The present disclosure generally relates to implantable medical devices and, more particularly, to aortic dissection implants, systems for their delivery, and their methods of use.
Acute Aortic Dissections occur when a portion of the aortic intima (the inner most layer of the aorta) ruptures and systemic blood pressure serves to delaminate the intimal layer from the media layer resulting in a false lumen for blood flow that can propagate in multiple directions along the length of the aorta. AAD's impact approximately 7,000 patients in the US annually and are the most common catastrophe of the aorta, carrying very high mortality rates. Dissections that occur in the ascending portion of the aorta make up the majority of cases (63%) and are referred to as Type A, while those occurring in the descending aorta are called Type B. Although Type B AAD's can sometimes be managed medically, Type A dissections typically require immediate surgery. With mortality rates of 1-2% per hour, 25% of patients die within the first 24 to 48 hours, and 80% die within two weeks of diagnosis.
Aortic grafts for treating aortic aneurysms may incorporate non-porous graft materials that seek to wall off the aneurysm from the main lumen of the graft and the aorta. Consequently, these grafts can be inappropriate for environments with branch vessels that require fenestration windows and/or other modification. As a result, attempting to apply aortic grafts designed for aneurysms to Type A dissections can be cumbersome or simply impossible. Accordingly, there exists an unmet clinical need for a less invasive, non-surgical solution to treat Type A AADs. There also remains a need for improved treatment for other types of Aortic Dissections, such as shown in
In some aspects of the disclosure, an aortic dissection system for treating a dissection within an aorta of a patient is disclosed. The aortic dissection system may comprise an aortic dissection implant and a delivery system. The aortic dissection implant may comprise an expandable support structure and at least one layer. The expandable support structure may have a proximal end and a distal end. The at least on layer may be provided over the expandable support structure and comprise an atraumatic outer surface configured to engage an inner wall of the aorta adjacent a false lumen associated with the dissection. The delivery system may be configured to be inserted percutaneously into the patient and advanced into the patient's aorta. The delivery system may comprise an outer sheath configured to receive the aortic dissection implant therein in a compressed configuration.
In some aspects, the at least one layer may comprise a non-porous section configured to extend across at least a portion of the dissection.
In some aspects, the at least one layer may comprise a porous layer provided over the expandable support structure and a non-porous layer provided over the porous layer.
In some aspects, the expandable support structure may be configured to extend from the descending aorta, through the aortic arch and into the ascending aorta. The at least one layer may comprise a porous section configured to permit blood flow from within the expandable support structure, through the porous section, and into the carotid arteries and the subclavian arteries. The at least one layer may comprise a non-porous section comprising an opening to allow blood to flow from within the expandable support structure, through the opening, and into the carotid and the subclavian arteries. The expandable support structure may be pre-formed with a curvature to conform to the aortic arch. The at least one layer may comprise a porous layer configured to substantially cover the expandable support structure from the descending aorta to the sinotubular junction and a non-porous layer partially covering the porous layer and configured to engage a wall of the ascending aorta on opposite sides of a tear of the dissection.
In some aspects, the expandable support structure can be configured to apply radial force to the descending aorta when expanded.
In some aspects, the aortic dissection implant can further comprise an expandable interface structure that may be configured to expand within the aortic root. The expandable interface structure can be configured to extend within the left and right coronary sinuses and distally past the left and right coronary ostia. The expandable interface structure can comprise a wire frame having three lobes. The at least one layer can extend over the expandable support structure and the expandable interface structure. The at least one layer can be configured to extend within the left and right coronary sinuses without blocking blood flow into the left and right coronary arteries.
In some aspects, the at least one layer can comprise a non-porous layer that may be configured to be positioned across at least a portion of the dissection and inflate with blood flow against the inner wall of the aorta adjacent the false lumen. The aortic dissection implant may further comprise at least one valve that can allow blood to enter a space within the non-porous layer but prevent blood from exiting the space.
In some aspects, the delivery system may be configured to sequentially deploy the at least one layer before the expandable support structure.
