Apoptosis-inducing agents for the treatment of cancer and immune and autoimmune diseases

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention pertains to compounds which inhibit the activity of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic proteins, compositions containing the compounds, and methods of treating diseases during which anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins are expressed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins are associated with a number of diseases. There is therefore an existing need in the therapeutic arts for compounds which inhibit the activity of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins.

Involvement of Bcl-2 proteins in bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bone marrow cancer, cervical cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lymphoblastic leukemia, follicular lymphoma, lymphoid malignancies of T-cell or B-cell origin, melanoma, myelogenous leukemia, myeloma, oral cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer, spleen cancer, and the like is described in commonly-owned PCT US 2004/36770, published as WO 2005/049593, and PCT US 2004/37911, published as WO 2005/024636.

Involvement of Bcl-2 proteins in immune and autoimmune diseases is described in Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 2003, 3, 378-384; British Journal of Haematology 2000, 110(3), 584-90; Blood 2000, 95(4), 1283-92; and New England Journal of Medicine 2004, 351(14), 1409-1418. Involvement of Bcl-2 proteins in arthritis is disclosed in commonly-owned U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/988,479. Involvement of Bcl-2 proteins in bone marrow transplant rejection is disclosed in commonly-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/941,196.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One embodiment of this invention pertains to compounds or therapeutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, metabolites, or salts of prodrugs thereof, which are useful as inhibitors of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, the compounds having Formula I

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wherein

A¹is N or C(A²);

A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, C(O)OH, C(O)NH₂, C(O)OR^1A; NO₂, OCF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₂CF₃, NH₂, C(O)NH₂, NR¹C(O)R¹, NR¹S(O)₂R¹, NR¹C(O)OR¹, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR¹, NHC(O)N(R¹)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR¹, C(O)NHSO₂R¹, SO₂NH₂, C(O)H, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR¹, C(N)N(R¹)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, N₃, or NHS(O)R¹;

E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

A², B¹, and D¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, C(O)OH, C(O)NH₂, C(O)OR^1A, NO₂, OCF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₂CF₃, NH₂, C(O)NH₂, NR¹C(O)R¹, NR¹S(O)₂R¹, NR¹C(O)OR¹, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR¹, NHC(O)N(R¹)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR¹, C(O)NHSO₂R¹, SO₂NH₂, C(O)H, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR¹, C(N)N(R¹)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, N₃, or NHS(O)R¹;

Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, C(O)OH, C(O)NH₂, C(O)OR^1A, NO₂, OCF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₂CF₃, NH₂, C(O)NH₂, NR¹C(O)R¹, NR¹S(O)₂R¹, NR¹C(O)OR¹, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR¹, NHC(O)N(R¹)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR¹, C(O)NHSO₂R¹, SO₂NH₂, C(O)H, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR¹, C(N)N(R¹)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, N₃, or NHS(O)R¹;

A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, C(O)OH, C(O)NH₂, C(O)OR^1A, NO₂, OCF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₂CF₃, NH₂, C(O)NH₂, NR¹C(O)R¹, NR¹S(O)₂R¹, NR¹C(O)OR¹, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR¹, NHC(O)N(R¹)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR¹, C(O)NHSO₂R¹, SO₂NH₂, C(O)H, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR¹, C(N)N(R¹)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, N₃, or NHS(O)R¹;

A²and D¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthalene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

B¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, C(O)OH, C(O)NH₂, C(O)OR^1A, NO₂, OCF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₂CF₃, NH₂, C(O)NH₂, NR¹C(O)R¹, NR¹S(O)₂R¹, NR¹C(O)OR¹, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR¹, NHC(O)N(R¹)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR¹, C(O)NHSO₂R¹, SO₂NH₂, C(O)H, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR¹, C(N)N(R¹)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, N₃, or NHS(O)R¹;

R¹is R², R³, R⁴or R⁵;

R^1Ais cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl;

R²is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^2A; R^2Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R³is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^3A; R^3Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁴is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^4A; R^4Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁵is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R⁶, NC(R^6A)(R^6B), R⁷, OR⁷, SR⁷, S(O)R⁷, SO₂R⁷, NHR⁷, N(R⁷)₂, C(O)R⁷, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁷, C(O)N(R⁷)₂, NHC(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NHSO₂R⁷, NHC(O)OR⁷, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁷, SO₂N(R⁷)₂, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁷, NHC(O)CH(CH₃)NHC(O)CH(CH₃)NH₂, NHC(O)CH(CH₃)NHC(O)CH(CH₃)NHR¹, OH, (O), C(O)OH, (O), N₃, CN, NH₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶is C₂-C₅-spiroalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with OH, (O), N₃, CN, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br, I, NH₂, NH(CH₃) or N(CH₃)₂;

R^6Aand R^6Bare independently selected alkyl or, together with the N to which they are attached, R^6C;

R^6Cis aziridin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yl, each having one CH₂moiety unreplaced or replaced with O, C(O), CNOH, CNOCH₃, S, S(O), SO₂or NH;

R⁷is R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰or R¹¹;

R⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^8A; R^8Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^9A; R^9Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹⁰is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^10A; R^10Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹¹is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R¹², OR¹², SR¹², S(O)R¹², SO₂R¹², C(O)R¹², CO(O)R¹², OC(O)R¹², OC(O)OR¹², NH₂, NHR¹², N(R¹²)₂, NHC(O)R¹², NR¹²C(O)R¹², NHS(O)₂R¹², NR¹²S(O)₂R¹², NHC(O)OR¹², NR¹²C(O)OR¹², NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR¹², NHC(O)N(R¹²)₂, NR¹²C(O)NHR¹², NR¹²C(O)N(R¹²)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR¹², C(O)N(R¹²)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR¹², C(O)NHSO₂R¹², C(O)NR¹²SO₂R¹², SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR¹², SO₂N(R¹²)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(O)NH₂, C(N)NHR¹², C(N)N(R¹²)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R¹²is R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵or R¹⁶;

R¹³is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^13A; R^13Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹⁴is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^14A; R^14Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹⁵is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^15A; R^15Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹⁶is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl;

Z¹is R²⁶or R²⁷;

Z²is R²⁸, R²⁹or R³⁰;

Z^1Aand Z^2Aare both absent or are taken together to form CH₂, CH₂CH₂or Z^12A;

Z^12Ais C₂-C₆-alkylene having one or two CH₂moieties replaced by NH, N(CH₃), S, S(O) or SO₂;

L¹is a R³⁷, OR³⁷, SR³⁷, S(O)R³⁷, SO₂R³⁷, C(O)R³⁷, CO(O)R³⁷, OC(O)R³⁷, OC(O)OR³⁷, NHR³⁷, C(O)NH, C(O)NR³⁷, C(O)NHOR³⁷, C(O)NHSO₂R³⁷, SO₂NH, SO₂NHR³⁷, C(N)NH, C(N)NHR³⁷;

R²⁶is phenylene which is unfused or fused with benzene or heteroarene or R^26A; R^26A

is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R²⁷is heteroarylene, which is unfused or fused with benzene or heteroarene or R^27A; R^27Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R²⁸is phenylene, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R²⁸A; R^28Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R²⁹is heteroarylene, which is unfused or fused with benzene or heteroarene or R^29A; R^29Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R³⁰is cycloalkylene, cycloalkenylene, heterocycloalkylene or heterocycloalkenylene, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^30A; R^30Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R³⁷is a bond or R^37A;

R^37Ais alkylene, alkenylene, or alkynylene, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R^37B, OR^37B, SR^37B, S(O)R^37B, SO₂R^37B, C(O)R^37B, CO(O)R^37B, OC(O)R^37B, OC(O)OR^37B, NH₂, NHR^37B, N(R^37B)₂, NHC(O)R^37B, NR^37BC(O)R^37B, NHS(O)₂R^37B, NR^37BS(O)₂R^37B, NHC(O)OR^37B, NR^37BC(O)OR^37B, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR^37B, NHC(O)N(R^37B)₂, NR^37BC(O)NHR^37B, NR^37BC(O)N(R^37B)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR^37B, C(O)N(R^37B)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR^37B, C(O)NHSO₂R^37B, C(O)NR^37BSO₂R^37B, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR^37B, SO₂N(R^37B)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR^37B, C(N)N(R^37B)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R^37Bis alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl;

Z³is R³⁸, R³⁹or R⁴⁰;

R³⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^38A; R^38Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocyclalkene;

R³⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^39A; R^39Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁴⁰is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^40A; R^40Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

wherein the moieties represented by R²⁶and R²⁷are unsubstituted or substituted, (i.e., if Z^1Aand Z^2Aare absent) or further unsubstituted or further substituted (i.e., if Z^1Aand Z^2Aare present) with one or more R⁴¹, OR⁴¹, SR⁴¹, S(O)R⁴¹, SO₂R⁴¹, C(O)R⁴¹, CO(O)R⁴¹, OC(O)R⁴¹, OC(O)OR⁴¹, NH₂, NHR⁴¹, N(R⁴¹)₂, NHC(O)R⁴¹, NR⁴¹C(O)R⁴¹, NHS(O)₂R⁴¹, NR⁴¹S(O)₂R⁴¹, NHC(O)OR C(O)OR⁴¹, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁴¹, NHC(O)N(R⁴¹)₂, NR⁴¹C(O)NHR⁴¹, NR⁴¹C(O)N(R⁴¹)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁴¹, C(O)N(R⁴¹)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁴¹, C(O)NHSO₂R⁴¹, C(O)NR⁴¹SO₂R⁴¹, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁴¹, SO₂N(R⁴¹)², C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁴¹, C(N)N(R⁴¹)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁴¹is R⁴², R⁴³, R⁴⁴or R⁴⁵;

R⁴²is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^42A; R^42Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁴³is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, or R^43A; R^43Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁴⁴is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^44A; R^44Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁴⁵is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two independently selected R⁴⁶, OR⁴⁶, SR⁴⁶, S(O)R⁴⁶, SO₂R⁴⁶, C(O)R⁴⁶, CO(O)R⁴⁶, OC(O)R⁴⁶, OC(O)OR⁴⁶, NH₂, NHR⁴⁶, N(R⁴⁶)₂, NHC(O)R⁴⁶, NR⁴⁶C(O)R⁴⁶, NHS(O)₂R⁴⁶, NR⁴⁶S(O)₂R⁴⁶, NHC(O)OR⁴⁶, NR⁴⁶C(O)OR⁴⁶, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁴⁶, NHC(O)N(R⁴⁶)₂, NR⁴⁶C(O)NHR⁴⁶, NR⁴⁶C(O)N(R⁴⁶)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁴⁶, C(O)N(R⁴⁶)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁴⁶, C(O)NHSO₂R⁴⁶, C(O)NR⁴⁶SO₂R⁴⁶, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁴⁶, SO₂N(R⁴⁶)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁴⁶, C(N)N(R⁴⁶)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁴⁶is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, R⁴⁷, R⁴⁸or R⁴⁹;

R⁴⁷is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^47A; R^47Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁴⁸is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^48A; R^48Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁴⁹is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^49A; R^49Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by E¹and Y¹together, Y¹and B¹together, A²and B¹togetger, A²and D¹together, R^1A, R², R^2A, R³, R^3A, R⁴, R^4A, R⁶, R^6C, R⁸, R^8A, R^9A, R¹⁰, R^10A, R¹³, R^13A, R¹⁴, R^14A, R¹⁵, R^15A, R²⁸, R^28A, R²⁹, R^29A, R³⁰, R^30A, R^37B, R³⁸, R^38A, R³⁹, R^39A, R⁴⁰, and R^40Aare independently unsubstituted, further unsubstituted, substituted or further substituted with one or more independently selected R⁵⁷, OR⁵⁷, SR⁵⁷, S(O)R⁵⁷, SO₂R⁵⁷, C(O)R⁵⁷, CO(O)R⁵⁷, OC(O)R⁵⁷, OC(O)OR⁵⁷, NH₂, NHR⁵⁷, N(R⁵⁷)₂, NHC(O)R⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)R⁵⁷, NHS(O)₂R⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷S(O)₂R⁵⁷, NHC(O)OR⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)OR⁵⁷, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁵⁷, NHC(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, NR⁵⁷C(O)NHR⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁵⁷, C(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁵⁷, C(O)NHSO₂R⁵⁷, C(O)NR⁵⁷SO₂R⁵⁷, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁵⁷, SO₂N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁵⁷, C(N)N(R⁵⁷)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁵⁷is R⁵⁸, R⁵⁹, R⁶⁰or R⁶¹;

R⁵⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^58A; R^58Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁵⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^59A; R^59Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶⁰is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^60A; R^60Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶¹is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R⁶², OR⁶², SR⁶², S(O)R⁶², SO₂R⁶², C(O)R⁶², CO(O)R⁶², OC(O)R⁶², OC(O)OR⁶², NH₂, NHR⁶², N(R⁶²)₂, NHC(O)R⁶², NR⁶²C(O)R⁶², NHS(O)₂R⁶², NR⁶²S(O)₂R⁶², NHC(O)OR⁶², NR⁶²C(O)OR⁶², NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁶², NHC(O)N(R⁶²)₂, NR⁶²C(O)NHR⁶², NR⁶²C(O)N(R⁶²)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁶², C(O)N(R⁶²)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁶², C(O)NHSO₂R⁶², C(O)NR⁶²SO₂R⁶², SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁶², SO₂N(R⁶²)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁶², C(N)N(R⁶²)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶²is R⁶³, R⁶⁴, R⁶⁵or R⁶⁶;

R⁶³is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^63A; R^63Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶⁴is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^64A; R^64Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶⁵is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^65A; R^65Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶⁶is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkenyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R⁶⁷, OR⁶⁷, SR⁶⁷, S(O)R⁶⁷, SO₂R⁶⁷, C(O)R⁶⁷, CO(O)R⁶⁷, OC(O)R⁶⁷, OC(O)OR⁶⁷, NH₂, NHR⁶⁷, N(R⁶⁷)₂, NHC(O)R⁶⁷, NR⁶⁷C(O)R⁶⁷, NHS(O)₂R⁶⁷, NR⁶⁷S(O)₂R⁶⁷, NHC(O)OR⁶⁷, NR⁶⁷C(O)OR⁶⁷, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁶⁷, NHC(O)N(R⁶⁷)₂, NR⁶⁷C(O)NHR⁶⁷, NR⁶⁷C(O)N(R⁶⁷)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁶⁷, C(O)N(R⁶⁷)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁶⁷, C(O)NHSO₂R⁶⁷, C(O)NR⁶⁷SO₂R⁶⁷, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁶⁷, SO₂N(R⁶⁷)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁶⁷, C(N)N(R⁶⁷)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶⁷is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl;

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by R⁵⁸, R⁵⁹, R⁶⁰, R⁶³, R⁶⁴, R⁶⁵, and R⁶⁷are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more independently selected R⁶⁸, OR⁶⁸, SR⁶⁸, S(O)R⁶⁸, SO₂R⁶⁸, C(O)R⁶⁸, CO(O)R⁶⁸, OC(O)R⁶⁸, OC(O)OR⁶⁸, NH₂, NHR⁶⁸, N(R⁶⁸)₂, NHC(O)R⁶⁸, NR⁶⁸C(O)R⁶⁸, NHS(O)₂R⁶⁸, NR⁶⁸S(O)₂R⁶⁸, NHC(O)OR⁶⁸, NR⁶⁸C(O)OR⁶⁸, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁶⁸, NHC(O)N(R⁶⁸)₂, NR⁶⁸C(O)NHR⁶⁸, NR⁶⁸C(O)N(R⁶⁸)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁶⁸, C(O)N(R⁶⁸)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁶⁸, C(O)NHSO₂R⁶⁸, C(O)NR⁶⁸SO₂R⁶⁸, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁶⁸, SO₂N(R⁶⁸)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁶⁸, C(N)N(R⁶⁸)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶⁸is R⁶⁹, R⁷⁰, R⁷¹or R⁷²;

R⁶⁹is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^69A; R^69Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁷⁰is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^70A; R^70Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁷¹is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^71A; R^71Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁷²is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkenyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R⁷³, OR⁷³, SR⁷³, S(O)R⁷³, SO₂R⁷³, C(O)R⁷³, CO(O)R⁷³, OC(O)R⁷³, OC(O)OR⁷³, NH₂, NHR⁷³, N(R⁷³)₂, NHC(O)R⁷³, NR⁷³C(O)R⁷³, NHS(O)₂R⁷³, NR⁷³S(O)₂R⁷³, NHC(O)OR⁷³, NR⁷³C(O)OR⁷³, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁷³, NHC(O)N(R⁷³)₂, NR⁷³C(O)NHR⁷³, NR⁷³C(O)N(R⁷³)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁷³, C(O)N(R⁷³)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁷³, C(O)NHSO₂R⁷³, C(O)NR⁷³SO₂R⁷³, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁷³, SO₂N(R⁷³)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁷³, C(N)N(R⁷³)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁷³is alkyl, alkenyl, alkenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl; and

the moieties represented by R⁶⁹, R⁷⁰, and R⁷¹are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more independently selected NH₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHOH, SO₂NH₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents.

In another embodiment of Formula (I),

A¹is N or C(A²);

A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂;

E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene or heteroarene, and

A², B¹, and D¹are independently selected H;

Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and

A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H;

A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, cycloalkane, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂;

Z¹is R²⁶;

Z²is R³⁰;

Z^1Aand Z^2Aare both absent;

L¹is a R³⁷;

R²⁶is phenylene;

R³⁰is heterocycloalkylene;

R³⁷is R^37A;

R^37Ais alkylene or alkenylene, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with R^37B;

R^37Bis phenyl;

Z³is R³⁸or R⁴⁰;

R³⁸is phenyl;

R⁴⁰is cycloalkenyl;

R⁴¹is R⁴²or R⁴⁵;

R⁴²is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with heteroarene;

R⁴⁵is alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two independently selected R⁴⁶;

R⁴⁶is R⁴⁷;

R⁴⁷is phenyl;

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by E¹and Y¹together, Y¹and B¹together, A²and B¹together, R³⁰, R^30A; R^37B; R³⁸, and R⁴⁰are independently unsubstituted, further unsubstituted, substituted or further substituted with one or more independently selected R⁵⁷, OR⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)R⁵⁷, or (O);

R⁵⁷is R⁵⁸, or R⁶¹;

R⁵⁸is phenyl,

R⁶¹is alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected N(R⁶²)₂, or F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶²is R⁶⁶;

R⁶⁶is alkyl; and

wherein the cyclic moiety represented by R⁵⁸is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more independently selected F, Cl, Br or I substituents.

In another embodiment of Formula (I),

A¹is N or C(A²);

A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂;

E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene or heteroarene, and

A², B¹, and D¹are independently selected H;

Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and

A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H;

A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, cycloalkane, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂;

Z¹is R²⁶;

Z²is R³⁰;

Z^1Aand Z^2Aare both absent;

L¹is a R³⁷;

R²⁶is phenylene;

R³⁰is heterocycloalkylene;

R³⁷is R^37A;

R^37Ais alkylene or alkenylene, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with R^37B;

R^37Bis phenyl;

Z³is R³⁸or R⁴⁰;

R³⁸is phenyl;

R⁴⁰is cycloalkenyl;

R⁴¹is R⁴²or R⁴⁵;

R⁴²is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with heteroarene;

R⁴⁵is alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two independently selected R⁴⁶;

R⁴⁶is R⁴⁷;

R⁴⁷is phenyl;

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by E¹and Y¹together, Y¹and B¹together, A²and B¹together, R³⁰, R^30A, R^37B, R³⁸, and R⁴⁰are independently unsubstituted, further unsubstituted, substituted or further substituted with one or more independently selected R⁵⁷, OR⁵⁷, NR^57C(O)R⁵⁷, or (O);

R⁵⁷is R⁵⁸, or R⁶¹;

R⁵⁸is phenyl,

R⁶¹is alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected N(R⁶²)₂, or F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶²is R⁶⁶;

R⁶⁶is alkyl; and

wherein the cyclic moiety represented by R⁵⁸is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more independently selected F, Cl, Br or I substituents.

Another embodiment of this invention pertains to compounds or therapeutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, metabolites, or salts of prodrugs thereof, which are useful as inhibitors of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, the compounds having Formula IV,

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wherein

A¹is N or C(A²);

E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

A²and D¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthalene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

R¹is R², R³, R⁴or R⁵;

R^1Ais cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl;

R²is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^2A; R^2Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R³is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^3A; R^3Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶is C₂-C₅-spiroalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with OH, (O), N₃, CN, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br, I, NH₂, NH(CH₃) or N(CH₃)₂;

R^6Aand R^6Bare independently selected alkyl or, together with the N to which they are attached, R^6C;

R⁶is aziridin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yl, each having one CH₂moiety unreplaced or replaced with O, C(O), CNOH, CNOCH₃, S, S(O), SO₂or NH;

R⁷is R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰or R¹¹;

R⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^8A; R^8Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^9A; R^9Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹¹is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R¹², OR¹², SR¹², S(O)R¹², SO₂R¹², C(O)R¹², CO(O)R¹², OC(O)R¹², OC(O)OR¹², NH₂, NHR¹², N(R¹²)₂, NHC(O)R¹², NR¹²C(O)R¹², NHS(O)₂R¹², NR¹²S(O)₂R¹², NHC(O)OR¹², NR¹²C(O)OR¹², NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR¹², NHC(O)N(R¹²)₂, NR¹²C(O)NHR¹², NR¹²C(O)N(R¹²)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR¹², C(O)N(R¹²)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR¹², C(O)NHSO₂R¹², C(O)NR¹²SO₂R¹², SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR¹², SO₂N(R¹²)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR¹², C(N)N(R¹²)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R¹²is R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵or R¹⁶;

R¹³is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^13A; R^13Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹⁴is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^14A; R^14Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹⁶is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl;

Z³is R³⁸, R³⁹or R⁴⁰;

R³⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^38A; R^38Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocyclalkene;

R³⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^39A; R^39Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by E ¹and Y¹together, Y¹and B¹together, A²and B¹to ether A²and D¹to ether R^1A, R², R^2A, R³, R^3A, R⁴, R^4A, R⁶, R^6C, R⁸, R^8A, R⁹, R^9A, R¹⁰, R^10A, R¹³, R^13A, R¹⁴, R^14A, R¹⁵, R^15A, R²⁸, R^28A, R²⁹, R^29A, R³⁰, R^30A, R^37B, R³⁸, R^38A, R³⁹, R^39A, R⁴⁰, and R^40Aare independently unsubstituted, further unsubstituted, substituted or further substituted with one or more independently selected R⁵⁷, OR⁵⁷, SR⁵⁷, S(O)R⁵⁷, SO₂R⁵⁷, C(O)R⁵⁷, CO(O)R⁵⁷, OC(O)R⁵⁷, OC(O)OR⁵⁷, NH₂, NHR⁵⁷, N(R⁵⁷)₂, NHC(O)R⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)R⁵⁷, NHS(O)₂R⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷S(O)₂R⁵⁷, NHC(O)OR⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)OR⁵⁷, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁵⁷, NHC(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, NR⁵⁷C(O)NHR⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁵⁷, C(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁵⁷, C(O)NHSO₂R⁵⁷, C(O)NR⁵⁷SO₂R⁵⁷, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁵⁷, SO₂N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁵⁷, C(N)N(R⁵⁷)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁵⁷is R⁵⁸, R⁵⁹, R⁶⁰or R⁶¹;

R⁵⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^58A; R^58Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁵⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^59A; R^59Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶¹is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R⁶², OR⁶², SR⁶², S(O)R⁶², SO₂R⁶², C(O)R⁶², CO(O)R⁶², OC(O)R⁶², OC(O)OR⁶², NH₂, NHR⁶², N(R⁶²)₂, NHC(O)R₆₂, NR₆₂C(O)R₆₂, NHS(O)₂R⁶², NR⁶²S(O)₂R⁶², NHC(O)OR⁶², NR⁶²C(O)OR⁶², NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁶², NHC(O)N(R⁶²)₂, NR⁶²C(O)NHR⁶², NR⁶²C(O)N(R⁶²)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁶², C(O)N(R⁶²)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁶², C(O)NHSO₂R⁶², C(O)NR⁶²SO₂R⁶², SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁶², SO₂N(R⁶²)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁶², C(N)N(R⁶²)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶²is R⁶³, R⁶⁴, R⁶⁵or R⁶⁶;

R⁶³is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^63A; R^63Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶⁴is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^64A; R^64Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶⁷is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl;

R⁶⁸is R⁶⁹, R⁷⁰, R⁷¹or R⁷²;

R⁶⁹is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^69A; R^69Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁷⁰is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^70A; R^70Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁷³is alkyl, alkenyl, alkenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl; and

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wherein

A¹is N or C(A²);

E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

A²and D¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthalene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

R¹is R², R³, R⁴or R⁵;

R^1Ais cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl;

R²is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^2A; R^2Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R³is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^3A; R^3Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶is C₂-C₅-spiroalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with OH, (O), N₃, CN, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br, I, NH₂, NH(CH₃) or N(CH₃)₂;

R^6Aand R^6Bare independently selected alkyl or, together with the N to which they are attached, R^6C;

