate, and preferably can absorb up to at least about 22% of their weight in water when exposed to, for example, a 95% relative humidity (RH) or greater environment (e.g. perspiring skin of a user). Additionally, the inventors have found that the moisture absorbent particles can be regenerated during drier periods to absorb additional water later on for prolonged wetness protection. In particular, the moisture absorbent particles can release a significant portion of the initially absorbed water when subsequently exposed to a relatively low humidity environment of, for example, about 20% RH or less, and can reabsorb water if exposed again to a relatively high humidity environment. Moreover, the inventors have found that the moisture absorbent particles do not become undesirably sticky or gummy in a solid wax antiperspirant formulation when exposed to perspiration.
In an exemplary embodiment, the antiperspirant composition further comprises a surfactant that comprises steareth-10, CH3(CH2)17CH2(OCH2CH2)10OH. Preferably, the surfactant is at or above its critical micelle concentration in the antiperspirant composition so that when the antiperspirant composition is exposed to perspiration, the surfactant molecules rearrange in the wax matrix to form micelles that attract and capture water and improve wetness protection. As used herein, the critical micelle concentration is defined as the concentration of the surfactant above which micelles are spontaneously formed in the antiperspirant composition in the presence of water. The inventors have surprisingly found that an antiperspirant composition comprising both the moisture absorbent particles and the surfactant has significantly improved water absorption performance both initially and throughout the day with less stickiness or gumminess than conventional antiperspirant compositions to provide continuous wetness protection preferably for a 12 hour period or longer. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that when the antiperspirant composition is spread across a user's skin and the user perspires, water diffuses through the wax matrix of the antiperspirant composition and the surfactant rearranges to form micelles. The micelles increase the osmotic pressure causing the water flux to increase across the wax matrix to draw in additional moisture from the perspiring skin. Initially, the active antiperspirant compound and the micelles preferentially absorb or capture water over the moisture absorption particles. The active antiperspirant compound, which continues to absorbed water, diffuses into and swells up to plug the user's sweat glands to reduce further perspiring. With the active antiperspirant compound diffusing into the sweat glands, there is less active antiperspirant compound concentrated outside of the sweat glands and the moisture absorbent particles are able to absorb more moisture to further improve antiperspirant efficacy for enhanced and sustained wetness protection. Additionally, if the user stops perspiring, the moisture absorbent particles can regenerate to absorb additional water later on when needed to provide long lasting wetness protection.
Referring to
The antiperspirant composition 11 contains at least one active ingredient (i.e. active antiperspirant compound), typically metal salts, that are thought to reduce perspiration by diffusing through the sweat ducts of eccrine glands and apocrine glands and hydrolyzing in the sweat ducts, where they combine with proteins to form an amorphous metal hydroxide agglomerate, plugging the sweat ducts so perspiration cannot diffuse to the skin surface. Some active antiperspirant compounds that may be used include astringent metallic salts, especially inorganic and organic salts of aluminum, zirconium, and zinc, as well as mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred are aluminum-containing and/or zirconium-containing salts or materials, such as aluminum halides, aluminum chlorohydrates, aluminum hydroxyhalides, zirconyl oxyhalides, zirconyl hydroxyhalides, and mixtures thereof. Exemplary aluminum salts include those having the general formula Al2(OH)aClbx(H2O), wherein a is from 2 to about 5; the sum of a and b is about 6; x is from about 1 to about 6; and wherein a, b, and x may have non-integer values. Exemplary zirconium salts include those having the general formula ZrO(OH)2-aClax (H2O), wherein a is from about 1.5 to about 1.87, x is from about 1 to about 7, and wherein a and x may both have non-integer values. Particularly preferred zirconium salts are those complexes that additionally contain aluminum and glycine, commonly known as ZAG complexes. These ZAG complexes contain aluminum chlorohydroxide and zironyl hyroxy chloride conforming to the above-described formulas. Examples of active antiperspirant compounds suitable for use in the various embodiments contemplated herein include aluminum dichlorohydrate, aluminum-zirconium octachlorohydrate, aluminum sesquichlorohydrate, aluminum chlorohydrex propylene glycol complex, aluminum dichlorohydrex propylene glycol complex, aluminum sesquichlorohydrex propylene glycol complex, aluminum chlorohydrex polyethylene glycol complex, aluminum dichlorohydrex polyethylene glycol complex, aluminum sesquichlorohydrex polyethylene glycol complex, aluminum-zirconium trichlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium pentachlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium octachlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrex glycine complex, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex glycine complex, aluminum zirconium pentachlorohydrex glycine complex, aluminum zirconium octachlorohydrex glycine complex, zirconium chlorohydrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate buffered, and the like, and mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the antiperspirant compound is aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrex glycine complex.