In some aspects, the system may further comprise one or more temporary longitudinal ribs that can be configured to be removable from the aortic dissection implant. The one or more temporary longitudinal ribs may be configured to maintain a circumferential space between the atraumatic outer surface of the at least one layer and the inner wall of the aorta.
In some aspects, the system can further comprise a temporary external coil that can be configured to surround the aortic dissection implant to maintain a circumferential space between the atraumatic outer surface of the at least one layer and the inner wall of the aorta.
In some aspects, the system can further comprise a suction port along the at least one layer. The suction port may be configured to apply vacuum to a circumferential space between the atraumatic outer surface of the at least one layer and the inner wall of the aorta when a vacuum applicator is applied to the suction port.
In some aspects of the disclosure, an aortic dissection implant for treating a dissection within an aorta of a patient is provided having the features described above and/or as described further below. Any of the aortic dissection implants as described above or as described further herein may comprise an expandable anchoring structure and an elongate tubular structure. The expandable anchoring structure may be configured to be positioned within the aortic root of a patient and apply radial force to one or more of the sinuses of the aortic root and/or the sinotubular junction when expanded. The elongate tubular structure can have a proximal end and a distal end. The proximal end of the elongate tubular structure may be configured to be positioned in the descending aorta. The distal end of the elongate tubular structure can be configured to be positioned in the ascending aorta, the sinotubular junction, or the aortic root. The expandable anchoring structure can be connected to or forms the distal end of the elongate tubular structure. The elongate tubular structure can comprises an expandable support frame, a first porous layer, and a second porous layer. The expandable support frame may have a first length configured to extend from the descending aorta to at least the ascending aorta and curve along with a curvature of the aortic arch when expanded within the aorta. The first porous layer may be positioned over the expandable support frame and may have a second length configured to extend from the descending aorta at least partially through the aortic arch. The first porous layer may comprise an atraumatic outer surface. Expansion of the expandable support frame when positioned within the aorta may expand the first porous layer such that the atraumatic outer surface of the first porous layer presses against an interior surface of the aorta and applies a radial force at least to the descending aorta. The second non-porous layer may be positioned over the expandable support frame and may have a third length that is less than the first length. The second non-porous layer can comprise a first end and a second end that can be configured to be positioned on opposite sides of a tear of the dissection. The second non-porous layer can be inflatable when in use via blood flow through at least the expandable support frame to cause the non-porous layer to expand and seal against at least a portion of the dissection.
The aortic dissection implant of any of the preceding paragraphs or as described further herein can also include one or more of the following features. The second length of the first porous layer can be approximately the same as the first length of the expandable support frame. One or both of the first porous layer and the second non-porous layer can comprise a fabric material. The expandable support frame can comprise a wire, a coiled ribbon, a laser cut structure, or a braid. The atraumatic outer surface of the first porous layer can be configured to engage an interior surface of the aorta within the aortic arch and to allow blood flow from the aortic arch, through the first porous layer, and to the carotid and/or subclavian arteries. The expandable anchoring structure can comprise openings for allowing blood flow to the left and right coronary ostia. The expandable support frame can have a tubular shape when expanded and the expandable anchoring structure can have a cross-sectional dimension larger than a cross-section dimension of the expandable support frame when expanded. The expandable anchoring structure can comprise a trilobe shape. The second non-porous layer can be configured to be positioned over the expandable support frame within the ascending aorta.
In some aspects, the aortic dissection implant of any of the preceding paragraphs or as described further herein can further comprise a third layer between the first layer and the second layer. The third layer can provide for a one-way valve configured to allow blood to enter a space between the first layer and the second layer and prevent blood from exiting the space.
