BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
1. Field of the Disclosure
The present disclosure relates generally to apparatus and methods for formation fluid collection and testing.
2. Description of the Related Art
During both drilling of a wellbore and after drilling, fluid (oil, gas and water) from the formation is often extracted to determine the nature of the hydrocarbons in hydrocarbon-bearing formations. Fluid samples are often collected in sample chambers and the collected samples are tested to determine various properties of the extracted formation fluid. To drill a well, drilling fluid is circulated under pressure greater than the pressure of the formation in which the well is drilled. The drilling fluid invades into the formation surrounding the wellbore to varying depths, referred to as the invaded zone, which contaminates the original fluid present in the invaded zone. To collect samples of the original fluid present in the formation, a formation testing tool is conveyed into the wellbore. A pump typically extracts the fluid from the formation via a sealed probe placed against the inside wall of the wellbore. The initially extracted fluid is discarded into the wellbore while testing it for contamination. When the extracted fluid is sufficiently clean, samples are collected in chambers for further analysis. Single and concentric probes have been proposed for extracting formation fluid. In concentric probes, separate pumps are used to extract fluid from the formation via an outer probe and an inner probe. The outer probe extracts the fluid present around the inner probe, which aids in removing the contaminated fluid more efficiently and may prevent fluid from the wellbore to flow into the inner probe. When the contamination level is at an acceptable level, the fluid from the inner probe is pumped into sample chambers, while the fluid from the outer probe is discharged into the wellbore or into a sample chamber for analysis.
Current formation testing systems typically utilize two or more pumps to perform specific functions, such as to extract fluid from the formation. Such systems utilize a single (or common) hydraulic bus or line to supply pressurized fluid to operate hydraulically-operated devices, such as the pumps, flow control valves and other devices. During operation, it is desirable to independently operate some of the devices coupled to the single hydraulic line and/or turn on some, but not all, of the devices. It is also desirable to turn on and turn off such devices when needed to maintain desired pressure in the common hydraulic line to save energy used for pumping the pressurized fluid.
The disclosure herein provides a formation evaluation system that allows independent operation of two or more pumps using a common hydraulic bus.
SUMMARY
In one aspect, an apparatus for use in a wellbore formed in a formation is disclosed that in one embodiment includes a device for supplying a hydraulic fluid under pressure to a common hydraulic line, a first pump in hydraulic communication with the common hydraulic line via a first variable fluid control device, a second pump in hydraulic communication with the common hydraulic line via a second variable fluid control device, and at least one controller that controls flow of the hydraulic fluid from the first variable flow control device to the first pump and the flow of the hydraulic fluid from the second variable flow control device to the second pump to independently control the operation of the first pump and the second pump. In another aspect, the first pump is coupled to a first probe for extracting fluid from the formation.
In another aspect, a formation testing tool is disclosed for obtaining fluid samples from a formation. In one embodiment the formation testing tool includes a first probe and second probe surrounding the first probe, wherein each of the first probe and the second probe is configured to sealingly contact a wall of a wellbore formed in a formation. The tool further includes a power unit that supplies a hydraulic fluid under pressure to a common hydraulic line, a first pump in hydraulic communication with the common hydraulic line via a first variable flow control device, a second pump in hydraulic communication with the common hydraulic line via a second variable flow control device. The first pump is in fluid communication with the first probe for extracting fluid from the formation and the second pump is in fluid communication with the second probe for extracting fluid from the formation. A controller independently controls the supply of the hydraulic fluid from the common hydraulic line to the first and second variable flow control devices to independently control the operation of the first and second pumps.
