NONE.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to devices and methods for selective actuation of wellbore tools. More particularly, the present invention is in the field of control devices and methods for selective firing of a gun assembly.
2. Description of the Related Art
Hydrocarbons, such as oil and gas, are produced from cased wellbores intersecting one or more hydrocarbon reservoirs in a formation. These hydrocarbons flow into the wellbore through perforations in the cased wellbore. Perforations are usually made using a perforating gun loaded with shaped charges. The gun is lowered into the wellbore on electric wireline, slickline, coiled tubing, or other conveyance device until it is adjacent the hydrocarbon producing formation. Thereafter, a surface signal actuates a firing head associated with the perforating gun, which then detonates the shaped charges. Projectiles or jets formed by the explosion of the shaped charges penetrate the casing to thereby allow formation fluids to flow through the perforations and into a production string.
In some applications, two or more guns or gun compartments are assembled to form a gun train. It is common practice to sequentially fire such perforating gun trains. Each gun is made up of a number of shaped charges, each of which is contained in a separate gun compartment. The shaped charges are usually fired sequentially, beginning at the bottom of the gun or gun compartment. The first shaped charge to be fired is connected to a ground, and the firing of that shaped charge will, unless there is a malfunction, result in the removal of that ground connection and grounding the next shaped charge in the sequence. The firing of each shaped charge, unless there is a malfunction, will result in the removal of the ground connection for that shaped charge and grounding the next shaped charge in the sequence.
Another conventional method for detonating the perforating guns includes a rotary switch operated at the surface with which the several charges can be detonated. This method, however, has its disadvantages, primarily in that the number of charges which can be detonated in this manner is limited. Another conventional method permitting sequential “select fire” detonation of the charges starting at the bottom of the gun assembly, by sequentially applying direct current (d.c.) voltage of alternating polarity to the logging cable from the surface. In accordance with this method, the logging cable is electrically connected through a diode to the blasting cap attached to the charge on the bottom of the gun assembly, and this blasting cap is grounded. All other blasting caps attached to the other charges above the bottom charge are not grounded. Instead they are electrically connected to the diode and a dart which is mounted through an insulating gasket to the baffle plate. The diode is also connected to the logging cable. The dart is a device, well known in the trade, that seals the baffle from the portion of the gun assembly below, when the charge immediately below the dart has been detonated. Other conventional selective firing devices include multiple wire-multiple shot perforating guns. In these devices, a plurality of separate circuits are employed to fire a like plurality of small groups of perforating elements. Another conventional selective firing system is the single wire-multiple shot gun. In devices of this type, there are provided a plurality of spaced normally disarmed blasting cap-perforating element assemblages and an armed assemblage. When the armed assemblage is fired, the adjacent blasting cap-perforating element assemblage is armed through the use of a mechanically operated switch.
These conventional select fire systems for various reasons, such as capacity, reliability, cost, and complexity, have proven inadequate. The present invention addresses these and other drawbacks of the prior art.
In one aspect, the present invention provides systems, methods and devices for providing selective firing of a gun train formed of a plurality of guns. Conventionally, the guns each include a detonator assembly that detonates upon receiving a firing signal transmitted by a surface source. In one embodiment of the present invention, an operator provided in the gun train selectively couples one or more of the guns to the signal transmission medium. The operator has a safe state wherein the operator isolates the gun from the firing signal and an armed state wherein the operator enable the transmission of the firing signal to the gun. A control signal is used to move operator between the safe state and the armed state. In some embodiments, two or more guns are each provided with a separate operator. In other embodiments, one operator can selectively engage two or more guns.
In one mode of operation, a gun train formed of a plurality of guns is conveyed into a wellbore. At least one of the guns is provided with an operator that selectively conveys a firing signal (or any other similar signal) to a detonator associated with the gun. In one arrangement, the operator is connected to a signal transmission medium that can convey the firing signal from the surface source. The operator includes a conductive member that initially is disengaged from the detonator. Upon receiving a control signal, the conductive member engages the detonator. After the gun train is positioned at a desired depth in the wellbore, a surface source transmits a control signal to the operator. In response, the conductive member of the operator engages and establishes a signal path to the detonator. Thereafter, a firing signal is transmitted to detonate the detonator and the first gun.
It should be understood that examples of the more important features of the invention have been summarized rather broadly in order that detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood, and in order that the contributions to the art may be appreciated. There are, of course, additional features of the invention that will be described hereinafter and which will form the subject of the claims appended hereto.
For detailed understanding of the present invention, references should be made to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like elements have been given like numerals and wherein:
The present invention relates to devices and methods for selective firing one or more downhole tools. The present invention is susceptible to embodiments of different forms. There are shown in the drawings, and herein will be described in detail, specific embodiments of the present invention with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered an exemplification of the principles of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to that illustrated and described herein.