In some aspects of the disclosure, an aortic dissection implant for treating a dissection within an aorta of a patient is provided that comprises a proximal end, a distal end, an expandable support structure, at least one layer, and an expandable interface portion. The proximal end may be configured to be positioned within the descending aorta and the distal end may be configured to be positioned within an aortic root of the patient. The expandable support structure can be configured to extend from the descending aorta to the ascending aorta and curve along with a curvature of the aortic arch when expanded within the aorta. The at least one layer can be provided over the support structure. The at least one layer can comprise a porous section and a non-porous section. The porous section can be configured to curve along with the curvature of the aortic arch and allow blood to flow into the carotid and subclavian arteries of the patient. The non-porous section can be configured to engage a wall of the aorta on opposite sides of a tear in the aorta associated with the dissection. The expandable interface portion at the distal end of the aortic dissection implant can be configured to expand into contact with the aortic root.
The aortic dissection implant of any of the preceding paragraphs or as described further herein can also include one or more of the following features. The expandable support structure may comprise a coiled wire, a coiled ribbon, a laser cut structure, or a braid. The expandable support structure may be formed from one or more of a metal, a polymer, a biological material and a bio-absorbable material. The expandable support structure may comprise a tubular wire frame. the at least one layer may comprise a single layer having variable porosity. The at least one layer may comprise a tubular fabric layer. The at least one layer may comprise a tubular layer that may have radial support features at proximal and distal ends thereof. The expandable interface portion may be contiguous with the at least one layer. The expandable interface portion may be configured to extend within the left and right coronary sinuses and distally past the left and right coronary ostia. The expandable interface portion may comprise openings for allowing blood flow to the left and right coronary ostia. The expandable interface portion may comprise a wire frame having three lobes. The expandable support structure may be a separate structure from the expandable interface portion. The expandable support structure may be connected to the expandable interface portion by the at least one layer. The expandable support structure and the expandable interface portion may be formed from a single wire. The at least one layer may comprise a porous layer that may be configured to substantially cover the expandable support structure from the descending aorta to the sinotubular junction and a non-porous layer that may partially cover the porous layer and may be configured to engage a wall of the aorta on opposite sides of a tear of the dissection. The system may further comprise an expandable portion that may be proximal to the expandable interface portion. The expandable portion may be configured to radially expand against the sinotubular junction.
In some aspects, a method of treating a dissection with an aorta of a patient is disclosed. The method can comprise: delivering an aortic dissection implant in a collapsed configuration percutaneously into a patient to a treatment location within the aorta; and expanding the aortic dissection implant to an expanded configuration within the aorta. After expansion of the aortic dissection implant, a non-porous section of the aortic dissection implant can engage an inner wall of the aorta on opposite sides of a tear of the dissection.
The method of the preceding paragraph or as described further herein can also include one or more of the following features. The aortic dissection implant can comprise a portion that can be expanded within the descending aorta and can apply a radial force at least to the descending aorta. The aortic dissection implant can comprise a portion that can be expanded within the aortic root and can apply a radial force to one or both of the aortic root and the sinotubular junction. After expansion, a porous section of the aortic dissection implant can cover openings to the carotid and subclavian arteries to allow blood flow therethrough. After expansion, a porous section of the aortic dissection implant can cover one or both of the left and right coronary ostia to allow blood flow therethrough. The method can further comprise inflating the non-porous section with blood flow to expand the non-porous layer against the inner wall of the aorta. The method can further comprise reducing a false lumen in the aorta by drawing fluid from the false lumen through natural fenestrations of the aorta.
In some aspects, a dual-layer implant for a blood vessel is disclosed that comprises a first implant layer and a second implant layer. The first implant layer may have an atraumatic outer surface and a first resting diameter. The second implant layer, may be separate from the first implant layer, and may have a second resting diameter that is greater than the first resting diameter. The second implant layer may be configured to be disposed interior to the first implant layer and to expand the first implant layer such that the atraumatic outer surface of the first implant layer presses against a surface of the blood vessel.