Examples of certain features of the apparatus and methods disclosed herein are summarized rather broadly in order that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood. There are, of course, additional features of the apparatus and methods disclosed hereinafter that will form the subject of the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For detailed understanding of the present disclosure, references should be made to the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary formation testing system for obtaining formation fluid samples, according to one embodiment of the disclosure; and
FIG. 2 is a line diagram of a formation testing tool that includes a common hydraulic line for independently controlling two or more hydraulically-controlled devices, such as pumps for extracting fluid via probes from a formation and sensors for controlling selected operation of the pumps, according to one embodiment of the disclosure.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary formation evaluation system 100 for obtaining formation fluid samples and retrieving such samples for determining one or more properties of such fluid. The system 100 is shown to include a downhole formation evaluation tool 120 deployed in a wellbore 101 formed in a formation 102. The tool 120 is shown conveyed by a conveying member 103, such as a wireline, coiled tubing or a drilling tubular, from a surface location 104. In one embodiment, the tool 120 includes a fluid extraction or fluid withdrawal device 105 that includes an inner probe 110 and an outer probe 150. In one embodiment, probes 110 and 150 are concentric, as shown in FIG. 1. Probe 110 includes a fluid conduit or line 110a and a seal 110b, such as a pad or packer, around the conduit 110a. The outer probe 150 includes a conduit or fluid line 150a and a seal 150b around the conduit 150a. In one configuration, probes 110 and 150 may be extended from a tool body 121 radially outward toward the wellbore wall 101a. A pump 122 supplies a fluid 124 under pressure from a fluid chamber 126 to probes 110 and 150 via a fluid line 127 to extend and urge probes 110 and 150 against the inside wall 101a of the wellbore 101. Pads 160a and 160b on the opposite side of the fluid withdrawal device 105 are extended so that the probes 110 and 150, when extended, will urge against the wellbore wall 101a. A flow control device 128, such as a valve, associated with or in line 127, may be provided to control the flow of the fluid 124 to the probes 110 and 150.
A pump 130 is coupled to the inner probe 110 via a fluid line 132 for withdrawing fluid 111a from formation 102 via line 110a. To draw or extract fluid 111a from formation 102, pump 130 is activated, which extracts the fluid 111a into line 110a. The extracted fluid may be pumped into a chamber 136 via a flow control device 134 or discharged into the wellbore 101 via a fluid line 141 and the flow control device 134. A pump 140 is coupled to the outer probe 150 via a fluid line 142 for withdrawing fluid 111b from formation 102 via line 150a. To draw or extract fluid 111b from formation 102, pump 140 is activated to extract the fluid 111b into line 150a and thus line 142. The fluid withdrawn into line 142 may be discharged into the wellbore 101 via a line 144 and valve 145 or into a collection chamber 148 via line 146 and valve 147.
The tool 120 further includes a controller 170 that contains circuits 172 for use in operating various components of the tool 120, a processor 174, such as a microprocessor, a data storage device 176, such as a solid state memory, and programs 178 accessible to the processor 174 for executing instruction contained therein. The system 100 also includes a controller 190 at the surface that contains circuits 192, a processor 194, a data storage device 196 and programs 198 accessible to processor for executing instructions contained therein. Controllers 170 and 190 are in a two-way communication with each other and either alone or in combination may control the operation of the various devices in tool 120.
To obtain clean formation fluid samples, the tool 120 is conveyed and placed at a selected depth in the wellbore 101. Pads 160a and 160b are activated to contact the wellbore wall 101a. The inner probe 110 and outer probe 150 are activated to urge against the wellbore wall 101a to seal the probes 110 and 150 against the wellbore wall 101a. In one aspect, both the inner and outer probes 110 and 150 are activated simultaneously or substantially simultaneously. Pumps 130 and 140 are activated to draw the formation fluid into their respective probes. Activating pump 140 causes the fluid 111b around the probe 110 to flow into the outer probe 150, while activating pump 130 causes the fluid 111a to flow into the inner probe 110. The fluid initially drawn through the probes 110 and 150 (111a and 111b) is the fluid present in the invaded zone and is thus contaminated. A fluid evaluation or testing device 185 may be used to determine when the fluid 111a being withdrawn from probe 110 is sufficiently clean so that fluid samples may be collected. Similarly, a fluid evaluation device 186 may be utilized to determination the contamination level of the fluid 111b withdrawn from probe 150. Any device, including, but not limited to, an optical device, may be utilized for determining contamination in the withdrawn fluids. As long as the contamination in the fluid 111a being withdrawn from probe 110 is above a threshold or is otherwise not satisfactory, such fluid may be discharged into the wellbore 101 via a flow control device 135 and fluid line 141. Once the fluid 111a is clean (e. e., below a threshold), the fluid may be collected in sample chamber 136 by opening valve 134 and closing valve 135. The pump 140 continues to pump the fluid 111b from the probe 150 into the wellbore 101 or into chamber 148. The pumps and flow control devices in the tool 120 may be controlled by the controller 170 according to instructions stored in programs 178 and/or instructions provided by the surface controller 190. Alternatively, controller 190 may control the operation of one or more devices in the tool 120 according to instructions provided by programs 198.
