API system, method and computer program product for accessing content/security analysis functionality in a mobile communication framework

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to mobile communication device security, and more particularly to scanning mobile communication devices for malware.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The last decade has seen a rapid growth in the number and use of mobile cellular telephones. More recently, wireless devices have been introduced which combine the functionality of mobile telephones and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs). It is expected that this area will undergo massive growth in the near future as new cellular telecommunication standards (i.e. GPRS, UMTS, and WAP) make possible the high speed transfer of data across the wireless interface.

[0003] It can be expected that such platforms will be susceptible to attack from so-called “malware” such as viruses, Trojan horses, and worms (referred to collectively hereinafter as “viruses”); and other unwanted/harmful content in much the same way as present day personal computers and workstations are susceptible. A number of mobile telephone viruses have already been identified.

[0004] In order to resist virus attacks, anti-virus software must be deployed into mobile platforms in much the same way as it has been deployed in the desktop environment. A number of different desktop anti-virus applications are currently available. The majority of these applications rely upon a basic scanning engine which searches suspect files for the presence of predetermined virus signatures. These signatures are held in a database which must be constantly updated to reflect the most recently identified viruses.

[0005] Typically, users download replacement databases every so often, either over the Internet, from a received e-mail, or from a CDROM or floppy disk. Users are also expected to update there software engines every so often in order to take advantage of new virus detection techniques which may be required when a new strain of virus is detected.

[0006] Mobile wireless platforms present a series of problems for software developers (including developers of anti-virus software). In particular, traditional content/security scanning systems are decoupled with the applications to be scanned. Prior Art FIG. 1A illustrates such a framework 10 where an application 12 and a scanner 14 interface with an operating system 16 in a decoupled manner. Unfortunately, this type of framework 10 requires additional overhead and code redundancies.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0007] A system, method and computer program product are provided for accessing security or content analysis functionality utilizing a mobile communication device. Included is an operating system installed on a mobile communication device capable of communicating via a wireless network. Further provided is an application program installed on the mobile communication device and executed utilizing the operating system for performing tasks. A scanning subsystem remains in communication with the application program via an application program interface. Such scanning subsystem is adapted for accessing security or content analysis functionality in conjunction with the tasks performed by the application program.

[0008] In one embodiment, the security or content analysis may include security analysis. In another embodiment, the security or content analysis may include content analysis. Still yet, the security or content analysis may include on-demand virus scanning and/or on-access virus scanning.

[0009] In another embodiment, the application program may include a mail application program, where the tasks include managing electronic mail. Further, the application program may include a browser application program, where the tasks include browsing a network. Still yet, the application program may include a phone book application program, where the tasks include managing a plurality telephone numbers. As an option, the application program may include a message application program, where the tasks include communicating messages. It should be noted that any type of application program may be included. For example, a Java application program or the like may be included.

[0010] In use, the security or content analysis functionality may be applied to application data associated with the tasks performed by the application program.

[0011] Optionally, the scanning subsystem may include a re-entrant library. In such embodiment, the scanning subsystem may be linked to the application program at run-time. As another option, the scanning subsystem may include as scanning program that communicates with the application program via the application program interface.

[0012] The application program interface may be capable of supporting various functionality such as system environment initialization, version status information retrieval, updating the scanning subsystem, scanning, configuring the scanning subsystem, etc.

[0013] Various calls provided with the application program interface may include an open call, a data call, and a close call. In use, the application program interface may be populated into each of a plurality of application programs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Prior Art FIG. 1A illustrates a framework where an application and a scanner interface with an operating system in a decoupled manner.

[0015]
FIG. 1 illustrates a mobile communication framework, in accordance with one embodiment.

[0016]
FIG. 2 illustrates a mobile communication framework, in accordance with another embodiment.

[0017]
FIG. 3 illustrates an architecture associated with a mobile communication device, in accordance with one embodiment.

[0018]
FIG. 4 shows a system for accessing security or content analysis functionality utilizing a mobile communication device, in accordance with one embodiment.

[0019]
FIG. 5 shows a framework for accessing security or content analysis functionality utilizing a mobile communication device, in accordance with an application server embodiment of the system of FIG. 4.

[0020]
FIG. 6 shows a framework for accessing security or content analysis functionality utilizing a mobile communication device, in accordance with a re-entrant library embodiment of the system of FIG. 4.

[0021]
FIG. 7 shows an on-demand scanning system implemented in the context of the system of FIG. 4.

[0022]
FIG. 8 shows a hierarchy of various components of an application program interface (API) which may be used to interface mobile application programs and a scanning subsystem, in accordance with one embodiment.

[0023]
FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary library interface initialization.

[0024]
FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary format of an error code functionality, in accordance with one embodiment.

[0025]
FIG. 11 illustrates a scanning subsystem API call sequence, in accordance with one embodiment.

[0026]
FIG. 12 illustrates one exemplary configuration API call sequence, in accordance with one embodiment.

[0027]
FIG. 13 illustrates various exemplary scan data types which the application programs are capable of communicating to the scanning subsystem via an API.

[0028]
FIG. 14 shows a bit-field variable containing malware severity flags and application program behavior levels, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment.

[0029]
FIG. 15 illustrates a chart setting forth the manner in which the timing of scanning by the scanning subsystem varies as a function of the data types identified via the variables of FIG. 13.

[0030]
FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary flow describing the manner in which the update is initiated by a user interface, in accordance with one embodiment.

[0031]
FIG. 17 illustrates a method for efficiently updating a scanning subsystem of a mobile communication device, in accordance with one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032]
FIG. 1 illustrates a mobile communication framework 100, in accordance with one embodiment. As shown, included are a mobile communication device 102 and a backend server 104 capable of communicating via a wireless network. In the context of the present description, the mobile communication device 102 may include, but is not limited to a cellular telephone, a wireless personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless hand-held computer, a wireless portable computer or any other mobile device capable of communication via a wireless network.