The active antiperspirant compound is preferably in a perspiration-reducing effective amount. In one embodiment, the antiperspirant composition 11 comprises an active antiperspirant compound present in the amount of from about 14 to about 25 wt. % (USP). As used herein, weight percent (USP) or wt. % (USP) of an antiperspirant salt is calculated as anhydrous weight percent in accordance with the U.S.P. method, as is known in the art. This calculation excludes any bound water and glycine.
The antiperspirant composition 11 contains moisture absorbent particles that comprise aluminum starch octenylsuccinate and isopropyl titanium triisostearate. In one example, the moisture absorbent particles are particles of aluminum starch octenylsuccinate surface treated with isopropyl titanium triisostearate. Preferably, the moisture absorbent particles have an average particle size of about 20 μm or less, more preferably of from about 1 to about 20 μm, and most preferably of from about 1 to about 10 μm so that a user does not feel the moisture absorbent particles during application of the antiperspirant composition 11. In an exemplary embodiment, the aluminum starch octenylsuccinate is present in an amount of about 96 to about 99 weight percent (wt. %), and preferably of about 98 wt. % of the moisture absorbent particles, and the isopropyl titanium triisostearate is present in an amount of about 1 to about 4 wt. %, and preferably of about 2 wt. % of the moisture absorbent particles. The moisture absorbent particles are preferably present in an amount of about 1 to about 5 wt. %, more preferably about 2 to about 4 wt. %, and most preferably about 3 wt. % of the antiperspirant composition 11. Moisture absorbent particles comprising aluminum starch octenylsuccinate and isopropyl titanium triisostearate are available from, for example, of Kobo Products, Inc. in South Plainfield, N.J. under the trade name ASO-12®.
The antiperspirant composition 11 further comprises a surfactant. In an exemplary embodiment, the surfactant is a waxy polyethylene glycol ether of stearic acid commonly referred to as steareth-10 and has a chemical structure of CH3(CH2)17CH2(OCH2CH2)10OH. The surfactant is preferably present in the antiperspirant composition 11 at or above its critical micelle concentration. In one example, the critical micelle concentration for the surfactant in the antiperspirant composition 11 is about 0.0018 mmol/l. Preferably the surfactant is present in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 1 wt. %, more preferably from about 0.2 to about 0.8 wt. %, more preferably still from about 0.4 to about 0.6 wt. %, and most preferably about 0.5 wt. % of the antiperspirant composition 11. Steareth-10 is available from, for example, Croda, Inc. in Edison, N.J. under the trade name Brij® S10-SO. In one embodiment, a weight ratio of the moisture absorbent particles to the surfactant is from about 1:1 to about 6:1.
The antiperspirant composition 11 may comprise an anhydrous, hydrophobic vehicle, which includes a volatile silicone and/or a high melting component. In an exemplary embodiment, the active antiperspirant compound is suspended in the anhydrous, hydrophobic vehicle.
The high melting components may include any material suitable for use in an antiperspirant stick that melts at a temperature of about 70° C. or higher. Typical of such materials are the high melting point waxes. These include beeswax, spermaceti, carnauba, bayberry, candelilla, montan, ozokerite, ceresin, paraffin waxes, semi-microcrystalline and microcrystalline waxes, hydrogenated jojoba oil, and hydrogenated castor oil (castor wax). The preferred wax is hydrogenated castor oil. Other suitable high melting components include various types of high melting gelling agents such as polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyethylene homopolymers, 12-hydroxystearic acid, and substituted and unsubstituted dibenzylidene alditols. Typically, the high melting components comprise about 1 to about 25 wt. %, preferably about 2 to about 15 wt. %, of the composition. Volatile silicones include cyclomethicones and dimethicones, discussed above.