Still referring to FIG. 1, in one embodiment, various devices in the tool 120, such as pumps 130 and 140, are hydraulically-operated devices and are controlled using a common hydraulic power unit 180 and a common or single hydraulic line 181a and a return line 181b. The hydraulic power unit 180 supplies a hydraulic fluid 180a under pressure to the common hydraulic line 181a, which fluid returns to the power unit 180 via the return line 181b. A variable flow control device 182 between the hydraulic line 181a and the pump 130 controls the supply of the hydraulic fluid 180c to pump 130, which controls the operation (for example speed) of the pump 130. Similarly, a variable flow control device 184 between the hydraulic line 181a and pump 140 controls the speed of the pump 140. Sensors S1 and S2 provide signals indicating end of the stroke in either direction of pump 130, while sensors S3 and S4 provide signals indicating end of the stroke in either direction of pump 140. Any suitable sensor, including, but not limited to, a magnetic switch and a Hall effect sensor, may be utilized for the purpose of this disclosure. Controllers 170 and/or 190 may be utilized to control the variable flow control devices 182 and 184 to independently control the pumps 130 and 140 and any other device in hydraulic communication with the hydraulic line 181a and to control starting and stopping of pumps 130 and 140 utilizing the signals provided by sensors S1, S2, S3 and S4, as described in more detail in reference to FIG. 2.
FIG. 2 is a schematic line diagram of a formation evaluation tool 200, according to one embodiment of the disclosure that may be utilized in the system shown in FIG. 1. The tool 200 includes an inner probe 210 and an outer probe 250. In the particular embodiment of tool 200, probes 210 and 250 are concentric with the probe 250 surrounding probe 210. A pump 230 extracts formation fluid 211a from the formation 260 into fluid lines 232, 232a and 232b and connection line 232c. A flow control device 220 controlled by downhole controller 170 and/or surface controller 190 discharges the formation fluid 211a from line 214 into the wellbore 201 as shown by arrow 215. A flow control device 226 may be provided to control the flow of fluid from the pump 210. A flow control device 222 is provided to enable the fluid 211a to flow into a sample chamber 236. When the flow control device 220 is open and flow control device 222 is closed, the fluid from line 214 discharges into the wellbore 210 and when the flow control device 220 is closed and the flow control device 222 is open, the fluid from line 214 flows into the sample chamber 236. In one aspect, the sample chamber 236 includes a fluid storage chamber 238a for collecting the formation fluid 211a from line 214 and a force application device 238b for causing the storage chamber 238a to receive such formation fluid from line 214 against a selected pressure that maintains the fluid in chamber 238a above the formation fluid bubble point. In one aspect, the sample chamber 236 has a force application device 238b that may include a chamber 238c with a pressurized gas 239 that applies pressure or force on a piston 238d in chamber 238a. In another aspect, chamber 238c may be opened to wellbore pressure (the hydrostatic pressure) so that chamber 238a receives the formation fluid against the hydrostatic pressure. A fluid identification device 285 associated with or placed in line 214 provides measurements for determining when the formation fluid 111a extracted by probe 210 is clean. The fluid identification device 285 may be any suitable device, including, but not limited to, an optical device. For the purpose of this disclosure “clean” means that the contamination, such as mud, present in the extracted fluid 111a is at an acceptable level or meets (i.e., is at or below) a threshold.