The dual-layer implant of the preceding paragraph can also include one or more of the following features. The first implant layer can be a tubular layer having a central lumen that can be configured to receive the second implant layer and to coincide with a true lumen of the blood vessel. The first implant layer can be a fabric layer. The second implant layer can comprise a coil. The coil can be a metal coil. The metal coil can comprise a coil retention feature that can be configured to engage with a coil retention structure of a delivery system and to release from the coil retention structure upon implantation of the second implant layer. The first implant layer and the second implant layer can be bendable to conform to an aortic arch. The first implant layer can include at least a portion that is porous to allow blood flow from the aortic arch, through the first implant layer, to the carotid or subclavian arteries. The dual-layer implant may further comprise an interface structure for interfacing with the native anatomy of the aortic valve cusps. The interface structure may include fenestrations for allowing blood flow to the left and right coronary ostia. The first implant layer may further comprise a non-porous portion and at least one temporary rib. The dual-layer implant may further comprise at least a portion that is radiopaque. The dual-layer implant may further comprise at least a portion that is echogenic. The first implant layer may comprise radial support structures at opposing ends thereof.
In some aspects, a system is disclosed that comprises the dual-layer implant of any one of the preceding paragraphs and a delivery system. The delivery system can be configured to deliver the first implant layer and the second implant layer together into the blood vessel.
In some aspects, a system is disclosed that comprises the dual-layer implant of any one of the preceding paragraphs and a delivery system. The delivery system may be configured to decouple the first implant layer and the second implant layer for asynchronous deployment and release into the blood vessel.
In some aspects, a method of implanting a dual-layer implant is disclosed. The method can comprise: inserting the implant percutaneously into the femoral artery of a patient and advancing the implant into the patient's aorta; retracting an outer sheath to deploy a first implant layer and allow the first implant layer to radially expand to a first resting diameter within the aorta; manipulating a retention structure to deploy a second implant layer, within a lumen of the first implant layer, from the retention structure; further manipulating the retention structure to cause the second implant layer to radially expand to a second resting diameter that is greater than the first resting diameter to cause the first implant layer to radially expand beyond the first resting diameter into contact with the aorta.
The method of the preceding paragraph can also include one or more of the following features. Retracting the outer sheath may deploy deployment arms that may cause the first implant layer to radially expand, and wherein the method further comprising, removing the deployment arms after deployment of the second implant layer. The dual-layer implant may include any of the features of any of the preceding paragraphs. The first implant layer may further comprise a radial support feature at a distal end or a proximal end. The method may further comprise: maintaining, with longitudinal support ribs coupled to the first implant layer, a space between an outer surface of the first implant layer and an interior wall of the aorta; and applying a vacuum to a channel that extends from an inner surface of the first implant layer to the outer surface of the first implant layer to reduce a false lumen in the aorta by drawing fluid from the false lumen through natural fenestrations of the aorta. The method may further comprise removing the longitudinal support ribs.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide further understanding and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate disclosed embodiments and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosed embodiments.
The detailed description set forth below describes various configurations of the subject technology and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the subject technology may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the subject technology. Accordingly, dimensions may be provided in regard to certain aspects as non-limiting examples. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the subject technology may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the subject technology.
It is to be understood that the present disclosure includes examples of the subject technology and does not limit the scope of the appended claims. Various aspects of the subject technology will now be disclosed according to particular but non-limiting examples. Various embodiments described in the present disclosure may be carried out in different ways and variations, and in accordance with a desired application or implementation.
In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a full understanding of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, to one ordinarily skilled in the art that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without some of the specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the disclosure.
Aspects of the subject disclosure are directed to aortic dissection implants, such as dual layer implants, that may be utilized in the treatment of aortic dissections, as well as systems and methods involving the same. In accordance with certain aspects of the subject disclosure, a dual-layer implant is provided that can be used for treatment of Type A Acute Aortic Dissections (AADs), or any other abdominal or thoracic aortic dissection, rupture, or aneurysm. The dual-layer implant can include a first implant layer that forms a soft, atraumatic outer layer to directly contact the intima of the aorta. The dual-layer implant can also include a second implant layer, which can be deployed after or in sequence with the first layer, and that provides reinforcement and direct apposition of the first layer against the intima. Because the first implant layer (e.g., a graft layer) and the second implant layer (e.g., a support structure) in some aspects are not attached together prior to delivery, and can thus be delivered in two separate and/or overlapping steps, the dual-layer implant is sometimes described herein as a dual-layer asynchronous implant. That is, the delivery system for the dual-layer implant, as described in further detail hereinafter, can deploy the two layers together, or can decouple the two layers to allow for asynchronous deployment and release. It will be appreciated that the dual-layer implant as described herein may also be manufactured with the first implant layer provided over the second implant layer, such that the two layers are delivered to a treatment location as a single unit.