R^6Cis aziridin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yl, each having one CH₂moiety unreplaced or replaced with O, C(O), CNOH, CNOCH₃, S, S(O), SO₂or NH;

R⁷is R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰or R¹¹;

R⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^8A; R^8Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^9A; R^9Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹¹is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R¹², OR¹², SR¹², S(O)R¹², SO₂R¹², C(O)R¹², CO(O)R¹², OC(O)R¹², OC(O)OR¹², NH₂, NHR¹², N(R¹²)₂, NHC(O)R¹², NR¹²C(O)R¹², NHS(O)₂R¹², NR¹²S(O)₂R¹², NHC(O)OR¹², NR¹²C(O)OR¹², NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR¹², NHC(O)N(R¹²)₂, NR¹²C(O)NHR¹², NR¹²C(O)N(R¹²)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR¹², C(O)N(R¹²)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR¹², C(O)NHSO₂R¹², C(O)NR¹²SO₂R¹², SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR¹², SO₂N(R¹²)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR¹², C(N)N(R¹²)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R¹²is R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵or R¹⁶;

R¹³is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^13A; R^13Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹⁴is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^14A; R^14Ais

cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹⁶is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl;

Z³is R³⁸, R³⁹or R⁴⁰;

R³⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^38A; R^38Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocyclalkene;

R³⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^39A; R^39Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by E¹and Y¹together, Y¹and B¹together, A²and B¹together, A²and D¹together, R^1A, R², R³, R^3A, R⁴, R^4A, R⁶, R^6C, R⁸, R^8A, R⁹, R^9A, R¹⁰, R^10A, R¹³, R^13A, R¹⁴, R^14A, R¹⁵, R^15A, R²⁸, R^28A, R²⁹, R^29A, R³⁰, R^30A, R^37B, R³⁸, R^38A, R³⁹, R^39A, R⁴⁰,and R^40Aare independently unsubstituted, further unsubstituted, substituted or further substituted with one or more independently selected R⁵⁷, OR⁵⁷, SR⁵⁷, S(O)R⁵⁷, SO₂R⁵⁷, C(O)R⁵⁷, CO(O)R⁵⁷, OC(O)R⁵⁷, OC(O)OR⁵⁷, NH₂, NHR⁵⁷, N(R⁵⁷)₂, NHC(O)R⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)R⁵⁷, NHS(O)₂R⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷S(O)₂R⁵⁷, NHC(O)OR⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)OR⁵⁷, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁵⁷, NHC(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, NR⁵⁷C(O)NHR⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁵⁷, C(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁵⁷, C(O)NHSO₂R⁵⁷, C(O)NR⁵⁷SO₂R⁵⁷, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁵⁷, SO₂N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁵⁷, C(N)N(R⁵⁷)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁵⁷is R⁵⁸, R⁵⁹, R⁶⁰or R⁶¹;

R⁵⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^58A; R^58Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁵⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^59A; R^59Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶¹is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R⁶², OR⁶², SR⁶², S(O)R⁶², SO₂R⁶², C(O)R⁶², CO(O)R⁶², OC(O)R⁶², OC(O)OR⁶², NH₂, NHR⁶², N(R⁶²)₂, NHC(O)R⁶², NR⁶²C(O)R⁶², NHS(O)₂R⁶², NR⁶²S(O)₂R⁶², NHC(O)OR⁶², NR⁶²C(O)OR⁶², NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁶², NHC(O)N(R⁶²)₂, NR⁶²C(O)NHR⁶², NR⁶²C(O)N(R⁶²)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁶², C(O)N(R⁶²)₂, SO₂N(R⁶²)², C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁶², C(N)N(R⁶²)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶²is R⁶³, R⁶⁴, R⁶⁵or R⁶⁶;

R⁶³is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^63A; R^63Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶⁴is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^64A; R^64Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶⁷is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl;

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by R⁵⁸, R⁵⁹, R⁶⁰, R⁶³, R⁶⁴, R⁶⁵, and R⁶⁷are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more independently selected R⁶⁸, OR⁶⁸, SR⁶⁸, S(O)R⁶⁸, SO₂R⁶⁸, C(O)R⁶⁸, CO(O)R⁶⁸, OC(O)R⁶⁸, OC(O)OR⁶⁸, NH₂, NHR⁶⁸, N(R⁶⁸)₂, NHC(O)R₆₈, NR⁶⁸C(O)R⁶⁸, NHS(O)₂R⁶⁸, NR⁶⁸S(O)₂R⁶⁸, NHC(O)OR⁶⁸, NR⁶⁸C(O)OR⁶⁸, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁶⁸, NHC(O)N(R⁶⁸)₂, NR⁶⁸C(O)NHR⁶⁸, NR⁶⁸C(O)N(R⁶⁸)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁶⁸, C(O)N(R⁶⁸)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁶⁸, C(O)NHSO₂R⁶⁸, C(O)NR⁶⁸SO₂R⁶⁸, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁶⁸, SO₂N(R⁶⁸)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁶⁸, C(N)N(R⁶⁸)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶⁸is R⁶⁹, R⁷⁰, R⁷¹or R⁷²;

R⁶⁹is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^69A; R^69Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁷⁰is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^70A; R^70Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁷³is alkyl, alkenyl, alkenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl; and

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wherein,

A¹is N or C(A²);

E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

A²and D¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthalene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

R¹is R², R³, R⁴or R⁵;

R^1Ais cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl;

R²is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^2A; R^2Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R³is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^3A; R^3Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶is C₂-C₅-spiroalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with OH, (O), N₃, CN, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br, I, NH₂, NH(CH₃) or N(CH₃)₂;

R^6Aand R^6Bare independently selected alkyl or, together with the N to which they are attached, R^6C;

R^6Cis aziridin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yl, each having one CH₂moiety unreplaced or replaced with O, C(O), CNOH, CNOCH₃, S, S(O), SO₂or NH;

R⁷is R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰or R¹¹;

R⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^8A; R^8Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^9A; R^9Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹¹is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R¹², OR¹², SR¹², S(O)R¹², SO₂R¹², C(O)R¹², CO(O)R¹², OC(O)R¹², OC(O)OR¹², NH₂, NHR¹², N(R¹²)₂, NHC(O)R¹², NR¹²C(O)R¹², NHS(O)₂R¹², NR¹²S(O)₂R¹², NHC(O)OR¹², NR¹²C(O)OR¹², NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR¹², NHC(O)N(R¹²)₂, NR¹²C(O)NHR¹², NR¹²C(O)N(R¹²)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR¹², C(O)N(R¹²)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR¹², C(O)NHSO₂R¹², C(O)NR¹²SO₂R¹², SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR¹², SO₂N(R¹²)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR¹², C(N)N(R¹²)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R¹²is R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵or R¹⁶;

R¹³is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^13A; R^13Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹⁴is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^14A; R^14Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹⁶is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl;

Z³is R³⁸, R³⁹or R⁴⁰;

R³⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^38A; R^38Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocyclalkene;

R³⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^39A; R^39Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by E¹and Y¹together, Y¹and B¹together, A²and B¹together, A²and D¹together, R^1A, R², R^2A, R³, R^3A, R⁴, R^4A, R⁶, R^6C, R⁸, R^8A, R⁹, R^9A, R¹⁰, R^10A, R¹³, R^13A, R¹⁴, R^14A, R¹⁵, R^15A, R²⁸, R^28A, R²⁹, R^29A, R³⁰, R^30A, R^37B, R^38A, R³⁹, R^39A, R⁴⁰,and R^40Aare independently unsubstituted, further unsubstituted, substituted or further substituted with one or more independently selected R⁵⁷, OR⁵⁷, SR⁵⁷, S(O)R⁵⁷, SO₂R⁵⁷, C(O)R⁵⁷, CO(O)R⁵⁷, OC(O)R⁵⁷, OC(O)OR⁵⁷, NH₂, NHR⁵⁷, N(R⁵⁷)₂, NHC(O)R⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)R⁵⁷, NHS(O)₂R⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷S(O)₂R⁵⁷, NHC(O)OR⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)OR⁵⁷, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁵⁷, NHC(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, NR⁵⁷C(O)NHR⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁵⁷, C(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁵⁷, C(O)NHSO₂R⁵⁷, C(O)NR⁵⁷SO₂R⁵⁷, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁵⁷, SO₂N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁵⁷, C(N)N(R⁵⁷)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁵⁷is R⁵⁸, R⁵⁹, R⁶⁰or R⁶¹;

R⁵⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^58A; R^58Ais

cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁵⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^59A; R^59Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶²is R⁶³, R⁶⁴, R⁶⁵or R⁶⁶;

R⁶³is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^63A; R^63Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶⁴is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^64A; R^64Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶⁶is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkenyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R⁶⁷, OR⁶⁷, SR⁶⁷, S(O)R⁶⁷, SO₂R⁶⁷, C(O)R⁶⁷, CO(O)R⁶⁷, OC(O)R⁶⁷, OC(O)OR⁶⁷, NH₂, NHR⁶⁷, N(R⁶⁷)₂, NHC(O)R⁶⁷, NR⁶⁷C(O)R⁶⁷, NHS(O)₂R⁶⁷, NR⁶⁷S(O)₂R⁶⁷, NHC(O)OR⁶⁷, NR⁶⁷C(O)OR⁶⁷, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁶⁷, NHC(O)N(R⁶⁷)₂, NR⁶⁷C(O)NHR⁶⁷, NR⁶⁷C(O)N(R⁶⁷)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁶⁷, C(O)N(R⁶⁷)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁶⁷, C(O)NHSO₂R⁶⁷, C(O)NR⁶⁷SO₂R⁶⁷, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR₆₇, SO₂N(R⁶⁷)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁶⁷, C(N)N(R⁶⁷)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶⁷is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl;

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by R⁵⁸, R⁵⁹, R⁶⁰, R⁶³, R⁶⁴, R⁶⁵, and R⁶⁷are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more independently selected R⁶⁸, OR⁶⁸, SR⁶⁸, S(O)R⁶⁸, SO₂R⁶⁸, C(O)R⁶⁸, CO(O)R⁶⁸, OC(O)R⁶⁸, OC(O)OR⁶⁸, NH₂, NHR⁶⁸, N(R⁶⁸)₂, NHC(O)R₆₈, NR⁶⁸C(O)R⁶⁸, NHS(O)₂R⁶⁸, NR⁶⁸S(O)₂R⁶⁸, NHC(O)OR⁶⁸, NR⁶⁸C(O)OR⁶⁸, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁶⁸, NHC(O)N(R⁶⁸)₂, NR⁶⁸C(O)NHR⁶⁸, NR⁶⁸C(O)N(R⁶⁸)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁶⁸, C(O)N(R⁶⁸)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁶⁸, C(O)NHSO₂R⁶⁸, C(O)NR⁶⁸SO₂R⁶⁸, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁶⁸, SO₂N(R⁶⁸)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁶⁸, C(N)N(R⁶⁸)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶⁸is R⁶⁹, R⁷⁰, R⁷¹or R⁷²;

R⁶⁹is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^69A; R^69Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁷⁰is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^7A; R^7Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁷³is alkyl, alkenyl, alkenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl; and

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wherein,

A¹is N or C(A²);

E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

A²and D¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthalene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

R¹is R², R³, R⁴or R⁵;

R^1Ais cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl;

R²is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^2A; R^2Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R³is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^3A; R^3Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶is C₂-C₅-spiroalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with OH, (O), N₃, CN, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br, I, NH₂, NH(CH₃) or N(CH₃)₂;

R^6Aand R^6Bare independently selected alkyl or, together with the N to which they are attached, R^6C;

R^6Cis aziridin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yl, each having one CH₂moiety unreplaced or replaced with O, C(O), CNOH, CNOCH₃, S, S(O), SO₂or NH;

R⁷is R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰or R¹¹;

R⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^8A; R^8Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^9A; R^9Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹¹is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R¹², OR¹², SR¹², S(O)R¹², SO₂R¹², C(O)R¹², CO(O)R¹², OC(O)R¹², OC(O)OR¹², NH₂, NHR¹², N(R¹²)₂, NHC(O)R¹², NR¹²C(O)R¹², NHS(O)₂R¹², NR¹²S(O)₂R¹², NHC(O)OR¹², NR¹²C(O)OR¹², NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR¹², NHC(O)N(R¹²)₂, NR¹²C(O)NHR¹², NR¹²C(O)N(R¹²)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR¹², C(O)N(R¹²)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR¹², C(O)NHSO₂R¹², C(O)NR¹²SO₂R¹², SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR¹², SO₂N(R¹²)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR¹², C(N)N(R¹²)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R¹²is R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵or R¹⁶;

R¹³is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^13A; R^13Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹⁴is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^14A; R^14Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹⁶is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl;

Z³is R³⁸, R³⁹or R⁴⁰;

R³⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^38A; R^38Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocyclalkene;

R³⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^39A; R^39Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by E¹and Y¹together, Y¹and B¹together, A²and B¹together, A²and D¹together, R^1A, R², R^2A, R^3A, R⁴, R^4A, R⁶, R^6C, R⁸, R^8A, R⁹, R^9A, R¹⁰, R^10A, R¹³, R^13A, R¹⁴, R^14A, R¹⁵, R^15A, R²⁸, R^28A, R²⁹, R^29A, R³⁰, R^30A, R^37B, R³⁸, R^38A, R³⁹, R^39A, R⁴⁰and R^40Aare independently unsubstituted, further unsubstituted, substituted or further substituted with one or more independently selected R⁵⁷, OR⁵⁷, SR⁵⁷, S(O)R⁵⁷, SO₂R⁵⁷, C(O)R⁵⁷, CO(O)R⁵⁷, OC(O)R⁵⁷, OC(O)OR⁵⁷, NH₂, NHR⁵⁷, N(R⁵⁷)₂, NHC(O)R⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)R⁵⁷, NHS(O)₂R⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷S(O)₂R⁵⁷, NHC(O)OR⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)OR⁵⁷, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁵⁷, NHC(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, NR⁵⁷C(O)NHR⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁵⁷, C(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁵⁷, C(O)NHSO₂R⁵⁷, C(O)NR⁵⁷SO₂R⁵⁷, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁵⁷, SO₂N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁵⁷, C(N)N(R⁵⁷)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁵⁷is R⁵⁸, R⁵⁹, R⁶⁰or R⁶¹;

R⁵⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^58A; R^58Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁵⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^59A; R^59Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶²is R⁶³, R⁶⁴, R⁶⁵or R⁶⁶;

R⁶³is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^63A; R^63Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶⁴is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^64A; R^64Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶⁷is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl;

R⁶⁸is R⁶⁹; R⁷⁰; R⁷¹or R⁷²;

R⁶⁹is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^69A; R^69Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁷⁰is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^70A; R^70Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁷³is alkyl, alkenyl, alkenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl; and

Still another embodiment pertains to compounds having Formula I, which are

4-[4-(3,3-diphenylprop-2-enyl)piperazin-1-yl]-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
N-[(2-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)benzamide;
N-[(3-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)benzamide;
N-[(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
2-(benzyloxy)-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-phenylethoxy)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-phenoxy-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
N-[(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}benzamide;
4-[4-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-3-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl]-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(phenylthio)benzamide;
2-(benzylamino)-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
2-benzyl-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-phenylethyl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(phenylsulfinyl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-methoxy-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-[4-({4′-chloro-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl}methyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-[4-({4′-chloro-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl}methyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-(1H-indo1-4-yloxy)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-N-[(3-cyanophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-N-[(3-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-N-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-(2-naphthylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-(isoquinolin-5-ylsulfonyl)benzamide;
N-[(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indazol-4-yloxy)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(7-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(6-chloro-1,1-dioxido-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-7-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-({5-[ethyl(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-1-naphthyl}sulfonyl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(2-oxo-2H-chromen-6-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
and therapeutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, salts of prodrugs and metabolites thereof.

Another embodiment pertains to a composition for treating bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bone marrow cancer, cervical cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lymphoblastic leukemia, follicular lymphoma, lymphoid malignancies of T-cell or B-cell origin, melanoma, myelogenous leukemia, myeloma, oral cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myeloma, prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer or spleen cancer, said composition comprising an excipient and a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formula (I).

Another embodiment pertains to a method of treating bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bone marrow cancer, cervical cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lymphoblastic leukemia, follicular lymphoma, lymphoid malignancies of T-cell or B-cell origin, melanoma, myelogenous leukemia, myeloma, oral cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myeloma, prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer or spleen cancer in a patient, said method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of Formula (I).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Variable moieties herein are represented by identifiers (capital letters with numerical and/or alphabetical superscripts) and may be specifically embodied.

It is meant to be understood that proper valences are maintained for all moieties and combinations thereof, that monovalent moieties having more than one atom are drawn from left to right and are attached through their left ends, and that divalent moieties are also drawn from left to right.

It is also meant to be understood that a specific embodiment of a variable moiety herein may be the same or different as another specific embodiment having the same identifier.

The term “alkenyl” as used herein, means a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain containing from 2 to 10 carbons and containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. The term “C_x-C_yalkyl” means a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond containing x to y carbon atoms. The term “C₂-C₄alkenyl” means an alkenyl group containing 2-4 carbon atoms. Representative examples of alkenyl include, but are not limited to buta-2,3-dienyl, ethenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 3-butenyl, 4-pentenyl, 5-hexenyl, 2-heptenyl, 2-methyl-1-heptenyl, and 3-decenyl.

The term “alkenylene” means a divalent group derived from a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon of 2 to 4 carbon atoms and contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond. The term “C_x-C_yalkylene” means a a divalent group derived from a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and containing x to y carbon atoms. Representative examples of alkenylene include, but are not limited to, —CH═CH— and —CH₂CH═CH—.

The term “alkyl” as used herein, means a straight or branched, saturated hydrocarbon chain containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The term “C_x-C_yalkyl” means a straight or branched chain, saturated hydrocarbon containing x to y carbon atoms. For example “C₂-C₁₀alkyl” means a straight or branched chain, saturated hydrocarbon containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 2,2-dimethylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, and n-decyl.

The term “alkylene” means a divalent group derived from a straight or branched, saturated hydrocarbon chain of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, for example, of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The term “C_x-C_yalkylene” means a divalent group derived from a straight or branched chain, saturated hydrocarbon containing x to y carbon atoms. For example “C₂-C₆alkylene” means a straight or branched chain, saturated hydrocarbon containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of alkylene include, but are not limited to, —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂—, and —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂—.

The term “alkynyl” as used herein, means a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group containing from 2 to 10 carbon atoms and containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The term “C_x-C_yalkynyl” means a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group containing from x to y carbon atoms. Representative examples of alkynyl include, but are not limited, to acetylenyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 3-butynyl, 2-pentynyl, and 1-butynyl.

The term “alkynylene,” as used herein, means a divalent radical derived from a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group containing from 2 to 10 carbon atoms and containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.

The term “aryl” as used herein, means phenyl.

The term “cyclic moiety,” as used herein, means benzene, phenyl, phenylene, cycloalkane, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylene, cycloalkene, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylene, cycloalkyne, cycloalkynyl, cycloalkynylene, heteroarene, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkane, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkene, heterocycloalkenyl, spiroheteroalkyl, spiroheteroalkenyl, spirocyclo, and spiroalkyl.

The term “cycloalkylene” or cycloalkyl” or “cycloalkane” as used herein, means a monocyclic or bridged hydrocarbon ring system. The monocyclic cycloalkyl is a carbocyclic ring system containing three to eight carbon atoms, zero heteroatoms and zero double bonds. Examples of monocyclic ring systems include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. The monocyclic ring may contain one or two alkylene bridges, each consisting of one, two, or three carbon atoms, each linking two non-adjacent carbon atoms of the ring system. Non-limiting examples of such bridged cycloalkyl ring systems include bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane, tricyclo[3.3.1.0^3,7]nonane (octahydro-2,5-methanopentalene or noradamantane), and tricyclo[3.3.1.1^3,7]decane (adamantane). The monocyclic and bridged cycloalkyl can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through any substitutable atom contained within the ring system.

The term “cycloalkenylene,” or “cycloalkenyl” or “cycloalkene” as used herein, means a monocyclic or a bridged hydrocarbon ring system. The monocyclic cycloalkenyl has four-, five-, six-, seven- or eight carbon atoms and zero heteroatoms. The four-membered ring systems have one double bond, the five-or six-membered ring systems have one or two double bonds, and the seven- or eight-membered ring systems have one, two, or three double bonds. Representative examples of monocyclic cycloalkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and cyclooctenyl. The monocyclic cycloalkenyl ring may contain one or two alkylene bridges, each consisting of one, two, or three carbon atoms, each linking two non-adjacent carbon atoms of the ring system. Representative examples of the bicyclic cycloalkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3aH-indene, octahydronaphthalenyl, and 1,6-dihydro-pentalene. The monocyclic and bicyclic cycloalkenyl can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through any substitutable atom contained within the ring systems.

The term “cycloalkyne,” or “cycloalkynyl,” or “cycloalkynylene,” as used herein, means a monocyclic or a bridged hydrocarbon ring system. The monocyclic cycloalkynyl has eight or more carbon atoms, zero heteroatoms, and one or more triple bonds. The monocyclic cycloalkynyl ring may contain one or two alkylene bridges, each consisting of one, two, or three carbon atoms, each linking two non-adjacent carbon atoms of the ring system. The monocyclic and bridged cycloalkynyl can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through any substitutable atom contained within the ring systems.

The term “heteroarene,” or “heteroaryl,” or “heteroarylene,” as used herein, means a five-membered or six-membered aromatic ring having at least one carbon atom and one or more than one independently selected nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom. The heteroarenes of this invention are connected through any adjacent atoms in the ring, provided that proper valences are maintained. Representative examples of heteroaryl include, but are not limited to, furanyl (including, but not limited thereto, furan-2-yl), imidazolyl (including, but not limited thereto, 1H-imidazol-1-yl), isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyridinyl (e.g. pyridin-4-yl, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl), pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, tetrazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl (including, but not limited thereto, thien-2-yl, thien-3-yl), triazolyl, and triazinyl.

The term “heterocycloalkane,” or “heterocycloalkyl,” or “heterocycloalkylene,” as used herein, means monocyclic or bridged three-, four-, five-, six-, seven-, or eight-membered ring containing at least one heteroatom independently selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S and zero double bonds. The monocyclic and bridged heterocycloalkane are connected to the parent molecular moiety through any substitutable carbon atom or any substitutable nitrogen atom contained within the rings. The nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms in the heterocycle rings may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen atoms may optionally be quarternized. Representative examples of heterocycloalkane groups include, but are not limited to, Representative examples of heterocycloalkane groups include, but are not limited to, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, dioxolanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thiomorpholinyl, dioxanyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, oxetanyl, piperazinyl, imidazolidinyl, azetidine, azepanyl, aziridinyl, diazepanyl, dithiolanyl, dithianyl, isoxazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, oxadiazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, tetrahydrothienyl, thiadiazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, thiomorpholinyl, trithianyl, and trithianyl.

The term “heterocycloalkene,” or “heterocycloalkenyl,” or “heterocycloalkenylene,” as used herein, means monocyclic or bridged three-, four-, five-, six-, seven-, or eight-membered ring containing at least one heteroatom independently selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S and one or more double bonds. The monocyclic and bridged heterocycloalkene are connected to the parent molecular moiety through any substitutable carbon atom or any substitutable nitrogen atom contained within the rings. The nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms in the heterocycle rings may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen atoms may optionally be quarternized. Representative examples of heterocycloalkene groups include, but are not limited to, tetrahydrooxocinyl, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazinyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, dihydropyranyl, imidazolinyl, isothiazolinyl, oxadiazolinyl, isoxazolinyl, oxazolinyl, pyranyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrrolinyl, thiadiazolinyl, thiazolinyl, and thiopyranyl.

The term “phenylene,” as used herein, means a divalent radical formed by removal of a hydrogen atom from phenyl.

The term “spiroalkyl,” as used herein, means alkylene, both ends of which are attached to the same carbon atom and is exemplified by C₂-spiroalkyl, C₃-spiroalkyl, C₄-spiroalkyl, C₅-spiroalkyl, C₆-spiroalkyl, C₇-spiroalkyl, C₈-spiroalkyl, C₉-spiroalkyl and the like.

The term “spiroheteroalkyl,” as used herein, means spiroalkyl having one or two CH₂moieties replaced with independently selected O, C(O), CNOH, CNOCH₃, S, S(O), SO₂or NH and one or two CH moieties unreplaced or replaced with N.

The term “spiroheteroalkenyl,” as used herein, means spiroalkenyl having one or two CH₂moieties replaced with independently selected O, C(O), CNOH, CNOCH₃, S, S(O), SO₂or NH and one or two CH moieties unreplaced or replaced with N and also means spiroalkenyl having one or two CH₂moieties unreplaced or replaced with independently selected O, C(O), CNOH, CNOCH₃, S, S(O), SO₂or NH and one or two CH moieties replaced with N.