[0033] In one embodiment, the mobile communication device 102 may be equipped with a scanning subsystem 105. Such scanning subsystem 105 may include any subsystem capable of scanning data that is either stored on the mobile communication device 102 or in communication therewith. Of course, such scanning may refer to on-access scanning, on-demand scanning, or any other type of scanning. Moreover, the scanning may involve content (i.e. text, pictures, etc.) represented by the aforementioned data, general security-type scanning for malware, etc.

[0034] With continuing reference to FIG. 1, the mobile communication device 102 may be further equipped with a display 106 capable of depicting a plurality of graphical user interfaces 108 adapted for managing various functionality including the aforementioned scanning functionality.

[0035] In use, the display 106 of the mobile communication device 102 is used to display data on a network (i.e. the Internet, etc.). See operation 1. In the present course of use, the user may use the display 106 to browse various data on the network by selecting link or anchors for retrieving the data from the network via the backend server 104. See operation 2. Next, in operation 3, the scanning subsystem 105 is called to scan the retrieved data.

[0036] In the present instance, the scanning subsystem 105 is shown to have located malware in association with the retrieved data in operation 4. At this point, a user is provided with an option via the display 106 to either halt the retrieval and/or use/access the data regardless of the identified malware. Note operation 5. Based on the decision in operation 5, the user may or may not be the subject of an “attack,” as indicated in operation 6.

[0037]
FIG. 2 illustrates a mobile communication framework 200, in accordance with another embodiment. The present mobile communication framework 200 is similar to the mobile communication framework 100 of FIG. 1 with the exception of the manner in which the mobile communication device reacts to the identification of malware in retrieved data.

[0038] In particular, the user is only provided with one option in operation 5. That is, the user is capable of only closing any dialogue associated with the data found to incorporate malware. Note operation 6.

[0039]
FIG. 3 illustrates an architecture 300 associated with a mobile communication device, in accordance with one embodiment. The present architecture 300 may be incorporated into the mobile communication devices of FIGS. 1 and 2. Of course, the architecture 300 may be implemented in any desired context.

[0040] As shown, the present architecture 300 may include a plurality of mobile application programs 302. In the context of the present description, the mobile application programs 302 may include any application program, software, etc. installed on a mobile communication device for carrying out various tasks. It should be further noted that such application programs 302 may also be implemented in firmware, hardware, etc. per the desires of the user.

[0041] In another embodiment, the application programs 302 may include, but are not limited to a mail application program, where the tasks include managing electronic mail. Further, the application program may include a browser application program, where the tasks include browsing a network. Still yet, the application program may include a phone book application program, where the tasks include managing a plurality telephone numbers. As an option, the application program may include a message application program, where the tasks include communicating messages. It should be noted that any type of application program may be included. For example, a Java application program or the like may be included.

[0042] With continuing reference to FIG. 3, a scanning subsystem 304 resides in communication with the application programs 302 via a first application program interface (API) 306 and a first library 308 associated with the scanning subsystem 304. More information regarding optional exemplary details relating to the first application program interface 306 and the first library 308 will be set forth later in greater detail during reference to FIGS. 4-12.

[0043] As an option, the application programs 302 may communicate information to the scanning subsystem 304 to facilitate the scanning by the scanning subsystem 304. Such information may relate to the type of data to be scanned, and the timing associated with such scanning. More exemplary information regarding the way in which the scanning subsystem 304 interacts with the application programs 302 in such a manner will be set forth during reference to FIGS. 13-15.

[0044] As shown in FIG. 3, the first library 308 may include an update manager 310, a configuration manager 312, and a signature database 314. In use, the update manager 310 may manage the process with which the signature database 314 is updated with the latest signatures for scanning purposes. In one embodiment, the update process may be streamlined to accommodate the limited bandwidth inherent in mobile communication frameworks. More exemplary information regarding such update process will be set forth during reference to FIGS. 16-17.

[0045] Further provided as a component of the architecture 300 of FIG. 3 is an operating system 316 installed on the mobile communication device and adapted for executing the application programs 302. In one embodiment, the scanning subsystem 304 may be platform-independent, and thus be capable of being implemented on any type of operating system/mobile communication device combination.

[0046] To accommodate this feature, a second application program interface 318 and a second library 320 capable of supporting various functionality such as system/library initialization 322, error functions 336, memory allocation 334, input/output (I/O) 328, data authentication 332, synchronization 330, hypertext transfer protocol 326, device information 324, debugging 338, and other functionality (i.e. shared memory, system time, etc.). In one embodiment, the second application program interface 318 may be platform independent, similar to the scanning subsystem 304. More information regarding optional exemplary details relating to the second application program interface 318 and the second library 320 will be set forth later in greater detail during reference to Appendix A.

[0047]
FIG. 4 shows a system 400 for accessing security or content analysis functionality utilizing a mobile communication device, in accordance with one embodiment. In one example, the present system 400 may be implemented in the context of the application programs, scanning subsystem, and operating system of the architecture 300 of FIG. 3. It should be noted, however, that the present system 400 may be implemented in any desired context.

[0048] As shown, included is an operating system 402 installed on a mobile communication device capable of communicating via a wireless network. Further provided is an application program 404 installed on the mobile communication device and executed utilizing the operating system 402 for performing tasks.

[0049] A scanning subsystem 406 remains in communication with the application program 404 via an application program interface and an associated library (see, for example, the first application program interface 306 and first library 308 of FIG. 3). Such scanning subsystem 406 is adapted for accessing security or content analysis functionality in conjunction with the tasks performed by the application program 404. In one embodiment, the security or content analysis may include security analysis. In another embodiment, the security or content analysis may include content analysis. Still yet, the security or content analysis may include on-demand virus scanning and/or on-access virus scanning.

[0050] In use, the security or content analysis functionality may be applied to application data associated with the tasks performed by the application program 404. In the context of the present description, the application data may include any data input, processed, output, or otherwise associated with the performance of the tasks carried out by the application program 404.

[0051] By the tight coupling of the scanning subsystem 406 and application program 404 via the application program interface, less overhead and code redundancies are required. More exemplary information regarding such application program interface and the associated library will be set forth hereinafter in greater detail during reference to subsequent figures.