It has been discovered that it is not necessary to “wall-off” the dissected area in the case of AADs, as long as the layers at the source of the dissection can be re-approximated along its length in order to prevent pressure from propagating through the false lumen and to instead direct that pressure through the true lumen. In fact, providing a first implant layer 104 formed from a porous material allows several advantages during deployment (e.g. by not obstructing blood flow), allows for healthier functionality of the aorta, and offers the ability to more easily deal with branch vessels that may be encountered. It is also understood that the aortas in patients with the conditions described herein are very fragile so care must be given in some aspects to make the implant as atraumatic as possible. In some aspects, separating the implant 102 into a soft, atraumatic first layer 104 with a secondary reinforcement layer 106 that is controllably and sequentially deployed asynchronously against the first layer 104 (e.g., after the first layer is in place or prior to the first layer 104 being fully deployed), helps to improve safety. While the native aorta provides its support from the outer-most layer, the implant 102 provides support from the inner-most layer 106 with the softer layer 104 on the outside to appose the soft intima layer of the native aorta.
System 100, initially in the configuration shown in
In the delivery configuration of
First implant layer 104 may be formed from a fabric that is woven in an open honey-comb shape (as shown in
For example, in other embodiments first implant layer 104 may be formed with an open woven pattern, a laser cut pattern, a braided configuration, or any other form that allows for blood to flow through one or more porous portions 300. In some cases, the porosity of first implant layer 104 varies around the circumference and/or along the length of the first implant layer 104 to achieve targeted levels of porosity against different portions of the patient's anatomy. For example, the porosity of the material itself can vary with position on layer 104, or holes, openings, or other fenestrations can be formed in the material of layer 104.
Additionally, the first implant layer 104 or portions of the first implant layer 104 may be formed of a fabric or polymer that is porous and/or non-porous. The first implant layer 104 could comprise one of or a combination of polyester, nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or silicone.
In the example of
As described in further detail hereinafter (see, e.g.,
Second implant layer 106 is a reinforcement layer that provides hoop strength and radial force beyond that of the first implant layer 104, and serves to enhance the apposition of the first implant layer 104 against the intima. Second implant layer 106 may be formed from one or more of a metal (e.g., stainless steel, nitinol, or the like), a polymer, a biological material, a bio-absorbable material, and/or other suitable materials.
From the configuration of
In this way, deployment of the outer layer 104 is initiated first while maintaining the ability to recapture layer 104 up to any point prior to full release. In implementations in which the material of layer 104 is porous, blood pressure collecting inside the implant is avoided, and the deployment of implant 102 can proceed at a measured pace. Once the distal end of the outer implant layer 104 has been expanded, the user has the option to continue to deploy the outer layer 104 or begin to release a portion of the reinforcement layer 106, to further stabilize the position of the first layer 104. If desired, the majority of outer layer 104 may be released from sheath 108 before the deployment of the reinforcement layer 106 is initiated.
At the beginning of deployment of second implant layer 106, the coil retention structure 110 may be twisted such that a distal portion of second implant layer 106 can emerge from opening 506. After continued rotation of coil retention structure 110, the majority of second implant layer 106 can emerge from coil retention structure 110.
In some implementations, system 100 may include delivery support arms between the initial graft layer 104 and the secondary support layer 106 during delivery.
For example,
As shown in
Additionally, the shape of the first implant layer 104 at the interface portion 802 may be shaped such that the first implant layer 104 does not impede blood flow through the coronary ostia. As illustrated, the first implant layer 104 may extend distally from the ascending aorta into the left and right aortic sinuses to cover only part of the interface portion 802 in the left and right aortic sinuses, but may terminate proximal to the left and right coronary arteries to allow blood to flow therethrough. The first implant layer 104 may also extend distally from the ascending aorta into the non-coronary aortic sinuses and cover part or all of the interface portion 802 in the non-coronary aortic sinuses.
