1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to an apparatus and method for completing a wellbore. More particularly, the invention relates to an apparatus and method for expanding a tubular body in a wellbore.
2. Description of the Related Art
In well completion operations, a wellbore is formed to access hydrocarbon-bearing formations by drilling. Drilling is accomplished by utilizing a drill bit that is mounted on the end of a drill support member, commonly known as a drill string. To drill within the wellbore to a predetermined depth, the drill string is often rotated by a top drive or rotary table on a surface platform or rig, or by a downhole motor mounted towards the lower end of the drill string. After drilling to a predetermined depth, the drill string and drill bit are removed and a section of casing is lowered into the wellbore. An annular area is thus formed between the string of casing and the formation. The casing string is temporarily hung from the surface of the well. A cementing operation is then conducted in order to fill the annular area with cement. Using an apparatus known in the art, the casing string is cemented into the wellbore by circulating cement into the annular area defined between the outer wall of the casing and the borehole. The combination of cement and casing strengthens the wellbore and facilitates the isolation of certain areas of the formation behind the casing for the production of hydrocarbons.
It is common to employ more than one string of casing in a wellbore. In this respect, the well is drilled to a first designated depth with a drill bit on a drill string. The drill string is removed. A first string of casing or conductor pipe is then run into the wellbore and set in the drilled out portion of the wellbore, and cement is circulated into the annulus behind the casing string. Next, the well is drilled to a second designated depth, and a second string of casing, or liner, is run into the drilled out portion of the wellbore. The second string is set at a depth such that the upper portion of the second string of casing overlaps the lower portion of the first string of casing. The second liner string is then fixed, or “hung” off of the existing casing by the use of slips which utilize slip members and cones to wedgingly fix the new string of liner in the wellbore. The second casing string is then cemented. This process is typically repeated with additional casing strings until the well has been drilled to total depth. As more casing strings are set in the wellbore, the casing strings become progressively smaller in diameter in order to fit within the previous casing string. In this manner, wells are typically formed with two or more strings of casing of an ever-decreasing diameter.
Decreasing the diameter of the wellbore produces undesirable consequences. Progressively decreasing the diameter of the casing strings with increasing depth within the wellbore limits the size of wellbore tools which are capable of being run into the wellbore. Furthermore, restricting the inner diameter of the casing strings limits the volume of hydrocarbon production fluids which may flow to the surface from the formation.
In the last several years, methods and apparatus for expanding the diameter of casing strings within a wellbore have become more common. For example, a string of liner can be hung in a well by placing the upper portion of a second string of casing in an overlapping arrangement with the lower portion of a first string of casing. The second string of casing is then expanded into contact with the existing first string of casing with an expander tool. The second string of casing is then cemented.
An exemplary expander tool utilized to expand the second casing string into the first casing string is fluid powered and run into the wellbore on a working string. The hydraulic expander tool includes radially expandable members which, through fluid pressure, are urged outward radially from the body of the expander tool and into contact with the second casing string therearound. As sufficient pressure is generated on a piston surface behind these expansion members, the second casing string being acted upon by the expansion tool is expanded past its point of elastic deformation. In this manner, the inner and outer diameter of the expandable tubular is increased in the wellbore. By rotating the expander tool in the wellbore and/or moving the expander tool axially in the wellbore with the expansion member actuated, a tubular can be expanded into plastic deformation along a predetermined length in a wellbore.
Some hydraulically actuated expansion systems require the bottom of the tubular string to be sealed during operation. Balls and darts have been used to seal the tubular string. Some systems may drop more than one ball or dart to create the seal. Many expansion systems are designed to be used with either the ball or the dart, but not both. As such, these systems may be limited in its range of operations. For example, systems that use a ball to seal the tubular string are generally not suitable for horizontal wells. In another example, some systems are designed for use with two darts instead of a single dart to provide a better cementing job. However, the use of two darts requires a more complicated design than a single dart
Therefore, there is a need for an expansion system that may be used in a variety of well profiles. There is also a need for an expansion system that may be easily adapted for use with different well profiles. Further, there is a need for an expansion system that may be configured to be sealed using ball or dart.
An expandable tubular assembly includes an expander for expanding a tubular. The expander may be hydraulically actuated. A bore obstruction object may be received in a receptacle sleeve that is a modular component of the expandable tubular assembly. In this respect, the expandable tubular assembly may be quickly fitted with a receptacle sleeve designed to receive the selected type of bore obstruction object.
In one embodiment, an expansion assembly includes an expandable tubular coupled to a nose portion; a mandrel releasably coupled to the nose portion; an expander coupled to an exterior of the mandrel; and a receptacle sleeve disposed in the mandrel and attached to the nose portion, the receptacle sleeve configured to receive one or more bore obstruction objects.