The term, “spirocyclo,” as used herein, means two substituents on the same carbon atom, that, together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a cycloalkane, heterocycloalkane, cycloalkene, or heterocycloalkene ring.

The term “C₂-C₅-spiroalkyl,” as used herein, means C₂-spiroalkyl, C₃-spiroalkyl, C₄-spiroalkyl, and C₅-spiroalkyl.

The term “C₂-spiroalkyl,” as used herein, means eth-1,2-ylene, both ends of which replace hydrogen atoms of the same CH₂moiety.

The term “C₃-spiroalkyl,” as used herein, means prop-1,3-ylene, both ends of which replace hydrogen atoms of the same CH₂moiety.

The term “C₄-spiroalkyl,” as used herein, means but-1,4-ylene, both ends of which replace hydrogen atoms of the same CH₂moiety.

The term “C₅-spiroalkyl,” as used herein, means pent-1,5-ylene, both ends of which replace hydrogen atoms of the same CH₂moiety.

The term “C₆-spiroalkyl,” as used herein, means hex-1,6-ylene, both ends of which replace hydrogen atoms of the same CH₂moiety.

The term “NH protecting group,” as used herein, means trichloroethoxycarbonyl, tribromoethoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, para-nitrobenzylcarbonyl, ortho-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, chloroacetyl, dichloroacetyl, trichloroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, phenylacetyl, formyl, acetyl, benzoyl, tert-amyloxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, para-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-oxycarbonyl, 4-(phenylazo)benzyloxycarbonyl, 2-furfuryl-oxycarbonyl, diphenylmethoxycarbonyl, 1,1-dimethylpropoxy-carbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, phthaloyl, succinyl, alanyl, leucyl, 1-adamantyloxycarbonyl, 8-quinolyloxycarbonyl, benzyl, diphenylmethyl, triphenylmethyl, 2-nitrophenylthio, methanesulfonyl, para-toluenesulfonyl, N,N-dimethylaminomethylene, benzylidene, 2-hydroxybenzylidene, 2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzylidene, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl-methylene, 3-hydroxy-4-pyridylmethylene, cyclohexylidene, 2-ethoxycarbonylcyclohexylidene, 2-ethoxycarbonylcyclopentylidene, 2-acetylcyclohexylidene, 3,3-dimethyl-5-oxycyclo-hexylidene, diphenylphosphoryl, dibenzylphosphoryl, 5-methyl-2-oxo-2H-1,3-dioxol-4-yl-methyl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, and triphenylsilyl.

The term “C(O)OH protecting group,” as used herein, means methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, diphenylmethyl, triphenylmethyl, para-nitrobenzyl, para-methoxybenzyl, bis(para-methoxyphenyl)methyl, acetylmethyl, benzoylmethyl, para-nitrobenzoylmethyl, para-bromobenzoylmethyl, para-methanesulfonylbenzoylmethyl, 2-tetrahydropyranyl 2-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,2,2-trichloro-ethyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl, acetoxymethyl, propionyloxymethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, phthalimidomethyl, succinimidomethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl, benzyloxymethyl, methylthiomethyl, 2-methylthioethyl, phenylthiomethyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, allyl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, diethylisopropylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl, and tert-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl.

The term “OH or SH protecting group,” as used herein, means benzyloxycarbonyl, 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, 1,1-dimethylpropoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, isobutyloxycarbonyl, diphenylmethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-tribromoethoxycarbonyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxycarbonyl, 2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethoxycarbonyl, 2-(triphenylphosphonio)ethoxycarbonyl, 2-furfuryloxycarbonyl, 1-adamantyloxycarbonyl, vinyloxycarbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl, S-benzylthiocarbonyl, 4-ethoxy-1-naphthyloxycarbonyl, 8-quinolyloxycarbonyl, acetyl, formyl, chloroacetyl, dichloroacetyl, trichloroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, methoxyacetyl, phenoxyacetyl, pivaloyl, benzoyl, methyl, tert-butyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 2-trimethylsilylethyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, allyl, benzyl (phenylmethyl), para-methoxybenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, diphenylmethyl, triphenylmethyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, methoxymethyl, methylthiomethyl, benzyloxymethyl, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl, 2,2,2-trichloro-ethoxymethyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl, 1-ethoxyethyl, methanesulfonyl, para-toluenesulfonyl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, diethylisopropylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl, and tert-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl.

Compounds

Geometric isomers may exist in the present compounds. Compounds of this invention may contain carbon-carbon double bonds or carbon-nitrogen double bonds in the E or Z configuration, wherein the term “E” represents higher order substituents on opposite sides of the carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen double bond and the term “Z” represents higher order substituents on the same side of the carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen double bond as determined by the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Priority Rules. The compounds of this invention may also exist as a mixture of “E” and “Z” isomers. Substituents around a cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl are designated as being of cis or trans configuration. Furthermore, the invention contemplates the various isomers and mixtures thereof resulting from the disposal of substituents around an adamantane ring system. Two substituents around a single ring within an adamantane ring system are designated as being of Z or E relative configuation. For examples, see C. D. Jones, M. Kaselj, R. N. Salvatore, W. J. le Noble J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 2758-2760 and E. L. Eliel, and S. H. Wilen. (1994) Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds. New York, N.Y.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Compounds of this invention may contain asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms in the R or S configuration, in which the terms “R” and “S” are as defined by the IUPAC 1974 Recommendations for Section E, Fundamental Stereochemistry, Pure Appl. Chem. (1976) 45, 13-10. Compounds having asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms with equal amounts of R and S configurations are racemic at those carbon atoms. Atoms with an excess of one configuration over the other are assigned the configuration present in the higher amount, preferably an excess of about 85%-90%, more preferably an excess of about 95%-99%, and still more preferably an excess greater than about 99%. Accordingly, this invention includes racemic mixtures, relative and absolute stereoisomers, and mixtures of relative and absolute stereoisomers.

Compounds of this invention containing NH, C(O)OH, OH or SH moieties may have attached thereto prodrug-forming moieties. The prodrug-forming moieties are removed by metabolic processes and release the compounds having the freed hydroxyl, amino or carboxylic acid in vivo. Prodrugs are useful for adjusting such pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds as solubility and/or hydrophobicity, absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, bioavailability, tissue penetration, and rate of clearance.

Isotope Enriched or Labeled Compounds

Compounds of the invention can exist in isotope-labeled or -enriched form containing one or more atoms having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number most abundantly found in nature. Isotopes can be radioactive or non-radioactive isotopes. Isotopes of atoms such as hydrogen, carbon, phosphorous, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, and iodine include, but are not limited to, ²H, ³H, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁸O, ³²P, ³⁵S, ¹⁸F, ³⁶Cl, and ¹²⁵I. Compounds that contain other isotopes of these and/or other atoms are within the scope of this invention.

In another embodiment, the isotope-labeled compounds contain deuterium (²H), tritium (³H) or ¹⁴C isotopes. Isotope-labeled compounds of this invention can be prepared by the general methods well known to persons having ordinary skill in the art. Such isotope-labeled compounds can be conveniently prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the Examples disclosed herein and Schemes by substituting a readily available isotope-labeled reagent for a non-labeled reagent. In some instances, compounds may be treated with isotope-labeled reagents to exchange a normal atom with its isotope, for example, hydrogen for deuterium can be exchanged by the action of a deuteric acid such as D₂SO₄/D₂O. In addition to the above, relevant procedures and intermediates are disclosed, for instance, in Lizondo, J et al., Drugs Fut, 21(11), 1116 (1996); Brickner, S J et al., J Med Chem, 39(3), 673 (1996); Mallesham, B et al., Org Lett, 5(7), 963 (2003); PCT publications WO1997010223, WO2005099353, WO1995007271, WO2006008754; U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,538,189; 7,534,814; 7,531,685; 7,528,131; 7,521,421; 7,514,068; 7,511,013; and US Patent Application Publication Nos. 20090137457; 20090131485; 20090131363; 20090118238; 20090111840; 20090105338; 20090105307; 20090105147; 20090093422; 20090088416; and 20090082471, the methods are hereby incorporated by reference.

The isotope-labeled compounds of the invention may be used as standards to determine the effectiveness of Bcl-2 inhibitors in binding assays. Isotope containing compounds have been used in pharmaceutical research to investigate the in vivo metabolic fate of the compounds by evaluation of the mechanism of action and metabolic pathway of the nonisotope-labeled parent compound (Blake et al. J. Pharm. Sci. 64, 3, 367-391 (1975)). Such metabolic studies are important in the design of safe, effective therapeutic drugs, either because the in vivo active compound administered to the patient or because the metabolites produced from the parent compound prove to be toxic or carcinogenic (Foster et al., Advances in Drug Research Vol. 14, pp. 2-36, Academic press, London, 1985; Kato et al., J. Labelled Comp. Radiopharmaceut., 36(10):927-932 (1995); Kushner et al., Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 77, 79-88 (1999).

In addition, non-radio active isotope containing drugs, such as deuterated drugs called “heavy drugs,” can be used for the treatment of diseases and conditions related to Bcl-2 activity. Increasing the amount of an isotope present in a compound above its natural abundance is called enrichment. Examples of the amount of enrichment include from about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 42, 46, 50, 54, 58, 63, 67, 71, 75, 79, 84, 88, 92, 96, to about 100 mol %. Replacement of up to about 15% of normal atom with a heavy isotope has been effected and maintained for a period of days to weeks in mammals, including rodents and dogs, with minimal observed adverse effects (Czajka D M and Finkel A J, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1960 84: 770; Thomson J F, Ann. New York Acad. Sci 1960 84: 736; Czakja D M et al., Am. J. Physiol. 1961 201: 357). Acute replacement of as high as 15%-23% in human fluids with deuterium was found not to cause toxicity (Blagojevic N et al. in “Dosimetry & Treatment Planning for Neutron Capture Therapy”, Zamenhof R, Solares G and Harling O Eds. 1994. Advanced Medical Publishing, Madison Wis. pp.125-134; Diabetes Metab. 23: 251 (1997)).

Stable isotope labeling of a drug can alter its physico-chemical properties such as pKa and lipid solubility. These effects and alterations can affect the pharmacodynamic response of the drug molecule if the isotopic substitution affects a region involved in a ligand-receptor interaction. While some of the physical properties of a stable isotope-labeled molecule are different from those of the unlabeled one, the chemical and biological properties are the same, with one important exception: because of the increased mass of the heavy isotope, any bond involving the heavy isotope and another atom will be stronger than the same bond between the light isotope and that atom. Accordingly, the incorporation of an isotope at a site of metabolism or enzymatic transformation will slow said reactions potentially altering the pharmcokinetic profile or efficacy relative to the non-istopic compound.

Amides, Esters and Prodrugs

Prodrugs are derivatives of an active drug designed to ameliorate some identified, undesirable physical or biological property. The physical properties are usually solubility (too much or not enough lipid or aqueous solubility) or stability related, while problematic biological properties include too rapid metabolism or poor bioavailability which itself may be related to a physicochemical property.

Prodrugs are usually prepared by: a) formation of ester, hemi esters, carbonate esters, nitrate esters, amides, hydroxamic acids, carbamates, imines, Mannich bases, phosphates, phosphate esters, and enamines of the active drug, b) functionalizing the drug with azo, glycoside, peptide, and ether functional groups, c) use of aminals, hemi-aminals, polymers, salts, complexes, phosphoramides, acetals, hemiacetals, and ketal forms of the drug. For example, see Andrejus Korolkovas's, “Essentials of Medicinal Chemistry”, John Wiley-Interscience Publications, John Wiley and Sons, New York (1988), pp. 97-118, which is incorporated in its entirety by reference herein.

Esters can be prepared from substrates of formula (I) containing either a hydroxyl group or a carboxy group by general methods known to persons skilled in the art. The typical reactions of these compounds are substitutions replacing one of the heteroatoms by another atom, for example:

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Amides can be prepared from substrates of formula (I) containing either an amino group or a carboxy group in similar fashion. Esters can also react with amines or ammonia to form amides.

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Another way to make amides from compounds of formula (I) is to heat carboxylic acids and amines together.

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In Schemes 2 and 3 above, R and R′ are independently substrates of formula (I), alkyl or hydrogen.

Suitable groups for A¹, B¹, D¹, E¹, Y¹, L¹, Z^1A, Z^2A, Z¹, Z², and Z³in compounds of Formula (I) are independently selected. The described embodiments of the present invention may be combined. Such combination is contemplated and within the scope of the present invention. For example, it is contemplated that embodiments for any of A¹, B¹, D¹, E¹, Y¹, L¹, Z^1A, Z^2A, Z¹, Z², and Z³can be combined with embodiments defined for any other of A¹, B¹, D¹, E¹, Y¹, L¹, Z^1A, Z^2A, Z¹, Z², and Z³.

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wherein

A¹is N or C(A²);

E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

A²and D¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthalene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

R¹is R², R³, R⁴or R⁵;

R^1Ais cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl;

R²is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^2A; R^2Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R³is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^3A; R^3Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶is C₂-C₅-spiroalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with OH, (O), N₃, CN, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br, I, NH₂, NH(CH₃) or N(CH₃)₂;

R^6Aand R^6Bare independently selected alkyl or, together with the N to which they are attached, R^6C;

R⁶is aziridin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yl, each having one CH₂moiety unreplaced or replaced with O, C(O), CNOH, CNOCH₃, S, S(O), SO₂or NH;

R⁷is R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰or R¹¹;

R⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^8A; R^8Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^9A; R^9Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹¹is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R¹², OR¹², SR¹², S(O)R¹², SO₂R¹², C(O)R¹², CO(O)R¹², OC(O)R¹², OC(O)OR¹², NH₂, NHR¹², N(R¹²)₂, NHC(O)R¹², NR¹²C(O)R¹², NHS(O)₂R¹², NR¹²S(O)²R¹², NHC(O)OR¹², NR¹²C(O)OR¹², NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR¹², NHC(O)N(R¹²)₂, NR¹²C(O)NHR¹², NR¹²C(O)N(R¹²)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR¹², C(O)N(R¹²)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR¹², C(O)NHSO₂R¹², C(O)NR¹²SO₂R¹², SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR¹², SO₂N(R¹²)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR¹², C(N)N(R¹²)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R¹²is R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵or R¹⁶;

R¹³is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^13A; R^13Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹⁴is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^14A; R^14Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹⁶is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl;

Z¹is R²⁶or R²⁷;

Z²is R²⁸, R²⁹or R³⁰;

Z^1Aand Z^2Aare both absent or are taken together to form CH₂, CH₂CH₂or Z^12A;

Z^12Ais C₂-C₆-alkylene having one or two CH₂moieties replaced by NH, N(CH₃), S, S(O) or SO₂;

R²⁶is phenylene which is unfused or fused with benzene or heteroarene or R^26A; R^26Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R²⁷is heteroarylene, which is unfused or fused with benzene or heteroarene or R^27A; R^27Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R²⁸is phenylene, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^28A; R^28Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R²⁹is heteroarylene, which is unfused or fused with benzene or heteroarene or R^29A; R^29Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R³⁷is a bond or R^37A;

R^37Bis alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl;

Z³is R³⁸, R³⁹or R⁴⁰;

R³⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^38A; R^38Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocyclalkene;

R³⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^39A; R^39Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

wherein the moieties represented by R²⁶and R²⁷are unsubstituted or substituted, (i.e., if Z^1Aand Z^2Aare absent) or further unsubstituted or further substituted (i.e., if Z^1Aand Z^2Aare present) with one or more R⁴¹, OR⁴¹, SR⁴¹, S(O)R⁴¹, SO₂R⁴¹, C(O)R⁴¹, CO(O)R⁴¹, OC(O)R⁴¹, OC(O)OR⁴¹, NH₂, NHR⁴¹, N(R⁴¹)₂, NHC(O)R⁴¹, NR⁴¹C(O)R⁴¹, NHS(O)₂R⁴¹, NR⁴¹S(O)₂R⁴¹, NHC(O)OR⁴¹, NR⁴¹C(O)OR⁴¹, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁴¹, NHC(O)N(R⁴¹)₂, NR⁴¹C(O)NHR⁴¹, NR⁴¹C(O)N(R⁴¹)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁴¹, C(O)N(R⁴¹)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁴¹, C(O)NHSO₂R⁴¹, C(O)NR⁴¹SO₂R⁴¹, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁴¹, SO₂N(R⁴¹)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁴¹, C(N)N(R⁴¹)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁴¹is R⁴², R⁴³, R⁴⁴or R⁴⁵;

R⁴²is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^42A; R^42Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁴³is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, or R^43A; R^43Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁴⁶is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, R⁴⁷, R⁴⁸or R⁴⁹;

R⁴⁷is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^47A; R^47Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁴⁸is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^48A; R^48Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by E¹and Y¹together, Y¹and B¹together, A²and B¹together, A²and D¹together, R^1A, R², R^2A, R³, R^3A, R⁴, R^4A, R⁶, R^6C, R⁸, R^8A, R⁹, R^9A, R¹⁰, R^10A, R¹³, R^13A, R¹⁴, R^14A, R¹⁵, R^15A, R²⁸, R^28A, R²⁹, R^29A, R³⁰, R^30A, R^37B, R³⁸, R^38A, R³⁹, R^39A, R⁴⁰and R^40Aare independently unsubstituted, further unsubstituted, substituted or further substituted with one or more independently selected R⁵⁷, OR⁵⁷, SR⁵⁷, S(O)R⁵⁷, SO₂R⁵⁷, C(O)R⁵⁷, CO(O)R⁵⁷, OC(O)R⁵⁷, OC(O)OR⁵⁷, NH₂, NHR⁵⁷, N(R⁵⁷)₂, NHC(O)R⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)R⁵⁷, NHS(O)₂R⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷S(O)₂R⁵⁷, NHC(O)OR⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)OR⁵⁷, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁵⁷, NHC(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, NR⁵⁷C(O)NHR⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁵⁷, C(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁵⁷, C(O)NHSO₂R⁵⁷, C(O)NR⁵⁷SO₂R⁵⁷, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁵⁷, SO₂N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁵⁷, C(N)N(R⁵⁷)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁵⁷is R⁵⁸, R⁵⁹, R⁶⁰or R⁶¹;

R⁵⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^58A; R^58Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁵⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^59A; R^59Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶²is R⁶³, R⁶⁴, R⁶⁵or R⁶⁶;

R⁶³is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^63A; R^63Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶⁴is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^64A; R^64Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶⁷is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl;

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by R⁵⁸, R⁵⁹, R⁶⁰, R⁶³, R⁶⁴, R⁶⁵, and R⁶⁷are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more independently selected R⁶⁸, OR⁶⁸, SR⁶⁸, S(O)R⁶⁸, SO₂R⁶⁸, C(O)R⁶⁸, CO(O)R⁶⁸, OC(O)R⁶⁸, OC(O)OR⁶⁸, NH₂, NHR⁶⁸, N(R⁶⁸)₂, NHC(O)R₆₈, NR⁶⁸C(O)R⁶⁸, NHS(O)₂R⁶⁸, NR⁶⁸S(O)₂R⁶⁸, NHC(O)OR⁶⁸, NR⁶⁸C(O)OR⁶⁸, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁶⁸, NHC(O)N(R⁶⁸)², NR⁶⁸C(O)NHR⁶⁸, NR⁶⁸C(O)N(R⁶⁸)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁶⁸, C(O)N(R⁶⁸)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁶⁸, C(O)NHSO₂R⁶⁸, C(O)NR⁶⁸SO₂R⁶⁸, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁶⁸, SO₂N(R⁶⁸)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁶⁸, C(N)N(R⁶⁸)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶⁸is R⁶⁹, R⁷⁰, R⁷¹or R⁷²;

R⁶⁹is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^69A; R^69Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁷⁰is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^70A; R^70Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁷³is alkyl, alkenyl, alkenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl; and

Another embodiment of this invention pertains to compounds of Formula (I), wherein

A¹is N or C(A²);

E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthylene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

A²and D¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, naphthalene, heteroarene, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

R¹is R², R³, R⁴or R⁵;

R^1Ais cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl;

R²is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^2A; R^2Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R³is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^3A; R^3Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶is C₂-C₅-spiroalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with OH, (O), N₃, CN, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br, I, NH₂, NH(CH₃) or N(CH₃)₂;

R^6Aand R^6Bare independently selected alkyl or, together with the N to which they are attached, R^6C;

R^6Cis aziridin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yl, each having one CH₂moiety unreplaced or replaced with O, C(O), CNOH, CNOCH₃, S, S(O), SO₂or NH;

R⁷is R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰or R¹¹;

R⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^8A; R^8Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^9A; R^9Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹⁰is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl each of which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^1A; R^10Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹¹is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R¹², OR¹², SR¹², S(O)R¹², SO₂R¹², C(O)R¹², CO(O)R¹², OC(O)R¹², OC(O)OR¹², NH₂, NHR¹², N(R¹²)₂, NHC(O)R¹², NR¹²C(O)R¹², NHS(O)₂R¹², NR¹²S(O)₂R¹², NHC(O)OR¹², NR¹²C(O)OR¹², NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR¹², NHC(O)N(R¹²)₂, NR¹²C(O)NHR¹², NR¹²C(O)N(R¹²)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR¹², C(O)N(R¹²)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR¹², C(O)NHSO₂R¹², C(O)NR¹²SO₂R¹², SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR¹², SO₂N(R¹²)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR¹², C(N)N(R¹²)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R¹²is R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵or R¹⁶;

R¹³is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^13A; R^13Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹⁴is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^14A; R^{14 A}is cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R¹⁶is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl;

Z¹is R²⁶or R²⁷;

Z²is R²⁸, R²⁹or R³⁰;

Z^1Aand Z^2Aare both absent or are taken together to form CH₂, CH₂CH₂or Z^12A;

Z^12Ais C₂-C₆-alkylene having one or two CH₂moieties replaced by NH, N(CH₃), S, S(O) or SO₂;

R²⁶is phenylene which is unfused or fused with benzene or heteroarene or R^26A; R^26Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R²⁷is heteroarylene, which is unfused or fused with benzene or heteroarene or R^27A; R^27Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R²⁸is phenylene, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^28A; R^28Ais

cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R²⁹is heteroarylene, which is unfused or fused with benzene or heteroarene or R^29A; R^29Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene ;

R³⁷is a bond or R^37A;

R^37Bis alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl;

Z³is R³⁸, R³⁹or R⁴⁰;

R³⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^38A; R^38Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocyclalkene;

R³⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^39A; R^39Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

wherein the moieties represented by R²⁶and R²⁷are substituted, (i.e., if Z^1Aand Z^2Aare absent) or further substituted (i.e., if Z^1Aand Z^2Aare present) with one or more OR⁴¹;

R⁴¹is R⁴²;

R⁴²is phenyl, which is fused with heteroarene;

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by E¹and Y¹together, Y¹and B¹together, A²and B¹to ether A²and D¹together R^1A, R², R^2A, R³, R^3A, R⁴, R^4A, R⁶, R^6C, R⁸, R^8A, R⁹, R^9A, R¹⁰, R^10A, R¹³, R^13A, R¹⁴, R^14A, R¹⁵, R^15A, R²⁸, R^28A, R²⁹, R^29A, R³⁰, R^30A, R^37B, R³⁸, R^38A, R³⁹, R^39A, R⁴⁰, and R^40Aare independently unsubstituted, further unsubstituted, substituted or further substituted with one or more independently selected R⁵⁷, OR⁵⁷, SR⁵⁷, S(O)R⁵⁷, SO₂R⁵⁷, C(O)R⁵⁷, CO(O)R⁵⁷, OC(O)R⁵⁷, OC(O)OR⁵⁷, NH₂, NHR⁵⁷, N(R⁵⁷)₂, NHC(O)R⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)R⁵⁷, NHS(O)₂R⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷S(O)₂R⁵⁷, NHC(O)OR⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)OR⁵⁷, NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁵⁷, NHC(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, NR⁵⁷C(O)NHR⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁵⁷, C(O)N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁵⁷, C(O)NHSO₂R⁵⁷, C(O)NR⁵⁷SO₂R⁵⁷, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁵⁷, SO₂N(R⁵⁷)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁵⁷, C(N)N(R⁵⁷)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁵⁷is R⁵⁸, R⁵⁹, R⁶⁰or R⁶¹;

R⁵⁸is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^58A; R^58Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁵⁹is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^59A; R^59Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶¹is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected R⁶², OR⁶², SR⁶², S(O)R⁶², SO₂R⁶², C(O)R⁶², CO(O)R⁶², OC(O)R⁶², OC(O)OR⁶², NH₂, NHR⁶², N(R⁶²)₂, NHC(O)R^{62, NR}⁶²C(O)R⁶², NHS(O)₂R⁶², NR⁶²S(O)²R⁶², NHC(O)OR⁶², NR⁶²C(O)OR⁶², NHC(O)NH₂, NHC(O)NHR⁶², NHC(O)N(R⁶²)₂, NR⁶²C(O)NHR⁶², NR⁶²C(O)N(R⁶²)², C(O)NH₂, C(O)NHR⁶², C(O)N(R⁶²)₂, C(O)NHOH, C(O)NHOR⁶², C(O)NHSO₂R⁶², C(O)NR⁶²SO₂R⁶², SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHR⁶², SO₂N(R⁶²)₂, C(O)H, C(O)OH, C(N)NH₂, C(N)NHR⁶², C(N)N(R⁶²)₂, CNOH, CNOCH₃, OH, (O), CN, N₃, NO₂, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, OCF₃, OCF₂CF₃, F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶²is R⁶³, R⁶⁴, R⁶⁵or R⁶⁶;

R⁶³is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^63A; R^63Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶⁴is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^64A; R^64Ais

cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁶⁷is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl;

R⁶⁸is R⁶⁹, R⁷⁰, R⁷¹or R⁷²;

R⁶⁹is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^69A; R^69Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁷⁰is heteroaryl, which is unfused or fused with benzene, heteroarene or R^70A; R^70Ais cycloalkane, cycloalkene, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene;

R⁷³is alkyl, alkenyl, alkenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl; and

In another embodiment of Formula (I),

A¹is N or C(A²);

A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂;

E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene or heteroarene, and

A², B¹, and D¹are independently selected H;

Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and

A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H;

A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, cycloalkane, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂;

Z¹is R²⁶;

Z²is R³⁰;

Z^1Aand Z^2Aare both absent;

L¹is a R³⁷;

R²⁶is phenylene;

R³⁰is heterocycloalkylene;

R³⁷is R^37A;

R^37Ais alkylene or alkenylene, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with R^37B;

R^37Bis phenyl;

Z³is R³⁸or R⁴⁰;

R³⁸is phenyl;

R⁴⁰is cycloalkenyl;

R⁴¹is R⁴²or R⁴⁵;

R⁴²is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with heteroarene;

R⁴⁵is alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two independently selected R⁴⁶;

R⁴⁶is R⁴⁷;

R⁴⁷is phenyl;

R⁵⁷is R⁵⁸, or R⁶¹;

R⁵⁸is phenyl,

R⁶¹is alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected N(R⁶²)₂, or F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶²is R⁶⁶;

R⁶⁶is alkyl; and

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by R⁵⁸is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more independently selected F, Cl, Br or I substituents.