[0052]
FIG. 5 shows a framework 500 for accessing security or content analysis functionality utilizing a mobile communication device, in accordance with an application server embodiment of the system 400 of FIG. 4. It should be noted that the present framework 500 may be implemented in any desired context.

[0053] As shown, the scanning subsystem may include a scanning program 502 that communicates with the application program 504 via the application program interface 506 and an associated protocol (i.e. ultron messaging system). As will be set forth in greater detail later, the application program interface 506 may involve a first component 508 associated with the scanning program 502 and a second component 510 associated with the application program 504.

[0054] Various calls 512 provided with the application program interface 506 may include an open call, a data call, and a close call. In use, the scanning program 502 may scan application data 516 associated with the tasks performed by the application program 504.

[0055]
FIG. 6 shows a framework 600 for accessing security or content analysis functionality utilizing a mobile communication device, in accordance with a re-entrant library embodiment of the system 400 of FIG. 4. It should be noted that the present framework 600 may be implemented in any desired context.

[0056] As shown, the scanning subsystem may include a re-entrant library 602. In use, the scanning subsystem re-entrant library 602 may be linked to an application program 604 at run-time. Thus, an application program interface 606 may be populated into each of a plurality of application programs 604.

[0057] Similar to the previous framework 500 of FIG. 5, the application program interface 606 may involve various calls 612 including an open call, a data call, and a close call. In use, the re-entrant library 602 may be used to scan application data 616 associated with the tasks performed by the application program 604.

[0058]
FIG. 7 shows an on-demand scanning system 700 implemented in the context of the system 400 of FIG. 4. It should be noted that the present system 700 may be implemented in any desired context.

[0059] On-demand scanning provides scanning of stored application data 702 for malicious content or code for removal. The user may initiate on-demand scanning via a user interface 703. Moreover, each application program 704 may call a scanning subsystem 706 to perform scanning of objects stored in the corresponding memory.

[0060] On the other hand, on-access scanning provides identification of malicious code or content before the application program 704 processes or renders the application data 702. The on-access scanning is transparent to the user until the scanning subsystem 706 detects malicious application data 702.

[0061]
FIG. 8 shows a hierarchy of various components of an application program interface 800 which may be used to interface mobile application programs and a scanning subsystem, in accordance with one embodiment. As an option, the present application program interface 800 may be implemented in the context of the system 400 of FIG. 4. It should be noted, however, that the present application program interface 800 may be implemented in any desired context.

[0062] As shown in FIG. 8, the application program interface functions include MDoScanOpen( ) 802, MDoScanClose( ) 804, MDoScanVersion( ) 806, and MDoScanData( ) 808. MoDoScanOpen( ) 802 and MDoScanClose( ) 804 are used to create/open and close a scanning subsystem object instance. MDoScanVersion( ) 806 provides scanning subsystem and signature pattern data version information. MDoScanData( ) 808 performs content/data scanning and reporting. Also included in the scanner application program interface is MDoScanUpdate( ) 810 that provides malware signature database and detection logic updates. When MDoScanUpdate( ) 810 is called by an update application, the library connects to a remote back-end server (see, for example, FIG. 1) and downloads the latest files (i.e. mdo.sdb, mdo.pd).

[0063] Scanning subsystem configuration is done using the MDoConfigOpen( ) 812, MDoConfigClose( ) 814, MDoConfigGet( ) 816, and MDoConfigSet( ) 818. Once a configuration handle is obtained by calling the present application program interface 800, the calling application program uses the get and set configuration API to query and set scanning subsystem configuration variables.

[0064] Also included in the present application program interface 800 is an error retrieval function named MDoGetLastError( ) 820. This function is used to retrieve information about the last error that occurred.

[0065] Before any of the API calls are made, preferably at boot-time, MDosystemInit( ) 825 is called to initialize the library environment settings. The library keeps configuration settings, malicious code detection logic (i.e. mdo.pd) and signature database (i.e. mdo.sdb), and internal variables (i.e. synchronization objects, etc.) at fixed persistent storage locations.

[0066] MDoLibraryOpen( ) 830 and MDoLibraryClose( ) 840 are used to initialize the library. An application program may call MDoLibraryOpen( ) 830 before any other API calls are made, and the application program may call MDoLibraryClose( ) 840 before terminating.

[0067] The application program interface 800 may be capable of supporting various functionality such as system environment initialization, version status information retrieval, updating the scanning subsystem, scanning, configuring the scanning subsystem, etc. using various application program interface components. More information will now be set forth regarding the foregoing functionality in the context of the application program interface 800.

[0068] System Initialization

[0069] MDoSystemInit( ) 825 performs validation and environment initialization for data kept at specific persistent storage locations. A malicious code/content signature pattern database (i.e. mdo.sdb), detection logic (i.e. mdo.pd), configuration settings, and synchronization objects may be stored at these locations. MDoSystemInit( ) 825 may be called once (i.e. at boot-time) before any of the API functions are executed.

[0070] Table #1 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoSystemInit( ) 825.

1TABLE #1MDoSystemInitDescriptionVerify and initialize system environmentinformation.Prototypeint MDoSystemInit( void );ParametersnoneReturn Value0 if successful, non-zero error code otherwise.

[0071] Library Interface API

[0072] The application program interface 800 includes a plurality of library interface components. The API interface instantiation may be accomplished using MDoLibraryOpen( ) 830. The instantiated library interface handle obtained using this function may be used for subsequent API calls. Before the application program terminates, MDoLibraryClose( ) 840 may be called to release the handle. FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary library interface initialization 900 utilizing MDoLibraryOpen( ) 830 and MDoLibraryClose( ) 840.

[0073] Table #2 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoLibraryOpen( ) 830.

2TABLE #2MDoLibraryOpenDescriptionInitializes and returns an API library interfacehandle.PrototypeMDOLIB_HANDLE MDoLibraryOpen( void );ParametersnoneReturn Valuelibrary interface handle if successful,INVALID_MDOLIB_HANDLE otherwise.See AlsoMDoLibraryClose( )

[0074] Table #3 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoLibraryClose( ) 840.