In another embodiment, a method of expanding a tubular in a pre-existing structure includes providing an expandable tubular assembly by: connecting the tubular to a lower nose portion; releasably coupling a mandrel to the lower nose portion, the mandrel having an expander attached to an exterior of the mandrel; selecting a receptacle sleeve suitable for receiving one or more bore obstruction objects; and attaching the receptacle sleeve to the lower nose portion. The method also includes positioning the expandable tubular assembly adjacent the pre-existing structure; landing the one or more bore obstruction objects in the receptacle sleeve; and increasing pressure to move the expander relative to the tubular, thereby expanding the tubular.
So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
The present invention is generally directed to a method and apparatus for lining a wellbore using an expandable liner system.
An expandable tubular assembly includes an expander for expanding a tubular. The expander may be hydraulically actuated using a bore obstruction object. The bore obstruction object may be received in a receptacle sleeve that is a modular component of the expandable tubular assembly. In this respect, the expandable tubular assembly may be quickly fitted with a receptacle sleeve designed to receive a selected type of bore obstruction object. The modular aspect of the receptacle sleeve provides versatility to the expandable tubular assembly during manufacturing and use at the worksite. For example, the expandable tubular system may be configured to receive two darts or a ball simply by changing the receptacle sleeve.
As shown in
The expandable tubular 125 includes an enlarged portion 121 and an unexpanded portion 122. The enlarged portion 121 may be attached to the tubular body section 135 using a threaded connection. A seal 127 such as an o-ring may be disposed between the enlarged portion 121 and the tubular body section 135 to prevent fluid blow therebetween. In one embodiment, the enlarged portion 121 has an outer diameter that is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the lower nose end 130.
The expansion assembly 150 includes a mandrel 155 coupled to an upper end of the tubular body section 135. The mandrel 155 may be coupled to the tubular body section 135 using a connection that allows the mandrel 155 to move axially relative to the tubular body section 135 and to transfer torque to the tubular body section 135. As shown, the mandrel 155 is coupled to the tubular body section 135 using castellations 151 formed at the lower end of the mandrel 155 and mating castellations 152 formed at the upper end of the tubular body section 135.
The upper end of the mandrel 155 is connected to an adapter sleeve 160, which may be connected to a running string 108, such as a drill pipe string, from the surface. For example, the mandrel 155 may be threadedly connected to the adapter sleeve 160. In another embodiment, the mandrel 155 may attach directly to the running string 108. A torque connector 162 such as a torque screw may be used to couple the mandrel 155 to the adapter sleeve 160 to allow rotation in either direction. A seal 163 is disposed between the adapter sleeve 160 and the mandrel 155. The adapter sleeve 160 includes a port 164 to allow fluid communication between the bore 133 and the annular area 166 between the mandrel 155 and the expandable tubular 125. A packer 170 is coupled to the adapter sleeve 160 and is disposed in the annular area above the port. An exemplary packer is a cup packer. A spacer sleeve 175 may be used to retain the packer 170 in position and may include an opening 172 for fluid communication between the bore 133 and the exterior annular area 166. In one embodiment, the packer 170 is allowed to rotate relative to the adapter sleeve 160. A seal 173 such as an o-ring may be disposed between the packer 170 and the adapter sleeve 160.
In another embodiment, an optional second packer 180 may be disposed above the first packer 170. The second packer 180 may be disposed between a shoulder 167 on the adapter sleeve 160 and a second spacer sleeve 176 disposed above the first packer 170. A seal 183 such as an o-ring may be disposed between the second packer 180 and the adapter sleeve 160. The second packer 180 may be rotatable relative to the adapter sleeve 160. In the single packer configuration, the first packer 170 may be retained in position by positioning the second spacer sleeve 176 between the first packer 170 and the shoulder 167 or by positioning the first packer 170 adjacent the shoulder 167.
The expansion assembly 150 includes an expander 190 for expanding the expandable tubular 125. The expander 190 is attached to the exterior of the mandrel 155 and initially positioned at the transition between the enlarged portion 121 and the unexpanded portion 122 of the mandrel 155. The engagement between the expander 190 and the expandable tubular 125 is configured to provide support of the expandable tubular 125 during run-in. In one embodiment, the expander 190 may be a solid cone shaped expander. In another embodiment, the expander may be a multi-segmented cone expander. A bypass 192 between the expander 190 and the mandrel 155 allows fluid in the annular area 166 above the expander to communicate with the annular area 166 below the expander 190, and vice versa. In this respect, pressure above and below the expander 190 is allowed to equalize. In one embodiment, the bypass 192 may be a recessed channel formed on the exterior of the mandrel 155. In another embodiment, the bypass may be formed as a hole through the cone. As shown, optional expander ports 193 are provided to facilitate fluid communication through the expander 190. Optional upper limiter 196 and lower limiter 197 may be used to maintain the expander's 190 position with respect to the mandrel 155. In one embodiment, the upper limiter 196 and the lower limiter 197 may be selected from a c-ring or a shoulder.