Other components may include, for example, non-volatile silicones, polyhydric alcohols having 3-6 carbon atoms and 2-6 hydroxy groups, fatty alcohols having from 12 to 24 carbon atoms, fatty alcohol esters, fatty acid esters, fatty amides, non-volatile paraffinic hydrocarbons, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polyethylene and/or polypropylene glycol ethers of C4-C20 alcohols, polyethylene and/or polypropylene glycol esters of fatty acids, and mixtures thereof. The term “fatty” is intended to include hydrocarbon chains of about 8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably about 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
Non-volatile silicones include polyalkylsiloxanes, polyalkylaryl siloxanes, and polyethersiloxanes with viscosities of about 5 to about 100,000 centistokes at 25° C., polymethylphenylsiloxanes with viscosities of about 15 to about 65 centistokes, and polyoxyalkylene ether dimethylsiloxane copolymers with viscosities of about 1200 to about 1500 centistokes.
Useful polyhydric alcohols include propylene glycol, butylenes glycol, dipropylene glycol and hexylene glycol. Fatty alcohols include stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and lauryl alcohol. Fatty alcohol esters include C12-15 alcohols benzoate, myristyl lactate, cetyl acetate, and myristyl octanoate. Fatty acid esters include isopropyl palmitate, myristyl myristate, and glyceryl monostearate. Fatty amides include stearamide MEA, stearamide MEA-stearate, lauramide DEA, and myristamide MIPA. In an exemplary embodiment, the antiperspirant composition 11 comprises stearyl alcohol in an amount of from about 18 to about 22 wt. % of the antiperspirant composition 11. In particular, the inventors have found that the presence of stearyl alcohol in the antiperspirant composition 11 facilitates the surfactant rearranging to micelles due to the similarities in chemical structures of the surfactant (e.g. CH3 (CH2)17CH2(OCH2CH2)10OH) and stearyl alcohol (e.g. CH3(CH2)17OH).
Non-volatile paraffinic hydrocarbons include mineral oils and branched chain hydrocarbons with about 16 to 68, preferably about 20 to 40, carbon atoms. Suitable polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols will typically have molecular weights of about 500 to 6000, such as PEG-10, PEG-40, PEG-150 and PPG-20, often added as rheology modifiers to alter product appearance or sensory attributes.
Polyethylene and/or polypropylene glycol ethers or C4-C20 alcohols include PPG-10 butanediol, PPG-14 butyl ether, PPG-5-buteth-7, PPG-3-isostearth-9, PPG-3-myreth-3, oleth-10, and steareth-20. Polyethylene and/or polypropylene glycol esters of fatty acids include PEG-8 distearate, PEG-10 dioleate, and PPG-26 oleate. These are generally added to give emollient properties.
The antiperspirant composition 11 contemplated herein also may comprise additives, such as those used in conventional antiperspirants. For example, in addition to antiperspirant efficacy, the antiperspirant composition 11 may comprise additives that cause the antiperspirant composition 11 to exhibit long-lasting fragrance, odor protection, bacteria control, and/or another desired purpose and/or function. These additives include, but are not limited to, fragrances, including encapsulated fragrances, dyes, pigments, preservatives, antioxidants, moisturizers, and the like. These optional ingredients can be included in the antiperspirant composition 11 in an amount of 0 to about 20 wt. %.
The above list of materials is by way of example only and is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all potential components of the antiperspirant products contemplated herein. Other high and low melting waxes, volatile and non-volatile compounds and other suitable components are readily identifiable to those skilled in the art. Of course, other ingredients such as colloidal silica, fumed silica, particulate polyolefins, talcum materials, colorants and preservatives may also be included as desired. For example, the antiperspirant composition 11 may include up to about 5% fragrance or about 2% colorant by weight.