In some embodiments, implant 1302 can include a solid, non-porous graft portion that can be used, for example, for Type B dissections that are in the descending aorta. In these examples, implant 1302 maintains a suction lumen 1310 that runs from the inner diameter of the graft to communicate with an area on the outer diameter of the graft adjacent to the false lumen 1201. Using temporary longitudinal support ribs 1308 to maintain the space (see, e.g.,
In the examples of
In some embodiments, implant 1402 can include a solid, non-porous graft portion that can be used, for example, for Type B dissections that are in the descending aorta. In these examples, implant 1402 maintains a suction lumen 1410 that runs from the inner diameter of the graft to communicate with an area on the outer diameter of the graft adjacent to the false lumen 1201. Using the temporary external coil 1414 to maintain the space (see, e.g.,
Generally, porous versions of implant 102 may be useful for any Type A (I or II) dissections (see, e.g.,
At the distal end 1704, the implant 1700 may comprise an expandable anchoring structure 1715 such as the interface portion described above. The expandable anchoring structure 1715 may have an enlarged cross-sectional diameter when expanded as compared to the cylindrical portion 1710. The expandable anchoring structure 1715 can comprise one or more components. For example, the expandable anchoring structure 1715 can comprise a first expandable component 1706, such as the first expandable component described above, that can be configured to be positioned within the aortic root of a patient and apply radial force to the sinuses of the aortic root when expanded. The first component 1706 can comprise multiple lobes, such as three lobes to form a trilobe anchoring structure, wherein the lobes are configured to engage with each of the sinuses of the aortic root and apply radial force to secure the first component 1706 to the aortic root. Additionally, as shown
In some aspects, the wire frame 1713 may be a continuous wire that forms the first expandable component 1706, the second expandable component 1708 and the cylindrical portion 1710. In other aspects, the first expandable component 1706, the second expandable component 1708 and the cylindrical portion 1710 may be formed from separate wire frames. The wire frame 1713 may be formed from one or more of a metal (e.g., stainless steel, nitinol, or the like), a polymer, a biological material, a bio-absorbable material, and/or other suitable materials. In some aspects, the wire frame 1713 may have an overall length of between approximately 12-15 cm, a cross-sectional width or diameter of the wire of approximately 0.5 mm, and a resting diameter in the cylindrical portion 1710 of approximately 40 mm to approximately 45 mm. The wire frame 1713 may be radially compressible to a diameter of approximately 10 mm or less. The expandable anchoring structure 1715 may have a diameter of approximately 45 to 55 when expanded.
In some aspects, the layer 1714 can be formed from fabric, metal, polymer or a biological tissue. The layer 1714 is sized such that it is capable of reaching a diameter just slightly beyond that of the native aorta (e.g., a maximum diameter of about 40 mm to about 45 mm) when fully expanded with the wire frame 1713 inside. In other implementations, the layer 1714 can have a resting diameter of 35 mm and an expanded diameter of 40 mm. The material of the layer 1714 may be flexible enough to accommodate the curvature of the aortic arch. In some implementations, the entire length of layer 1714 could be porous. In other implementations, the entire length of layer 1714 may be non-porous. In still other implementations, the level of porosity may vary throughout the length of layer 1714. For example, the portion of the layer 1714 along a distal portion of the cylindrical portion 1710 may be non-porous and the portion of the layer 1714 along a proximal portion of the cylindrical portion 1710 may be porous (e.g., as shown in
In some embodiments, the wire frame 1713 shown in
In some aspects, the implant 1802, and particularly the expandable support structure 1800, may be configured to expand within at least the descending aorta to press against and apply radial force to the inner wall of the descending aorta. In such embodiments, a diameter of the expandable support structure in at least a proximal portion thereof is larger than an inner diameter of the descending aorta. The implant 1802 may also be configured such that a distal portion of the implant, and particularly a distal portion of the expandable structure, is smaller than an inner diameter of the ascending aorta.