Still referring to FIG. 2, the tool 200 includes a hydraulic power unit 180 that supplies the hydraulic fluid 180a under pressure to the common hydraulic line 181a, which fluid returns to the hydraulic power unit 180 via return line 181b. A variable flow control device 281, such as an electrically-controlled variable flow control valve, may be provided to control the flow of the hydraulic fluid 180a into the common hydraulic line 181a. The controllers 170 and/or 190 control the operation of the hydraulic power unit 180 and the flow control device 282. In one aspect, flow control devices 283a and 283b are provided to cause the piston 231 of pump to reciprocate along directions 231a and 231b to extract the fluid 211a from the formation into one of the chambers 230a and 230b and expel such fluid from the other chamber into line 214. In one configuration, the flow control device 282 may be a variable flow control valve controlled by the controllers 170 and/or 190. To move the piston 231 of pump 230 in the direction 231a, flow control device 283b is activated or opened while the flow control device 283a is deactivated or closed. This causes the piston 231 to move in the direction 231a, expelling the fluid in chamber 230a into line 214 and causing chamber 230b to receive fluid from probe 210. To move the piston 231 in the direction 231b, flow control device 283b is closed and flow control device 283a is opened, which causes the fluid in chamber 230b to flow into line 214 and chamber 230a to receive fluid from the probe 210. The fluid from line 214 may then be expelled into the wellbore by opening valve 220 and closing the valve 222 or into the sample chamber 236 by closing valve 220 and opening valve 222.
Still referring to FIG. 2, pump 240 extracts the formation fluid 211b from the formation 260 via probe 250 and supplies the extracted fluid to line 244 via lines via lines 242, 242a and 242b and connection line 242c. The fluid 211b from line 244 may be selectively discharged into the wellbore 201 by opening a flow control device 262 and closing a flow control device 264 as shown by arrow 225 or into a collection chamber 288 by closing valve 262 and opening valve 264 as shown by arrow 227. A flow control device 256 may be provided to control the flow of the fluid 211b from pump 240. Additional flow control devices 266 and 270 may be provided to allow the fluid 211b to flow into line 214. A fluid identification device 275, such as an optical device, may be provided to determine the contamination level in the fluid 211b extracted from probe 240. Sensors 218a are provided to determine the pressure, temperature and flow rate of the fluid extracted via probes 210 and 250. Sensors 218b may be provided to determine pressure, temperature and flow rate of fluid through line 244.
Still referring to FIG. 2, sensor S1 provides a signal when the piston 231 of pump 230 is at the end of its stroke moving in the direction 231a and sensor S2 provides a signal when the piston 231 is at the end of the stroke moving in the direction 231b. Similarly, sensor S3 provides a signal when piston 241 of pump 240 is at the end of its stroke moving in the direction 241a and sensor S4 provides a signal when the piston 241 is at the end of the stroke moving in the direction 231b. In one configuration, when the piston 241 of pump 240 comes to an end of its stroke, for example traveling along the first direction 241a, the pump 240 stops and the signal from sensor S1 is sent to a local controller 290b. The controller 290b communicates with local controller 290a, which in turn causes the pump 230 to stop by controlling flow of the hydraulic fluid through a variable flow device 282 coupled to a common hydraulic line 184a. The controller 290b then causes the pump 240 to start by operating the variable flow control device 284 and valves 285a and 285b to cause the piston 231 to move in the second or opposite direction 241b. In this manner, each time piston 241 comes to the end of a stroke in a first direction, pump 230 is stopped by controlling the variable flow control device 282 coupled to the common hydraulic line 181a and then started when the piston 241 is caused to move in the second (opposite) direction by controlling the flow of the hydraulic fluid through the variable flow control device 282. Alternatively, signals from sensors S1 and S2 may be provided to the local controller 290a, which in turn sends such signals to the local controller 290b, which stops and starts pump 240 when the piston 231 of pump 240 stops and starts in the manner described above in reference to pump 240. In the configuration described above, pumps 230 and 240 are independently controlled using the common hydraulic line 181a. In another aspect, pumps 230 and 240 may be operated continuously without regard to when a pump stops. Also, controller 170 and/or 190 may be utilized to control the operation of pumps 230 and 240 in lieu of controllers 290a and/or 290b. Thus, in the configuration of the tool 200, each of the pumps 230 and 240 is independently controlled by selectively operating the flow control devices 282 and 284 from a common hydraulic line 181a. Other devices in the tool 200 may similarly be independently controlled utilizing the common hydraulic line 181a.
While the foregoing disclosure is directed to the embodiments of the disclosure, various modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is intended that all variations within the scope and spirit of the appended claims be embraced by the foregoing disclosure.
Patent Application
20140224474
