Apochromatically corrected microscope objective

Abstract

A microscope objective with high aperture, large object field and apochromatic correction in the wavelength range from ultraviolet to infrared. The microscope objective includes, starting from the object level: a first group of lenses with overall positive refraction power, including a cemented group with positive-negative refraction power effect, made out of one of two lenses, and of a further lens with positive refraction power, a second group of lenses with positive refraction power, including three cemented lenses, a third group of lenses with negative refraction power, including three cemented lenses, in which the side that faces the image plane is convex, a fourth group of lenses, consisting of a lens with positive refraction power and a cemented group of two lenses with positive-negative refraction power, and a fifth group of lenses, including two lenses in a cemented group with negative-positive refraction power.

Description

RELATED APPLICATION

The current application claims the benefit of priority to German Patent Application No. 10 2005 027 423.4 filed on Jun. 10, 2005. Said application is incorporated by reference herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a microscope objective with high aperture, large object field with apochromatic correction in a wavelength range of 365 nm (ultraviolet) to 850 nm (infrared).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The efficiency of a microscope depends primarily on the performance data and the correction quality of the microscope objective. For efficiency is affected by, for example, the aperture (resolution), the object field (the size of the intermediate image divided by the object magnification) as well as the spectral range for which the microscope objective is usable. The correction quality may usually be defined by data such as smoothing and color correction.

So far microscope objectives with apochromatic correction are only available for relatively small spectral regions, such as for example only for the visual spectrum, for spectral regions of ultraviolet to visible, or from visible to infrared. However, the newest microscopy techniques, in particular, fluorescent microscopy, require being able to work in the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelength ranges without having to change the microscope objective.

Such an objective is described in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,659,425, which is apochromatically corrected, however likewise only for a relatively small spectral region. In addition, the object field seizing with this objective is too small for many interesting applications due to the high object magnification.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Because of this, the purpose of the invention is based on creating a microscope objective with high aperture and large object field, which can be used from the ultraviolet to the infrared spectral regions.

The microscope objective, according to the invention, includes, starting from the object level:

• • a first group of lenses (G1) with overall positive refraction power, having
  • a cemented group with positive-negative refraction power effect, made out of one of two lenses (L1, L2), and of
  • a further lens (L3) with positive refraction power,
  • a second group of lenses (G2) with positive refraction power, consisting of three cemented lenses (L4, L5, L6),
  • a third group of lenses (G3) with negative refraction power, consisting of three cemented lenses (L7, L8, L9), wherein the side that faces the image plane is convex,
  • a fourth group of lenses (G4), consisting of a lens (L10) with positive refraction power and a cemented group of two lenses (L11, L12) with positive-negative refraction power, and
  • a fifth group of lenses (G5), consisting of one of two lenses (L13, L14) from a cemented group with negative-positive refraction power.

The focal length of the group of lenses (G2) preferably should not be smaller than 15 mm, the focal length magnitude of the group of lenses (G3) should not be smaller than 20 mm, and the focal lengths magnitudes of the lenses (L5, L8) should not be larger than 20 mm in each case.

In a first embodiment, in which a microscope objective according to invention is arranged with radii r, thicknesses D and distances A indicated in following table is implemented in mm, refractive indices n_e with a wavelength by 546.07 nm and Abbe number ν_e, an aperture of 1.2 is attained with a working distance smaller or equal to 0.28 mm (plus the cover glass):

Object level	r	D	A	ne	ve
G1
	∞
L1		0.82		1.46008	67.7
	−0.892
L2		3.24		1.88815	40.5
	−3.351
			0.06
	−13.143
L3		2.8		1.53019	76.6
	−5.957
			0.16
G2
	11.965
L4		6.15		1.53430	48.6
	−10.291
L5		0.95		1.64132	42.2
	18.566
L6		3.87		1.43985	94.5
	−15.8495
			0.06
G3
	46.9796
L7		3.15		1.43985	94.5
	−12.496
L8		0.95		1.73739	51.2
	8.7856
L9		5.18		1.43985	94.5
	−25.2995
			0.16
G4
	11.8839
L10		5.1		1.45720	89.9
	−43.0888
			0.122
	7.606
L11		5.95		1.53019	76.6
	−17.151
L12		0.9		1.64132	42.2
	4.529
			5.196
G5
	−4.598
L13		0.92		1.62247	63.2
	−10.82
L14		2.07		1.62408	36.1
	−6.2197
			126.8

In a second embodiment, with the following specified radii r, thicknesses D and distances A in mm, the refractive indices n_e with a wavelength from 546.07 Nm and Abbe numbers ν_e, the microscope objective according to the invention attains an aperture of 1.1 with a working distance smaller or equal to 0.62 mm (plus the cover glass).