The first layer 1814 may be provided over the expandable support structure 1800 and may be configured to extend from the proximal end of the expandable support structure 1800 at least to the sinusoidal wave structure 1812. In some aspects, the first layer 1814 can be formed from fabric, metal, polymer or a biological tissue, and may be made of any of the materials described above for layer 104. The first layer 1814 may be sized such that it is capable of reaching a diameter just slightly below that of the native ascending aorta (e.g., a maximum diameter of about 35 mm) when fully expanded with the expandable support structure 1800 inside. In other implementations, the first layer 1814 can have resting diameter of 35 mm and an expanded diameter of 40 mm such that it could be expanded by the support structure 1800 to contact the inner most wall of the native descending aorta. The material of the first layer 1814 may be flexible enough to accommodate the curvature of the aortic arch. In some implementations, the entire length of first layer 1814 may be non-porous or the level of porosity may vary throughout the length of first layer 1814. In the embodiment of the aortic dissection implant shown in
The second layer 1822 may be provided over the first layer 1814 and may be configured to contact the site of the aortic dissection and the aortic wall adjacent to the false lumen. In some aspects, the length of the second layer 1822 may be less than the length of the first layer 1814. The second layer can extend along one of the lobes of the trilobe structure 1806, e.g., the lobe positioned in the non-coronary aortic sinus, and the other two lobes remain uncovered so that blood may flow through the coronary ostia. The second layer 1822 can be formed from fabric, metal, polymer or a biological tissue, including any of the materials that may be utilized for the first layer 1814. In the embodiment of the second layer 1822 shown in
In some embodiments, both ends of the second layer 1822 may be sealed to the first layer 1814 and the second layer 1822 may be configured to expand like a balloon when blood flows through the implant, as indicated by the arrows in
In another embodiment, the aortic dissection implant can comprise a single layer that extends from the distal end to the proximal end of the expandable support structure. The single layer can comprise an inflatable non-porous section and a porous section proximal to the inflatable non-porous section. The inflatable non-porous section may be similar to the second layer 1822 and the porous section may be similar to the first layer 1814 shown in
The distal and proximal expandable support structures 2002, 2004 may be provided over or within the layer 2008 and apply radial force to layer 2008 against the intima of the ascending aorta when expanded within the ascending aorta. The distal expandable support structure 2002 may comprise a zig-zag pattern. The proximal expandable structure 2004 may comprise a sine wave pattern, a sine wave pattern and/or a trilobe pattern. In some aspects, the distal and proximal expandable support structures 2002, 2004 may be formed from one or more of a metal (e.g., stainless steel, nitinol, or the like), a polymer, a biological material, a bio-absorbable material, and/or other suitable materials. The diameter of the distal expandable support structure 2002 may be between 35 mm and 40 mm. The diameter of the proximal expandable support structure 2004 may be approximately 30 mm.
The first implant layer 2000 may also comprise an axial support structure 2006. The axial support structure 2006 may be provided over, within, or interwoven into the layer 2008. The axial support structure 2006 may extend between a distal end and a proximal end of the layer 2008 and may provide reinforcement to the first implant layer 2000.
The first implant layer can be deployed within a patient's aorta to provide force against the site of an aortic dissection. Following the placement of first implant layer 2000, a second long-term support structure (e.g., the expandable support structure depicted in
In some embodiments, the aortic dissection implant, as described in the foregoing paragraphs, can be preformed during manufacturing. For example, the implant can be preformed to include a bend with a radius of curvature of approximately 35 mm and an angle of curvature of 150 degrees to 180 degrees. This bend can be configured to be positioned along the curvature of the aortic arch. In some embodiments that include trilobe anchoring structures, the preformed shape may be aligned with respect to the non-coronary aortic sinus (e.g. the major bend of the aortic arch could be approximately 90 degrees from the non-coronary aortic sinus). In other embodiments, specific features like the window 900 in
In some embodiments, the aortic dissection implant, as described in the foregoing paragraphs, may have variable dimensions to assist in securing and anchoring of the implant. For example, the implant in an expanded configuration may have a relatively larger diameter at its distal end (e.g., about 35 mm or more, to anchor for example in the aortic root and/or the sinotubular junction), a relatively smaller diameter in an middle portion (e.g., about 30 mm or less, to position for example in the ascending aorta without exerting additional radial force on the fragile aortic wall where a dissection has occurred), and a relatively larger diameter at its proximal end (e.g., about 35 mm or more, to anchor for example in the descending aorta). In other embodiments it may have a relatively smaller diameter in its proximal region (e.g., 30 mm or less) to conform to a smaller descending aorta diameter and a relatively larger diameter in the middle portion if the ascending aorta diameter is much larger and dilated (e.g., 40 mm).
