Apparatus and Method for Using Tetrazine-Based Energetic Material

Abstract

The present invention comprises apparatus and methods employing a gas produced from a tetrazine-based energetic material such as that known as “BTATz” containing 3;6-BtS(1H-1,2,3,4-Tetrazol-5-ylamino)1-,2,4,5-tetrazine 3;6-BtS(1H-1,2,3,4-Tetrazol-5-ylamino)1-,2,4,5-tetrazine or salts thereof. The tetrazinebased energetic material is ignited through the use of a percussion cap, a piezoelectric crystal or a battery-supplied electric spark or by encapsulating it in a container that is then exposed to a burning flame. The gas produced upon ignition is employed a propellant such as to inflate life rafts, life vests, emergency evacuation slides, tires, air bags and other inflatable devices. The gas produced upon ignition is alternatively employed to power an engine and many other applications such as a fire suppressant.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to an apparatus and method for using tetrazine-based energetic materials. More particularly, this invention relates to an apparatus or method employing a gas produced from a tetrazine-based energetic material. This invention further relates to igniting the tetrazine-based energetic material. In some embodiments, the tetrazine-based energetic material is ignited through the use of a percussion cap, a piezoelectric crystal or a battery-supplied electric spark or by encapsulating it in a container that is then exposed to a burning flame. This invention further relates to using the gas produced upon ignition as a propellant such as to inflate life rafts, life vests, emergency evacuation slides, tires, air bags other inflatable devices. Still further, this invention relates to using the gas produced upon ignition in many other applications such as a fire suppressant or as an alternative vehicle fuel.

2. Description of the Related Art

Presently, tetrazine-based energetic materials are well-known, such as that known as “BTATz” containing 3;6-BIS(1H-1,2,3,4-Tetrazol-5-ylamino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine or salts thereof, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,458,227 and 6,657,059, the disclosures of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein. BTATz was developed by the Los Alamos Laboratory principally as an explosive for military applications. The gas produced by igniting BTATz has many beneficial properties that have been incorporated by the present invention in many commercial applications such using the gas as a propellant to inflate life rafts, life vests, emergency evacuation slides, tires, air bags and other inflatable devices or as an alternative vehicle fuel to power an engine and such as using the gas as a fire suppressant.

More specifically, by way of background in the inflation art, there exist many types of inflators designed to inflate inflatable articles such as personal floatation devices (life vests, rings and horseshoes), life rafts, buoys, emergency signaling equipment and emergency evacuation slides. Inflators typically comprise a body for receiving the neck of a gas cartridge of compressed gas such as carbon dioxide. A reciprocating piercing pin is disposed within the body of the inflator for piercing the frangible seal of the gas cartridge whereupon the compressed gas therein flows into an exhaust manifold of the inflator and then into the article to be inflated. Typically, a manually movable firing lever is operatively connected to the piercing pin such that the piercing pin pierces the frangible seal of the cartridge upon jerking of a ball lanyard. U.S. Pat. No. 3,809,288, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein, illustrates one particular embodiment of a manual inflator.

In the inflation art, the gas cartridge is usually sized to contain the volume of carbon dioxide necessary to inflate the article. Small inflatable articles such as life vests are inflated with a relatively small volume of carbon dioxide. Hence, smaller gas cartridges can easily be employed. Larger articles such as life rafts and emergency evacuation slides for aircraft, require significantly larger volumes of carbon dioxide. Hence, either larger gas cartridges, or a multiplicity of gas cartridges, or a combination of both, must be used in order to have a sufficient volume of carbon dioxide to fully inflate the article.

It is desirable in many applications in the inflation art to minimize the weight of the inflatable article. For example, in the aircraft industry, it is desirable to minimize the weight of every appliance in the aircraft including the gas cartridges used to inflate the life vests, life rafts and emergency escape slides. Likewise, in other applications it is often desired to minimize not only the weight but also the size of the gas cartridge employed in the inflatable equipment. Hence, there presently exists a need for lighter weight and smaller sources for inflation gas which produce the same or higher volume of a propellant than conventional carbon dioxide gas cartridges. In related inflation applications such as air bags and the like, there likewise exists a need for producing an environmentally safe gas to inflate the air bag. For example, with regard to air bags, it is noted that various prior art propellants have been used in automotive safety restraint air bags. Most of these prior art propellants are problematic due to excessive heat generated, high sensitivity to inadvertent ignition. Some may even be are toxic in their unburned or burned state. Current prior art air bag propellants often pose a risk to the environment and require special handling and disposal procedures. Additionally, many of the prior art pyrotechnic materials commonly used in automotive air bags pose a risk of being collected and reused as improvised explosive devices.

Related to minimizing harmful propellants used in air bags, in the fire suppressant art, there also presently exists a need for producing an fire-suppressing gas that is safe to humans. Likewise, there presently exists a need for an environment-friendly gas that can be employed as an alternative vehicle fuel to power an engine, thereby minimizing fossil fuel pollution and greenhouse gases.

Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide an improvement which overcomes the aforementioned inadequacies of the prior art and provides an improvement which is a significant contribution to the advancement of using BTATz in a large variety of applications.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

For the purposes of summarizing the invention, the present invention comprises apparatuses and methods employing a gas produced from a tetrazine-based energetic material such as that known as “BTATz” containing 3;6-BIS(1H-1,2,3,4-Tetrazol-5-ylamino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine or salts thereof, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,458,227 and 6,657,059, the disclosures of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein. In some embodiments, the tetrazine-based energetic material is ignited according to the present invention through the use of a percussion cap, a piezoelectric crystal or a battery-supplied electric spark or by encapsulating it in a container that is then exposed to a burning flame. The gas produced upon ignition is employed a propellant such as to inflate life rafts, life vests, emergency evacuation slides, tires, air bags and other inflatable devices. The gas produced upon ignition is alternatively employed to power an engine. Alternatively, according to the present invention, the gas produced upon ignition is employed in many other applications such as a fire suppressant.

More specifically, BTATz is employed as a deflagrating gas generating propellant to provide principally nitrogen gas as the inflation gas medium. The BTATz material is chosen, in part, due to the non-toxic nature of the effluent gasses produced from the deflagration of the material and its non-explosive nature as an energetic material. The effluent gas temperatures of BTATz remain sufficiently low and have a very rapid cooling rate to allow use of the propellant in traditional life vest, life raft and other emergency inflatable device gas containment bladder devices without thermal damage to the device or contact or exposure harm to the user.

The charge or grain shape of the BTATz material as employed in various embodiments of inflator may be of a variety of forms or shapes as specifically required with regard to time pressure curves desired for the inflation event. The grain shape may be alternately formed as a loose powder, a pelletized shape, a monolithic single grain charge or any number of specific geomemes required to provide the desired deflagration rate and gas generation, as well as any number of desired packaging arrangements suited to various inflators for various purposes, including, but not limited to; life vests, life rafts, aircraft emergency escape slides. Additionally, a variety of other chemicals may be added to the BTATz material to alter the performance with regard to deflagration rate, gas effluent temperature or other properties as required for specific environments or applications for the inflator device. The BTATz material may employ a binder material in order to form specific grain shapes as previously mentioned. Binder materials may include PVA, (polyvinylalcohol), PEA, (polyethylacrylate), or other appropriate chemical materials to provide a binding property to the base material in order to maintain a specific structure or formation such as pellets, spherical balls or a monolithic grain shape. Addition of a binder material to the BTATz has demonstrated a notable reduction in the electrostatic discharge spark sensitivity of the material. In order to reliably initiate deflagration of BTATz with binder material, inclusion of “neat” material (without binder), may be utilized as a primary, spark sensitive, charge to facilitate ignition when employing an electrical spark as ignition means.

In the several embodiments of the invention, the inflator may be initiated by either manual or automatic means or by a combination of manual and automatic methods. Initiation or ignition of the BTATz charge in the inflator mechanism may be by means of, but not limited to, a pyrotechnic primary charge such as a commercial primary or percussion cap, electrical or mechanical pyrotechnic squib, electric match, spark generated by a stored electrical energy source such as a battery or generated by means of a Piezoelectric device. In an automatic initiation mode the inflator device may be triggered by either mechanical or electronic means. Mechanical initiation may comprise a pull type lanyard and lever arrangement that alternately either releases a mechanical hammer or firing pin to strike a primary percussion cap or activates a Piezoelectric generator to produce electric spark across a conductive gap to initiate the BTATz propellant.

Optional automatic initiation may be by means of a water immersion sensing electronic circuit that will trigger release of battery stored electric energy to produce a spark, activate a pyrotechnic squib, initiate an electric match, or trigger the release of a mechanical hammer or firing pin to impact a primary or percussion pyrotechnic cap. Alternately, automatic initiation may be by means of a water-soluble bobbin that upon dissolving, releases a hammer or firing pin arrangement to strike a percussion or primary cap.

One embodiment of the inflator device includes an actuating lever and cam arrangement that provides for multiple striking impacts of the hammer or firing pin mechanism against the primary or percussion cap upon a single pull of the lever. Another embodiment of the inflator mechanism includes a similar lever and cam arrangement that provides for multiple actuations of a piezoelectric spark generator. Both multiple actuation mechanisms serve to provide a safety factor to insure activation of the BTATz deflagration event.

Containment of the BTATz gas generating charge may be in a separate metal, thermoplastic, thermosetting plastic or elastomeric container that is readily attachable and detachable from the inflator mechanism body to facilitate ease of arming and rearming the device. One embodiment of the charge container employs both the gas generating BTATz material and a percussion or primary cap. Another embodiment of the charge container includes electrical contact points and an internal conductive spark gap arrangement. Charge containers may have hermetic sealing to preclude moisture entry into the chemical charge and ignition components.