In one embodiment of Formula (I), A¹is C(A²); and A²is H. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A¹is N.

In another embodiment of Formula (I), A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A¹is C(A²); A²is H; and B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A¹is C(A²); and A², B¹, D¹, Y¹, and E¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is F. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is CN. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is CF₃. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is Cl. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A¹is C(A²); A², D¹, and E¹are H; B¹is Cl, and Y¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², B¹, and E¹are H; and D¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is OH. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is F. In another embodiment of Formula (I), E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, and A², B¹, and D¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (I), Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H. In another embodiment of Formula (I), E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene and A², B¹, and D¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are cycloalkane; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heterocycloalkane; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (I), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heterocycloalkene; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂.

Still another embodiment pertains to compounds having Formula I, which are

4-[4-(3,3-diphenylprop-2-enyl)piperazin-1-yl]-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
N-[(2-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)benzamide;
N-[(3-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)benzamide;
N-[(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
2-(benzyloxy)-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-phenylethoxy)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-phenoxy-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
N-[(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}benzamide;
4-[4-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-3-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl]-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(phenylthio)benzamide;
2-(benzylamino)-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
2-benzyl-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-phenylethyl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(phenylsulfinyl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-methoxy-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-[4-({4′-chloro-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl}methyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-[4-({4′-chloro-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl}methyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-N-[(3-cyanophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-N-[(3-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-N-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-(2-naphthylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-(isoquinolin-5-ylsulfonyl)benzamide;
N-[(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indazol-4-yloxy)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(7-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(6-chloro-1,1-dioxido-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-7-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-({5-[ethyl(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-1-naphthyl}sulfonyl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(2-oxo-2H-chromen-6-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;

and therapeutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, salts of prodrugs and metabolites thereof.

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wherein A¹, B¹, D¹, E¹, Y¹, and Z³are as described for Formula (I) and R¹⁰¹is H or is as described for substitutents on R²⁶.

In one embodiment of Formula (II),

A¹is N, or C(A²);

A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂;

E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene or heteroarene, and

A², B¹, and D¹are independently selected H;

Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and

A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H;

A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, cycloalkane, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂;

Z³is R³⁸or R⁴⁰;

R³⁸is phenyl;

R⁴⁰is cycloalkenyl;

wherein R¹⁰¹is R⁴¹, OR⁴¹, SR⁴¹, S(O)R⁴¹, SO₂R⁴¹, or NHR⁴¹substituents;

R⁴¹is R⁴²or R⁴⁵;

R⁴²is phenyl, which is unfused or fused with heteroarene;

R⁴⁵is alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two independently selected R⁴⁶;

R⁴⁶is R⁴⁷;

R⁴⁷is phenyl;

R⁵⁷is R⁵⁸, or R⁶¹;

R⁵⁸is phenyl,

R⁶¹is alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected N(R⁶²)₂, or F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶²is R⁶⁶;

R⁶⁶is alkyl; and

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by R⁵⁸is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more independently selected F, Cl, Br or I substituents.

In one embodiment of Formula (II), A¹is C(A²); and A²is H. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A¹is N.

In another embodiment of Formula (II), A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A¹is C(A²); A²is H; and B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A¹is C(A²); and A², B¹, D¹, Y¹, and E¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is F. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is CN. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is CF₃. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is Cl. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A¹is C(A²); A², D¹, and E¹are H; B¹is Cl, and Y¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², B¹, and E¹are H; and D¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is OH. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is F. In another embodiment of Formula (II), E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, and A², B¹, and D¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (II), Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H. In another embodiment of Formula (II), E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene and A², B¹, and D¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are cycloalkane; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heterocycloalkane; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (II), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heterocycloalkene; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂.

Still another embodiment pertains to compounds having Formula II, which are

2-(benzyloxy)-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-phenylethoxy)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-phenoxy-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(phenylthio)benzamide;
2-(benzylamino)-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
2-benzyl-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-phenylethyl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(phenylsulfinyl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-methoxy-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-[4-({4′-chloro-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl}methyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-[4-({4′-chloro-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl}methyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-N-[(3-cyanophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-N-[(3-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-N-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-(2-naphthylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-(isoquinolin-5-ylsulfonyl)benzamide;
N-[(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indazol-4-yloxy)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(7-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(6-chloro-1,1-dioxido-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-7-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-({5-[ethyl(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-1-naphthyl}sulfonyl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(2-oxo-2H-chromen-6-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide;

and therapeutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, salts of prodrugs and metabolites thereof.

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wherein A¹, B¹, D¹, E¹, Y¹, and Z³are as described for Formula (I).

In one embodiment of Formula (III),

A¹is N or C(A²);

A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂;

E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene or heteroarene, and

A², B¹, and D¹are independently selected H;

Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and

A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H;

A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, cycloalkane, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂;

Z³is R³⁸or R⁴⁰;

R³⁸is phenyl;

R⁴⁰is cycloalkenyl;

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by E¹and Y¹together, Y¹and B¹together, A²and B¹together, R³⁰, R^30A, R^37B, R³⁸, and R⁴⁰are independently unsubstituted unsubstituted, substituted or further substituted with one or more independently selected R⁵⁷, OR⁵⁷, NR⁵⁷C(O)R⁵⁷, or (O);

R⁵⁷is R⁵⁸, or R⁶¹;

R⁵⁸is phenyl,

R⁶¹is alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected N(R⁶²)₂, or F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶²is R⁶⁶;

R⁶⁶is alkyl; and

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by R⁵⁸is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more independently selected F, Cl, Br or I substituents.

In one embodiment of Formula (III), A¹is C(A²); and A²is H. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A¹is N.

In another embodiment of Formula (III), A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A¹is C(A²); A²is H; and B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A¹is C(A²); and A², B¹, D¹, Y¹, and E¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is F. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is CN. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is CF₃. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is Cl. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A¹is C(A²); A², D¹, and E¹are H; B¹is Cl, and Y¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², B¹, and E¹are H; and D¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is OH. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is F. In another embodiment of Formula (III), E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, and A², B¹, and D¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (III), Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H. In another embodiment of Formula (III), E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene and A², B¹, and D¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are cycloalkane; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heterocycloalkane; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (III), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heterocycloalkene; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂.

Still another embodiment pertains to compounds having Formula III, which are

4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-phenoxy-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide;

and therapeutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, salts of prodrugs and metabolites thereof.

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wherein A¹, B¹, D¹, E¹, Y¹, and Z³are as described for Formula (I).

In one embodiment of Formula (IV),

A¹is N or C(A²);

A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂;

E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene or heteroarene, and

A², B¹, and D¹are independently selected H;

Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and

A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H;

A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, cycloalkane, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂;

Z³is R³⁸or R⁴⁰;

R³⁸is phenyl;

R⁴⁰is cycloalkenyl;

R⁵⁷is R⁵⁸, or R⁶¹;

R⁵⁸is phenyl,

R⁶¹is alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected N(R⁶²)₂, or F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶²is R⁶⁶;

R⁶⁶is alkyl; and

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by R⁵⁸is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more independently selected F, Cl, Br or I substituents.

In one embodiment of Formula (IV), A¹is C(A²); and A²is H. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A¹is N.

In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A¹is C(A²); A²is H; and B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A¹is C(A²); and A², B¹, D¹, Y¹, and E¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is F. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is CN. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is CF₃. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is Cl. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A¹is C(A²); A², D¹, and E¹are H; B¹is Cl, and Y¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², B¹, and E¹are H; and D¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is OH. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is F. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, and A², B¹, and D¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene and A², B¹, and D¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are cycloalkane; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heterocycloalkane; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (IV), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heterocycloalkene; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂.

Still another embodiment pertains to compounds having Formula IV, which are

4-[4-({4′-chloro-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl}methyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-[4-({4′-chloro-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl}methyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;

and therapeutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, salts of prodrugs and metabolites thereof.

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wherein A¹, B¹, D¹, E¹, Y¹, and Z³are as described for Formula (I).

In one embodiment of Formula (V),

A¹is N or C(A²);

A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂;

E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene or heteroarene, and

A², B¹, and D¹are independently selected H;

Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and

A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H;

A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, cycloalkane, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂;

Z³is R³⁸or R⁴⁰;

R³⁸is phenyl;

R⁴⁰is cycloalkenyl;

R⁵⁷is R⁵⁸, or R⁶¹;

R⁵⁸is phenyl,

R⁶¹is alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected N(R⁶²)₂, or F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶²is R⁶⁶;

R⁶⁶is alkyl; and

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by R⁵⁸is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more independently selected F, Cl, Br or I substituents.

In one embodiment of Formula (V), A¹is C(A²); and A²is H. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A¹is N.

In another embodiment of Formula (V), A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A¹is C(A²); A²is H; and B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A¹is C(A²); and A², B¹, D¹, Y¹, and E¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is F. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is CN. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is CF₃. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is Cl. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A¹is C(A²); A², D¹, and E¹are H; B¹is Cl, and Y¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², B¹, and E¹are H; and D¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is OH. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is F. In another embodiment of Formula (V), E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, and A², B¹, and D¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (V), Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H. In another embodiment of Formula (V), E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene and A², B¹, and D¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are cycloalkane; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heterocycloalkane; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (V), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heterocycloalkene; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂.

Still another embodiment pertains to compounds having Formula V, which are

4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-N-[(3-cyanophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-N-[(3-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-N-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-(2-naphthylsulfonyl)benzamide;
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-(isoquinolin-5-ylsulfonyl)benzamide;

and therapeutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, salts of prodrugs and metabolites thereof.

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wherein A¹, B¹, D¹, E¹, Y¹, and Z³are as described for Formula (I).

In one embodiment of Formula (VI),

A¹is N or C(A²);

A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂;

E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene or heteroarene, and

A², B¹, and D¹are independently selected H;

Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and

A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H;

A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, cycloalkane, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂;

Z³is R³⁸or R⁴⁰;

R³⁸is phenyl;

R⁴⁰is cycloalkenyl;

R⁵⁷is R⁵⁸, or R⁶¹;

R⁵⁸is phenyl,

R⁶¹is alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected N(R⁶²)₂, or F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶²is R⁶⁶;

R⁶⁶is alkyl; and

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by R⁵⁸is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more independently selected F, Cl, Br or I substituents.

In one embodiment of Formula (VI), A¹is C(A²); and A²is H. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A¹is N.

In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A¹is C(A²); A²is H; and B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A¹is C(A²); and A², B¹, D¹, Y¹, and E¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is F. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is CN. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is CF₃. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is Cl. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A¹is C(A²); A², D¹, and E¹are H; B¹is Cl, and Y¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², B¹, and E¹are H; and D¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is OH. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is F. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, and A², B¹, and D¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene and A², B¹, and D¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are cycloalkane; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heterocycloalkane; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VI), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heterocycloalkene; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂.

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wherein A¹, B¹, D¹, E¹, Y¹, and Z³are as described for Formula (I).

In one embodiment of Formula (VII),

A¹is N or C(A²);

A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂;

E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene or heteroarene, and

A², B¹, and D¹are independently selected H;

Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and

A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H;

A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, cycloalkane, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂;

Z³is R³⁸or R⁴⁰;

R³⁸is phenyl;

R⁴⁰is cycloalkenyl;

R⁵⁷is R⁵⁸, or R⁶¹;

R⁵⁸is phenyl,

R⁶¹is alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected N(R⁶²)₂, or F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶²is R⁶⁶;

R⁶⁶is alkyl; and

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by R⁵⁸is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more independently selected F, Cl, Br or I substituents.

In one embodiment of Formula (VII), A¹is C(A²); and A²is H. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A¹is N.

In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A¹is C(A²); A²is H; and B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A¹is C(A²); and A², B¹, D¹, Y¹, and E¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is F. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is CN. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is CF₃. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is Cl. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A¹is C(A²); A², D¹, and E¹are H; B¹is Cl, and Y¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², B¹, and E¹are H; and D¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is OH. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is F. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, and A², B¹, and D¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene and A², B¹, and D¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are cycloalkane; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heterocycloalkane; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VII), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heterocycloalkene; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂.

embedded image

wherein A¹, B¹, D¹, E¹, Y¹, and Z³are as described for Formula (I).

In one embodiment of Formula (VIII),

A¹is N or C(A²);

A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂;

E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene or heteroarene, and

A², B¹, and D¹are independently selected H;

Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and

A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H;

A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, cycloalkane, heterocycloalkane or heterocycloalkene; and

D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂;

Z³is R³⁸or R⁴⁰;

R³⁸is phenyl;

R⁴⁰is cycloalkenyl;

R⁵⁷is R⁵⁸, or R⁶¹;

R⁵⁸is phenyl,

R⁶¹is alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two or three independently selected N(R⁶²)₂, or F, Cl, Br or I substituents;

R⁶²is R⁶⁶;

R⁶⁶is alkyl; and

wherein the cyclic moieties represented by R⁵⁸is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more independently selected F, Cl, Br or I substituents.

In one embodiment of Formula (VIII), A¹is C(A²); and A²is H. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A¹is N.

In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A², B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A¹is C(A²); A²is H; and B¹, D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, OH, F, Cl, Br, CN, CF₃, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A¹is C(A²); and A², B¹, D¹, Y¹, and E¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is F. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is CN. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is CF₃. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A¹is C(A²); A², B¹, D¹, and E¹are H; and Y¹is Cl. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A¹is C(A²); A², D¹, and E¹are H; B¹is Cl, and Y¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², B¹, and E¹are H; and D¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is Br. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is OH. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A¹is C(A²); Y¹, A², D¹, and E¹are H; and B¹is F. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene, and A², B¹, and D¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), Y¹and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene, and A², D¹, and E¹are independently selected H. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), E¹and Y¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are benzene and A², B¹, and D¹are H. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heteroarene; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are cycloalkane; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heterocycloalkane; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂. In another embodiment of Formula (VIII), A²and B¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are heterocycloalkene; and D¹, E¹, and Y¹are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, or NO₂.

Pharmaceutical Compositions, Combination Therapies, Methods of Treatment, and Administration

Another embodiment comprises pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound having Formula (I) and an excipient.

Still another embodiment comprises methods of treating cancer in a mammal comprising administering thereto a therapeutically acceptable amount of a compound having Formula (I).

Still another embodiment comprises methods of treating autoimmune disease in a mammal comprising administering thereto a therapeutically acceptable amount of a compound having Formula (I).

Still another embodiment pertains to compositions for treating diseases during which anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins are expressed, said compositions comprising an excipient and a therapeutically effective amount of the compound having Formula (I).

Still another embodiment pertains to methods of treating disease in a patient during which anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins are expressed, said methods comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having Formula (I).

Still another embodiment pertains to compositions for treating bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bone marrow cancer, cervical cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lymphoblastic leukemia, follicular lymphoma, lymphoid malignancies of T-cell or B-cell origin, melanoma, myelogenous leukemia, myeloma, oral cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer or spleen cancer, said compositions comprising an excipient and a therapeutically effective amount of the compound having Formula (I).

Still another embodiment pertains to methods of treating bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bone marrow cancer, cervical cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lymphoblastic leukemia, follicular lymphoma, lymphoid malignancies of T-cell or B-cell origin, melanoma, myelogenous leukemia, myeloma, oral cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer or spleen cancer in a patient, said methods comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having Formula (I).

Still another embodiment pertains to compositions for treating diseases during which are expressed anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, said compositions comprising an excipient and a therapeutically effective amount of the compound having Formula (I) and a therapeutically effective amount of one additional therapeutic agent or more than one additional therapeutic agent.

Still another embodiment pertains to methods of treating disease in a patient during which are expressed anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, said methods comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having Formula (I) and a therapeutically effective amount of one additional therapeutic agent or more than one additional therapeutic agent.

Still another embodiment pertains to compositions for treating bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bone marrow cancer, cervical cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lymphoblastic leukemia, follicular lymphoma, lymphoid malignancies of T-cell or B-cell origin, melanoma, myelogenous leukemia, myeloma, oral cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myeloma, prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer or spleen cancer, said compositions comprising an excipient and a therapeutically effective amount of the compound having Formula (I) and a therapeutically effective amount of one additional therapeutic agent or more than one additional therapeutic agent.

Still another embodiment pertains to methods of treating bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bone marrow cancer, cervical cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lymphoblastic leukemia, follicular lymphoma, lymphoid malignancies of T-cell or B-cell origin, melanoma, myelogenous leukemia, myeloma, oral cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myeloma, prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer or spleen cancer in a patient, said methods comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of the compound having Formula (I) and a therapeutically effective amount of one additional therapeutic agent or more than one additional therapeutic agent.

Metabolites of compounds having Formula (I), produced by in vitro or in vivo metabolic processes, may also have utility for treating diseases associated with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins.

Certain precursor compounds which may be metabolized in vitro or in vivo to form compounds having Formula (I) may also have utility for treating diseases associated with expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins.

Compounds having Formula (I) may exist as acid addition salts, basic addition salts or zwitterions. Salts of the compounds are prepared during isolation or following purification of the compounds. Acid addition salts of the compounds are those derived from the reaction of the compounds with an acid. For example, the acetate, adipate, alginate, bicarbonate, citrate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsufonate, digluconate, formate, fumarate, glycerophosphate, glutamate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, lactobionate, lactate, maleate, mesitylenesulfonate, methanesulfonate, naphthylenesulfonate, nicotinate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, phosphate, picrate, propionate, succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, trichloroacetic, trifluoroacetic, para-toluenesulfonate, and undecanoate salts of the compounds and prodrugs thereof are contemplated as being embraced by this invention. Basic addition salts of the compounds are those derived from the reaction of the compounds with the hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate of cations such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.

The compounds having Formula (I) may be administered, for example, bucally, ophthalmically, orally, osmotically, parenterally (intramuscularly, intraperitoneally intrasternally, intravenously, subcutaneously), rectally, topically, transdermally or vaginally.

Therapeutically effective amounts of compounds having Formula (I) depend on the recipient of the treatment, the disorder being treated and the severity thereof, the composition containing the compound, the time of administration, the route of administration, the duration of treatment, the compound potency, its rate of clearance and whether or not another drug is co-administered. The amount of a compound of this invention having Formula (I) used to make a composition to be administered daily to a patient in a single dose or in divided doses is from about 0.03 to about 200 mg/kg body weight. Single dose compositions contain these amounts or a combination of submultiples thereof.

Compounds having Formula (I) may be administered with or without an excipient. Excipients include, for example, encapsulating materials or additives such as absorption accelerators, antioxidants, binders, buffers, coating agents, coloring agents, diluents, disintegrating agents, emulsifiers, extenders, fillers, flavoring agents, humectants, lubricants, perfumes, preservatives, propellants, releasing agents, sterilizing agents, sweeteners, solubilizers, wetting agents and mixtures thereof.

Excipients for preparation of compositions comprising a compound having Formula (I) to be administered orally in solid dosage form include, for example, agar, alginic acid, aluminum hydroxide, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, 1,3-butylene glycol, carbomers, castor oil, cellulose, cellulose acetate, cocoa butter, corn starch, corn oil, cottonseed oil, cross-povidone, diglycerides, ethanol, ethyl cellulose, ethyl laureate, ethyl oleate, fatty acid esters, gelatin, germ oil, glucose, glycerol, groundnut oil, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, isopropanol, isotonic saline, lactose, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium stearate, malt, mannitol, monoglycerides, olive oil, peanut oil, potassium phosphate salts, potato starch, povidone, propylene glycol, Ringer's solution, safflower oil, sesame oil, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium phosphate salts, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium sorbitol, soybean oil, stearic acids, stearyl fumarate, sucrose, surfactants, talc, tragacanth, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, triglycerides, water, and mixtures thereof. Excipients for preparation of compositions comprising a compound of this invention having Formula (I) to be administered ophthalmically or orally in liquid dosage forms include, for example, 1,3-butylene glycol, castor oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, ethanol, fatty acid esters of sorbitan, germ oil, groundnut oil, glycerol, isopropanol, olive oil, polyethylene glycols, propylene glycol, sesame oil, water and mixtures thereof. Excipients for preparation of compositions comprising a compound of this invention having Formula (I) to be administered osmotically include, for example, chlorofluorohydrocarbons, ethanol, water and mixtures thereof. Excipients for preparation of compositions comprising a compound of this invention having Formula (I) to be administered parenterally include, for example, 1,3-butanediol, castor oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, dextrose, germ oil, groundnut oil, liposomes, oleic acid, olive oil, peanut oil, Ringer's solution, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, U.S.P. or isotonic sodium chloride solution, water and mixtures thereof. Excipients for preparation of compositions comprising a compound of this invention having Formula (I) to be administered rectally or vaginally include, for example, cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, wax and mixtures thereof.

Compounds having Formula (I) are expected to be useful when used with alkylating agents, angiogenesis inhibitors, antibodies, antimetabolites, antimitotics, antiproliferatives, antivirals, aurora kinase inhibitors, other apoptosis promoters (for example, Bcl-xL, Bcl-w and Bfl-1) inhibitors, activators of death receptor pathway, Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors, BiTE (Bi-Specific T cell Engager) antibodies, antibody drug conjugates, biologic response modifiers, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, DVDs, leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ErbB2) receptor inhibitors, growth factor inhibitors, heat shock protein (HSP)-90 inhibitors, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, hormonal therapies, immunologicals, inhibitors of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), intercalating antibiotics, kinase inhibitors, kinesin inhibitors, Jak2 inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, microRNA's, mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitors, multivalent binding proteins, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), poly ADP (adenosine diphosphate)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, platinum chemotherapeutics, polo-like kinase (Plk) inhibitors, phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, proteosome inhibitors, purine analogs, pyrimidine analogs, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, etinoids/deltoids plant alkaloids, small inhibitory ribonucleic acids (siRNAs), topoisomerase inhibitors, ubiquitin ligase inhibitors, and the like, and in combination with one or more of these agents.

BiTE antibodies are bi-specific antibodies that direct T-cells to attack cancer cells by simultaneously binding the two cells. The T-cell then attacks the target cancer cell. Examples of BiTE antibodies include adecatumumab (Micromet MT201), blinatumomab (Micromet MT103) and the like. Without being limited by theory, one of the mechanisms by which T-cells elicit apoptosis of the target cancer cell is by exocytosis of cytolytic granule components, which include perforin and granzyme B. In this regard, Bcl-2 has been shown to attenuate the induction of apoptosis by both perforin and granzyme B. These data suggest that inhibition of Bcl-2 could enhance the cytotoxic effects elicited by T-cells when targeted to cancer cells (V. R. Sutton, D. L. Vaux and J. A. Trapani, J. of Immunology 1997, 158 (12), 5783).

SiRNAs are molecules having endogenous RNA bases or chemically modified nucleotides. The modifications do not abolish cellular activity, but rather impart increased stability and/or increased cellular potency. Examples of chemical modifications include phosphorothioate groups, 2′-deoxynucleotide, 2′-OCH₃-containing ribonucleotides, 2′-F-ribonucleotides, 2′-methoxyethyl ribonucleotides, combinations thereof and the like. The siRNA can have varying lengths (e.g., 10-200 bps) and structures (e.g., hairpins, single/double strands, bulges, nicks/gaps, mismatches) and are processed in cells to provide active gene silencing. A double-stranded siRNA (dsRNA) can have the same number of nucleotides on each strand (blunt ends) or asymmetric ends (overhangs). The overhang of 1-2 nucleotides can be present on the sense and/or the antisense strand, as well as present on the 5′- and/or the 3′-ends of a given strand. For example, siRNAs targeting Mcl-1 have been shown to enhance the activity of ABT-263, (i.e., N-(4-(4-((2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1-cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoyl)-4-(((1R)-3-(morpholin-4-yl)-1-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)benzenesulfonamide) or ABT-737 (i.e., N-(4-(4-((4′-chloro(1,1′-biphenyl)-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoyl)-4-(((1R)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide) in multiple tumor cell lines (Tse et. al, Cancer Research 2008, 68(9), 3421 and references therein).

Multivalent binding proteins are binding proteins comprising two or more antigen binding sites. Multivalent binding proteins are engineered to have the three or more antigen binding sites and are generally not naturally occurring antibodies. The term “multispecific binding protein” means a binding protein capable of binding two or more related or unrelated targets. Dual variable domain (DVD) binding proteins are tetravalent or multivalent binding proteins binding proteins comprising two or more antigen binding sites. Such DVDs may be monospecific (i.e., capable of binding one antigen) or multispecific (i.e., capable of binding two or more antigens). DVD binding proteins comprising two heavy chain DVD polypeptides and two light chain DVD polypeptides are referred to as DVD Ig's. Each half of a DVD Ig comprises a heavy chain DVD polypeptide, a light chain DVD polypeptide, and two antigen binding sites. Each binding site comprises a heavy chain variable domain and a light chain variable domain with a total of 6 CDRs involved in antigen binding per antigen binding site. Multispecific DVDs include DVD binding proteins that bind DLL4 and VEGF, or C-met and EFGR or ErbB3 and EGFR.

Alkylating agents include altretamine, AMD-473, AP-5280, apaziquone, bendamustine, brostallicin, busulfan, carboquone, carmustine (BCNU), chlorambucil, CLORETAZINE® (laromustine, VNP 40101M), cyclophosphamide, decarbazine, estramustine, fotemustine, glufosfamide, ifosfamide, KW-2170, lomustine (CCNU), mafosfamide, melphalan, mitobronitol, mitolactol, nimustine, nitrogen mustard N-oxide, ranimustine, temozolomide, thiotepa, TREANDA® (bendamustine), treosulfan, rofosfamide and the like.

Angiogenesis inhibitors include endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (Tie-2) inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, insulin growth factor-2 receptor (IGFR-2) inhibitors, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) inhibitors, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) inhibitors, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibitors, thrombospondin analogs, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (VEGFR) inhibitors and the like.

Antimetabolites include ALIMTA® (pemetrexed disodium, LY231514, MTA), 5-azacitidine, XELODA® (capecitabine), carmofur, LEUSTAT® (cladribine), clofarabine, cytarabine, cytarabine ocfosfate, cytosine arabinoside, decitabine, deferoxamine, doxifluridine, eflornithine, EICAR (5-ethynyl-1-β-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide), enocitabine, ethnylcytidine, fludarabine, 5-fluorouracil alone or in combination with leucovorin, GEMZAR® (gemcitabine), hydroxyurea, ALKERAN® (melphalan), mercaptopurine, 6-mercaptopurine riboside, methotrexate, mycophenolic acid, nelarabine, nolatrexed, ocfosfate, pelitrexol, pentostatin, raltitrexed, Ribavirin, triapine, trimetrexate, S-1, tiazofurin, tegafur, TS-1, vidarabine, UFT and the like.

Antivirals include ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine and the like.

Aurora kinase inhibitors include ABT-348, AZD-1152, MLN-8054, VX-680, Aurora A-specific kinase inhibitors, Aurora B-specific kinase inhibitors and pan-Aurora kinase inhibitors and the like.

Bcl-2 protein inhibitors include AT-101 ((−)gossypol), GENASENSE® (G3139 or oblimersen (Bcl-2-targeting antisense oligonucleotide)), IPI-194, IPI-565, N-(4-(4-((4′-chloro(1,1′-biphenyl)-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoyl)-4-(((1R)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide) (ABT-737), N-(4-(4-((2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1-cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoyl)-4-(((1R)-3-(morpholin-4-yl)-1-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)benzenesulfonamide (ABT-263), GX-070 (obatoclax) and the like.

Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors include DASATINIB® (BMS-354825), GLEEVEC® (imatinib) and the like.

CDK inhibitors include AZD-5438, BMI-1040, BMS-032, BMS-387, CVT-2584, flavopyridol, GPC-286199, MCS-5A, PD0332991, PHA-690509, seliciclib (CYC-202, R-roscovitine), ZK-304709 and the like.

COX-2 inhibitors include ABT-963, ARCOXIA® (etoricoxib), BEXTRA® (valdecoxib), BMS347070, CELEBREX® (celecoxib), COX-189 (lumiracoxib), CT-3, DERAMAXX® (deracoxib), JTE-522, 4-methyl-2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-1-(4-sulfamoylphenyl-1H-pyrrole), MK-663 (etoricoxib), NS-398, parecoxib, RS-57067, SC-58125, SD-8381, SVT-2016, S-2474, T-614, VIOXX® (rofecoxib) and the like.

EGFR inhibitors include ABX-EGF, anti-EGFR immunoliposomes, EGF-vaccine, EMD-7200, ERBITUX® (cetuximab), HR3, IgA antibodies, IRESSA® (gefitinib), TARCEVA® (erlotinib or OSI-774), TP-38, EGFR fusion protein, TYKERB® (lapatinib) and the like.

ErbB2 receptor inhibitors include CP-724-714, CI-1033 (canertinib), HERCEPTIN® (trastuzumab), TYKERB® (lapatinib), OMNITARG® (2C4, petuzumab), TAK-165, GW-572016 (ionafarnib), GW-282974, EKB-569, PI-166, dHER2 (HER2 vaccine), APC-8024 (HER-2 vaccine), anti-HER/2neu bispecific antibody, B7.her2IgG3, AS HER2 trifunctional bispecific antibodies, mAB AR-209, mAB 2B-1 and the like.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors include depsipeptide, LAQ-824, MS-275, trapoxin, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), TSA, valproic acid and the like.

HSP-90 inhibitors include 17-AAG-nab, 17-AAG, CNF-101, CNF-1010, CNF-2024, 17-DMAG, geldanamycin, IPI-504, KOS-953, MYCOGRAB® (human recombinant antibody to HSP-90), NCS-683664, PU24FCl, PU-3, radicicol, SNX-2112, STA-9090 VER49009 and the like.

Inhibitors of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins include HGS1029, GDC-0145, GDC-0152, LCL-161, LBW-242 and the like.

Antibody drug conjugates include anti-CD22-MC-MMAF, anti-CD22-MC-MMAE, anti-CD22-MCC-DM1, CR-011-vcMMAE, PSMA-ADC, MEDI-547, SGN-19Am SGN-35, SGN-75 and the like

Activators of death receptor pathway include TRAIL, antibodies or other agents that target TRAIL or death receptors (e.g., DR4 and DR5) such as Apomab, conatumumab, ETR2-ST01, GDC0145, (lexatumumab), HGS-1029, LBY-135, PRO-1762 and trastuzumab.

Kinesin inhibitors include Eg5 inhibitors such as AZD4877, ARRY-520; CENPE inhibitors such as GSK923295A and the like.

JAK-2 inhibitors include CEP-701 (lesaurtinib), XL019 and INCB018424 and the like.

MEK inhibitors include ARRY-142886, ARRY-438162 PD-325901, PD-98059 and the like.

mTOR inhibitors include AP-23573, CCI-779, everolimus, RAD-001, rapamycin, temsirolimus, ATP-competitive TORC1/TORC2 inhibitors, including PI-103, PP242, PP30, Torin 1 and the like.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs include AMIGESIC® (salsalate), DOLOBID® (diflunisal), MOTRIN® (ibuprofen), ORUDIS® (ketoprofen), RELAFEN® (nabumetone), FELDENE® (piroxicam), ibuprofen cream, ALEVE® (naproxen) and NAPROSYN® (naproxen), VOLTAREN® (diclofenac), INDOCIN® (indomethacin), CLINORIL® (sulindac), TOLECTIN® (tolmetin), LODINE® (etodolac), TORADOL® (ketorolac), DAYPRO® (oxaprozin) and the like.

PDGFR inhibitors include C-451, CP-673, CP-868596 and the like.

Platinum chemotherapeutics include cisplatin, ELOXATIN® (oxaliplatin) eptaplatin, lobaplatin, nedaplatin, PARAPLATIN® (carboplatin), satraplatin, picoplatin and the like.

Polo-like kinase inhibitors include BI-2536 and the like.

Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors include wortmannin, LY294002, XL-147, CAL-120, ONC-21, AEZS-127, ETP-45658, PX-866, GDC-0941, BGT226, BEZ235, XL765 and the like.

Thrombospondin analogs include ABT-510, ABT-567, ABT-898, TSP-1 and the like.

VEGFR inhibitors include AVASTIN® (bevacizumab), ABT-869, AEE-788, ANGIOZYME™ (a ribozyme that inhibits angiogenesis (Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals (Boulder, Colo.) and Chiron, (Emeryville, Calif.)), axitinib (AG-13736), AZD-2171, CP-547,632, IM-862, MACUGEN (pegaptamib), NEXAVAR® (sorafenib, BAY43-9006), pazopanib (GW-786034), vatalanib (PTK-787, ZK-222584), SUTENT® (sunitinib, SU-11248), VEGF trap, ZACTIMA™ (vandetanib, ZD-6474), GA101, ofatumumab, ABT-806 (mAb-806), ErbB3 specific antibodies, BSG2 specific antibodies, DLL4 specific antibodies and C-met specific antibodies, and the like.

Antibiotics include intercalating antibiotics aclarubicin, actinomycin D, amrubicin, annamycin, adriamycin, BLENOXANE® (bleomycin), daunorubicin, CAELYX® or MYOCET® (liposomal doxorubicin), elsamitrucin, epirbucin, glarbuicin, ZAVEDOS® (idarubicin), mitomycin C, nemorubicin, neocarzinostatin, peplomycin, pirarubicin, rebeccamycin, stimalamer, streptozocin, VALSTAR® (valrubicin), zinostatin and the like.

Topoisomerase inhibitors include aclarubicin, 9-aminocamptothecin, amonafide, amsacrine, becatecarin, belotecan, BN-80915, CAMPTOSAR® (irinotecan hydrochloride), camptothecin, CARDIOXANE® (dexrazoxine), diflomotecan, edotecarin, ELLENCE® or PHARMORUBICIN® (epirubicin), etoposide, exatecan, 10-hydroxycamptothecin, gimatecan, lurtotecan, mitoxantrone, orathecin, pirarbucin, pixantrone, rubitecan, sobuzoxane, SN-38, tafluposide, topotecan and the like.

Antibodies include AVASTIN® (bevacizumab), CD40-specific antibodies, chTNT-1/B, denosumab, ERBITUX® (cetuximab), HUMAX-CD4® (zanolimumab), IGF1R-specific antibodies, lintuzumab, PANOREX® (edrecolomab), RENCAREX® (WX G250), RITUXAN® (rituximab), ticilimumab, trastuzimab, CD20 antibodies types I and II and the like.

Hormonal therapies include ARIMIDEX® (anastrozole), AROMASIN® (exemestane), arzoxifene, CASODEX® (bicalutamide), CETROTIDE® (cetrorelix), degarelix, deslorelin, DESOPAN® (trilostane), dexamethasone, DROGENIL® (flutamide), EVISTA® (raloxifene), AFEMA™ (fadrozole), FARESTON® (toremifene), FASLODEX® (fulvestrant), FEMARA® (letrozole), formestane, glucocorticoids, HECTOROL® (doxercalciferol), RENAGEL® (sevelamer carbonate), lasofoxifene, leuprolide acetate, MEGACE® (megesterol), MIFEPREX® (mifepristone), NILANDRON™ (nilutamide), NOLVADEX® (tamoxifen citrate), PLENAXIS™ (abarelix), prednisone, PROPECIA® (finasteride), rilostane, SUPREFACT® (buserelin), TRELSTAR® (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)), VANTAS® (Histrelin implant), VETORYL® (trilostane or modrastane), ZOLADEX® (fosrelin, goserelin) and the like.

Deltoids and retinoids include seocalcitol (EB1089, CB1093), lexacalcitrol (KH1060), fenretinide, PANRETIN® (aliretinoin), ATRAGEN® (liposomal tretinoin), TARGRETIN® (bexarotene), LGD-1550 and the like.

PARP inhibitors include ABT-888 (veliparib), olaparib, KU-59436, AZD-2281, AG-014699, BSI-201, BGP-15, INO-1001, ONO-2231 and the like.

Plant alkaloids include, but are not limited to, vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine, vinorelbine and the like.

Proteasome inhibitors include VELCADE® (bortezomib), MG132, NPI-0052, PR-171 and the like.

Examples of immunologicals include interferons and other immune-enhancing agents. Interferons include interferon alpha, interferon alpha-2a, interferon alpha-2b, interferon beta, interferon gamma-1a, ACTIMMUNE® (interferon gamma-1b) or interferon gamma-n1, combinations thereof and the like. Other agents include ALFAFERONE®, (IFN-α), BAM-002 (oxidized glutathione), BEROMUN® (tasonermin), BEXXAR® (tositumomab), CAMPATH® (alemtuzumab), CTLA4 (cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4), decarbazine, denileukin, epratuzumab, GRANOCYTE® (lenograstim), lentinan, leukocyte alpha interferon, imiquimod, MDX-010 (anti-CTLA-4), melanoma vaccine, mitumomab, molgramostim, MYLOTARG™ (gemtuzumab ozogamicin), NEUPOGEN® (filgrastim), OncoVAC-CL, OVAREX® (oregovomab), pemtumomab (Y-muHMFG1), PROVENGE® (sipuleucel-T), sargaramostim, sizofilan, teceleukin, THERACYS® (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin), ubenimex, VIRULIZIN® (immunotherapeutic, Lorus Pharmaceuticals), Z-100 (Specific Substance of Maruyama (SSM)), WF-10 (Tetrachlorodecaoxide (TCDO)), PROLEUKIN® (aldesleukin), ZADAXIN® (thymalfasin), ZENAPAX® (daclizumab), ZEVALIN® (90Y-Ibritumomab tiuxetan) and the like.

Biological response modifiers are agents that modify defense mechanisms of living organisms or biological responses, such as survival, growth or differentiation of tissue cells to direct them to have anti-tumor activity and include krestin, lentinan, sizofiran, picibanil PF-3512676 (CpG-8954), ubenimex and the like.

Pyrimidine analogs include cytarabine (ara C or Arabinoside C), cytosine arabinoside, doxifluridine, FLUDARA® (fludarabine), 5-FU (5-fluorouracil), floxuridine, GEMZAR® (gemcitabine), TOMUDEX® (ratitrexed), TROXATYL™ (triacetyluridine troxacitabine) and the like.

Purine analogs include LANVIS® (thioguanine) and PURI-NETHOL® (mercaptopurine).

Antimitotic agents include batabulin, epothilone D (KOS-862), N-(2-((4-hydroxyphenyl)amino)pyridin-3-yl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide, ixabepilone (BMS 247550), paclitaxel, TAXOTERE® (docetaxel), PNU100940 (109881), patupilone, XRP-9881 (larotaxel), vinflunine, ZK-EPO (synthetic epothilone) and the like.

Ubiquitin ligase inhibitors include MDM2 inhibitors, such as nutlins, NEDD8 inhibitors such as MLN4924 and the like.

Compounds of this invention can also be used as radiosensitizers that enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy. Examples of radiotherapy include external beam radiotherapy, teletherapy, brachytherapy and sealed, unsealed source radiotherapy and the like.

Additionally, compounds having Formula (I) may be combined with other chemotherapeutic agents such as ABRAXANE™ (ABI-007), ABT-100 (farnesyl transferase inhibitor), ADVEXIN® (Ad5CMV-p53 vaccine), ALTOCOR® or MEVACOR® (lovastatin), AMPLIGEN® (poly I:poly C12U, a synthetic RNA), APTOSYN® (exisulind), AREDIA® (pamidronic acid), arglabin, L-asparaginase, atamestane (1-methyl-3,17-dione-androsta-1,4-diene), AVAGE® (tazarotene), AVE-8062 (combreastatin derivative) BEC2 (mitumomab), cachectin or cachexin (tumor necrosis factor), canvaxin (vaccine), CEAVAC® (cancer vaccine), CELEUK® (celmoleukin), CEPLENE® (histamine dihydrochloride), CERVARIX® (human papillomavirus vaccine), CHOP® (C: CYTOXAN® (cyclophosphamide); H: ADRIAMYCIN® (hydroxydoxorubicin); O: Vincristine (ONCOVIN®); P: prednisone), CYPAT™ (cyproterone acetate), combrestatin A4P, DAB(389)EGF (catalytic and translocation domains of diphtheria toxin fused via a His-Ala linker to human epidermal growth factor) or TransMID-107R™ (diphtheria toxins), dacarbazine, dactinomycin, 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), eniluracil, EVIZON™ (squalamine lactate), DIMERICINE® (T4N5 liposome lotion), discodermolide, DX-8951f (exatecan mesylate), enzastaurin, EPO906 (epithilone B), GARDASIL® (quadrivalent human papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, 18) recombinant vaccine), GASTRIMMUNE®, GENASENSE®, GMK (ganglioside conjugate vaccine), GVAX® (prostate cancer vaccine), halofuginone, histerelin, hydroxycarbamide, ibandronic acid, IGN-101, IL-13-PE38, IL-13-PE38QQR (cintredekin besudotox), IL-13-pseudomonas exotoxin, interferon-α, interferon-γ, JUNOVAN™ or MEPACT™ (mifamurtide), lonafarnib, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine), NEOVASTAT® (AE-941), NEUTREXIN® (trimetrexate glucuronate), NIPENT® (pentostatin), ONCONASE® (a ribonuclease enzyme), ONCOPHAGE® (melanoma vaccine treatment), ONCOVAX® (IL-2 Vaccine), ORATHECIN™ (rubitecan), OSIDEM® (antibody-based cell drug), OVAREX® MAb (murine monoclonal antibody), paclitaxel, PANDIMEX™ (aglycone saponins from ginseng comprising 20(S)protopanaxadiol (aPPD) and 20(S)protopanaxatriol (aPPT)), panitumumab, PANVAC®-VF (investigational cancer vaccine), pegaspargase, PEG Interferon A, phenoxodiol, procarbazine, rebimastat, REMOVAB® (catumaxomab), REVLIMID® (lenalidomide), RSR13 (efaproxiral), SOMATULINE® LA (lanreotide), SORIATANE® (acitretin), staurosporine (Streptomyces staurospores), talabostat (PT100), TARGRETIN® (bexarotene), TAXOPREXIN® (DHA-paclitaxel), TELCYTA® (canfosfamide, TLK286), temilifene, TEMODAR® (temozolomide), tesmilifene, thalidomide, THERATOPE® (STn-KLH), thymitaq (2-amino-3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-4-oxo-5-(4-pyridylthio)quinazoline dihydrochloride), TNFERADE™ (adenovector: DNA carrier containing the gene for tumor necrosis factor-α), TRACLEER® or ZAVESCA® (bosentan), tretinoin (Retin-A), tetrandrine, TRISENOX® (arsenic trioxide), VIRULIZIN®, ukrain (derivative of alkaloids from the greater celandine plant), vitaxin (anti-alphavbeta3 antibody), XCYTRIN® (motexafin gadolinium), XINLAY™ (atrasentan), XYOTAX™ (paclitaxel poliglumex), YONDELIS® (trabectedin), ZD-6126, ZINECARD® (dexrazoxane), ZOMETA® (zolendronic acid), zorubicin and the like.

Data

Determination of the utility of compounds having Formula (I) as binders to and inhibitors of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins was performed using the Time Resolved-Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (TR-FRET) Assay. Tb-anti-GST antibody was purchased from Invitrogen (Catalog No. PV4216).

Probe Synthesis

All reagents were used as obtained from the vendor unless otherwise specified. Peptide synthesis reagents including diisopropylethylamine (DIEA), dichloromethane (DCM), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and piperidine were obtained from Applied Biosystems, Inc. (ABI), Foster City, Calif. or American Bioanalytical, Natick, Mass. Preloaded 9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) amino acid cartridges (Fmoc-Ala-OH, Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Asp(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Glu(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Phe-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-His(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Ile-OH, Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Met-OH, Fmoc-Asn(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Pro-OH, Fmor-Gln(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH, Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Val-OH, Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH) were obtained from ABI or Anaspec, San Jose, Calif. The peptide synthesis resin (Fmoc-Rink amide MBHA resin) and Fmoc-Lys(Mtt)-OH were obtained from Novabiochem, San Diego, Calif. Single-isomer 6-carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (6-FAM-NHS) was obtained from Anaspec. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was obtained from Oakwood Products, West Columbia, S.C. Thioanisole, phenol, triisopropylsilane (TIS), 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol (DODT) and isopropanol were obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass-spectra (MALDI-MS) were recorded on an Applied Biosystems Voyager DE-PRO MS). Electrospray mass-spectra (ESI-MS) were recorded on Finnigan SSQ7000 (Finnigan Corp., San Jose, Calif.) in both positive and negative ion mode.

General Procedure for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS)

Peptides were synthesized with, at most, 250 μmol preloaded Wang resin/vessel on an ABI 433A peptide synthesizer using 250 μmol scale FASTMOC™ coupling cycles. Preloaded cartridges containing 1 mmol standard Fmoc-amino acids, except for the position of attachment of the fluorophore, where 1 mmol Fmoc-Lys(Mtt)-OH was placed in the cartridge, were used with conductivity feedback monitoring. N-terminal acetylation was accomplished by using 1 mmol acetic acid in a cartridge under standard coupling conditions.

Removal of 4-Methyltrityl (Mtt) from Lysine

The resin from the synthesizer was washed thrice with dichloromethane and kept wet. 150 mL of 95:4:1 dichloromethane:triisopropylsilane:trifluoroacetic acid was flowed through the resin bed over 30 minutes. The mixture turned deep yellow then faded to pale yellow. 100 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide was flowed through the bed over 15 minutes. The resin was then washed thrice with N,N-dimethylformamide and filtered. Ninhydrin tests showed a strong signal for primary amine

Resin Labeling with 6-Carboxyfluorescein-NHS (6-FAM-NHS)

The resin was treated with 2 equivalents 6-FAM-NHS in 1% DIEA/N,N-dimethylformamide and stirred or shaken at ambient temperature overnight. When complete, the resin was drained, washed thrice with N,N-dimethylformamide, thrice with (1×DCM and 1×methanol) and dried to provide an orange resin that was negative by ninhydrin test.

General Procedure for Cleavage and Deprotection of Resin-Bound Peptide

Peptides were cleaved from the resin by shaking for 3 hours at ambient temperature in a cleavage cocktail consisting of 80% TFA, 5% water, 5% thioanisole, 5% phenol, 2.5% TIS, and 2.5% EDT (1 mL/0.1 g resin). The resin was removed by filtration and rinsing twice with TFA. The TFA was evaporated from the filtrates, and product was precipitated with ether (10 mL/0.1 g resin), recovered by centrifugation, washed twice with ether (10 mL/0.1 g resin) and dried to give the crude peptide.

General Procedure for Purification of Peptides

The crude peptides were purified on a Gilson preparative HPLC system running Unipoint® analysis software (Gilson, Inc., Middleton, Wis.) on a radial compression column containing two 25×100 mm segments packed with Delta-Pak™ C18 15 μm particles with 100 Å pore size and eluted with one of the gradient methods listed below. One to two milliliters of crude peptide solution (10 mg/mL in 90% DMSO/water) was purified per injection. The peaks containing the product(s) from each run were pooled and lyophilized. All preparative runs were run at 20 mL/min with eluents as buffer A: 0.1% TFA-water and buffer B: acetonitrile.