It is understood that any specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes disclosed is an illustration of example approaches. Based upon implementation preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes may be rearranged, or that not all illustrated blocks be performed. Any of the blocks may be performed simultaneously. In one or more embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the embodiments described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.
The subject technology is illustrated, for example, according to various aspects described above. The present disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The disclosure provides various examples of the subject technology, and the subject technology is not limited to these examples. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects.
A reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Pronouns in the masculine (e.g., his) include the feminine and neuter gender (e.g., her and its) and vice versa. Headings and subheadings, if any, are used for convenience only and do not limit the invention.
The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example or illustration.” Any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. In one aspect, various alternative configurations and operations described herein may be considered to be at least equivalent.
As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” preceding a series of items, with the term “or” to separate any of the items, modifies the list as a whole, rather than each item of the list. The phrase “at least one of” does not require selection of at least one item; rather, the phrase allows a meaning that includes at least one of any one of the items, and/or at least one of any combination of the items, and/or at least one of each of the items. By way of example, the phrase “at least one of A, B, or C” may refer to: only A, only B, or only C; or any combination of A, B, and C.
A phrase such as an “aspect” does not imply that such aspect is essential to the subject technology or that such aspect applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to an aspect may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. An aspect may provide one or more examples. A phrase such as an aspect may refer to one or more aspects and vice versa. A phrase such as an “embodiment” does not imply that such embodiment is essential to the subject technology or that such embodiment applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to an embodiment may apply to all embodiments, or one or more embodiments. An embodiment may provide one or more examples. A phrase such an embodiment may refer to one or more embodiments and vice versa. A phrase such as a “configuration” does not imply that such configuration is essential to the subject technology or that such configuration applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to a configuration may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. A configuration may provide one or more examples. A phrase such a configuration may refer to one or more configurations and vice versa.
In one aspect, unless otherwise stated, all measurements, values, ratings, positions, magnitudes, sizes, and other specifications that are set forth in this specification, including in the claims that follow, are approximate, not exact. In one aspect, they are intended to have a reasonable range that is consistent with the functions to which they relate and with what is customary in the art to which they pertain.
It is understood that some or all steps, operations, or processes may be performed automatically, without the intervention of a user. Method claims may be provided to present elements of the various steps, operations or processes in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.
All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the appended claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. No claims element is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112 (f) unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for” or, in the case of a method, the element is recited using the phrase “step for.” Furthermore, to the extent that the term “include,” “have,” or the like is used, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprise” as “comprise” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
The Title, Background, Brief Description of the Drawings, and Claims of the disclosure are hereby incorporated into the disclosure and are provided as illustrative examples of the disclosure, not as restrictive descriptions. It is submitted with the understanding that they will not be used to limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the Detailed Description, it can be seen that the description provides illustrative examples and the various features are grouped together in various embodiments for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed subject matter requires more features than are expressly recited in any claim. Rather, as the following claims s reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed configuration or operation. The following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claims standing on its own to represent separately claimed subject matter.
The claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims and to encompass all legal equivalents. Notwithstanding, none of the claims are intended to embrace subject matter that fails to satisfy the requirement of 35 U.S.C. § 101, 102, or 103, nor should they be interpreted in such a way.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/821,052, filed Mar. 20, 2019, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
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