The present disclosure relates to apparatus for installing or removing and replacing a segment of a mooring line, such as used to moor floating storage and offloading vessels. The present disclosure further relates to an anchor handling vessel onto which such apparatus is mounted.
Floating storage and offloading (FSO) vessels keep station using a system of mooring lines terminating at anchoring means, such as suction piles. The mooring lines typically include multiple segments, including at least one chain segment at the anchor and, one chain segment at the FSO, and a wire rope segment there between. The wire rope is made up of multiple strands of steel and is subject to corrosion in a subsea environment over time. For instance, a wire rope having a diameter of about 4 inches may have a design life of about 7-10 years after which the wire rope must be decommissioned or removed. The entire mooring line can be replaced; however, this is extremely costly since the field production has to be shutdown to allow welding on the FSO. In order to replace the wire rope segment of the mooring line, the conventional way is to send divers down to seafloor to disconnect the old wire rope from the adjacent chain segments and connect a new wire rope to the adjacent chain segments. The divers perform the necessary subsea cuts and connections while on the seabed in poor visibility, and manually perform all related physical tasks including lifting. These are dangerous because of the weight and tension on the steel components. If weather turns severe, the divers may be trapped in the subsea environment until conditions are calmer that the boat could resume diving support.
It would be desirable to have a safer method to extend the life of the mooring line by replacing the old wire rope segment which would not require divers to perform operations subsea.
In one aspect, a platform is provided adapted to be mounted onto an anchor handling vessel (AHV) for receiving a mooring line retrieved from the seabed. The platform includes a first end having a chain chute, a second end movable relative to the first and having a wire rope chute and having rollers mounted on the wire rope chute adapted to contact a mooring line segment passing over the wire rope chute, a chain stopper movable between a chain locking position and a released chain position, and a wire socket stopper movable between a wire rope locking position and a released wire rope position. The platform further includes positional control mechanisms for controlling the position of the first end relative to the second and, the position of the chain stopper relative to the chain chute and the position of the wire socket stopper relative to the wire rope chute.
In another aspect, a platform is provided adapted to be mounted onto an AHV for receiving a mooring line retrieved from the seabed. The platform includes a first end having a chain chute, a second end movable relative to the first, a chain stopper movable between a chain locking position and a released chain position, and a wire socket stopper movable between a wire rope locking position and a released wire rope position. The platform further includes positional control mechanisms for controlling the position of the first end relative to the second and, the position of the chain stopper relative to the chain chute and the position of the wire socket stopper relative to the wire rope chute. The platform further includes a curved deflector plate mounted adjacent the platform and adapted to direct a mooring line from the wire rope chute of the platform towards a reel located on the AHV.
In yet another aspect, an AHV is provided for removing and/or replacing a segment of a mooring line utilizing the methods and platforms disclosed herein.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description, appended claims and accompanying drawings where:
A floating vessel can be moored by a mooring line connected to an anchor according to conventional practice. One end of the mooring line is commonly attached to the floating vessel, and the other end of the mooring line is attached to an anchor such as a pile driven into the seabed. The mooring line can be attached to the floating vessel using any convenient arrangement, e.g., at a turret at the bow of the floating vessel. The mooring line includes three segments, a first chain segment attached to the floating vessel, a wire rope segment attached to the first chain segment and a second chain segment attached to the wire rope segment and the anchor. The wire rope segment is substantially on the seabed. Over time, the wire rope segment is subject to corrosion and aging and must be replaced or decommissioned.
The present disclosure will describe methods and apparatus for replacing a used wire rope segment of a mooring line, as well as methods and apparatus for installing a new wire rope segment.
A chain stopper 118 movable between a chain locking position and a released chain position is provided to enable locking the chain in a position securely on the platform 100. In the chain locking position, the chain stopper 118 protrudes from the surface of the chain chute 110 and engages a chain link. In the released chain position, the chain stopper 118 is receded below the surface of the chain chute. The position of the chain stopper relative to the surface of the chain chute is controlled by a control mechanism such as a hydraulic piston (not shown).
Similarly, a wire socket stopper 120 movable between a wire rope locking position and a released wire rope position is provided to enable locking the wire rope in a position securely on the platform 100. In a protruded locking position, the wire socket stopper 120 can engage a fixed element along the wire rope such as a connector also referred to as a union, e.g. a wire socket, at the end of a wire rope. The position of the wire socket stopper 120, either in the protruded locking position or the receded released position, is controlled by a control mechanism such as a hydraulic piston (not shown).
The platform 100 utilizes a positional control mechanism for controlling the position of the chain end relative to the wire rope end. The positional control mechanism can be any appropriate means as would be apparent to one skilled in the art, such as a hydraulic piston (not shown), in which case the stroke distance of the piston determines the range of separation between the chain end and the wire rope end. When the chain stopper 118 and the wire socket stopper 120 are engaged to lock a chain segment and a wire rope segment of a mooring line in position on the platform 100, the piston can be used to control the amount of tension in the mooring line. Hydraulic pistons if present can be connected to a hydraulic power unit on the AHV on which the platform 100 is mounted as would be apparent to one skilled in the art.
The rollers 112 on the wire rope chute protect the wire rope as it passes over the platform 100. This protects a new wire rope segment as it is being laid down from abrasion and damage caused by contact with sharp edges and the like. The rollers 112 also prevent the wire rope from kinking and bending excessively. In addition to protecting the wire rope, the rollers also facilitate smooth movement of the wire rope as a used wire rope segment is being retrieved from the seabed or a new wire rope segment is being laid down, and as the AHV is moving from one location to another.
In order to monitor the wire rope passing through the wire rope chute of the platform, the mooring chain passing through the chain chute of the platform, or the connecting and severing operations on the platform, one or more video cameras 115 may be mounted on the platform 100 or a nearby structure as would be apparent to one skilled in the art. The video camera can be part of a closed-circuit television system which can be monitored by persons remotely. This can reduce the need persons on the platform, thus enhancing the safety of operations. The video camera can also be used to monitor the lowering of a mooring line once a new wire rope has been installed.
In one embodiment, a curved deflector plate 104 is mounted on a support 102 adjacent the platform 100. The deflector plate 104 can be used to direct or guide a used mooring line 24 from the wire rope chute 116 of the platform towards a used mooring line reel 52b located on the AHV 50 (as shown in
The AHV 50 supports one or more reels 52a, 52b and 52c for storing and transporting new wire rope 23 to be installed, temporary working wire 25 to facilitate the disclosed methods and used wire rope 24 to be retrieved from the seabed, respectively.
The AHV 50 can include an A-frame structure 108 (shown in
In one embodiment, in step 310, illustrated in
Again assisted by the remotely operated vehicle 28, in step 312, as illustrated in
Step 316 is illustrated in
The mooring line is then placed on the platform 100 (step 318), as illustrated in
As shown in
As shown in
In one embodiment, as shown in
In step 330, as illustrated in
In one embodiment, as the old wire rope 24 is taken up and wound onto the used wire rope reel 52b, the old wire rope 24 is passed over the curved deflector plate 104 to assist in winding up the old wire rope 24. Optionally, the curved deflector plate 104 includes guides (not shown) over which the wire rope can pass.
In one embodiment, as the old wire rope 24 is taken up and wound onto the used wire rope reel 52b, the old wire rope 24 is passed over rollers 112 in the wire rope chute 116 to protect and facilitate the winding up of the old wire rope 24.
At the second location, a combined mooring line segment including a portion of distal mooring chain 21, temporary work wire 25 and union 22d is positioned on platform 100 with the chain 21 in the chain chute 110 and the temporary work wire 25 in the wire rope chute 116. The distal mooring chain 21 is locked in place using the chain stopper 118, and the temporary working wire 25 is locked in place using the wire socket stopper 120 (step 332). The tension in the combined mooring line segment including the portion of distal mooring chain 21, temporary work wire 25 and union 22d is relieved in step 334 as in step 322 by moving the wire socket stopper 120 and/or the chain stopper 118 relative to one another in order to decrease the distance there between.
In step 336, as shown in
In step 336, as shown in
In step 340, as illustrated in
In one embodiment, as the new wire rope 23 is unwound from the new wire rope reel 52a, it is passed over the curved deflector plate 104 to assist in unwinding the new wire rope 23. Optionally, the curved deflector plate 104 includes guides (not shown) over which the wire rope can pass.