3TABLE #3MDoLibraryCloseDescriptionReleases system resource associated with an APIlibrary handle returned by the MDoLibraryClose( )function.Prototypevoid MDoLibraryClose( MDOLIB_HANDLE hLib );ParameterhLib[in] library handled returned by MDoLibraryOpen.Return ValuenoneSee AlsoMDoLibraryOpen( )

[0075] Error Retrieval

[0076] Once the library has been successfully initialized and instantiated by MDoLibraryOpen( ) 830, MDoGetLastError( ) 820 provides the application program with information about the last error occurred.

[0077] Table #4 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoGetLastError( ) 820.

4TABLE #4MDoGetLastErrorDescriptionReturns the specified library instance's last-errorvalue.PrototypeMDoErrorCode MDoGetLastError(MDOLIB_HANDLE hLib);ParametershLib[in] library handled returned by MDoLibraryOpen.

[0078] Return Value

[0079] The MDoErrorCode data type may be defined as a 32-bit unsigned integer which contains both component and error codes. Often times, the error information retrieved may be set at the platform abstraction API layer. For this reason, the MDoErrorCode format given herein is similar to AlErrorCode format defined by the abstraction layer API (See Appendix A). FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary format 1000 of MDoErrorCode, in accordance with one embodiment.

[0080] Table #5 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoGetLastError( ) 820.

5TABLE #5MDoErrorCode is defined as:typedef unsigned long MDoErrorCode;See AlsoMDoLibraryOpen( ), MDoScanOpen( ), MDoScanData( ),MDoScanUpdate( )

[0081] Exemplary Computer Code #1 illustrates a sample library calling sequence with a call to MDoGetLastError( ) 820.

6Computer Code #1 . .MDOLIB_HANDLE hLib;MDOSCAN_HANDLE hScanner;MDoErrorCode errCode; . .hMDoLib = MDoLibraryOpen( );if( hMDoLib == INVALID_MDOLIB_HANDLE ){ return( −1 );} . .hScanner = MDoScanOpen( hLib );if( hScanner == INVALID_MDOSCAN_HANDLE ){ errCode = MDoGetLastError( hLib ); ReportError( errCode ); MDoLibraryClose( hMDoLib ); return( −1 );} . .MDoScanClose( hScanner );MDoLibraryClose( hMDoLib ); . .

[0082] Error Codes

[0083] An error code reported by MDoGetLastError 820 includes two parts: component code and error code. See Appendix A for more information. Table #6 lists exemplary error codes and corresponding component codes. MDoGetLastError 820 also returns error codes set at the abstract library layer. It should be noted that the following list is for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting in any manner.

7TABLE #6Component CodeError CodeDescriptionMDO_ERROR_MODULEMDOE_CFG_UNKNOWN_VARIABLEUnknown/invalidconfigurationvariable name.ML_ERROR_MODULEMLE_XFILE_SEEK_MODEInvalid metafile seek modevalue.MLE_XFILE_SEEK_OOBInvalid metafile seeklocation.MLE_XFILE_SIZE_OOBInvalid metafile size.MLE_PKG_INVALID_FILEInvalid updatepackage file.MLE_PKG_INVALID_FORMATInvalid updatepackage fileformat.MLE_SDB_INVALID_POSITIONInvalid SDBrecordposition.MLE_SDB_INVALID_STRUCTUREInvalid/corruptSDB recordstructure.MLE_SDB_RECORD_NOT_FOUNDMissing SDBrecord. Recordnot found.MLE_SDB_NO_INODESNo more SDBINode space.MLE_SDB_NO_BLOCKSNo more SDBblock space.MLE_SDB_INVALID_OFFSET_SIZEInvalid SDBoffset.MLE_SDB_BAD_INITIALIZE_PARAMSInvalid SDBinitializationparameter (s).MLE_ME_INVALID_SUBTYPEInvalid sub-record IDvalue.MLE_ME_INVALID_TYPEInvalid sub-record IDvalue.MLE_ME_TYPE_NOT_FOUNDUnknown sub-record IDvalue.MLE_ME_VIRUS_NOT_FOUNDMissing/invalidvirus code.MLE_DBU_INVALID_COMMANDInvalid SDBupdatecommand.MLE_ME_SMALL_VREC_ARRAYBad virus-record arraysize.MLE_ME_TOO_MANY_WVSELECT_BUCKETSFailed to addnew SDBrecord.MLE_ME_BACKPTR_OVERFLOWFailed toupdate SDBrecord.

[0084] Scanning Subsystem API

[0085] The application program interface 800 includes a plurality of scanning subsystem components. The scanning subsystem API components provide data/content scanning and signature update service. Included are MDoScanOpen( ) 802, MDoScanClose( ) 804, MDoScanVersion( ) 806, MDoScanUpdate( ) 810, and MDoScanData( ) 808. MDoScanOpen( ) 802 is used for scanning subsystem object instantiation. MDoScanVersion( ) 806 provides scanning subsystem and signature database version information. MDoScanUpdate( ) 810 performs the signature database update. MDoScanData( ) 808 performs malicious code/content data scanning. FIG. 11 illustrates a scanning subsystem API call sequence 1100, in accordance with one embodiment.

[0086] MDoScanOpen

[0087] Table #7 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoScanOpen( ) 802.

8TABLE #7DescriptionReturns a scanning subsystem instance handle.PrototypeMDOSCAN_HANDLE MDoScanOpen( MDOLIB_HANDLE hLib );ParametershLib[in] library handle obtained using theMDoLibraryOpen( ) function.Return ValueScanning subsystem instance handle if successful.INVALID_MDOSCAN_HANDLE is returned if error.See AlsoMDoScanClose( ), MDoScanData( ), MDoScanUpdate( ),MDoLibraryOpen( )

[0088] MDoScanClose

[0089] Table #8 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoScanClose( ) 804.