The expandable liner system 100 may be configured for actuation by a variety of releasable bore obstruction objects. For example, the expansion process may be actuated using one or more bore obstruction objects such as a ball, a dart, a plug, and combinations thereof. The bore obstruction objects may be released from the surface or any portion of the running string above the expansion assembly 150 and allowed to land in the expansion assembly 150. In one embodiment, the expansion assembly 150 may include a receptacle member such as a receptacle sleeve configured to receive one or more of the bore obstruction objects. For example, the receptacle sleeve may be configured to receive a ball. In another example, the receptacle sleeve may be configured to receive two darts or a ball and a dart. The receptacle sleeve may be provided as a modular component of the expansion assembly 150 such that expansion assembly 150 may be quickly configured to receive a particular bore obstruction object by changing a particular receptacle sleeve designed to receive the selected bore obstruction object.
The bore 212 of the receptacle sleeve 210 is configured to receive one or more bore obstruction objects. As shown in
In one exemplary application, this embodiment may be used to expand a tubular in a vertical or horizontal where only one dart is released downhole. During operation, the expandable liner system 100 is lowered into the wellbore using a running string 108. The expansion assembly 150 is equipped with a receptacle sleeve 210 configured to receive the selected bore obstruction object. As shown in
As shown in
The bore 412 of the second receptacle sleeve 420 may be sized to receive the second dart 426 and sealingly engage with a wiper 407 on the second dart 426. The seat 421 may engage with a flange of the second dart 426 to limit downward movement of the second dart 426. Also, a latch 409 such as a c-ring may be provided on the second dart 426 to engage a groove 419 in the bore 412 to limit upward movement of the second dart 426. The bore 412 is sufficiently sized to allow the first dart 416 to pass through and land in the seat 411 of the first receptacle sleeve 410. A cement bypass 430 is provided to allow the cement or other fluid to flow around the first dart 416 after landing. In one embodiment, openings 431, 432 are provided above and below the seat 411 to form the cement bypass 430.
In one exemplary application, this embodiment may be used to expand a tubular in a vertical or horizontal wellbore where a conventional two dart system is selected. During operation, the expandable liner system 300 is lowered into the wellbore using a running string 108. The expansion assembly 350 is equipped with a first receptacle sleeve 410 and a second receptacle sleeve 420 to receive the first and second darts. Referring to
As shown in
The bore 812 of the first receptacle sleeve 810 may be sized to receive the second dart 826 and sealingly engage with a wiper 807 on the second dart 826. The seat 821 may engage with a flange of the second dart 826 to limit downward movement of the second dart 826. Also, a latch 809 such as a c-ring may be provided on the second dart 826 to engage a recess 819 in the bore 812 to limit upward movement of the second dart 826. The bore 812 is sufficiently sized to allow the first dart 816 to pass through and land in the seat 811 of the first receptacle sleeve 810. A cement bypass 830 is provided between the first receptacle sleeve 810 and the second receptacle sleeve 820 to allow the cement or other fluid to flow around the first dart 816 after landing. In one embodiment, openings 831, 832 are provided above and below the seat 811 to form the cement bypass 830.
In another embodiment, the first receptacle sleeve 810 is connected to the second receptacle sleeve 820 at a lower end, which in turn, is connected to the to the tubular body section 735. However, the first receptacle sleeve 810 is configured to receive the first dart 816 and the second receptacle sleeve 820 is configured to receive the second dart 826. The first and second receptacle sleeves 810 and 820 may be configured to receive the dartsm816, 826 in a similar manner as the first and second receptacles 410, 420 of
In one embodiment, an expansion assembly includes an expandable tubular coupled to a nose portion; a mandrel releasably coupled to the nose portion; an expander coupled to an exterior of the mandrel; and a receptacle sleeve disposed in the mandrel and attached to the nose portion, the receptacle sleeve configured to receive one or more bore obstruction objects.
In one or more of the embodiments described herein, the nose portion comprises an auto-fill device.
In one or more of the embodiments described herein, the nose portion comprises a rotatable section having an eccentric shape.
In one or more of the embodiments described herein, the first receptacle sleeve is configured to receive a first bore obstruction object, and the second receptacle sleeve is configured to receive a second bore obstruction object.
In one or more of the embodiments described herein, the first receptacle sleeve is configured to receive a first bore obstruction object and a second bore obstruction object.
In one or more of the embodiments described herein, each of the first bore obstruction object and the second bore obstruction object comprise a dart.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
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