General Procedure for Analytical HPLC

Analytical HPLC was performed on a Hewlett-Packard 1200 series system with a diode-array detector and a Hewlett-Packard 1046A fluorescence detector running HPLC 3D CHEMSTATION software version A.03.04 (Hewlett-Packard. Palo Alto, CA) on a 4.6×250 mm YMC column packed with ODS-AQ 5 μm particles with a 120 Å pore size and eluted with one of the gradient methods listed below after preequilibrating at the starting conditions for 7 minutes. Eluents were buffer A: 0.1% TFA-water and buffer B: acetonitrile. The flow rate for all gradients was 1 mL/min.

F-Bak: Peptide Probe Acetyl-GQVGRQLAIIGDK(6-FAM)INR-NH₂(SEQ ID NO:1)

Fmoc-Rink amide MBHA resin was extended using the general peptide synthesis procedure to provide the protected resin-bound peptide (1.020 g). The Mtt group was removed, labeled with 6-FAM-NHS and cleaved and deprotected as described hereinabove to provide the crude product as an orange solid (0.37 g). This product was purified by RP-HPLC. Fractions across the main peak were tested by analytical RP-HPLC, and the pure fractions were isolated and lyophilized, with the major peak providing the title compound (0.0802 g) as a yellow solid; MALDI-MS m/z=2137.1 [(M+H)⁺].

Alternative Synthesis of Peptide Probe F-Bak: Acetyl-GQVGRQLAIIGDK(6-FAM)INR-NH₂(SEQ ID NO:1)

The protected peptide was assembled on 0.25 mmol Fmoc-Rink amide MBHA resin (Novabiochem) on an Applied Biosystems 433A automated peptide synthesizer running FASTMOC™ coupling cycles using pre-loaded 1 mmol amino acid cartridges, except for the fluorescein(6-FAM)-labeled lysine, where 1 mmol Fmoc-Lys(4-methyltrityl) was weighed into the cartridge. The N-terminal acetyl group was incorporated by putting 1 mmol acetic acid in a cartridge and coupling as described hereinabove. Selective removal of the 4-methyltrityl group was accomplished with a solution of 95:4:1 DCM:TIS:TFA (v/v/v) flowed through the resin over 15 minutes, followed by quenching with a flow of dimethylformamide. Single-isomer 6-carboxyfluorescein-NHS was reacted with the lysine side-chain in 1% DIEA in N,N-dimethylformamide and confirmed complete by ninhydrin testing. The peptide was cleaved from the resin and side-chains deprotected by treating with 80:5:5:5:2.5:2.5 TFA/water/phenol/thioanisole/triisopropylsilane: 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol (v/v/v/v/v/v), and the crude peptide was recovered by precipitation with diethyl ether. The crude peptide was purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and its purity and identity were confirmed by analytical reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser-desorption mass-spectrometry (m/z=2137.1 ((M+H)+)).

Time Resolved-Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (TR-FRET) Assay

Representative compounds were serially diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) starting at 50 μM (2x starting concentration; 10% DMSO) and 10 μL were transferred into a 384-well plate. Then 10 μL of a protein/probe/antibody mix was added to each well at final concentrations listed in TABLE 1. The samples are then mixed on a shaker for 1 minute and incubated for an additional 3 hours at room temperature. For each assay, the probe/antibody and protein/probe/antibody were included on each assay plate as negative and positive controls, respectively. Fluorescence was measured on the ENVISION plate reader (Perkin Elmer) using a 340/35 nm excitation filter and 520/525 (F-Bak peptide) and 495/510 nm (Tb-labeled anti-Histidine antibody) emission filters. Inhibition constants (Ki) are shown in TABLE 2 below and were determined using Wang's equation (Wang Z.-X. An Exact Mathematical Expression For Describing Competitive Binding Of Two Different Ligands To A Protein Molecule. FEBS Lett. 1995, 360:111-4).

TABLE 1

Protein, Probe And Antibody Used For TR-FRET Assays

Protein
Probe

Antibody

Protein
Probe
(nM)
(nM)
Antibody
(nM)

GST-Bcl-2
F-Bak Peptide Probe
1
100
Tb-anti-GST
1

Acetyl-GQVGRQLAIIGDK

(6-FAM)

INR-amide

(SEQ ID NO: 1)

6-FAM = 6-carboxyfluorescein.; Tb = terbium; GST = glutathione S-transferase

TABLE 2

TR-FRET Bcl-2 Binding Ki (μM)

TR-FRET

Binding: Bcl-2

Example No.
Ki (μM)

5
0.184564

6
0.211918

8
0.975006

9
0.026482

11
0.208284

13
0.072896

14
0.748598

15
0.047989

16
0.273003

18
0.745889

19
0.402855

20
0.279946

21
0.087297

22
0.017280

23
0.027303

24
0.010344

26
0.626725

27
0.004156

28
0.000125

29
0.002272

30
0.00020883

31
0.021618

32
0.0059419

33
0.0040901

34
0.0051381

35
0.0088374

36
0.031748

37
0.010612

38
0.0001741

40
nd

41
nd

42
nd

43
nd

44
nd

45
nd

nd = not determined

The inhibition constant (K_i) is the dissociation constant of an enzyme-inhibitor complex or a protein/small molecule complex, wherein the small molecule is inhibiting binding of one protein to another protein. So a large K_ivalue indicates a low binding affinity and a small K_ivalue indicates a high binding affinity.

The data in TABLE 2 shows inhibition constants for the inhibition of a Bak BH3 peptide probe to Bcl-2 protein and indicate that compounds according to the invention have high binding affinities for anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. The compounds are therefore expected to have utility in treatment of diseases during which anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein is expressed.

It is expected that, because compounds having Formula I bind to Bcl-2, they would also have utility as binders to anti-apoptotic proteins having close structural homology to Bcl-2, such as, for example, anti-apoptotic Bcl-X_L, Bcl-w, Mcl-1 and Bfl-1/A1 proteins.

Involvement of Bcl-2 proteins in bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bone marrow cancer, cervical cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lymphoblastic leukemia, follicular lymphoma, lymphoid malignancies of T-cell or B-cell origin, melanoma, myelogenous leukemia, myeloma, oral cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myeloma, prostate cancer spleen cancer, and the like is described in commonly-owned PCT US 2004/36770, published as WO 2005/049593, and PCT US 2004/37911, published as WO 2005/024636.

Involvement of Bcl-2 proteins in arthritis is disclosed in commonly-owned U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/988,479.

Involvement of Bcl-2 proteins in bone marrow transplant rejection is disclosed in commonly-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/941,196.

Overexpression of Bcl-2 proteins correlates with resistance to chemotherapy, clinical outcome, disease progression, overall prognosis or a combination thereof in various cancers and disorders of the immune system. Cancers include, but are not limited to, hematologic and solid tumor types such as acoustic neuroma, acute leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia (monocytic, myeloblastic, adenocarcinoma, angiosarcoma, astrocytoma, myelomonocytic and promyelocytic), acute t-cell leukemia, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct carcinoma, bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer (including estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer), bronchogenic carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, cervical cancer, chondrosarcoma, chordoma, choriocarcinoma, chronic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelocytic (granulocytic) leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, cystadenocarcinoma, dysproliferative changes (dysplasias and metaplasias), embryonal carcinoma, endometrial cancer, endotheliosarcoma, ependymoma, epithelial carcinoma, erythroleukemia, esophageal cancer, estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer, essential thrombocythemia, Ewing's tumor, fibrosarcoma, gastric carcinoma, germ cell testicular cancer, gestational trophobalstic disease, glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, heavy chain disease, hemangioblastoma, hepatoma, hepatocellular cancer, hormone insensitive prostate cancer, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, lung cancer (including small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer), lymphangioendothelio-sarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoma (lymphoma, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), malignancies and hyperproliferative disorders of the bladder, breast, colon, lung, ovaries, pancreas, prostate, skin and uterus, lymphoid malignancies of T-cell or B-cell origin, leukemia, medullary carcinoma, medulloblastoma, melanoma, meningioma, mesothelioma, multiple myeloma, myelogenous leukemia, myeloma, myxosarcoma, neuroblastoma, oligodendroglioma, oral cancer, osteogenic sarcoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, papillary adenocarcinomas, papillary carcinoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, pinealoma, polycythemia vera, prostate cancer (including hormone-insensitive (refractory) prostate cancer), rectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, sarcoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, seminoma, skin cancer, small cell lung carcinoma, solid tumors (carcinomas and sarcomas), stomach cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, synovioma, sweat gland carcinoma, testicular cancer (including germ cell testicular cancer), thyroid cancer, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, testicular tumors, uterine cancer, Wilms' tumor and the like.

It is also expected that compounds having Formula (I) would inhibit growth of cells expressing Bcl-2 proteins derived from a pediatric cancer or neoplasm including embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia, pediatric alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric anaplastic ependymoma, pediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma, pediatric anaplastic medulloblastoma, pediatric atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system, pediatric biphenotypic acute leukemia, pediatric Burkitts lymphoma, pediatric cancers of Ewing's family of tumors such as primitive neuroectodermal rumors, pediatric diffuse anaplastic Wilm's tumor, pediatric favorable histology Wilm's tumor, pediatric glioblastoma, pediatric medulloblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma-derived myelocytomatosis, pediatric pre-B-cell cancers (such as leukemia), pediatric psteosarcoma, pediatric rhabdoid kidney tumor, pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma, and pediatric T-cell cancers such as lymphoma and skin cancer and the like.

Autoimmune disorders include acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS), autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, hemolytic anemia, inflammatory diseases, and thrombocytopenia, acute or chronic immune disease associated with organ transplantation, Addison's disease, allergic diseases, alopecia, alopecia areata, atheromatous disease/arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, arthritis (including osteoarthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, septic arthritis, Lyme arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and reactive arthritis), autoimmune bullous disease, abetalipoprotemia, acquired immunodeficiency-related diseases, acute immune disease associated with organ transplantation, acquired acrocyanosis, acute and chronic parasitic or infectious processes, acute pancreatitis, acute renal failure, acute rheumatic fever, acute transverse myelitis, adenocarcinomas, aerial ectopic beats, adult (acute) respiratory distress syndrome, AIDS dementia complex, alcoholic cirrhosis, alcohol-induced liver injury, alcohol-induced hepatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, allergy and asthma, allograft rejection, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, anemia, angina pectoris, ankylosing spondylitis associated lung disease, anterior horn cell degeneration, antibody mediated cytotoxicity, antiphospholipid syndrome, anti-receptor hypersensitivity reactions, aortic and peripheral aneurysms, aortic dissection, arterial hypertension, arteriosclerosis, arteriovenous fistula, arthropathy, asthenia, asthma, ataxia, atopic allergy, atrial fibrillation (sustained or paroxysmal), atrial flutter, atrioventricular block, atrophic autoimmune hypothyroidism, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, autoimmune hepatitis, type-1 autoimmune hepatitis (classical autoimmune or lupoid hepatitis), autoimmune mediated hypoglycaemia, autoimmune neutropaenia, autoimmune thrombocytopaenia, autoimmune thyroid disease, B cell lymphoma, bone graft rejection, bone marrow transplant (BMT) rejection, bronchiolitis obliterans, bundle branch block, burns, cachexia, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac stun syndrome, cardiac tumors, cardiomyopathy, cardiopulmonary bypass inflammation response, cartilage transplant rejection, cerebellar cortical degenerations, cerebellar disorders, chaotic or multifocal atrial tachycardia, chemotherapy associated disorders, chlamydia, choleosatatis, chronic alcoholism, chronic active hepatitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic immune disease associated with organ transplantation, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, chronic inflammatory pathologies, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic salicylate intoxication, colorectal common varied immunodeficiency (common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia), conjunctivitis, connective tissue disease associated interstitial lung disease, contact dermatitis, Coombs positive haemolytic anaemia, cor pulmonale, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, cryptogenic autoimmune hepatitis, cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, culture negative sepsis, cystic fibrosis, cytokine therapy associated disorders, Crohn's disease, dementia pugilistica, demyelinating diseases, dengue hemorrhagic fever, dermatitis, dermatitis scleroderma, dermatologic conditions, dermatomyositis/polymyositis associated lung disease, diabetes, diabetic arteriosclerotic disease, diabetes mellitus, Diffuse Lewy body disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, dilated congestive cardiomyopathy, discoid lupus erythematosus, disorders of the basal ganglia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, Down's Syndrome in middle age, drug-induced interstitial lung disease, drug-induced hepatitis, drug-induced movement disorders induced by drugs which block CNS dopamine, receptors, drug sensitivity, eczema, encephalomyelitis, endocarditis, endocrinopathy, enteropathic synovitis, epiglottitis, Epstein-Barr virus infection, erythromelalgia, extrapyramidal and cerebellar disorders, familial hematophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, fetal thymus implant rejection, Friedreich's ataxia, functional peripheral arterial disorders, female infertility, fibrosis, fibrotic lung disease, fungal sepsis, gas gangrene, gastric ulcer, giant cell arteritis, glomerular nephritis, glomerulonephritides, Goodpasture's syndrome, goitrous autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's disease), gouty arthritis, graft rejection of any organ or tissue, graft versus host disease, gram negative sepsis, gram positive sepsis, granulomas due to intracellular organisms, group B streptococci (GBS) infection, Grave's disease, haemosiderosis associated lung disease, hairy cell leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, Hallerrorden-Spatz disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hay fever, heart transplant rejection, hemachromatosis, hematopoietic malignancies (leukemia and lymphoma), hemolytic anemia, hemolytic uremic syndrome/thrombolytic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemorrhage, Henoch-Schoenlein purpurea, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV infection/HIV neuropathy, Hodgkin's disease, hypoparathyroidism, Huntington's chorea, hyperkinetic movement disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, hyperthyroidism, hypokinetic movement disorders, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis evaluation, idiopathic Addison's disease, idiopathic leucopaenia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic thrombocytopaenia, idiosyncratic liver disease, infantile spinal muscular atrophy, infectious diseases, inflammation of the aorta, inflammatory bowel disease, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, interstitial pneumonitis, iridocyclitis/uveitis/optic neuritis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, ischemic stroke, juvenile pernicious anaemia, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile spinal muscular atrophy, Kaposi's sarcoma, Kawasaki's disease, kidney transplant rejection, legionella, leishmaniasis, leprosy, lesions of the corticospinal system, linear IgA disease, lipidema, liver transplant rejection, Lyme disease, lymphederma, lymphocytic infiltrative lung disease, malaria, male infertility idiopathic or NOS, malignant histiocytosis, malignant melanoma, meningitis, meningococcemia, microscopic vasculitis of the kidneys, migraine headache, mitochondrial multisystem disorder, mixed connective tissue disease, mixed connective tissue disease associated lung disease, monoclonal gammopathy, multiple myeloma, multiple systems degenerations (Mencel Dejerine-Thomas Shi-Drager and Machado-Joseph), myalgic encephalitis/Royal Free Disease, myasthenia gravis, microscopic vasculitis of the kidneys, mycobacterium avium intracellulare, mycobacterium tuberculosis, myelodyplastic syndrome, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemic disorders, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neonatal chronic lung disease, nephritis, nephrosis, nephrotic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, neurogenic I muscular atrophies, neutropenic fever, Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis, occlusion of the abdominal aorta and its branches, occlusive arterial disorders, organ transplant rejection, orchitis/epidydimitis, orchitis/vasectomy reversal procedures, organomegaly, osteoarthrosis, osteoporosis, ovarian failure, pancreas transplant rejection, parasitic diseases, parathyroid transplant rejection, Parkinson's disease, pelvic inflammatory disease, pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigoid, perennial rhinitis, pericardial disease, peripheral atherlosclerotic disease, peripheral vascular disorders, peritonitis, pernicious anemia, phacogenic uveitis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, pneumonia, POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes syndrome), post perfusion syndrome, post pump syndrome, post-MI cardiotomy syndrome, postinfectious interstitial lung disease, premature ovarian failure, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing hepatitis, primary myxoedema, primary pulmonary hypertension, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary vasculitis, Progressive supranucleo Palsy, psoriasis, psoriasis type 1, psoriasis type 2, psoriatic arthropathy, pulmonary hypertension secondary to connective tissue disease, pulmonary manifestation of polyarteritis nodosa, post-inflammatory interstitial lung disease, radiation fibrosis, radiation therapy, Raynaud's phenomenon and disease, Raynoud's disease, Refsum's disease, regular narrow QRS tachycardia, Reiter's disease, renal disease NOS, renovascular hypertension, reperfusion injury, restrictive cardiomyopathy, rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease, rheumatoid spondylitis, sarcoidosis, Schmidt's syndrome, scleroderma, senile chorea, Senile Dementia of Lewy body type, sepsis syndrome, septic shock, seronegative arthropathies, shock, sickle cell anemia, Sjögren's disease associated lung disease, Sjörgren's syndrome, skin allograft rejection, skin changes syndrome, small bowel transplant rejection, sperm autoimmunity, multiple sclerosis (all subtypes), spinal ataxia, spinocerebellar degenerations, spondyloarthropathy, spondyloarthopathy, sporadic, polyglandular deficiency type I sporadic, polyglandular deficiency type II, Still's disease, streptococcal myositis, stroke, structural lesions of the cerebellum, Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, sympathetic ophthalmia, Syncope, syphilis of the cardiovascular system, systemic anaphylaxis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus-associated lung disease, systemic sclerosis, systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease, T-cell or FAB ALL, Takayasu's disease/arteritis, Telangiectasia, Th2 Type and Th1 Type mediated diseases, thromboangitis obliterans, thrombocytopenia, thyroiditis, toxicity, toxic shock syndrome, transplants, trauma/hemorrhage, type-2 autoimmune hepatitis (anti-LKM antibody hepatitis), type B insulin resistance with acanthosis nigricans, type III hypersensitivity reactions, type IV hypersensitivity, ulcerative colitic arthropathy, ulcerative colitis, unstable angina, uremia, urosepsis, urticaria, uveitis, valvular heart diseases, varicose veins, vasculitis, vasculitic diffuse lung disease, venous diseases, venous thrombosis, ventricular fibrillation, vitiligo acute liver disease, viral and fungal infections, vital encephalitis/aseptic meningitis, vital-associated hemaphagocytic syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, Wilson's disease, xenograft rejection of any organ or tissue, yersinia and salmonella-associated arthropathy and the like.

Schemes and Experimentals

The following abbreviations have the meanings indicated. ADDP means 1,1′-(azodicarbonyl)dipiperidine; AD-mix-β means a mixture of (DHQD)₂PHAL, K₃Fe(CN)₆, K₂CO₃, and K₂SO₄; 9-BBN means 9-borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane; Boc means tert-butoxycarbonyl; (DHQD)₂PHAL means hydroquinidine 1,4-phthalazinediyl diethyl ether; DBU means 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene; DIBAL means diisobutylaluminum hydride; DIEA means diisopropylethylamine; DMAP means N,N-dimethylaminopyridine; DMF means N,N-dimethylformamide; dmpe means 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane; DMSO means dimethylsulfoxide; dppb means 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)-butane; dppe means 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; dppf means 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; dppm means 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane; EDAC.HCl means 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride; Fmoc means fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl; HATU means O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N′N′N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate; HMPA means hexamethylphosphoramide; IPA means isopropyl alcohol; MP-BH₃means macroporous triethylammonium methylpolystyrene cyanoborohydride; TEA means triethylamine; TFA means trifluoroacetic acid; THF means tetrahydrofuran; NCS means N-chlorosuccinimide; NMM means N-methylmorpholine; NMP means N-methylpyrrolidine; PPh₃means triphenylphosphine.

The following schemes are presented to provide what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of procedures and conceptual aspects of this invention. Compounds of this invention may be made by synthetic chemical processes, examples of which are shown herein. It is meant to be understood that the order of the steps in the processes may be varied, that reagents, solvents and reaction conditions may be substituted for those specifically mentioned, and that vulnerable moieties may be protected and deprotected, as necessary.

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Compounds of Formula (4) can be prepared as shown in SCHEME 1, and can be used as described in SCHEME 8 to prepare compounds of Formula I, which are representative of the compounds of the present invention. Compounds of Formula (1) wherein R is alkyl, can be converted to compounds of Formula (2) using Z³L¹MgX¹, wherein X¹is a halide, in a solvent such as but not limited to ether or tetrahydrofuran. Compounds of Formula (3) can be prepared from compounds of Formula (2) using a strong base such as NaH and R⁵⁷X², wherein X²is a halide and R⁵⁷is as described herein. Compounds of Formula (3), when treated with aqueous NaOH or LiOH, will provide compounds of Formula (4).

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As shown in SCHEME 2, compounds of Formula (5) can be reacted with compounds of Formula (6) and a reducing agent to provide compounds of Formula (7). Examples of reducing agents include sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, polymer supported cyanoborohydride, and the like. The reaction is typically performed in a solvent such as but not limited to methanol, tetrahydrofuran, and dichloromethane or mixtures thereof. Compounds of Formula (8) can be prepared from compounds of Formula (7) as described in SCHEME 1, and can be used as described in SCHEME 8 to prepare compounds of Formula I.

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Compounds of Formula (9), when reacted with a compound a Formula (10) wherein X is a halide or triflate, and a base will provide a compound of Formula (11). Bases useful in the reaction include triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and the like. Compounds of Formula (13), wherein Y is as described herein for substituents on Z³, can be prepared from compounds of Formula (11) and compounds of Formula (12) using Suzuki coupling conditions known to those skilled in the art and readily available in the literature. Compounds of Formula (14) can be prepared from compounds of Formula (13) as described in SCHEME 1, and can be used as described in SCHEME 8 to prepare compounds of Formula I.

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As shown in SCHEME 4, compounds of Formula (17) can be prepared from compounds of Formula (15) and compounds of Formula (16), wherein R is alkyl and R³⁸is as described herein, using Suzuki coupling conditions known to those skilled in the art and readily available in the literature. Compounds of Formula (17) can be reduced to compounds of Formula (18) using a reducing agent such as LiAlH₄in a solvent such as but not limited to diethyl ether or THF. Compounds of Formula (19) can be prepared from compounds of Formula (18) using Dess-Martin periodinane or Swern oxidation conditions known to those skilled in the art and readily available in the literature. Compounds of Formula (19) can be reacted with a compound of Formula (5) and a reducing agent to provide compounds of Formula (20). Examples of reducing agents include sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, polymer supported cyanoborohydride, and the like. The reaction is typically performed in a solvent such as but not limited to methanol, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dichloroethane, and dichloromethane or mixtures thereof. Compounds of Formula (21) can be prepared from compounds of Formula (20) as described in SCHEME 1, and can be used as described in SCHEME 8 to prepare compounds of Formula I.

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As shown in SCHEME 5, compounds of Formula (22), wherein R is alkyl, may be converted to compounds of Formula (23) by reacting the former, wherein X¹is Cl, Br, I, or CF₃SO₃—, and compounds of Formula R⁴¹—OH and a catalyst, with or without a first base. Examples of catalysts include copper(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate toluene complex, PdCl₂, Pd(OAc)₂, and Pd₂(dba)₃. Examples of first bases include triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, Cs₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃, K₃PO₄, and mixtures thereof.

Compounds of Formula (22) may also be converted to compounds of Formula (23) by reacting the former, when X¹is Cl, F, or NO₂, and compounds of Formula R⁴¹—OH with a first base. Examples of first bases include triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, Cs₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃, K₃PO₄, and mixtures thereof.

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Compounds of Formula (18) can be reacted with mesyl chloride and a base such as but not limited to triethylamine, followed by N-t-butoxycarbonylpiperazine, to provide compounds of Formula (24). Compounds of Formula (25) can be prepared by reacting compounds of Formula (24) with triethylsilane and trifluoroacetic acid. Compounds of Formula (25) can be reacted with compounds of Formula (26) and HK₂PO₄to provide compounds of Formula (27) in a solvent such as but not limited to dimethylsulfoxide. Compounds of Formula (28) can be prepared from compounds of Formula (27) as described in SCHEME 1, and can be used as described in SCHEME 8 to prepare compounds of Formula I.

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As shown in SCHEME 7, compounds of Formula (1) can be reacted with an appropriate triphenylphosphonium bromide of Formula (29) and a base such as but not limited to sodium hydride or n-butyllithium to provide compounds of Formula (30). The reaction is typically performed in a solvent such as THF or DMSO. Compounds of Formula (31) can be prepared from compounds of Formula (30) as described in SCHEME 1, and can be used as described in SCHEME 8 to prepare compounds of Formula I.

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As shown in SCHEME 8, compounds of Formula (32), which can be prepared as described herein, may be converted to compounds of Formula (33) by reacting the former with ammonia. Compounds of Formula (33) may be converted to compounds of Formula (I) by reacting the former and compounds of Formula (4), (8), (14), (21), (28), (31), or (37) and a coupling agent, with or without a first base. Examples of coupling agents include 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-carbodiimide hydrochloride, 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole, and benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate. Examples of first bases include triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine, and mixtures thereof.