9TABLE #8DescriptionReleases scanning subsystem instance and associatedsystem resource.Prototypevoid MDoScanClose( MDOSCAN_HANDLE hScan );ParametershScan[in] Scanning subsystem handle obtained using theMDoScanOpen( ) function.Return ValuenoneSee AlsoMDoScanOpen( ), MDoScanData( ), MDoScanUpdate( )

[0090] MDoScanVersion

[0091] Table #9 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoScanVersion( ) 806.

10TABLE #9DescriptionObtain the scanning subsystem and signature versioninformation from a scanner handle returned by theMDoScanOpen( ) function.Prototypeint MDoScanVersion( MDOSCAN_HANDLEhScan, SVerInfo*pVersion );ParametershScan[in] Scanning subsystem handle obtained using theMDoScanOpen( ) function.pVersion[out] Pointer to a structure contain versioninformation.Return Value0 if successful, −1 otherwise.See AlsoMDoScanOpen( ), MDoScanClose( ), MDoScanData( ),MDoScanUpdate( )

[0092] Exemplary Computer Code #2 illustrates a sample version information structure.

11Computer Code #2/* version information consists of <device id> + <MDo> + <PD> + <SDB> For example: device id: “Win32TestPlatformRev05” MDo:1 mdo.pd:2 mdo.sdb:32*/#define MDO_DEVID_MAX 32typedef struct{ char szDevID[MDO_DEVID_MAX]; /* device id*/ unsigned int uMDoVer;/* version*/ unsigned int uEngVer;/* detection logic(mdo.pd) version */ unsigned int uSDbVer;/* signature database(mdo.sdb) version */} SVerInfo;

[0093] The mobile communication device identification string reported by MDoScanVersion( ) 806 is set using the device identification string returned by AlDevGetInfo. (See Appendix A).

[0094] MDoScanData

[0095] Table #10 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoScanData( ) 808.

12TABLE #10DescriptionMDoScanData is to be called from an applicationprogram to scan a specific data type. The callingapplication program specifies the scanner action,the scan target data type, a set I/O functions toaccess the data, and an optional callback function.The result of the data scanning is returned in acaller provided data structure. MDoScanData is re-entrant.Prototypeint MDoScanData( MDOSCAN_HANDLE hScan, SScanParam*pParam, SScanResult*pResult );ParametershScan[in] Scanning subsystem handle obtained from a callto the MDoScanOpen( ) function.pParam[in] Pointer to a structure containing data scanparameters.pResult[out] Pointer to a structure containing data scanresults.Return Value0 if successful, −1 otherwise and error code is set.See AlsoMDoScanOpen( ), MDoScanClose( ), MDoScanVersion( ),MDoScanUpdate( )

[0096] MDoScanUpdate

[0097] Table #11 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoScanUpdate( ) 810.

13TABLE #11DescriptionPerforms malicious code/content signature patterndatabase (mdo.sdb) and detection logic (mdo.pd)update.Prototypeint MDoScanUpdate( MDOSCAN_HANDLEhScan, SUpdateParam*pParam );ParametershScan[in] scan handle obtained using the MDoScanOpen( )function.pParam[in] Pointer to an update parameter structurecontaining a callback function pointer for updatecancellation/abort and progress status update.

[0098] Exemplary Computer Code #3 illustrates the manner in which the update parameter structure is defined.

14Computer Code #3Ltypedef struct SStatus_struct{ intiCurrent; intiTotal;} SStatus;typedef struct SUpdateParam_struct{ void* pPrivate; int (*pfCallBack) (void *pPrivate, int iReason, void*pParam);} SUpdateParam;

[0099] The calling application program may set the function pointer and the data to be passed to the function when calling the function. Note Table #12.

15TABLE #12Callback Reason(iReason)DescriptionMDO_UCB_STATUSCallback is made to report updatestatus. pParam points to the SStatusstructure. SStatus. iCurrent containsamount of data received and iTotalreports the total update data size inbytes.MDO_UCB_CANCELCallback is made to see if updatecancellation is set. pParam pointsNULL.

[0100] Configuration API

[0101] The application program interface 800 includes a plurality of configuration components. Included is a set of functions used to retrieve and specify the scanning subsystem settings. One goal of these functions is to provide application programs and the scanning subsystem with centralized runtime configuration access. The configuration data is stored in non-volatile persistent data storage (i.e. flash memory, etc.).

[0102]
FIG. 12 illustrates one exemplary configuration API call sequence 1200, in accordance with one embodiment. As shown, MDoConfigOpen( ) 830 returns a handle to be passed to the configuration retrieval and specification functions. MDoConfigClose( ) 814 is used to release and close the configuration handle returned by MDoConfigOpen( ) 812. MDoConfigSet( ) 818 sets a specified configuration variable with a specified value, and MDoConfigGet( ) 816 returns a configuration value for a specified variable. Configuration variable(s) settings modified by MDoConfSet( ) 818 is not necessarily saved to the permanent storage until MDoConfigClose( ) 814 is called.

[0103] Application programs may call configuration open, get or set, and immediately follow with the close function when accessing and/or specifying a variable value.

[0104] The configuration variables and values specified/retrieved using the configuration components of the application program interface 800 may be represented in null-character (“\0”) terminated, 8-bit character strings. Table #13 lists available configuration variables.

16TABLE #13ConfigurationVariableValue/ExampleDescription“ScanEnable”“0”disablescanning“1”enablescanning“UpdateURL”“http://update.mcafeeacsa.com/504i”Base-URL forsignaturefor update(see section0)

[0105] MDoConfigOpen

[0106] Table #14 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoConfigOpen( ) 812.

17TABLE #14DescriptionReturns a handle to a configuration setting to bepassed to subsequent calls to MDoConfigGet( ) andMDoConfigSet( ).PrototypeMDOCONFIG_HANDLE MDoConfigOpen( MDOLIB_HANDLE hLib);ParametershLib[in] library handle obtained using theMDoLibraryOpen( ) function.Return ValueConfiguration handle if successful.INVALID_MDOCONFIG_HANDLE is returned if error.See AlsoMDoConfigClose( ), MDoConfigSet( ), MDoConfigGet( )

[0107] MDoConfigClose

[0108] Table #15 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoConfigClose( ) 814.