Object level	r	D	A	ne	ve
G1
	∞
L1		0.86		1.46008	67.7
	−1.06
L2		3.7		1.88815	40.5
	−3.813
			0.06
	−15.732
L3		2.8		1.48794	84.1
	−6.778
			0.16
G2
	13.046
L4		6		1.53430	48.6
	−10.745
L5		0.95		1.64132	42.2
	21.9103
L6		4		1.43985	94.5
	−15.2898
			0.067
G3
	23.207
L7		4		1.43985	94.5
	−11.965
L8		0.95		1.73739	51.2
	8.913
L9		4.2		1.43985	94.5
	−40.0981
			0.166
G4
	11.141
L10		3.9		1.43985	94.5
	−60.4312
			0.123
	7.829
L11		5.37		1.48794	84.1
	−18.836
L12		2.03		1.61664	44.3
	4.598
			4.494
G5
	−4.468
L13		1.05		1.62247	63.2
	−12.6822
L14		2.51		1.65803	39.4
	−6.541
			96.378

Both examples concern immersion objectives, which are planapochromatically corrected within a spectral range from 365 nm to 850 nm and can achieve an enlargement of 40× with an intermediate image of 2y′=25 mm.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of an exemplary microscope objective in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The two embodiment examples of the invention are described with reference to FIG. 1.

FIG. 1 schematically depicts an exemplary microscope objective. It includes, from the object level:

• • a first group of lenses G1 with common positive refractive power, consisting of a cemented group of two lenses L1 and L2 with a positive-negative refraction power effect, in which the first optically effective surface that faces the object is made flat and the centers of curvature of the two following optically effective surfaces lie toward to the object level, and further consists of a lens L3 with positive refraction power and centers of curvature likewise located toward the object;
  • a second group of lenses G2, likewise with common positive refraction power, consisting of three lenses L4, L5 and L6 cemented to each other;
  • a third group of lenses G3, with common negative refraction power, consisting of three lenses L7, L8 and L9 cemented to each other, in which the face facing the image level has a convex form;
  • a fourth group of lenses G4, consisting of a lens L10 with positive refraction power and is followed by a group of two lenses L11 and L12 cemented to each other, which have a positive-negative refraction power; and
  • a fifth group of lenses of G5 built as a cemented group, formed by two lenses L13 and L14 with a negative-positive refractive power effect.

In the first embodiment example, the microscope objective is built as an immersion objective, planapochromatically corrected for a spectral range from 365 nm to 850 nm, laid out for an enlargement of 40× with an intermediate image of 2y′=25 mm and configured with the following specified radii r, thicknesses D and distances A in mm, refractive indices n_e with a wavelength of 546,07 Nm and Abbe number ν_e aperture 1,2 with a work distance smaller or equal to 0.28 mm (plus the cover glass):

Object level	r	D	A	ne	ve
G1
	∞
L1		0.82		1.46008	67.7
	−0.892
L2		3.24		1.88815	40.5
	−3.351
			0.06
	−13.143
L3		2.8		1.53019	76.6
	−5.957
			0.16
G2
	11.965
L4		6.15		1.53430	48.6
	−10.291
L5		0.95		1.64132	42.2
	18.566
L6		3.87		1.43985	94.5
	−15.8495
			0.06
G3
	46.9796
L7		3.15		1.43985	94.5
	−12.496
L8		0.95		1.73739	51.2
	8.7856
L9		5.18		1.43985	94.5
	−25.2995
			0.16
G4
	11.8839
L10		5.1		1.45720	89.9
	−43.0888
			0.122
	7.606
L11		5.95		1.53019	76.6
	−17.151
L12		0.9		1.64132	42.2
	4.529
			5.196
G5
	−4.598
L13		0.92		1.62247	63.2
	−10.82
L14		2.07		1.62408	36.1
	−6.2197
			126.8

This first embodiment variation can used with to a tube according to the following table:

	r	D	A	ne	ve
				126.8
		189.417
	TL1		10.9		1.58212	53.6
		−189.417
				60
		∞
	TL2		80		1.51872	64.0
		∞
				48.2
	Image plane