Referring initially to
In one embodiment of the present invention, a perforating gun train 32 is coupled to an end of the work string 28. An exemplary gun train includes a plurality of gun or gun compartments 34, 36, 38, each of which includes perforating shaped charges 40. The shaped charges 40 of each individual gun, e.g., gun 34, are configured to fire as a group. Other equipment associated with the gun train 32 includes a bottom sub 41, a top sub 42, and an accessories package 44 that may carry equipment such as a casing collar locator, formation sampling tools, casing evaluation tools, etc. To enable selective firing the individual perforating guns 34, 36, 38, a fire control sub 50 is coupled to one or more of the guns 34, 36, 38. By “selective” it is meant that any of the guns 34, 36, 38 can be fired simultaneously, sequentially, and in any order. Moreover, the guns 34, 36, 38 can be fired in selected groupings such as initial firing of gun 34 and the simultaneously firing of guns 36 and 38. The select fire devices 50 are configured to provide selective and controllable electrical and ballistic connections to the guns 34, 36, 38. In certain embodiments, the select fire system can be made to perform integral with the guns 34, 36, 38. In other embodiments, as is shown in
An exemplary select fire sub 50 controls the transmission of a firing signal from a signal source, which may be at the surface or downhole, to an associated gun 34, 36, 38. For example, the select fire sub 50 can selectively produce a gap 51 in the transmission medium conveying the firing signal. This gap or break in the transmission medium prevents a firing signal, whatever the form, e.g., electrical (analog or digital), ballistic, explosive, chemical, acoustic, etc., from initiating the donation of the guns 34, 36, 38. Thus, each individual gun 34, 36, 38 can be put into a “safe” mode wherein a gap or break in the transmission medium substantially isolates the gun from a firing signal and an “armed” mode wherein the gap or break is bridged to allow the fire signal to initiate the detonation of a gun.
Referring now to
The fire control sub 50 includes a modular mandrel or body 52 defining an interior space 54. Disposed in the interior space 54, is an operator 56 that is connected to the conductor bundle 64 and selectively couples or connects to the detonator 60. In the “safe” mode, a defined gap 51 is maintained between the operator 56 and the detonator 60. In the “armed” mode, the operator 56 closes the gap and forms a bridge through which the firing signal can pass from the conductor bundle 64 to the detonator 60. In this arrangement, this bridge is an electrical path but in other arrangements, the bridge can be a ballistic path, a hydraulic circuit, or other suitable transmission medium. One exemplary operator 56 includes a motor 68, a longitudinally movable shaft 70, and a contact head 72. Actuation of a motor 68 drives the shaft 70 longitudinally towards the detonator 60 until the contact head 72 mates with detonator 60. The shaft and contact head in the extended and contacted position are shown in hidden lines and labeled with numeral 71. In some arrangements, selected elements of the motor 68 and shaft 70 are made of conductive material such that the electrical circuit between the conductor bundle 64 and the detonator 60 is made up of the conductive portions of the shaft 70, the motor 68 and the contact head 72. It should be understood that some embodiments of the shaft 70 can be formed to mate with the detonator 60 without a contact head 72. Moreover, the motor 68 can be formed as a reversible motor to enable both closing and subsequent opening of the electrical circuit. In one arrangement, the operator 56 is configured to operate when supplied with electrical current of a first polarity (the control signal) and the detonator 60 is configured to be actuated by an electrical current of an opposite polarity (the firing signal).
While the gap 51 has been described as a void or space, it should be understood the term “gap” merely represents a discontinuity in the transmission medium. This discontinuity can also be formed by inserting a non-conductive material or insulator along the transmission path of the control signal.
While the operator 56 is shown as utilizing an electro-mechanical drive unit, the present invention is not limited to such devices. Rather, other drive units utilizing energy in the form of hydraulics, pneumatics, magnetics and explosives can also be use. For instance, the operator 56 can include a hydraulic or pneumatic pump that energizes a piston-cylinder arrangement. Other suitable arrangements can use frangible elements that, when fractured, releases a conductor that forms a bridge between the bundle 64 and the detonator 60.
Referring now to
In certain applications, a second control signal can be sent to the subs 50 to return to a “safe” mode. This may be advantageous, for example, if a malfunction has prevented a perforating gun from firing and the malfunctioning gun is to be extracted from the wellbore.
Referring now to
In one exemplary deployment of the
While arrangements utilizing longitudinal motion have been described, it should be understood that other arrangements can also be used. For example, members such as complementary rotating disks can be used to selectively establish transmission paths between a signal source and one or more perforating guns. Also, merely for brevity the use of the fire control subs 50 have been discussed with reference to perforating guns. It should understood, however, that the fire control sub 50 can be utilized with other downhole tools such as pipe cutters.
The foregoing description is directed to particular embodiments of the present invention for the purpose of illustration and explanation. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that many modifications and changes to the embodiment set forth above are possible without departing from the scope and the spirit of the invention. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such modifications and changes.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
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4656944 | Gonzalez | Apr 1987 | A |
5105742 | Sumner | Apr 1992 | A |
5490563 | Wesson et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
5531164 | Mosley | Jul 1996 | A |
6543538 | Tolman et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6672405 | Tolman et al. | Jan 2004 | B2 |
Number | Date | Country |
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2310871 | Sep 1997 | GB |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20070158071 A1 | Jul 2007 | US |