18TABLE #15DescriptionReleases system resource and closes configurationhandle.Prototypevoid MDoConfigClose( MDOCONFIG_HANDLE hConfig );ParametershConfig[in] Configuration handle returned by theMDoConfigOpen( ) function.Return ValuenoneSee AlsoMDoConfigOpen( ), MDoConfigSet( ), MDoConfigGet( )

[0109] MDoConfigGet

[0110] Table #16 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoConfigGet( ) 816.

19TABLE #16DescriptionObtain a configuration value for the specifiedconfiguration variable.Prototypeint MDoConfigGet( MDOCONFIG_HANDLEhConfig char const*pszName, char*pBuffer, unsigned intuSize );ParametershConfig[in] Configuration handle returned by theMDoConfigOpen( ) function.pszName[in] NULL-terminated configuration variable name.pBuffer[out] NULL-terminated configuration setting/valuefor the variable specifieduSize[in] Length of pBuffer in bytes.Return Value0 if successful, −1 otherwise.See AlsoMDoConfigOpen( ), MDoConfigClose( ), MDoConfigSet( )

[0111] MDoConfigSet

[0112] Table #17 illustrates exemplary information regarding MDoConfigSet( ) 818.

20TABLE #17DescriptionSet a value for the specified configurationvariable.Prototypeint MDoConfigGet( MDOCONFIG_HANDLEhConfig char const*pszName, char const*pszValue );ParametershConfig[in] Configuration handle returned by theMDoConfigOpen( ) function.pszName[in] NULL-terminated configuration variable name.pszValue[int] NULL-terminated new configurationsetting/value for the variable specifiedReturn Value0 if successful, −1 otherwise.See AlsoMDoConfigOpen( ), MDoConfigClose( ), MDoConfigGet( )

[0113] Application Program/Scanning Subsystem Communication to Facilitate Scanning

[0114] As mentioned earlier, the application programs may communicate information to the scanning subsystem to facilitate the scanning by the scanning subsystem. This communication may be facilitated via the API described above. The foregoing information may relate to the type of data to be scanned, and the timing associated with such scanning. More description regarding the manner in which the above API accomplishes such will now be set forth.

[0115] Scan Parameters (SScanParam)

[0116] The calling application program may supply the scanning subsystem with a scanning parameter using the SScanParam structure. The information contained in the scan parameter provides the scanning subsystem with: 1) scanning subsystem action type (i.e. iAction), 2) the scan data type (i.e. the type of the application data to be scanned—iDataType), 3) data pointer to the scan target (i.e. pprivate), 4) function to retrieve the data size in bytes (i.e. pfGetSize), 5) function to resize the scan data (i.e. pfSetSize), 6) function used by the scanning subsystem to retrieve a block of scan data (i.e. pfRead), 6) function used to write to the scan data (i.e. pfWrite), and 7) call-back function for scanning subsystem status/progress reporting (i.e. pfCallBack).

[0117] Exemplary Computer Code #4 illustrates a data scan parameter structure.

21Computer Code #4typedef struct SScanParam_struct{ intiAction; intiDataType; void*pPrivate; unsigned int (* pfGetSize) ( void* pPrivate ); int (* pfSetSize) ( void* pPrivate, unsigned int uSize ); unsigned int (* pfRead) ( void* pPrivate, unsigned int uOffset, void* pBuffer, unsigned int uCount ); unsigned int (* pfWrite) ( void* pPrivate, unsigned int uOffset, void const* pBuffer, unsigned int uCount ); int (* pfCallBack) ( void* pPrivate, int iReason, SCBArg const* pCBArg );} SSCanParam;

[0118] Scan Action (iAction)

[0119] The scan action specifies the type of scanning to be performed on supplied application data. Table #18 illustrates various exemplary scan actions.

22TABLE #18Scan Action IDDescriptionMDO_SA_SCAN_ONLYThe scanning subsystem performsscanning and reports malicious codefound. No repairing will be performed.MDO_SA_SCAN_REPAIRAfter performing scanning, objectcontaining malicious code will berepaired.

[0120] Scan Data Type (iDataType)

[0121] The calling application program may inform the scanning subsystem of the application data type and format using this variable.

[0122]
FIG. 13 illustrates various exemplary application data types 1300 which the application programs are capable of communicating to the scanning subsystem via the API. The un-string format may conform to the Uniform Resource Locators (RFC 1738) specification. The email-string format may conform with the Internet E-mail address format (RFC 822) specification. The default domain may be set to any desired domain. Still yet, the phone-number string may include the numeric characters ‘0’ through ‘9’, and the ‘#’ and ‘*’ characters.

[0123] Scan Data Pointer/Handle (pPrivate)

[0124] A pointer (or handle) to an application scan object is further provided. The scanning subsystem does not necessarily perform direct memory I/O using this data pointer/handle. The data pointer/handle is passed back to the caller to perform read/write using the caller specified I/O functions.

[0125] Scan Data Size (pfGetSize)

[0126] The present function is used by the scanning subsystem to obtain the scan target data size (in bytes) from the calling application program.

[0127] Scan Data Resize (pfSetSize)

[0128] This function is used by the scanning subsystem to request the calling application program to resize the application data being repaired/cleaned to a given size (in bytes). This function may be used in conjunction with the scan-and-repair/delete option.

[0129] Scan Data Read Function (pfRead)

[0130] The instant function may be used by the scanning subsystem to read a specified amount of application data from the calling application program.

[0131] Scan Data Write Function (pfWrite)

[0132] This is an optional parameter which may be used by the scanning subsystem to write a specified amount of application data to the scan object as a part of the repair process. This function pointer may be set if the scan-action is set for repair or deletion.

[0133] Callback Function (pfCallBack)

[0134] If specified, the scanning subsystem calls the specified function with the information described in below table. The callback function, if returned with a negative return value, aborts the scanning process. Table #19 sets forth an exemplary callback code list.