In the second embodiment example, the microscope objective according to invention is again designed as an immersion objective, for which the spectral range from 365 nm to 850 nm is corrected planapochromatically, laid out for an enlargement of 40× with an intermediate image of 2y′=25 mm and achieving with the following construction specifications an aperture of 1.1 with a work distance smaller or equal to 0.62 mm (plus the cover glass):

Object level	r	D	A	ne	ve
G1
	∞
L1		0.86		1.46008	67.7
	−1.06
L2		3.7		1.88815	40.5
	−3.813
			0.06
	−15.732
L3		2.8		1.48794	84.1
	−6.778
			0.16
G2
	13.046
L4		6		1.53430	48.6
	−10.745
L5		0.95		1.64132	42.2
	21.9103
L6		4		1.43985	94.5
	−15.2898
			0.067
G3
	23.207
L7		4		1.43985	94.5
	−11.965
L8		0.95		1.73739	51.2
	8.913
L9		4.2		1.43985	94.5
	−40.0981
			0.166
G4
	11.141
L10		3.9		1.43985	94.5
	−60.4312
			0.123
	7.829
L11		5.37		1.48794	84.1
	−18.836
L12		2.03		1.61664	44.3
	4.598
			4.494
G5
	−4.468
L13		1.05		1.62247	63.2
	−12.6822
L14		2.51		1.65803	39.4
	−6.541
			96.378

A tube can be used with the second embodiment variation of the microscope objective, according to the following table:

	r	D	A	ne	ve
				96.378
		147.49
	TL1		6		1.58565	46.2
		−273.84
				14
		∞
	TL2		161.2		1.51872	64.0
		∞
				41.93
	Image plane

In comparison with the current state of the art, an apochromatic correction for a large spectral range can be achieved with the present described microscope objective for a relatively low magnification and so the field of view can be favorably extended, since large microscopic object fields can be observed within the range from “ultraviolet” to “infrared”, without having to exchange several objectives in each case for smaller spectral ranges.

In comparison with the objective described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,659,425, these advantages are obtained in particular by expanding a luminous beam after the third group of lenses.

REFERENCE SYMBOL LIST

G1 G5 Lenses groups
L1 L14 Lenses

Claims

1. An apochromatically corrected microscope objective, including, from an object end: a first group of lenses (G1) having overall positive refractive power, comprising a cemented group having two lenses (L1, L2), including a first lens having positive refractive power and a second lens having a negative refractive power and a further lens (L3) having positive refractive power, a second group of lenses (G2) having overall positive refractive power, comprising three cemented lenses (L4, L5, L6), a third group of lenses (G3) having overall negative refractive power, comprising three cemented lenses (L7, L8, L9), wherein the side of the third group of lenses that faces the image plane is convex, a fourth group of lenses (G4), comprising a lens (L10) with positive refractive power and a cemented group of two lenses (L11, L12) including a third lens having positive refractive power and a fourth lens having negative refraction power, and a fifth group of lenses (G5), comprising two lenses (L13, L14) in a cemented group including a fifth lens having negative refractive power and a sixth lens having positive refractive power.

2. A microscope objective according to claim 1, in which the magnitude of the focal length of the second group of lenses (G2) is greater than or about equal to 15 mm.

3. A microscope objective according to claim 1, in which the magnitude of the focal length of the third group of lenses (G3) is greater than or about equal to 20 mm.

4. A microscope objective according to claim 1, in which the magnitudes of the focal lengths of the lenses (L5, L8) are each greater than or about equal to 20 mm.

5. A microscope objective according to claim 1, built as an immersion objective, which is planapochromatically corrected within a spectral range from 365 nm to 850 nm, and which makes possible an enlargement of about 40× with an intermediate image of 2 y′ about equal to 25 mm and an aperture of about 1.2 with a working distance less than or equal to about 0.28 mm (plus cover glass), meeting the following criteria wherein radii are represented by r, thicknesses are represented by D and distances are represented by A in mm, refractive indices are represented by ne at a wavelength of 546.07 nm and Abbe numbers are represented by νe as follows:

6. A microscope objective according to claim 1, built as an immersion objective,, which is planapochromatically corrected within a spectral range from 365 nm to 850 nm and which makes possible an enlargement of about 40× with an intermediate image of 2 y′ about equal to 25 mm, and an aperture of about 1.1 with a working distance less than or equal to about 0.62 mm (plus a cover glass), meeting the following criteria wherein radii are represented by r, thicknesses are represented by D and distances are represented by A in mm, refractive indices are represented by ne with a wavelength of 546.07 nm and Abbe numbers are represented by νe: