The present disclosure pertains to detectors and particularly object detectors. More particularly, the disclosure pertains to infrared and microwave detectors.
The disclosure reveals an intrusion device having an electromagnetic wave transmitter and receiver with a transmitting and a receiving antenna, respectively. The transmitter and receiver may be connected to a microcontroller. The device may operate in a microwave and passive infrared (IR) range. The device may detect a speed and position of an intruder, such as an object or a person. The device may be customized to indicate intruders within a certain range of speed and range of distances. Further, the device may have a field of view that may be varied. The device may indicate a direction of movement of the intruder. The transmitter, receiver, controller and antenna may be contained on a compact printed circuit board. Much of the electronics may be incorporated on a monolithic integrated circuit. The customization or adjustment of ranges of speed, between slow and fast limits, and of distance, between near and far limits, may be a reason to regard the device as smart.
The present system and approach may incorporate one or more processors, computers, controllers, user interfaces, wireless and/or wire connections, and/or the like, in an implementation described and/or shown herein.
This description may provide one or more illustrative and specific examples or ways of implementing the present system and approach. There may be numerous other examples or ways of implementing the system and approach.
Aspects of the system or approach may be described in terms of symbols in the drawing. Symbols may have virtually any shape (e.g., a block) and may designate hardware, objects, components, activities, states, steps, procedures, and other items.
An intrusion device, such as a dual-tech (PIR and MW) type, may rely on an intruder moving actions in an uncertain scope of a detection window to detect them. From the MW detection side, the device may not be reliable because it could easily trigger false alarms by big objects even at far distances (such as a passing train, big truck far away, and so on) and very small insects (such as a fly, and so on) passing nearby the cover of the device. Furthermore, the device cannot necessarily monitor a customized space with fewer false alarms that a user requests, such as an accurate square space fence. Therefore, the existing intrusion devices for intrusion detection are not necessarily accurate and reliable, and may easily trigger false alarms under some interferences.
To solve the requirement and requests mentioned herein, the present approach may be based on smart MW. That is, this way may detect the speed and position of an intruder; further, this approach may monitor an accurate monitoring space and a certain speed intruder that can meet some customized requests, such as if an intruder is in some space, then the approach may trigger alarm, and if the intruder is in another space then an alarm need not be triggered. In addition, the approach may monitor certain speed range intruder; if an intruder speed is not in the monitor range, and then the approach will not necessarily trigger an alarm, so the approach may be very useful in defining an intruder's position and type. This approach may be on a smart MW application and may co-work with PIR.
For further detail of the circuit in
The present approach may enable a dual-tech intrusion device to improve intrusion-detecting accuracy, customized monitor space, and so forth. An approach for accurate monitoring space based on the present apparatus is shown in a diagram of
Transceiver 162 may have a signal mixing circuit 168 as shown in a diagram of
R=−(c*(φ2−φ1)/(4π*(f2−f1)=−(c*Δφ)/4π*fstep).
Graph portion 212 is similar to graph portion 211, but with some differences. In an upper part graph portion 212, a delay of signal 214 is shown in comparison to signal 213 in graph 211. The delay may be illustrated by a signal 223. A difference between the frequencies of signal 213 and 214 may be indicated by a double-arrowed line 221, which may indicate relative speed (˜Vrel). A double-arrowed line 222 between signals 213 and 223 may emphasize a delay in time between the signals and may be interpreted as relative distance (˜rel distance).
A lower part of graph portion 212 may indicate various frequencies along the time line for modulation period 218. From a start of modulation period at line 224, a sum (fb+fd) of beat frequency (fb) and Doppler frequency (fd) may be indicated by line 225 between time line 224 and a time line 226. This sum may be regarded as f1. Between line 226 and a time line 227 (τ) is a drop in frequency along line 228. The frequency may be bumped up along a short line 230 to line 229 at time line 231. The frequency at line 229 may be a difference (fb-fd) of beat frequency (fb) and Doppler frequency (fd), which may be regarded as f2. A reversal of this change may occur along time lines 232, 233 and 234, and frequency lines 235, 236 and 237, respectively. The following equations may be useful for range (R) and velocity (V) determinations:
V=(c*fd)/(2*fo),
R−(c*fb*tM)/(8*fh),
f
d=(1/2)*|f1−f2|, and
f
b=(1/2)*(f1−f2),
where fo=transmitter frequency, fh=modulation range, tM=modulation period, fb=beat frequency, fd=Doppler frequency, and c=speed of light.
An output from multiplier 305 may go to a power amplifier 306, which may provide a transmit signal to an antenna 307. Antenna 307 may emanate a signal 308 outward. Signal 308 may be reflected by an object as a signal 309, which may be detected by one or more receiving receiver antennas 311. Signals 309 on antennas 311 may go to a multiplexer 312. Signal 309, which might be multiplexed or not, may go to a mixer 313. Signal 309 may be mixed with signal 308. A mixed signal 314 may go to a high pass filter 314 to provide a baseband and range compensation in an output that may go to an amplifier 315. An output from amplifier 315 may go to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 316 (e.g., AD9288 or AD9235). A digital output may go from ADC 316 to a digital signal processor 317, which may provide an output to microcontroller 302. Controller 302 may output results or information about the object detected to, for example, CAN, LIN, FlexRay, and/or other buses, conveyances, nets and recipients.
Features of the present device and approach may be noted. As to a design for an intrusion device, it may be more reliable as a MW type detecting motion due to its smart detecting function, such as motion, velocity, direction and positions. The present approach and apparatus may detect motion, velocity, direction and distance. These parameters may be useful for improving device performance and reducing false alarms; The design may be used for other intrusion control, such as controlling the video flow according to the intruder's density (more or less) or the intruder's distance. Using the velocity and distance information for an intruder monitor, the monitor may recognize the status of intrusion status/events and avoid the false/missing alarms. Also the present approach may be reliable and convenient for many applications. Specifically, the present approach may use an MW signal. The test results may be positive. The approach may process intrusion/motion events accurately for customized space, direction and speeds;
The present approach may have substantive differences relative to other structures. The dual-tech intrusion device may be easily trigger false alarms due to some interference (it may be difficult to immunize) triggering MW if the intruder size big enough or the distance close enough such as with very small insects. It is not necessarily reliable for easily resulting in false alarms or/and missing alarms and cannot meet customized speed, direction and position. The present approach is designed to solve these issues. The present approach may have better performance, easily meet request and be used with many MW type security devices. The present approach may be more accurate and reliable for MW detecting. It may have wide application for customized function opportunities.
The present approach may be customized for use with other devices, such as video flow control, lighting control, industrial control, long-range security detecting, and so on.
To recap, an intrusion detection system may incorporate a controller, a transmitter module connected to the controller, and a receiver module connected to the controller. The controller may incorporate an output for connection to an intrusion alarm. If an object detected by the receiver module is determined by the controller to have a speed within a predetermined range and a distance from a detection point within a predetermined range, then the object may be classified as an intruder.
A setting may let just a detection of an intruder trigger an intrusion alarm.
The predetermined range of speed may be between A and B units. A is equal to or greater than zero and B is greater than A.
The predetermined range of distance may be between C and D units. C is equal to or greater than zero and D is greater than C.
The transmitter module may incorporate a signal generator connected to the controller, a power amplifier connected to the signal generator, and a transmission antenna connected to the power amplifier. The receiver module may incorporate a receiving antenna, a mixer connected to the receiving antenna and the power amplifier, and a receiver amplifier connected to the mixer and the controller.
The transmitter module may incorporate a signal generator connected to the controller, a phase-locked loop connected to the signal generator, a power amplifier connected to the phase-locked loop, and a transmission antenna connected to the power amplifier.
The receiver module may incorporate a receiving antenna, a mixer connected to the receiving antenna and the power amplifier, a band pass filter connected to the mixer, a receiver amplifier connected to the band pass filter, and an analog-to-digital converter connected to the receiver amplifier and the controller.
The transmitter module, the receiver module, the antennas, and the controller may be formed on a single printed circuit board.
A direction of movement of the intruder may be determined.
An intruder detection mechanism may incorporate a transmitter, a receiver, and a controller. The transmitter may emit an electromagnetic transmission signal. The receiver may detect a reflected signal of the electromagnetic transmission signal. The controller may process an attenuated electromagnetic transmission signal and the reflected signal into speed and distance information about an object that caused the reflected signal. The speed and distance information may indicate whether the object is an intruder.
The controller may report just a detection of an object that has a range of speed between W and X.
The controller may report just detection of an object that has a distance between Y and Z from a predetermined location.
The controller may report only a detection of just one or more objects that have a speed just between W and X and have a distance between Y and Z from a predetermined location. W is a lower cutoff speed, X is an upper cutoff speed, Y is a lower cutoff distance, and Z is a higher cutoff distance.
A direction of movement by an object may be determined by the controller.
The reflected signal may have a bandwidth in the IR range or the microwave range.
The field of view of a beam aperture of the receiver may be F degrees by G degrees. F and G are numbers.
The field of view of the beam aperture of the receiver may be adjustable.
An approach for detection of intrusion, may incorporate self-testing a passive infrared (IR) module, self-testing a microwave module, activating a fault alarm if the passive infrared module or the microwave module fails the self-testing, and checking whether the passive infrared module triggers the fault alarm. If the passive IR module does not trigger the fault alarm, then check again whether the passive infrared module triggers the fault alarm, until the passive infrared module triggers the fault alarm or the approach is terminated. If the passive infrared module triggers the fault alarm, then microwave series data from the microwave module may be stored. A velocity of an intruder may be calculated. Whether the intruder has a velocity in a predetermined range may be checked. If the intruder has not a velocity in the predetermined range, then check again whether the passive infrared module triggers the fault alarm, or if the intruder has a velocity in the predetermined range, then calculate a distance between the intruder and a detection device. Whether the intruder is within a predetermined distance of the detection device may be checked. If the intruder is not within a predetermined distance of the detection device, then whether the passive infrared module triggers the fault alarm may be checked again. If the intruder is within a predetermined distance of the detection device, then an intrusion alarm may be triggered.
Information of the velocity of the intruder may incorporate a direction of movement by the intruder.
Any publication or patent document noted herein is hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each publication or patent document was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
In the present specification, some of the matter may be of a hypothetical or prophetic nature although stated in another manner or tense.
Although the present system and/or approach has been described with respect to at least one illustrative example, many variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the specification. It is therefore the intention that the appended claims be interpreted as broadly as possible in view of the related art to include all such variations and modification.