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Compounds of Formula (33), prepared as described in SCHEME 1, may also be converted to compounds of Formula (I) by reacting the former and compounds of Formula (34) and a first base. Examples of first bases include but are not limited to sodium hydride, triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine, and mixtures thereof.

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As shown in SCHEME 10, compounds of Formula (35), wherein L is a bond, alkyl, O, S, S(O), S(O)₂, NH, etc., can be reacted with compounds of Formula (36), to provide compounds of Formula (37). The reaction is typically performed at elevated temperatures in a solvent such as but not limited to dimethylsulfoxide, and may require the use of a base such as but not limited to potassium phosphate, potassium carbonate, and the like. Compounds of Formula (38) can be prepared from compounds of Formula (37) as described in SCHEME 1, and can be used as described in SCHEME 8 to prepare compounds of Formula I.

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Compounds of Formula (39), wherein Y is as described herein for substituents on Z³, can be prepared from compounds of Formula (39A) wherein X is a halide or triflate, and Y—B(OH)₂using Suzuki coupling conditions known to those skilled in the art and readily available in the literature. Compounds of Formula (39) can be reacted with tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate and a reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride to provide compounds of Formula (40). The reaction is typically performed in a solvent such as but not limited to methylene chloride. Compounds of Formula (41) can be prepared from compounds of Formula (40) by reacting the latter with R⁵⁷X, wherein X is a halide, and NaH in a solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide, and then the resulting material can be treated with triethylsilane and trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane. Compounds of Formula (41) can be used as described in Scheme 10 wherein L¹-Z³is as shown in Formula (41).

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As shown in SCHEME 12, substituted piperazin-2-ones wherein R⁵⁷is alkyl, can be reacted with compounds of Formula (6) and a reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride in dichloromethane to provide compounds of Formula (42). Compounds of Formula (42) can be reduced to compounds of Formula (43) using a reducing agent such as but not limited to lithium aluminum hydride in a solvent such as but not limited to tetrahydrofuran. Compounds of Formula (43) can be used as described in Scheme 10 wherein L¹-Z³is as shown in Formula (43).

The following examples are presented to provide what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of procedures and conceptual aspects of this invention. The exemplified compounds were named using ACD/ChemSketch Version 5.06 (5 Jun. 2001, Advanced Chemistry Development Inc., Toronto, Ontario), or ChemDraw® Ver. 9.0.5 (CambridgeSoft, Cambridge, Mass.). Intermediates were named using ChemDraw® Ver. 9.0.5 (CambridgeSoft, Cambridge, Mass.).

Example 1
4-[4-(3,3-diphenylprop-2-enyl)piperazin-1-yl]-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide
Example 1A
tert-butyl 4-(4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate

A suspension of ethyl-4-fluorobenzoate (16.8 g, 0.1 mol), tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate (18.6 g, 0.1 mol) and potassium carbonate (20.7 g, 0.15 mol) in dimethylsulfoxide (100 mL) was stirred under N₂at 120° C. for 10 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into water (1 L). The solid product was filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuum oven overnight at 40° C.

Example 1B
ethyl 4-(piperazin-1-yl)benzoate

EXAMPLE 1A (13.3 g, 39.8 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL) and HCl (40 mL, 4M solution in dioxane) was added. The mixture was stirred until all starting material was deprotected, as monitored by TLC. The mixture was partially concentrated and diluted with ether. The solid HCl salt was filtered off and washed with ether. The dry solid was dissolved in water and neutralized with saturated potassium carbonate to pH-10-11. The solid product was filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuum oven.

Example 1C
ethyl 4-(4-(3,3-diphenylallyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoate

To a solution of EXAMPLE 1B (6.27 g, 26.8 mmol) and 3,3-diphenylacrylaldehyde (7.26 g, 34.8 mmol) in dichloromethane/methanol (30 mL/30 mL) was added acetic acid (0.6 mL) followed by addition of sodium triacetoxyborohydride (8.52 g, 40.2 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The organic solvents were concentrated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between dichloromethane and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The organic layer was washed with water and with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The remaining residue was crystallized from acetonitrile.

Example 1D
4-(4-(3,3-diphenylallyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoic acid

To a solution of EXAMPLE 1C (10.00 g, 23.4 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran/methanol (100/50 mL) was added solution of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (2.59 g, 70 mmol) in water (30 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 16 hours, then was cooled to room temperature and the organic solvents were concentrated. The white solid residue was dissolved in hot water and then the product was neutralized with HCl (3 equivalents). After cooling to room temperature, the precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and dried in a vacuum oven overnight at 40° C.

Example 1E
4-[4-(3,3-diphenylprop-2-enyl)piperazin-1-yl]-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide

A suspension of EXAMPLE 1D (39.8 mg, 0.05 mmol), 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide (20.2 mg, 0.05 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (24.4 mg, 0.1 mmol) and 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-carbodiimide hydrochloride (38.4 mg, 0.1 mmol) in dichloromethane (3 ml) was stirred for 16 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by RP HPLC (Zorbax SB-C8, gradient 30% to 100% CH₃CN/water/0.1% TFA). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 10.49 (br s, 1H), 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.43-8.52 (m, 1H), 8.36 (d, 1H), 7.90 (t, 1H), 7.79 (d, 2H), 7.47 (t, 2H), 7.43 (t, 1H), 7.32-7.40 (m, 3H), 7.27 (d, 2H), 7.18 (d, 2H), 6.99 (d, 2H), 6.26 (t, 1H), 3.84 (d, 2H), 3.38-3.54 (br s, 4H), 3.32 (br s, 4H).

Example 2
N-[(2-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)benzamide
Example 2A
ethyl 4-(4-((2-bromocyclohex-1-enyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoate

A 100 mL round bottom flask was charged with 2-bromocyclohex-1-enecarbaldehyde, (prepared as described by Arnold, A. et. al. Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1961, 26, 3059-3073.), (42 mmol), 4-piperazin-1-yl-benzoic acid ethyl ester (42 mmol) and ethanol (50 ml). The mixture was stirred and sodium cyanoborohydride (42 mmol) was added. Acetic acid was used to adjust pH to 5-6. The reaction mixture was stirred under N₂at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and washed with ethanol. The filtered solid was discarded and the combined organic layers were concentrated under vacuum. The mixture was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 5-10% ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide the title compound.

Example 2B
ethyl 4-(4-((2-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohex-1-enyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoate

This compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 2A for EXAMPLE 5A in EXAMPLE 5B.

Example 2C
4-(4-((2-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohex-1-enyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoic acid

This compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 2B for EXAMPLE 5B in EXAMPLE 5C.

Example 2D
N-[(2-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)benzamide

This compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 2C and 2-bromobenzenesulfonamide for EXAMPLE 1D and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide respectively, in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 12.54 (br s, 1H) 9.29 (br s, 1H) 8.18 (dd, 1H) 7.84 (m, 3H) 7.66 (m, 1H) 7.59 (m, 1H) 7.42 (m, 2H) 7.16 (m, 2H), 6.96 (m, 2H) 3.95 (m, 2H) 3.62 (m, 2H) 3.17 (m, 2H) 2.83 (m, 2H) 2.24 (m, 4H) 1.72 (m, 4H).

Example 3
N-[(3-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)benzamide

This compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 2C and 3-bromobenzenesulfonamide for EXAMPLE 1D and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide respectively, in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 12.29 (br s, 1H) 9.26 (s, 1H) 8.08 (m, 1H) 7.94 (m, 2H) 7.78 (d, 2H) 7.60 (t, 1H) 7.42 (d, 2H) 7.15 (d, 2H) 6.96 (d, 2H) 3.91 (m, 2H) 3.61 (m, 2H) 3.16 (m, 2H) 2.80 (m, 2H) 2.24 (m, 4H) 1.71 (m, 4H).

Example 4
N-[(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)benzamide

This compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 2C and 4-bromobenzenesulfonamide for EXAMPLE 1D and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide respectively, in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 12.24 (br s, 1H) 9.33 (br s, 1H) 7.87 (m, 4H) 7.77 (m, 2H) 7.40 (m, 2H) 7.15 (m, 2H) 6.95 (m, 2H) 3.91 (m, 2H) 3.61 (m, 2H) 3.16 (m, 2H) 2.82 (m, 2H) 2.24 (m, 4H) 1.72 (m, 4H).

Example 5
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide
Example 5A
ethyl 4-(4-(2-bromobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoate

A solution of EXAMPLE 1B (23.43 g, 100.0 mmol), 2-bromobenzyl bromide (26.24 g, 105.0 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (20.94 mL, 120 0 mmol) in acetonitrile (200 mL) was stirred at room temperature for two hours. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration to give the title compound, which was used without further purification.

Example 5B
ethyl 4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoate

A suspension of EXAMPLE 5A (13.83 g, 34.3 mmol), 4-chlorophenylboronic acid (7.04 g, 45.0 mmol), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (0.481 g, 0.686 mmol, 2 mol %) and aqueous 2M Na₂CO₃(22.5 mL, 45.0 mmol) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane/H₂O/ethanol (7:3:2, 200 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 4.5 hours and diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL). The layers were separated and the organic phase was dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient from 5%-40% ethyl acetate/hexanes to give the title compound.

Example 5C
4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoic acid

A suspension of EXAMPLE 5B (13.0 g, 29.9 mmol) and LiOH monohydrate (3.78 g, 90.0 mmol) in dioxane (250 mL) and water (100 mL) was heated at 95° C. for 16 hours, concentrated to dryness, treated with water (600 mL), heated to 80° C., and filtered. The filtrate was treated with 1M HCl (90 mL) and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and dried to give the title compound.

Example 5D
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5C for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 8.66 (t, 1H), 8.52 (m, 1H), 8.37 (d, 1H), 7.93 (t, 1H), 7.74 (d, 3H), 7.52 (m, 4H), 7.39 (m, 2H), 7.32 (m, 1H), 6.92 (d, 2H), 4.37 (br s, 2H), 3.90 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, 4H), 2.87 (m, 2H).

Example 6
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5C and benzenesulfonamide for EXAMPLE 1D and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide respectively, in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 12.16 (br s, 1H), 7.98 (m, 1H), 7.95 (m, 1H), 7.75 (m, 3H), 7.70 (m, 1H), 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.71 (d, 2H), 7.54 (m, 4H), 7.38 (d, 2H), 7.34 (d, 1H), 6.93 (d, 2H), 4.37 (br s, 2H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.26 (m, 2H), 3.09 (m, 2H), 2.86 (m, 2H).

Example 7
2-(benzyloxy)-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide
Example 7A
tert-butyl 4((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate

4′-Chlorobiphenyl-2-carboxaldehyde (4.1 g), tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate (4.23 g), and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (5.61 g) in CH₂Cl₂(60 mL) was stirred for 24 hours. The reaction was quenched with methanol and poured into ether. The solution was washed with water and brine, concentrated, and chromatographed on silica gel with 2-25% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

Example 7B
1-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazine

EXAMPLE 7A (3.0 g) and triethylsilane (1 mL) were stirred in CH₂Cl₂(30 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (30 mL) for 2 hours, and the reaction was concentrated, and then taken up in ether and concentrated again. The product was used without further purification.

Example 7C
methyl 2-(benzyloxy)-4-fluorobenzoate

Methyl 4-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzoate (2.00 g), benzyl bromide (1.54 mL), and cesium carbonate (4.60 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (50 mL) were stirred in for 24 hours. The reaction was taken up in ether and washed 3× with 1M NaOH solution and with brine, then concentrated to give the title compound.

Example 7D
methyl 2-(benzyloxy)-4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoate

EXAMPLE 7C (570 mg), EXAMPLE 7B (754 mg), and K₂CO₃(605 mg) were stirred in dimethylsulfoxide at 125° C. for 5 hours. The reaction was cooled and chromatographed on silica gel with 10% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

Example 7E
2-(benzyloxy)-4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 7D for EXAMPLE 5B in EXAMPLE 5C.

Example 7F
2-(benzyloxy)-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 7E for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. The crude material was chromatographed on silica gel with 20-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 11.95 (br s, 1H), 8.66 (d, 1H), 8.59 (d, 1H), 8.47 (m, 2H), 8.25 (m, 2H), 7.89 (m, 2H), 7.71 (d, 2H), 7.37-7.54 (m, 7H), 7.26 (m, 1H), 6.60 (d, 1H), 6.54 (d, 1H), 5.21 (s, 2H), 3.42 (s, 2H), 3.26 (m, 4H), 2.38 (m, 4H).

Example 8
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-phenylethoxy)benzamide
Example 8A
methyl 4-fluoro-2-phenethoxybenzoate

Methyl 4-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzoate (1.00 g) and phenethyl alcohol (0.64 mL) were added to triphenylphosphine (1.54 g) and diisopropylazodicarboxylate (1.04 mL) in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The reaction was chromatographed on silica gel with 5% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

Example 8B
methyl 4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-phenethoxybenzoate

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 8A for EXAMPLE 7C in EXAMPLE 7D.

Example 8C
4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-phenethoxybenzoic acid

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 8B for EXAMPLE 5B in EXAMPLE 5C.

Example 8D
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-phenylethoxy)benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 8C for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. The reaction was chromatographed on silica gel with 20-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 11.05 (br s, 1H), 8.71 (d, 1H), 8.53 (d, 1H), 8.37 (d, 1H), 7.93 (dd, 2H), 7.30-7.50 (m, 11H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 6.49 (m, 2H), 4.33 (t, 2H), 3.42 (s, 2H), 3.26 (m, 4H), 3.14 (t, 2H), 2.37 (m, 4H).

Example 9
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide
Example 9A
methyl 4-fluoro-2-phenoxybenzoate

Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (1 g), phenol (0.565 g), cesium carbonate (1.96 g), copper(I) triflate toluene complex (0.087 g), and ethyl acetate (0.034 mL) in toluene (12 mL) was stirred at 110° C. for 24 hours. The reaction was cooled and chromatographed on silica gel with 5% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

Example 9B
methyl 4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-phenoxybenzoate

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 9A for EXAMPLE 7C in EXAMPLE 7D.

Example 9C
4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-phenoxybenzoic acid

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 9B for EXAMPLE 5B in EXAMPLE 5C.

Example 9D
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 9C for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. The reaction was chromatographed on silica gel with 20-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 11.50 (br s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 8.42 (d, 1H), 8.16 (d, 1H), 7.78 (t, 1H), 7.33-7.57 (m, 8H), 7.22 (m, 3H), 6.96 (dd, 1H), 6.77 (m, 3H), 6.39 (d, 1H), 3.49 (s, 2H), 3.18 (m, 4H), 2.43 (m, 4H).

Example 10
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-phenoxy-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 9C for EXAMPLE 1D and benzenesulfonamide for 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide in EXAMPLE 1E. The reaction was chromatographed on silica gel with 20-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 11.55 (br s, 1H), 7.82 (m, 3H), 7.42-7.64 (m, 7H), 7.34 (m, 5H), 7.25 (d, 1H), 7.10 (dd, 1H), 6.90 (d, 2H), 6.75 (d, 1H), 6.35 (d, 1H), 3.37 (s, 2H), 3.14 (m, 4H), 2.34 (m, 4H).

Example 11
N-[(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5C for EXAMPLE 1D and 4-bromobenzenesulfonamide for 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide in EXAMPLE 1E, except here the purification was done by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with a gradient of 30% ethyl acetate/hexanes to 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 7.89-7.78 (m, 4H), 7.73 (d, 2H), 7.55-7.43 (m, 5H), 7.39 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.24 (m, 1H), 6.90 (d, 2H), 3.48 (bs, 2H), 3.26 (bs, 4H), 2.45 (bs, 4H).

Example 12
4-[4-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-3-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl]-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide
Example 12A
3-isopropylpiperazin-2-one

Ethyl 2-bromo-3-methylbutanoate (2.2 g, 10.52 mmol) in ethanol (15 mL) was added dropwise over a period of 2.5 hours to a stirred refluxing solution of ethane-1,2-diamine (13.2 mL, 197 mmol) in ethanol (60 mL). The mixture was heated for another 2.5 hours, and sodium ethoxide in ethanol (21% by wt) (4.0 mL, 10.80 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated for another 90 minutes. The reaction was then cooled and concentrated. After trituration with ether, the title compound was used in the next step without further purification.

Example 12B
4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)-3-isopropylpiperazin-2-one

EXAMPLE 12A (590 mg, 4.15 mmol) and 4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-carboxaldehyde (970 g, 4.48 mmol) were dissolved in CH₂Cl₂₂(16 ml), and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1050 mg, 4.95 mmol) was added. The reaction stirred at room temperature for two days under a drying tube. The reaction was partitioned between aqueous saturated NaHCO₃and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and purified by flash chromatography using 7/3 hexanes/ethyl acetate.

Example 12C
1-(biphenyl-2-ylmethyl)-2-isopropylpiperazine

A 1.0M solution of lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran (4.8 mL, 4.8 mmol) was cooled to 0°, then a solution of EXAMPLE 12B (0.45 g, 1.31 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (9 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The next day more lithium aluminum hydride solution was added (4.8 mL, 4.8 mmol) and the reaction stirred at room temperature for another two days. The reaction was then cooled to 0° and water (0.75 mL) was carefully added, followed by 4N NaOH (0.75 mL), and additional water (2.2 mL). Na₂SO₄and ether (25 mL) were added, and after stirring for 45 minutes ; the mixture was filtered through Celite® (diatomaceous earth). Concentration of the filtrate gave the title compound.

Example 12D
methyl 4-(4-(biphenyl-2-ylmethyl)-3-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-phenoxybenzoate

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 12C for tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate and EXAMPLE 9A for ethyl-4-fluorobenzoate in EXAMPLE 1A.

Example 12E
4-(4-(biphenyl-2-ylmethyl)-3-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-phenoxybenzoic acid

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 12D for EXAMPLE 5B in EXAMPLE 5C.

Example 12F
4-[4-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-3-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl]-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 12E for EXAMPLE 1D and benzenesulfonamide for 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide in EXAMPLE 1E, except here the purification was done by preparative HPLC using a C18 column, 250×50 mm, 10μ, and eluting with a gradient of 20-100% CH₃CN vs. 0.1% TFA in water, giving the product as a trifluoroacetate salt. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 12.15 (br s, 1H), 8.90 (br s, 1H), 7.99 (d, 2H), 7.75 (m, 4H), 7.65 (m, 3H), 7.40 (m, 8H), 6.90 (m, 2H), 4.82 (v br s, 1H), 4.50 (v br s, 1H), 4.20 (v br s, 1H), 3.77, 3.20, 2.90 (all v br s, total 6H), 2.10 (v br s, 1H), 0.95 (d, 3H), 0.80 (d, 3H).

Example 13
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(phenylthio)benzamide
Example 13A
methyl 4-fluoro-2-(phenylthio)benzoate

5-Fluoro-2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenylboronic acid (1.00 g), 2-(phenylthio)isoindoline-1,3-dione (0.86 g), and (2-hydroxy-3,5-diisopropylbenzoyloxy)copper (0.29 g) were stirred in dioxane (15 mL) at 50° C. for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was chromatographed on silica gel with 5% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

Example 13B
methyl 4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(phenylthio)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 13A for EXAMPLE 7C in EXAMPLE 7D.

Example 13C
4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(phenylthio)benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 13B for EXAMPLE 5B in EXAMPLE 5C.

Example 13D
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(phenylthio)benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 13C for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. The reaction was chromatographed on silica gel with 20-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 8.63 (d, 1H), 8.42 (d, 1H), 8.32 (d, 1H), 7.84 (dd, 1H), 7.74 (d, 1H), 7.30-7.56 (m, 10H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.17 (m, 1H), 6.71 (dd, 1H), 6.11 (d, 1H), 3.68 (s, 2H), 3.31 (m, 4H), 2.97 (m, 4H).

Example 14
2-(benzylamino)-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide
Example 14A
methyl 2-(benzylamino)-4-fluorobenzoate

Methyl 2-amino-4-fluorobenzoate (0.90 g), benzaldehyde (0.54 mL), sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.58 g) and acetic acid (0.3 mL) in CH₂Cl₂(20 mL) were stirred for 3 hours. The reaction was quenched with methanol, concentrated, and chromatographed on silica gel with 5% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

Example 14B
methyl 2-(benzylamino)-4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 14A for EXAMPLE 7C in EXAMPLE 7D.

Example 14C
2-(benzylamino)-4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 14B for EXAMPLE 5B in EXAMPLE 5C.

Example 14D
2-(benzylamino)-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 14C for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. The reaction was chromatographed on silica gel with 20-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 9.75 (br s, 1H), 8.62 (d, 1H), 8.42 (d, 1H), 8.29 (d, 1H), 7.85 (dd, 1H), 7.66 (d, 1H), 7.42-7.58 (m, 7H), 7.14-7.31 (m, 6H), 6.14 (dd, 1H), 5.88 (s, 1H), 4.32 (d, 2H), 3.60 (s, 2H), 3.16 (m, 4H), 2.55 (m, 4H).

Example 15
2-benzyl-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide
Example 15A
methyl 2-benzyl-4-fluorobenzoate

5-Fluoro-2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenylboronic acid (1.00 g), benzyl bromide (0.50 mL), K₂CO₃(1.75 g), and [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) (0.17 g) were stirred in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) at 60° C. for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was chromatographed on silica gel with 2% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

Example 15B
methyl 2-benzyl-4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 15A for EXAMPLE 7C in EXAMPLE 7D.

Example 15C
2-benzyl-4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 15B for EXAMPLE 5B in EXAMPLE 5C.

Example 15D
2-benzyl-4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 15C for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. The reaction was chromatographed on silica gel with 20-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.95 (br s, 1H), 8.56 (d, 1H), 8.37 (d, 1H), 8.22 (d, 1H), 7.79 (dd, 1H), 7.36-7.56 (m, 8H), 7.25 (d, 1H), 6.98 (m, 3H), 6.92 (m, 2H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 6.69 (d, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 3.46 (br s, 4H), 3.15 (br s, 4H), 2.44 (br s, 4H).

Example 16
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5C and 4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide for EXAMPLE 1D and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide respectively, in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 8.41 (d, 2H), 8.20 (d, 2H), 7.75 (d, 2H), 7.71 (br s, 1H), 7.52 (m, 4H), 7.40 (d, 2H), 7.33 (m, 1H), 6.92 (d, 2H), 4.18 (br s, 2H), 3.42 (m, 4H), 2.89 (m, 4H).

Example 17
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5C and 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonamide for EXAMPLE 1D and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide respectively, in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 7.95 (d, 2H), 7.90 (d, 2H), 7.54 (m, 5H), 7.42 (m, 6H), 7.04 (d, 2H), 4.30 (br s, 2H), 3.19 (m, 4H), 2.89 (m, 4H).

Example 18
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-phenylethyl)benzamide
Example 18A
methyl 4-fluoro-2-phenethylbenzoate

Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (1.00 g), (E)-styrylboronic acid (0.89 g), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.50 g), and K₃PO₄(2.28 g) were stirred in dioxane (17 mL) at 90° C. for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was chromatographed on silica gel with 1-5% ethyl acetate/hexanes. The product in methanol (10 ml) was added to 20 wt % of fresh dry 5% Pd-C and stirred 4 days with H₂in a pressure bottle. The mixture was filtered through a nylon membrane and concentrated.

Example 18B
methyl 4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-phenethylbenzoate

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 18A for EXAMPLE 7C in EXAMPLE 7D.

Example 18C
4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-phenethylbenzoic acid

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 18B for EXAMPLE 5B in EXAMPLE 5C.

Example 18D
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-phenylethyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 18C for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. The reaction was chromatographed on silica gel with 20-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.20 (br s, 1H), 8.70 (d, 1H), 8.37 (d, 1H), 8.24 (d, 1H), 7.82 (dd, 1H), 7.35-7.56 (m, 8H), 7.26 (d, 1H), 7.17 (m, 3H), 6.95 (m, 2H), 6.69 (m, 2H), 3.46 (br s, 4H), 3.15 (br s, 4H), 2.85 (t, 2H), 2.62 (t, 2H), 2.44 (br s, 4H).

Example 19
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5C and 4-fluorobenzenesulfonamide for EXAMPLE 1D and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide respectively, in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 8.03 (m, 2H), 7.75 (m, 3H), 7.52 (m, 3H), 7.47 (m, 3H), 7.40 (m, 2H), 7.34 (br s, 1H), 6.92 (d, 2H), 4.38 (br s, 2H), 3.88 (m, 2H), 3.12 (m, 4H), 2.87 (m, 2H).

Example 20
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5C and 3-fluorobenzenesulfonamide for EXAMPLE 1D and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide respectively, in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 7.82 (m, 1H), 7.77-7.68 (m, 5H), 7.59 (m, 1H), 7.52 (m, 4H), 7.40 (m, 2H), 7.34 (m, 1H), 6.93 (d, 2H), 4.23 (br s, 2H), 3.53 (m, 4H), 2.94 (m, 4H).