In one embodiment, as the new wire rope 23 is unwound from the new wire rope reel 52a, it passes over rollers 112 in the wire rope chute 116 to protect and facilitate the winding up of the new wire rope 23.
At the first location, a combined mooring line segment including a portion of temporary working wire 25, proximal mooring chain 20 and union 22c (previously connected in step 328) is positioned on platform 100 with the chain 20 in the chain chute 110 and the temporary working wire 25 in the wire rope chute 116. The proximal mooring chain 20 is locked in place using the chain stopper 118, and the temporary working wire 25 is locked in place using the wire socket stopper 120. The tension in the combined mooring line segment is relieved again by moving the wire socket stopper 120 and/or the chain stopper 118 relative to one another in order to decrease the distance there between.
One or more links of the proximal mooring chain 20 are cut to form a proximal mooring chain cut end and a temporary working wire segment cut end. The temporary working wire segment cut end can be union 22c. At this point, temporary working wire 23 is freed completely from the mooring line, and the end of temporary working wire 23 can be completely wound onto the temporary working wire reel 52 on the AHV 50.
In step 342, the new wire rope 23 is connected to the proximal mooring chain 20 on the platform 100. The connection is made by way of union 22e. At this point, the old wire rope segment 24 of the mooring line has been replaced with the new wire rope segment 23. To achieve a desired tension in the mooring line, lengths of mooring line, e.g., chain links, can be added or removed.
The new wire rope is then released from the wire rope chute 116 and the proximal mooring chain 20 is released from the chain chute 110, and the gantry 106 is attached to the mooring line. Using the gantry 106, the mooring line can be lifted above the platform 100, and lowered to the seabed 3. The ROV 28 can assist with disconnecting the gantry 106 from the mooring line.
Although in the process embodiment 300 described above, the proximal mooring chain 20 is described and illustrated as the mooring chain segment closest to the FSO 30 and the distal mooring chain 21 is described and illustrated as the mooring chain segment closest to the pile 17, it should be understood that the proximal and distal mooring chains could be reversed, in which case the replacement of the old wire rope segment 24 would begin at the end of the old wire rope segment closest to the pile 17.
In another embodiment, a process is provided for installing a new mooring line where there was not previously an existing mooring line. In this embodiment, one end of a proximal mooring chain 20 can be attached to an FSO 30, e.g. at the turret 32 of an FSO, The other end can be secured in the chain chute 110 of the platform 100 and locked in place using the chain stopper 118. An end of a new wire rope 23 wound on a new wire rope reel 52 on the AHV 50 can be secured in the wire rope chute 112 and locked in place using the wire socket stopper 120. The end of the new wire rope 23 can be attached to the proximal mooring chain 20 on the platform 100 using a union 22e.
The AHV 50 can then be navigated through the water away from the FSO and towards the intended anchor location (pile 17) while the new wire rope 23 is laid down onto the seabed 3. As described before, in one embodiment, as the new wire rope 23 is unwound from the new wire rope reel 52a, the new wire rope 23 passes over a curved deflector plates 104 having optional guides thereon. As described before, in one embodiment, as the new wire rope 23 is unwound from the new wire rope reel 52a, the new wire rope 23 passes over rollers within the wire rope chute 112. At the distal end of the new wire rope segment 23, the wire rope is secured in the wire rope chute 112, and the distal mooring chain 21 is placed in the chain chute 110 and secured with the chain stopper 118. The distal end of the new wire rope segment is connected to the distal mooring chain 21 using a union 22f. The mooring line can then be lifted by the gantry 106 and lowered to the seabed 3. The distal end of the distal mooring chain 21 can then be attached to pile 17, thus completing the installation of the mooring line anchoring the FSO 30.
Where permitted, all publications, patents and patent applications cited in this application are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, to the extent such disclosure is not inconsistent with the present invention.
Unless otherwise specified, the recitation of a genus of elements, materials or other components, from which an individual component or mixture of components can be selected, is intended to include all possible sub-generic combinations of the listed components and mixtures thereof. Also, “comprise,” “include” and its variants, are intended to be non-limiting, such that recitation of items in a list is not to the exclusion of other like items that may also be useful in the materials, compositions, methods and systems of this invention.
From the above description, those skilled in the art will perceive improvements, changes and modifications, which are intended to be covered by the appended claims.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61669925 | Jul 2012 | US |