23TABLE #19CallbackReason IDDescriptionMDO_CB_DETECTEDInforms the calling application programa malicious code has been detected inthe scan target. The callback dataargument ‘arg’ is set to pointer to aSCBArg structure.MDO_CB_CLEAN_READYInforms the calling application programidentified malware is ready to becleaned/repaired. The callback dataargument ‘arg’ is set to pointer to aSCBArg structure.

[0135] Exemplary Computer Code #5 illustrates a scanning subsystem callback structure.

24Computer Code #5typedef struct SCBArg_struct{ text_t const* pszName; /* detected malware name */ text_t const* pszVariant; /* detected malware's variant name*/ unsigned int uType; /* malware type */} SCBArg;

[0136] Scan Result (SScanResult)

[0137] The result of object scanning, detected malware information, is returned to the calling application program in the SScanResult structure provided by the calling application program. The SScanResult structure contains a pointer to a structure that contains scan result information, and a pointer to a function used to remove the scan result resource. The memory used to hold the scan result is allocated by the scanning subsystem and freed by calling the function pointed by the pfDeleteResult pointer.

[0138] Exemplary Computer Code #6 illustrates a sample calling sequence.

25Computer Code #6int ScanAppData( ... ){ SScanResult scanResult; . . if(MDoScanData( hScanner, &scanParam,&scanResult ) == 0) { . . scanResult.pfFreeResult( &scanResult ); } . .}

[0139] Exemplary Computer Code #7 illustrates a detected malicious code/content information structure.

26Computer Code #7typedef struct SDetected_struct{ struct SDetected_struct* pNext;/* pointer to nextmalware found *//* NULL if at the endof list */ text_t const* pszName;/* detected malwarename */ text_t const* pszVariant;/* detected malware'svariant name */ unsigned int uType;/* detected malwaretype */ unsigned int uBehavior;/* bit-fieldspecifiying severity *//* class and behaviorlevel */} SDetected;

[0140] Exemplary Computer Code #8 illustrates a scan result structure.

27Computer Code #8typedef struct SScanResult_struct{ int iNumDectected;/* number of malwarefound */ SDetected* pList;/* detected malwarelist */ /* function ptr used to free reported scan result*/ void (* pfFreeResult) ( struct SScanResult_struct*pResult );} SScanResult;

[0141] Severity Class and Behavior Level (uBehavior)

[0142]
FIG. 14 shows a bit-field variable 1400 containing malware severity flags and application program behavior levels included in the SDetect structure, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment.

[0143] Table #20 sets forth an exemplary malware severity class list.

28TABLE #20Severity FlagDescriptionMDO_SC_USERDetected malware is harmful to the user.MDO_SC_TERMINALDetected malware is harmful to thedevice.

[0144] The scanning subsystem sets the MDO_SC_USER flag, if the scanned application data contains malware harmful to the user of the mobile communication device. MDO_SC_TERMINAL flag is set if it is harmful to the mobile communication device itself. Both MDO_SC_USER and MDO_SC_TERMINAL flags are set if it is harmful to both the user and the mobile communication device.

[0145] The application program behavior level specifies what to do with the application data containing the detected malware. Table #21 lists the behavior level values and corresponding actions by the application program.

29TABLE #21BehaviorLevelDescriptionMDO_BC_LEVEL0Process with a warning. This severitylevel may be assigned to data previouslyconsidered malicious.MDO_BC_LEVEL1Prompt the user before processing. Askthe user if he/she wants the applicationto process the data.MDO_BC_LEVEL2Do not process the data.MDO_BC_LEVEL3Do not process the data and prompt userfor removal. If the content is stored onthe device, prompt the user forpermission before removal.MDO_BC_LEVEL4Do not process the data and automaticallyremove if stored.

[0146] When multiple malicious codes are found in a scanned application data, the calling application program is expected to act with the highest behavior level. For example, if both MDO_BC_LEVEL0 and MDO_BC_LEVEL3 are reported, the application program may take on MDO_BC_LEVEL3 actions.

[0147]
FIG. 15 illustrates a chart 1500 setting forth the manner in which the timing of scanning by the scanning subsystem varies as a function of the data types identified via the variables of FIG. 13.

[0148] Signature Database Update

[0149] As mentioned earlier, the update process may be streamlined to accommodate the limited bandwidth inherent in mobile communication frameworks. More information regarding the various ways that this may be accomplished will now be set forth.

[0150] Updated Components

[0151] The MDoScanUpdate function provides two components [i.e. malicious code detection logic (mdo.pd) and signature database (mdo.sdb)] with update service. One component (i.e. mdo.pd) may contain the detection logic and be updated fully when a newer version is available. Another component (i.e. mdo.sdb) may be updated incrementally up to n previous versions. A full update for the second component may be performed on mobile communication devices with versions older than n. For example, if n is set to 5, and the latest version is 20, then a full update is performed on mobile communication devices with a version older than 15.

[0152] Activation Via User Interface

[0153]
FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary flow 1600 describing the manner in which the update is initiated by a user interface, in accordance with one embodiment. As shown, the virus pattern update may be initiated by the mobile communication device user by selecting a menu entry via a user interface 1602. Once the user selects the update menu, an update application 1604 is activated and connects to a back end server via the appropriate update interface function 1606.

[0154] Communication Protocol

[0155] The update library may communicate with the back end server via HTTP protocol.

[0156] Update Process

[0157]
FIG. 17 illustrates a method 1700 for efficiently updating a scanning subsystem of a mobile communication device, in accordance with one embodiment. In one embodiment, the present method 1700 may be implemented in the context of the application programs, scanning subsystem, and operating system of the architecture 300 of FIG. 3 and systems of FIGS. 1 and 2. It should be noted, however, that the present method 1700 may be implemented in any desired context.

[0158] To initiate the process, a request for an update may be sent from at least one mobile communication device to a back-end server. Of course, in other embodiments, the update may be sent without a request.

