Patent Application
20160280355
Commercial airplanes generally have two or more engine nacelles, each including a fan duct formed by walls circumferentially surrounding an engine core and the engine's fan respectively. Aircraft engines radiate intense heat during flight. To ensure that the heat produced by the engine does not adversely affect or damage the fan duct's inner wall, despite its proximity to the engine core, an insulation “blanket” is typically placed between the inner wall of the fan duct and the engine. The insulation blanket is substantially fireproof, typically comprised of an inorganic fibrous insulation material encapsulated between metal foil exterior layers. It is beneficial for an insulation blanket's metallic exterior to directly face the aircraft engine due to its ability to reflect radiant energy, and its ability to serve as a flame barrier. This metallic exterior may also serve as a moisture barrier to prevent the insulation blanket from absorbing engine oil and other fluids. The insulation blanket is typically fastened with various clips or other mechanical fasteners to an inner wall of the fan duct. The insulation blanket may comprise several panels of material that meet at various edges or splices. If the blanket becomes damaged or there is any leakage at these splices, the inner wall of the fan duct may be directly exposed to the engine heat and may be damaged thereby.
Embodiments of the present invention solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a distinct advance in the art by providing an improved method of heat shielding an inner wall of an aircraft fan duct or thrust reverser.
One embodiment of the method may include the steps of bonding a first layer of high temperature composite material to a first surface of an insulant material and bonding a second layer of high temperature composite material to a second surface of the insulant material, opposite the first surface. The first and second layers of high temperature composite material and the insulant material may together form a heat shield. Next, the method may include a step of bonding the first layer of high temperature composite material to the inner wall. Then, the method may include a step of positioning an insulation blanket between the heat shield and an aircraft engine. Specifically, the insulation blanket may be positioned such that the heat shield is located between the inner wall and the insulation blanket, with the second layer of high temperature composite material located between the insulant material and the insulation blanket.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method may further include mechanically fastening an insulation blanket to the heat shield and/or the fan duct or thrust reverser, such that the heat shield is located between the inner wall and the insulation blanket. Specifically, the second layer of high temperature composite material may be located between the insulant material and the insulation blanket once the insulation blanket is fastened.
Another embodiment of the invention is a heat shield system for shielding an inner wall of an aircraft fan duct or thrust reverser. The system may include a heat shield and an insulation blanket. The heat shield may include an insulant material with a first surface and a second surface opposite of the first surface, a first layer of high temperature composite material, and a second layer of high temperature composite material. The first layer of high temperature composite material may be bonded to the first surface of the insulant material and may be bondable to the inner wall. The second layer of high temperature composite material may be bonded to the second surface of the insulant material. The insulation blanket may be positioned outward of the second layer of high temperature composite material, such that the second layer of high temperature composite material is located between the insulant material and the insulation blanket. When this heat shield system is installed in the aircraft fan duct or thrust reverser, the heat shield may thus be located between the inner wall and the insulation blanket.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. Other aspects and advantages of the current invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawing figures.
Embodiments of the current invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
The drawing figures do not limit the current invention to the specific embodiments disclosed and described herein. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the invention.
The following detailed description of the invention references the accompanying drawings that illustrate specific embodiments in which the invention can be practiced. The embodiments are intended to describe aspects of the invention in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. Other embodiments can be utilized and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the current invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense. The scope of the current invention is defined only by the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
In this description, references to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, or “embodiments” mean that the feature or features being referred to are included in at least one embodiment of the technology. Separate references to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, or “embodiments” in this description do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment and are also not mutually exclusive unless so stated and/or except as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the description. For example, a feature, structure, act, etc. described in one embodiment may also be included in other embodiments, but is not necessarily included. Thus, the current technology can include a variety of combinations and/or integrations of the embodiments described herein.
A heat shielding system 10 constructed in accordance with embodiments of the present invention is illustrated in
The heat shield 26 may include an insulant material 30, a first layer 32 of high temperature composite material, and a second layer 34 of high temperature composite material. The insulant material 30 may include aluminosilicate fiber paper, ceramic fiber paper, and/or inorganic fiber aggregate material. Furthermore, the insulant material 30 may have a first surface 36 and a second surface 38 opposite of the first surface thereof.
The first layer 32 of high temperature composite material may be bonded to the first surface 36 of the insulant material 30 and bonded or configured to be bonded to the inner wall 12. The second layer 34 of high temperature composite material may be bonded to the second surface 38 of the insulant material 30. For example, adhesive may bond the insulant material 30 with the first and second layers 32,34 of high temperature composite material. Likewise, adhesive may bond the first layer 34 of high temperature composite material to the inner wall 12. However other methods of bonding, such as co-bonding or co-curing, may be used to bond together the components described herein without departing from the scope of the invention.