Example 21
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(phenylsulfinyl)benzamide
Example 21A
methyl 4-fluoro-2-(phenylsulfinyl)benzoate

OXONE® (potassium peroxysulfate) (5.60 g) was added portionwise over 1 hour to EXAMPLE 13A (1.00 g) in a mixture of acetic acid (30 mL), water (30 mL) and CH₂Cl₂(20 mL), and the reaction was stirred for an additional 1 hour. The reaction mixture was taken up in ethyl acetate, washed with Na₂S₂O₃solution, water, and brine, concentrated, and chromatographed on silica gel with 5-25% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

Example 21B
methyl 4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(phenylsulfinyl)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 21A for EXAMPLE 7C in EXAMPLE 7D.

Example 21C
4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(phenylsulfinyl)benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 21B for EXAMPLE 5B in EXAMPLE 5C.

Example 21D
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(phenylsulfinyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 21C for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. The reaction was chromatographed on silica gel with 20-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 8.53 (d, 1H), 8.28 (d, 1H), 8.14 (d, 1H), 7.875 (d, 1H), 7.69 (dd, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.37-7.51 (m, 7H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 3H), 6.95 (d, 2H), 3.42 (s, 2H), 3.26 (m, 4H), 2.48 (m, 4H).

Example 22
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 9C and 4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide for EXAMPLE 1D and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide respectively, in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 12.14 (br s, 1H), 8.31 (d, 2H), 8.02 (d, 2H), 7.70 (br s, 1H), 7.51 (m, 5H), 7.38 (d, 2H), 7.32 (d, 1H), 7.26 (t, 2H), 7.02 (t, 1H), 6.78 (m, 3H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 4.31 (br s, 2H), 3.74 (m, 2H), 3.05 (m, 4H), 2.80 (m, 2H).

Example 23
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 9C and 3-fluorobenzenesulfonamide for EXAMPLE 1D and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide respectively, in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 11.89 (br s, 1H), 7.70 (br s, 1H), 7.65 (m, 1H), 7.59 (m, 3H), 7.52 (m, 5H), 7.38 (d, 2H), 7.32 (m, 3H), 7.07 (t, 1H), 6.85 (d, 2H), 6.77 (dd, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 4.35 (br s, 2H), 3.77 (m, 2H), 3.24 (m, 2H), 3.03 (m, 2H), 2.86 (m, 2H).

Example 24
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 9C and 4-fluorobenzenesulfonamide for EXAMPLE 1D and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide respectively, in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 11.80 (br s, 1H), 7.85 (m, 2H), 7.70 (br s, 1H), 7.51 (m, 5H), 7.39-7.29 (m, 7H), 7.08 (t, 1H), 6.85 (d, 2H), 6.77 (dd, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 4.34 (br s, 2H), 3.74 (m, 2H), 3.03 (m, 4H), 2.82 (m, 2H).

Example 25
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-methoxy-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide
Example 25A
methyl 4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methoxybenzoate

Methyl 4-bromo-2-methoxybenzoate (700 mg), EXAMPLE 7B (983 mg), K₃PO₄(909 mg), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (78 mg), and 2-(di-t-butylphosphino)biphenyl (102 mg) were stirred in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (10 mL) at 80° C. for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was chromatographed on silica gel with 20-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

Example 25B
4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methoxybenzoic acid

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 25A for EXAMPLE 5B in EXAMPLE 5C.

Example 25C
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-methoxy-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 25B for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. The reaction was chromatographed on silica gel with 20-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 11.15 (br s, 1H), 8.73 (d, 1H), 8.53 (d, 1H), 8.39 (d, 1H), 7.91 (dd, 2H), 7.34-7.55 (m, 7H), 7.27 (m, 1H), 6.50 (m, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.43 (s, 2H), 3.28 (m, 4H), 2.40 (m, 4H).

Example 26
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide
Example 26A
methyl 4-fluoro-2-(phenylsulfonyl)benzoate

EXAMPLE 13A (0.30 g) and KMnO₄(1.80 g) were stirred in acetic acid (40 mL) at 60° C. for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through a plug of silica gel, concentrated, and chromatographed on silica gel with 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

Example 26B
methyl 4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 26A for EXAMPLE 7C in EXAMPLE 7D.

Example 26C
4-(4-((4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 26B for EXAMPLE 5B in EXAMPLE 5C.

Example 26D
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 26C for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. The reaction was chromatographed on silica gel with 20-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 11.90 (br s, 1H), 8.66 (d, 1H), 8.30 (d, 1H), 8.24 (d, 1H), 7.73 (dd, 2H), 7.74 (d, 1H), 7.32-7.56 (m, 13H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 7.12 (d, 1H), 3.41 (s, 2H), 3.06 (m, 4H), 2.44 (m, 4H).

Example 27
4-{4-[(4′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-phenoxybenzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 9C for EXAMPLE 1D and 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide for 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide in EXAMPLE 1E, except here the purification was done by flash column chromatography on silica gel with 50% ethyl acetate (in hexanes). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 8.33 (br s, 1H), 7.96 (d, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H), 7.56 (d, 2H), 7.50-7.39 (m, 6H), 7.28-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.21 (t, 2H), 6.95 (t, 1H), 6.75 (d, 3H), 6.42 (d, 1H), 3.30 (br s, 4H), 3.20 (br s, 2H), 2.51 (br s, 4H).

Example 28
4-[4-({4′-chloro-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl}methyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide
Example 28A
4′-chloro-3-hydroxybiphenyl-2-carbaldehyde

The title compound was prepared by substituting 2-bromo-6-hydroxybenzaldehyde for EXAMPLE 5A in EXAMPLE 5B.

Example 28B
tert-butyl 4-((4′-chloro-3-hydroxybiphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 28A for 4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-carboxaldehyde in EXAMPLE 7A.

Example 28C
tert-butyl 4-((4′-chloro-3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)biphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate

EXAMPLE 28B (500 mg, 1.24 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (8 mL) and NaH (60% mineral oil suspension, 150 mg, 3.72 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes under N₂, followed by the addition of 2-chloro-N,N-dimethylethanamine hydrochloride salt (360 mg, 2.48 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction was quenched with saturated NH₄Cl aqueous solution, extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with water and brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated to afford an oil residue which was used in the next step without further purification.

Example 28D
2-(4′-chloro-2-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)biphenyl-3-yloxy)-N,N-dimethylethanamine

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 28C for EXAMPLE 7A in EXAMPLE 7B.

Example 28E
methyl 2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-4-fluorobenzoate

Methyl 2,4-difluorobenzoate (2 g, 11.6 mmol)), K₃PO₄(2.4 g, 11.3 mmol) and 4-hydroxyindazole (1.40 g, 10.5 mmol) were stirred at 115° C. in diglyme (20 mL) for 24 hours. The reaction was cooled and poured into ether. The solution was washed three times with 1M NaOH solution, followed by brine, and then dried over Na₂SO₄and filtered. The filtrate was then concentrated, and the crude product was chromatographed on silica gel with 20% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

Example 28F
methyl 2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-4-(4-((4′-chloro-3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)biphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoate

A solution of EXAMPLE 28D (100 mg, 0.269 mmol) and EXAMPLE 28E (161 mg, 0.538 mmol) in dimethylsulfoxide (15 ml) was treated with potassium phosphate dibasic (94 mg, 0.538 mmol) at 135° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, and concentrated. The residue was purified by 0%-10% 7N ammonia in methanol/dichloromethane.

Example 28G
2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-4-(4-((4′-chloro-3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)biphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoic acid

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 28F for EXAMPLE 5B in EXAMPLE 5C.

Example 28H
4-[4-({4′-chloro-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl}methyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 28G for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 11.08 (br s, 1H), 8.43 (t, 1H), 8.19 (dd, 1H), 7.98 (d, 1H), 7.63 (d, 1H), 7.50-7.43 (m, 5H), 7.35 (m, 1H), 7.19 (t, 1H), 7.10-7.01 (m, 2H), 6.86 (m, 2H), 6.62 (dd, 1H), 6.21 (m, 3H), 4.28 (m, 2H), 2.92(m, 4H), 2.76(s, 6H), 2.46 (m, 2H), 2.30 (m, 6H).

Example 29
4-[4-({4′-chloro-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl}methyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 28G and benzenesulfonamide for EXAMPLE 1D and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide respectively, in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.31 (s, 1H), 7.73 (m, 2H), 7.57 (d, 1H), 7.51 (m, 3H), 7.37-7.44 (m, 4H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.16 (d, 1H), 7.05 (d, 1H), 6.97 (m, 1H), 6.84(d, 1H), 6.67 (dd, 1H), 6.38 (d, 1H), 6.28 (m, 1H), 6.25 (d, 1H), 4.15 (m, 2H), 3.29(m, 2H), 2.96(m, 6H), 2.46 (s, 6H), 2.28 (m, 4H).

Example 30
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide
Example 30A
ethyl 2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-4-fluorobenzoate

Ethyl 2,4-difluorobenzoate (1.14 g), K₃PO₄(1.30 g) and 5-hydroxyindole (0.90 g) were stirred at 110° C. in diglyme (12 mL) for 24 hours. The reaction was cooled and poured into ether. The solution was washed three times with 1M aqueous NaOH solution, and brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄. The solution was then filtered, concentrated, and the crude product was chromatographed on silica gel with 20% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

Example 30B
methyl 4,4-dimethyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)cyclohex-1-enecarboxylate

To a suspension of hexane washed NaH (17 g) in dichloromethane (700 mL), 5,5-dimethyl-2-methoxycarbonylcyclohexanone (38.5 g) was added dropwise at 0° C. After stirring for 30 minutes, the mixture was cooled to −78° C. and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (40 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 24 hours. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give the product.

Example 30C
methyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-enecarboxylate

EXAMPLE 30B (62.15 g), 4-chlorophenylboronic acid (32.24 g), CsF (64 g) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (2 g) in 2:1 1,2-dimethoxyethane/methanol (600 mL) were heated to 70° C. for 24 hours. The mixture was concentrated. Ether (4×200 mL) was added and the mixture was filtered. The combined ether solution was concentrated to give the product.

Example 30D
(2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)methanol

To a mixture of LiBH₄(13 g), EXAMPLE 30C (53.8 g) and ether (400 mL), methanol (25 mL) was added slowly by syringe. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The reaction was quenched with 1N aqueous HCl with ice-cooling. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted by ether (3×100 mL). The extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was chromatographed on silica gel with 0-30% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

Example 30E
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-enecarbaldehyde

To a mixture of EXAMPLE 30D (1.25 g) in dichloromethane (20 ml) was slowly added Dess-Martin Periodinane (2.78 g). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours and diluted with ether. The resulting mixture was washed with aqueous NaOH and water. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography, eluting with 0-100% dichloromethane in hexane to provide the title compound.

Example 30F
tert-butyl 4-((2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 30E for 4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-carboxaldehyde in EXAMPLE 7A.

Example 30G
1-((2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)methyl)piperazine

This EXAMPLE was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 30F for EXAMPLE 7A in EXAMPLE 7B.

Example 30H
ethyl 2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-4-(4-((2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoate

EXAMPLE 30A (330 mg), EXAMPLE 30G (335 mg), and HK₂PO₄(191 mg) were stirred in dimethylsulfoxide (5 mL) at 140° C. for 24 hours. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed three times with water, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was chromatographed on silica gel with 30% ethyl acetate/hexanes.

Example 30I
2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-4-(4-((2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 30H for EXAMPLE 5B in EXAMPLE 5C.

Example 30J
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 30I for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E.

Example 31
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide

This example was prepared by substituting benzenesulfonamide for 3-nitrobezenesulfonamide and EXAMPLE 30I for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d6) δ 11.19 (s, 1H), 7.88 (d, 2H), 7.65 (t, 1H), 7.48 (m, 5H), 7.33 (d, 2H), 7.20 (d, 1H), 7.03 (d, 2H), 6.88 (dd, 1H), 6.64 (dd, 1H), 6.42 (m, 1H), 6.13 (d, 1H), 3.03 (m, 4H), 2.72 (m, 2H), 2.18 (m, 6H), 1.94 (m, 2H), 1.39 (t, 2H), 0.92 (s, 6H).

Example 32
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-N-[(3-cyanophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)benzamide

This example was prepared by substituting 3-cyanobenzenesulfonamide for 3-nitrobezenesulfonamide and EXAMPLE 30I for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d6) δ 11.14 (s, 1H), 8.28 (br s, 1H), 8.12 (d, 1H), 8.06 (d, 1H), 7.66 (t, 1H), 7.51 (d, 1H), 7.37 (m, 4H), 7.13 (d, 1H), 7.04 (d, 2H), 6.83 (dd, 1H), 6.64 (dd, 1H), 6.38 (m, 1H), 6.16 (d, 1H), 3.06 (m, 4H), 2.83 (m, 2H), 2.27 (m, 4H), 2.15 (m, 2H), 1.96 (s, 2H), 1.39 (t, 2H), 0.92 (s, 6H).

Example 33
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}benzamide

This example was prepared by substituting 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide for 3-nitrobezenesulfonamide and EXAMPLE 30I for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d6) δ 11.15 (s, 1H), 8.20 (br s, 1H), 8.12 (d, 1H), 8.02 (d, 1H), 7.73 (t, 1H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.39 (m, 2H), 7.33 (d, 2H), 7.16 (d, 1H), 7.03 (d, 2H), 6.84 (dd, 1H), 6.63 (dd, 1H), 6.39 (t, 1H), 6.14 (d, 1H), 3.04 (m, 4H), 2.79 (m, 2H), 2.24 (m, 4H), 2.15 (m, 2H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.39 (t, 2H), 0.92 (s, 6H).

Example 34
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-N-[(3-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)benzamide

This example was prepared by substituting 3-chlorobenzenesulfonamide for 3-nitrobezenesulfonamide and EXAMPLE 30I for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d6) δ 11.15 (s, 1H), 7.90 (m, 1H), 7.80 (d, 1H), 7.70 (d, 1H), 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.40 (m, 2H), 7.33 (d, 2H), 7.17 (d, 1H), 7.03 (d, 2H), 6.85 (dd, 1H), 6.63 (dd, 1H), 6.40 (t, 1H), 6.15 (d, 1H), 3.03 (m, 4H), 2.74 (m, 2H), 2.19 (m, 6H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.38 (t, 2H), 0.92 (s, 6H).

Example 35
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-N-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)benzamide

This example was prepared by substituting 3-fluorobenzenesulfonamide for 3-nitrobezenesulfonamide and EXAMPLE 30I for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d6) δ 11.01 (s, 1H), 8.20 (m, 3H), 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.34 (d, 2H), 7.29 (m, 2H), 7.04 (d, 2H), 6.92 (m, 2H), 6.70 (dd, 1H), 6.56 (dd, 1H), 6.30 (t, 1H), 6.15 (d, 1H), 2.97 (m, 4H), 2.74 (m, 2H), 2.17 (m, 6H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.38 (t, 2H), 0.92 (s, 6H).

Example 36
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-(2-naphthylsulfonyl)benzamide

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 30I for EXAMPLE 1D and naphthalene-2-sulfonamide for 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 11.27 (s, 1H), 11.20 (s, 1H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.12 (d, 1H), 8.02 (dd, 2H), 7.87 (dd, 1H), 7.72 (t, 1H), 7.66 (t, 1H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 7.40-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.33 (d, 2H), 7.22 (d, 1H), 7.03 (d, 2H), 6.89 (dd, 1H), 6.63 (dd, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 6.14 (d, 1H), 3.02 (s, 4H), 2.71 (s, 2H), 2.09-2.21 (m, 6H), 1.94 (s, 2H), 1.37 (t, 2H), 0.91 (s, 6H)

Example 37
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-(isoquinolin-5-ylsulfonyl)benzamide
Example 37A
isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide

Isoquinoline-5-sulfonyl chloride (528 mg) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (8 mL), cooled to 0° C., then concentrated NH₄OH (0.7 mL) was added and the reaction was allowed to come to room temperature overnight. The product was filtered off, washed with water, and dried under vacuum.

Example 37B
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-5-yloxy)-N-(isoquinolin-5-ylsulfonyl)benzamide

This example was made by substituting EXAMPLE 37A for 3-nitrobezenesulfonamide and EXAMPLE 30I for EXAMPLE 1D in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d6) δ 11.17 (s, 1H), 9.43 (s, 1H), 8.50 (d, 1H), 8.42 (d, 1H), 8.39 (s, 2H), 7.82 (t, 1H), 7.40 (m, 3H), 7.34 (d, 2H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 7.04 (d, 2H), 6.78 (dd, 1H), 6.60 (dd, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 6.12 (d, 1H), 3.01 (br s, 4H), 2.80 (v br s, 2H), 2.25 (v br s, 4H), 2.13 (br t, 2H), 1.95 (s, 2H), 1.38 (t, 2H), 0.92 (s, 6H).

Example 38
N-[(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indazol-4-yloxy)benzamide
Example 38A
4-Hydroxy-indazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester and 4-Hydroxy-indazole-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

4-Hydroxyindazole (3.94 g) was added to tetrahydrofuran (250 mL) and cooled to 0° C. using an ice bath. Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 1.23 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 0° c for five minutes. The solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for an additional 20 minutes. The solution was again cooled to 0° C. using an ice bath, and tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane (4.65 g) was added. The solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and was stirred for 16 hours. The solvent volume was reduced under vacuum, the residue vacuum filtered over a pad of silica gel and washed with ethyl acetate, and the solvent was removed under vacuum. To the residue was added acetonitrile (200 mL), di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (7.06 g), and 4-9dimethylamino)pyridine (0.359 g). The solution was stirred at room temperature for three hours, and the solvent was removed under vacuum. To the residue was added tetrahydrofuran (200 mL) and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1M in tetrahyrdofuran, 82 mL). The solution was stirred at room temperature for four days, the solvent was removed under vacuum, and the residue taken up in ethyl acetate. The solution was extracted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride, extracted with brine, and dried on anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solution was vacuum-filtered over silica gel, and the solvent removed under vacuum.

Example 38B
4-Fluoro-2-(1H-indazol-4-yloxy)-benzoic acid methyl ester

EXAMPLE 38A (5.56 g) was added to diglyme (200 mL), and potassium tert-butoxide (1M in tetrahydrofuran, 30.8 mL) was added. The solution was mixed at room temperature for 15 minutes, methyl 2,4-difluorobenzoate was added, and the solution was heated at 115° C. for 16 hours. The solution was cooled, the solvent was removed under vacuum, the residue was taken up in dichloromethane (100 mL), and trifluoroacetic acid (22.6 mL) was added. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, the solvent removed under vacuum, the residue was taken up in ethyl acetate and washed with a saturate aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and the organic layer was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The material was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using 30% ethyl acetate (hexanes) increasing to 40% ethyl acetate (hexanes).

Example 38C
2-(1H-Indazol-4-yloxy)-4-piperazin-1-yl-benzoic acid methyl ester

EXAMPLE 38B (2.00 g) and piperazine (2.71 g) were added to dimethylsulfoxide (60 mL) and the mixture was heated to 100° C. for one hour. The solution was cooled, added to dichloromethane, washed with water twice, washed with a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and dried on anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed under vacuum.

Example 38D
4-{4-[2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-cyclohex-1-enylmethyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-2-(1H-indazol-4-yloxy)-benzoic acid methyl ester

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 30E for 4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-carboxaldehyde and EXAMPLE 38C for tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate in EXAMPLE 7A.

Example 38E
4-{4-[2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-cyclohex-1-enylmethyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-2-(1H-indazol-4-yloxy)-benzoic acid

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 38D for EXAMPLE 5B in EXAMPLE 5C.

Example 38F
N-[(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indazol-4-yloxy)benzamide

This example was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 38E for EXAMPLE 1D and 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide for 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 13.04 (s, 1H), 8.17 (br s, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H), 7.66-7.61 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, 2H), 7.11-7.01 (m, 4H), 6.79 (dd, 1H), 6.54 (d, 1H), 6.10 (dd, 1H), 3.38-3.05 (m, 8H), 2.73 (br s, 2H), 2.19 (m, 2H), 2.00 (br s, 2H), 1.44 (t, 2H), 0.95 (s, 6H).

Example 39
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide

This compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5C and 2-chloropyridine-3-sulfonamide for EXAMPLE 1D and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide respectively, in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.70 (m, 1H), 8.67 (m, 1H), 8.54 (m, 1H), 7.77 (m, 4H), 7.53 (m, 4H), 7.36 (m, 3H), 6.93 (m, 2H), 4.36 (m, 2H), 3.93 (m, 2H), 3.27 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, 2H), 2.89 (m, 2H).

Example 40
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(7-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5C and 7-nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-sulfonamide for EXAMPLE 1D and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide respectively, in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 8.70 (s, 1H), 8.65 (dd, 2H), 7.75 (m, 3H), 7.54 (m, 4H), 7.37 (m, 3H), 6.92 (d, 2H), 4.70 (s, 2H), 4.32 (br s, 2H), 3.77 (br s, 2H), 3.27, 3.18, 2.91 (all br s, total 6H).

Example 41
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5C for EXAMPLE 1D and 3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-6-sulfonamide for 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide in EXAMPLE 1E, except here the purification was done by preparative HPLC using a C18 column, 250×50 mm, 10μ, and eluting with a gradient of 20-100% CH₃CN vs. 0.1% TFA in water, giving the product as a trifluoroacetate salt. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 12.08 (v br s, 1H), 11.02 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, 3H), 7.55 (m, 6H), 7.40 (m, 3H), 7.14 (d, 1H), 6.92 (d, 2H), 4.70 (s, 2H), 4.38 (br s, 1H), 3.77 (br s, 1H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.25, 3.10, 2.94 (all br s, total 6H).

Example 42
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(6-chloro-1,1-dioxido-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-7-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide

This EXAMPLE was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5C for EXAMPLE 1D and chlorothizaide for 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.78 (d, 2H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.50 (m, 7H), 7.28 (m, 1H), 6.88 (d, 2H), 3.32 (m, 10H).

Example 43
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-({5-[ethyl(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-1-naphthyl}sulfonyl)benzamide
Example 43A
N-ethyl-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-(5-sulfamoylnaphthalen-1-yl)acetamide

5-(N-ethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamido)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride (100 mg) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (1.0 mL), cooled to 0° C., then concentrated ammonia (0.11 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 3 hours, then concentrated and partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give the title compound.

Example 43B
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-({5-[ethyl(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-1-naphthyl}sulfonyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5C for EXAMPLE 1D and EXAMPLE 43A for 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide in EXAMPLE 1E, except here the purification was done by preparative HPLC using a C18 column, 250×50 mm, 10μ, and eluting with a gradient of 20-100% CH₃CN vs. 0.1% TFA in water, giving the product as a trifluoroacetate salt. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 12.50 (v br s, 1H), 9.58 (v br s, 1H), 8.83 (d, 1H), 8.45 (d, 1H), 8.30 (d, 1H), 7.85 (m, 1H) 7.78 (m, 5H), 7.55 (d, 4H), 7.39 (m, 3H), 6.90 (d, 2H), 4.38 (br s, 1H), 4.25 (m, 1H), 3.83 (br s, 1H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.30 (m, 1H) 3.25, 3.10, 2.85 (all br s, total 6H), 1.12 (t, 3H).

Example 44
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5C and 5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide for EXAMPLE 1D and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide respectively, in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 12.00 (br s, 1H), 7.89 (d, 1H), 7.73 (d, 2H), 7.69 (dd, 1H), 7.55 (d, 2H), 7.47 (m, 4H), 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.24 (m, 1H), 6.90 (d, 2H), 3.40 (s, 2H), 3.24 (br m, 4H), 2.39 (br m, 4H), 1.66 (br s, 4H), 1.25 (s, 12H).

Example 45
4-{4-[(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}-N-[(2-oxo-2H-chromen-6-yl)sulfonyl]benzamide

The title compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5C and 2-oxo-2H-chromene-6-sulfonamide for EXAMPLE 1D and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide respectively, in EXAMPLE 1E. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, dimethylsulfoxide-d₆) δ 12.08 (v br s, 1H), 8.41 (d, 1H), 8.27 (d, 1H), 8.11 (dd, 1H), 7.75 (m, 3H), 7.61 (d, 1H), 7.54 (m, 4H), 7.40 (d, 2H), 7.34 (dd, 1H), 6.93 (d, 2H), 6.64 (d, 1H), 4.38 (br s, 2H), 3.88 (br s, 1H), 3.25, 3.10, 2.94 (all br s, total 6H).

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Apoptosis-inducing agents for the treatment of cancer and immune and autoimmune diseases

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