Patent Application
20110162379
The present invention generally involves an apparatus and method for supplying fuel. Specifically, the present invention includes a counter-swirling nozzle that may be used with a combustor in a gas turbine.
Gas turbines are widely used in commercial operations for power generation. It is widely known that the thermodynamic efficiency of a gas turbine increases as the operating temperature, namely the combustion gas temperature, increases. Higher temperature combustion gases contain more energy and produce more work as the combustion gases expand in the turbine. However, higher combustion temperatures often produce localized hot spots in the combustors, particularly along the combustor liners. The localized hot spots may increase wear along the liners, requiring more frequent inspections of the liners. In addition, higher combustion temperatures increase the generation of NOx which is an undesirable exhaust emission.
A variety of techniques exist to allow increased combustion temperatures while minimizing localized hot spots and undesirable emissions. For example, steam may be injected into the combustor to reduce the combustor flame temperature, thereby reducing or eliminating the production of NOx. However, steam injection requires additional and costly equipment.
The need exists for continued improvement in supplying fuel to a combustor. Ideally, the apparatus and method for supplying fuel will improve the uniformity of the fuel mixture to allow for more complete combustion of the fuel without producing hot spots in the combustor that lead to undesirable emissions.
Aspects and advantages of the invention are set forth below in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the invention.
One embodiment of the present invention is a nozzle. The nozzle includes a first plurality of ports angled to direct a first fluid in a first rotational direction, a second plurality of ports disposed around the first plurality of ports and angled to direct a second fluid in a second rotational direction; and a third plurality of ports disposed around the second plurality of ports and angled to direct a third fluid in a third rotational direction. The first, second, and third fluids are selected from the group consisting of a first fuel, a second fuel, a diluent, and a compressed working fluid.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a combustor that includes a liner peripherally surrounding a portion of the combustor to define a combustion chamber and a nozzle located at one end of the liner. Primary ports are disposed in the nozzle and angled to inject a first fuel in a first rotational direction. Secondary ports are disposed around the primary ports and angled to inject a second fuel in a second rotational direction, wherein the second rotational direction is opposite the first rotational direction. Tertiary ports are disposed around the second plurality of ports and angled to inject at least one of a diluent or a compressed working fluid in a third rotational direction, wherein the third rotational direction is opposite the second rotational direction.
The present invention also includes a method for supplying fuel through a nozzle. The method includes injecting a first fluid through a first plurality of ports in a first rotational direction, injecting a second fluid through a second plurality of ports in a second rotational direction, and injecting a third fluid through a third plurality of ports in a third rotational direction. The method further includes selecting the first, second, and third fluids from the group consisting of a first fuel, a second fuel, a diluent, and a compressed working fluid.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will better appreciate the features and aspects of such embodiments, and others, upon review of the specification.
A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof to one skilled in the art, is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification, including reference to the accompanying figures, in which:
Reference will now be made in detail to present embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The detailed description uses numerical and letter designations to refer to features in the drawings. Like or similar designations in the drawings and description have been used to refer to like or similar parts of the invention.
Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit thereof. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment may be used on another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Referring to
The primary assembly 38 is located in the center of the nozzle 36 and includes a first plurality of ports or primary ports 44. The primary ports 44 include passages through which a fluid, such as a first fuel, diluent, and/or compressed working fluid, flows. The primary ports 44 are angled to inject the fluid into the combustion chamber 32 in a first rotational (i.e., clockwise or counter-clockwise) direction.
The secondary assembly 40 is disposed around the primary ports 44 and includes a second plurality of ports or secondary ports 46. The secondary ports 46 include passages through which a fluid, such as a second fuel, diluent, and/or compressed working fluid, flows. The secondary ports 46 are angled to inject the fluid into the combustion chamber 32 in a second rotational (i.e., counter-clockwise or clockwise) direction. The second rotational direction may be the same as or opposite to the first rotational direction.
The tertiary assembly 42 is disposed around the secondary ports 46 and includes a third plurality of ports or tertiary ports 48. The tertiary ports 48 include passages through which a fluid, such as a first fuel, second fuel, diluent, and/or compressed working fluid flows. The tertiary ports 48 are angled to inject the fluid into the combustion chamber 32 in a third rotational (i.e., counter-clockwise or clockwise) direction. The third rotational direction may be the same as or opposite to the second rotational direction.
In the embodiment shown in
The angle of the primary 44, secondary 46, and tertiary 48 ports depends on several variables unique to each particular application. For example, ports angled closer to a line tangent to the nozzle perimeter impart more rotation to the injected fluid, but the injected fluid penetrates a shorter distance radially. Conversely, ports angled away from a line tangent to the nozzle perimeter impart less rotation to the injected fluid, but the injected fluid penetrates a greater distance radially.
Similarly, the size, number, and flow rate through the primary 44, secondary 46, and tertiary ports 48 may be selected according to the desired design goals. For example, the design goals may require that the first and second fuels provide a specific heating value for combustion. The size, number, and flow rate for the primary 44 and secondary 46 ports may thus be selected to achieve the desired heating value.
Computational fluid dynamic modeling has been performed to demonstrate the performance of nozzles and combustors falling within the scope of the present invention. A comparison was made between a baseline model, in which the fuel and diluent swirl in the same direction, and nozzles and combustors constructed according to embodiments of the present invention, in which the fuel and diluent swirl in opposite directions. The modeling indicates reduced carbon monoxide, indicative of fuel, near the combustion liner for the nozzles and combustors constructed according to embodiments of the present invention. The reduced carbon monoxide near the combustion liner is attributed to the counter rotational flow of the fuel and diluent which produced low swirling fluid exiting the nozzle into the combustion chamber. In addition, the modeling indicates that nozzles and combustors made according to embodiments of the present invention may reduce the combustion liner temperature by approximately 100 to 400 degrees Fahrenheit compared to the baseline model.
It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments of the invention set forth herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as set forth in the appended claims and their equivalents.