The first and second layers 32,34 of high temperature composite material may be made of fiberglass reinforced silicone, ceramic fiber reinforced silicone, and/or fiber reinforced elastomer. The first and second layers 32,34 of high temperature composite material may be substantially identical in shape, size, and composition. However, in some embodiments of the invention, the first and second layers 32,34 of high temperature composite material may have different shapes, sizes, and/or compositions from each other.
In some embodiments of the invention, the heat shield 26 may be made of a plurality of alternating layers of high temperature composite material and insulant material. For example, there may be three or four or more layers of high temperature composite material each separated by a layer of insulant material. Each of these insulant material layers may be bonded with adjacent high temperature composite material layers. As with the embodiment illustrated in
The insulation blanket 28 may be positioned between the aircraft engine 18 and the heat shield 26. Specifically, the insulation blanket 28 may be positioned outward of the second layer 34 of high temperature composite material, such that the second layer 34 is located between the insulant material 30 and the insulation blanket 28, and the heat shield 26 is thus located between the inner wall 12 and the insulation blanket 28, as illustrated in
The insulation blanket 28 may be mechanically attached to the inner wall 12 and/or the heat shield 26 using any attachment methods and devices known in the art. For example, bolts with heat-resistant covers may be placed through holes in the insulation blanket 28, heat shield 26, and inner wall 12 to fasten the insulation blanket 28 in position between the heat shield 26 and the aircraft engine 18. In some embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in
In use, a method for heat shielding the inner wall 12 of the aircraft fan duct 14 and/or thrust reverser 16 may include the steps of bonding the first and second layers 32,34 of high temperature composite material to the first and second surfaces 36,38 of the insulant material 30, respectively, and bonding the first layer 32 of high temperature composite material to the inner wall 12. Once the heat shield 26 is bonded to the inner wall 12, the method may include steps of positioning and/or attaching the insulation blanket 30 to the inner wall 12 and/or heat shield 26, creating dual layers of heat protection between the aircraft engine 18 and the inner wall 12.
Method steps for heat shielding the inner wall 12 of the aircraft fan duct 14 and/or thrust reverser 16 will now be described in more detail, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention. The steps of the method 300 may be performed in the order as shown in
The method 300 may include a step of bonding the first layer 32 of high temperature composite material to the first surface 36 of the insulant material 30, as depicted in block 302, and bonding the second layer 34 of high temperature composite material to the second surface 38 of the insulant material 30, as depicted in block 304. Specifically, steps 302 and 304 form the heat shield 26, which includes the first and second layers 32,34 of high temperature composite material and the insulant material 30.
Next, the method 300 may include a step of bonding the first layer 32 of high temperature composite material to the inner wall 12, as depicted in block 306. As noted above, the bonding steps described herein may be performed using adhesive or any co-curing or co-bonding techniques known in the art. The first layer 32 of high temperature composite material may cover all or a majority of the inner wall 12. However, in some alternative embodiments of the invention, the heat shield 26 may comprise a plurality of heat shield portions (not shown) that are spaced apart from each other when bonded to the inner wall 12. In this alternative embodiment of the invention, these spaced-apart heat shield portions may be centered at locations on the inner wall 12 corresponding to locations of splices between the insulation blanket's individual panels, as described above. Providing the heat shield only in splice areas may advantageously save on overall weight added to the inner wall 12 by the heat shield 26.
Finally, the method 300 may include the steps of positioning the insulation blanket 28 between the heat shield 26 and the aircraft engine 18, as depicted in block 308, and fastening the insulation blanket 28 to the inner wall 12 and/or the heat shield 26, as depicted in block 310. Specifically, the insulation blanket 28 may be positioned such that the heat shield 26 is located between the inner wall 12 and the insulation blanket 28, with the second layer 34 of high temperature composite material located between the insulant material 30 and the insulation blanket 28. As noted above, there may be a gap 40 between portions of the insulation blanket 28 and the heat shield 26, with portions of the insulation blanket 28 spaced a small distance apart from the second layer 34 of high temperature composite material. For example, at locations where the insulation blanket 28 is fastened to the inner wall 12, a gap or space may not exist, but locations inward of these attachment locations may have the gap 40 or a space between the insulation blanket 28 and the second layer 34 of high temperature composite material.
Although the invention has been described with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the attached drawing figures, it is noted that equivalents may be employed and substitutions made herein without departing from the scope of the invention as recited in the claims.