[0159] In one embodiment, the update may be requested by the mobile communication device utilizing a request data structure. Optionally, such data structure may include variables such as a uniform resource locator (URL) variable, mobile communication identifier variable, an application program interface version variable, a detection logic variable, a signature version variable, and/or a portion number variable.

[0160] Table #22 illustrates an exemplary URL that may be used for such purpose.

30TABLE #22<BASE-URL>?dev=<DEV-ID>&mdo=<MDO-VER>&eng=<ENG-VER>&sdb=<SDB-VER>&chk=<CHUNK>Below is a table that describes the above URL variablesVariableDescription<BASE-update server URL obtained using theURL>MDoConfigGet function (see section 0)<DEV-ID>Mobile communication device identifier;returned by the AlDevGetInfo function.<MDO-MDo API versionVER><ENG-detection logic, mdo.pd, versionVER><SDB-signature database, mdo.sdb, versionVER><CHUNK>update package chunk, or portion, number; one(=1) initially

[0161] Table #23 illustrates a specific example of a URL that conforms with the above description.

31TABLE #23http://update.mcafeeacsa.com/504i?dev=X504i05&mdo=2&eng=3&sdb=56&chk=1

[0162] The above URL of Table #23 specifies base-URL “http://update.mcafeeacsa.com/504i”, “X504i05” as the device identifier, API version 2, malicious code detection logic version 3, and signature database version 56. It should be noted that the “chunk,” or portion, number may be set to 1 when the mobile communication device initially contacts the back end server. Also, the base-URL may be obtained using the MDoConfigGet API using the “UpdateURL” configuration variable.

[0163] After receiving the request, the back end server determines which update package needs to be downloaded by comparing stored malicious code detection logic and signature database versions with the version information encoded in the URL.

[0164] If no update is needed, the backend returns a no-content response. In operation 1701, the mobile communication device receives the response as the first portion. If it is determined that the first portion includes the foregoing no-content response (see decision 1702), the method 1700 is terminated, as there is no update to download. Such feature is beneficial in accommodating the limited bandwidth inherent in mobile communication frameworks.

[0165] On the other hand, if the first portion of an update package is returned, the method 1700 is continued by receiving additional portions of the update subsequent to (or possibly in parallel with) the receipt of the first portion of the update. Note operations 1704-1708. It should be noted that the first portion may be accompanied with the total package size and portion count information.

[0166] To download the remaining update portions, the portion number of the download URL may be modified. Table #24 illustrates a specific example of a URL that specifies portion number “3.”

32TABLE #24http://update.mcafeeacsa.com/504i?dev=X504i05&mdo=2&eng=3&sdb=56&chk=3

[0167] In one embodiment, integrity of the update may be determined. Accordingly, the update may be conditionally installed with the scanning subsystem, based on whether the integrity of the update is verified.

[0168] As an option, the integrity of the update may be determined utilizing a signature. Such signature may be received with one of the portions (i.e. a last portion) of the update. Then, the signature may be compared against another signature generated utilizing each of the portions of the update. Note operation 1710.

[0169] In one embodiment, the signature may be generated using a RSA private key and authenticated on the mobile communication device using a corresponding public key included in the update. The signature verification and generation may further be performed using a specified authentication library.

[0170] Assuming that the integrity is verified, any scanning being performed by the scanning subsystem is paused, or halted. Note operation 1712. It should be noted that such pausing may be optional.

[0171] Next, the update may be installed with the scanning subsystem. Note operation 1714. In the embodiment where any scanning is paused, the scanning may subsequently be resumed utilizing the scanning subsystem upon the update being installed with the scanning subsystem. See operation 1716.

[0172] To accommodate the limited bandwidth inherent in mobile communication frameworks, a size of the portions of the update may be minimized. Moreover, the portions of the update may be compressed.

[0173] In yet another embodiment, a format of each portion of the update may be designed to accommodate the limited bandwidth inherent in mobile communication frameworks. More information will now be set forth regarding such format.

[0174] Table #25 illustrates an exemplary format for downloading the portions of the update.

33TABLE #25MPKG<part1><part2> . . .<partn>[signature:sig-len][sig-len:4]

[0175] Each of the foregoing parts set forth in Table #25 is defined as follows in Table #26.

34TABLE #26X-ContentLength: <part-length>\r\nX-ContentName: <part-name>\r\nX-Name: <component-name>\r\nX-Version: <component-version>\r\n\r\n[part-data: part-length bytes]

[0176] Each part is made up of a header and data. Such header may indicate an identifier of the associated portion of the update, a length of the associated portion of the update, etc. Moreover, the header may specify the contained data name and length, and be separated from the actual data with an extra CR+LF pair. Table #27 sets forth exemplary data/content names associated with the header.

35TABLE #27ComponentNameDescription“pd”detection logic“sdb”signature database update

[0177] Table #28 illustrates an exemplary update package.

36TABLE #28MPKGX-ContentLength: 6423\r\nX-ContentName: update30_32\r\nX-Name: sdb\r\nX-Version: 32\r\n\r\n<SDB update binary:6423><signature: sig-len><sig-len:4>

[0178] Abstract Library API

[0179] As mentioned previously, a platform-independent system and associated method are provided for use with a mobile communication device. Included is a platform-independent scanning subsystem in communication with the operating system of a mobile communication device for scanning purposes. Further provided is a platform-independent application program interface for interfacing the operating system and the scanning subsystem. The platform-independent application program interface includes an abstract library for porting the platform-independent scanning subsystem to the mobile communication device and associated operating system.

[0180] By this design, the scanning subsystem may be platform-independent, and thus be capable of being implemented on any type of operating system/mobile communication device combination.

[0181] In one embodiment, the abstract library may support system initialization, library initialization, error functions, memory allocation, input/output (I/O), data authentication, synchronization, hypertext transfer protocol, shared memory, system time, device information, and debugging. More exemplary information relating to one optional implementation of the foregoing application program interface is set forth in Appendix A.

[0182] While various embodiments have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Thus, the breadth and scope of a preferred embodiment should not be limited by any of the above described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.

API system, method and computer program product for accessing content/security analysis functionality in a mobile communication framework

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