As noted above, in addition to an active antiperspirant compound, the antiperspirant composition 11 may comprise a component or components that cause it to exhibit or impart a desired function or purpose in addition to antiperspirant efficacy. For example, the antiperspirant composition 11 may comprise deodorant active ingredients. A suitable deodorant active ingredient is any agent that inhibits, suppresses, masks or neutralizes malodor. These may include (1) antimicrobial or bactericidal agents that kill the bacteria responsible for malodor production, (2) agents that inhibit or suppress or interfere with the bacterial enzymatic pathway that produces malodor, and (3) agents that mask or absorb or neutralize malodor. “Fragrances” as used herein are not considered deodorant active ingredients. Examples of deodorant actives ingredients include triclosan, triclocarban, usnic acid salts, zinc phenolsulfonate, b-chloro-D-alanine, D-cycloserine, animooxyacetic acid, cyclodextrine, and sodium bicarbonate. Alternatively, or in addition, the antiperspirant composition 11 may comprise fragrances, for example, in an amount that imparts a long-lasting fragrance to the antiperspirant composition 11.
In accordance with exemplary embodiments, a method 210 for making the antiperspirant product 10 illustrated in
Moisture absorbent particles (e.g. aluminum starch octenylsuccinate and isopropyl titanium triisostearate), a surfactant (e.g. steareth-10), and a molten wax material are mixed together to form a molten wax-based premix (step 214). In one example, waxes including castor wax and stearyl alcohol (e.g. alcohol-based wax) are combined with PPG-14 butyl ether and are heated to a temperature of about 85° C. or less and slowly agitated to form a molten wax mixture. A surfactant (e.g. Brij® S10-SO) is incrementally added and agitated until it melts and becomes homogeneous with the molten wax mixture. Moisture absorbent particles (e.g. ASO-I2®) are then added and agitated until they become homogeneous with the molten wax mixture and the surfactant to form the molten wax-based premix.
The molten wax-based premix and the antiperspirant premix are mixed together to form the antiperspirant composition (step 216) as discussed in the foregoing paragraphs. In one example, the antiperspirant premix is added to the molten wax-based premix and mixed at a temperature of from about 64 to about 69° C. until the mixture is homogeneous. Cyclopentasiloxane, which is at about room temperature, is then added to the mixture and the mixture is maintained at a temperature of about 60° C. and mixed until it is homogeneous to form the antiperspirant composition.
Referring to
In an exemplary embodiment, the container 12 has an application end 24 and an opposite end 26. The container 12 also contains a factory seal 28, which is positioned over the application surface 14 of antiperspirant composition 11 to protect it during shipment and to render it tamper-proof prior to purchase, and a cover 30. The factory seal 28 is removed by the user, and the cover is used during storage of the product between uses. As the product is exhausted, it is advanced from the container 12 by the user using advancement device 32, e.g., a screw mechanism as shown, at opposite end 26 of container 12.
As discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,753,212 filed Sep. 16, 1996, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, the antiperspirant composition 11 may be molded into the container 12 by first sealing the application end 24 of the container 12 with the factory seal 28 and introducing a predetermined quantity of molten antiperspirant composition 11 through the open opposite end 26. The antiperspirant composition 11 is then cooled to its non-molten form for example, by passing the filled container through a forced air tunnel operating at between about 10 to about 25° C. The finished product (
The following is an example of the antiperspirant product in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. The example is provided for illustration purposes only and is not meant to limit the various embodiments of the antiperspirant product in any way. All materials are set forth in weight percent.
Antiperspirant Product—Solid Wax Formulation
Accordingly, antiperspirant products compositions that exhibit strong antiperspirant efficacy for enhanced wetness protection preferably without becoming sticky or gummy when exposed to perspiration, antiperspirant products comprising such antiperspirant compositions, and methods for making such antiperspirant compositions and products have been described.
While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing Detailed Description, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the invention in any way. Rather, the foregoing Detailed Description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing an exemplary embodiment of the invention, it being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended Claims and their legal equivalents.