Charge containers may be of varying sizes and geometric configurations to contain various quantities of BTATz material, various grain geometries or various specialized connections for different specific inflator devices.

Another embodiment of the inflator includes a means of indicating alternately a fired or unfired, (ready), state by displaying an appropriate color indicator or by means of a physical indicator.

The inflator may be fabricated from thermoplastic, thermosetting polymer, metal, elastomeric material or any combination thereof.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the more pertinent and important features of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood so that the present contribution to the art can be more fully appreciated. Additional features of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and the specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a gas cartridge containing the BTATZ material fluidly connected to an inflatable article to inflate the article upon activation of the BTATZ material;

FIG. 2 is a cut-away view of a device using BTATz as a propellant for automotive safety restraint air bags;

FIG. 3 is a cut-away view of a device containing BTATz that may be thrown, propelled, dropped or otherwise introduced into a fire to suppress the same;

FIG. 4 is a cut-away view of a portable fire extinguisher containing BTATz;

FIG. 5 is a cut-away view of a solid-material fire extinguisher containing BTATz without other propellants;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a BTATz inflator including an electronic, water sensing trigger that ignites the BTATz material upon being submerged in a body of water;

FIG. 7 illustrates a BTATz tire inflator including an adjustable pop-off valve that limits the amount of gas pressure during inflation of the tire;

FIG. 8 illustrates a BTATz inflator that may be heat-sealed to a life vest or other inflatable; and

FIG. 9 illustrates a BTATz alternative fuel engine in which quantities of BTATz material are sequentially ignited to produce supplies of nitrogen gas to drive the engine.

Similar reference numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several figures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention comprises an apparatus and method for employing a gas produced from a tetrazine-based energetic material such as that known as “BTATz” as a propellant in one or more of the devices disclosed in the patents and patent applications listed in Table I appended hereto, the disclosures of each of the patents and patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein. More particularly, the BTATz propellant may be employed in any device, system or application, such as those described in Table I, in which a source of harmless gas is needed to be generated from a supply of material.

Without limiting the scope of the preceding paragraph, referring to FIG. 1, one embodiment of the invention comprises a gas cartridge 1-10 having an outlet 1-12 for fluid connection to an inflatable article, shown generally as reference numeral 1-14. The gas cartridge 1-10 comprises a conical reaction chamber 1-16 that contains the BTATZ material 1-18. The conical reaction chamber 1-16 is desired to control the gas evolution rate as the BTATZ material 1-18 burns linearly (which is believed to be achievable through use of a binder). The conical chamber 1-16 is hermetically sealed and screen-off by a cover 1-20 to prevent moisture egress and hold the BTATZ material 1-18 in place in the chamber 1-16. The conical chamber 1-16 is mounted within a cylindrical housing 1-22 which provides mechanical stability and creates an air gap that affords a low thermal conductivity, and thus a high resistance to heat transfer. A hemispherical dome 1-24 is positioned over the cover 1-20 to provide a headspace volume for the nitrogen gas to pressurize to drive Joule-Thompson cooling through the outlet 1-12. Respective crimping flanges 1-26 allows the aforementioned parts to be crimped into a single unit that will withstand the pressure of the entire gas discharge from the deflagration of the BTATZ material 1-18.

Another embodiment of the invention comprises using BTATz as a propellant for automotive safety restraint air bags. BTATz is particularly suited to be employed as a propellant for air bags due to its high nitrogen gas output and low gas temperatures. Also, the BTATz material is nontoxic and environmentally safe and is non-detonable, rendering it unusable for nefarious purposes, such as improvised explosive devices. The high nitrogen gas output of BTATz allows less propellant to accomplish inflation of the air bag restraint than with current commonly used materials.

More particularly, referring to FIG. 2, the air bag inflation device of the invention comprises a vented housing 2-10 in which is positioned an internal cavity 2-12 filled with the BTATz propellant 2-14. A firing cap/squib/igniter 2-16 is positioned within the bottom of the cavity 2-12 with its firing leads 2-16L extending through the housing 2-10 for connection to a firing mechanism. A space may be provided between the vents 2-18 of the housing 2-10 and the internal cavity 2-12 to receive a filter 2-20 therein. The filter 2-20 functions to filter the gas produced by the propellant 2-14 upon firing.

Upon sensing an impact, the air bag firing mechanism is actuated to produce an electrical signal to fire the firing cap 2-16, whereupon the BTATz propellant 2-14 ignites to produce the nitrogen gas that is then filtered to exit the housing 2-10 and inflate the airbag.

Another embodiment of the invention comprise an apparatus and method for employing a gas produced from a tetrazine-based energetic material such as that known as “BTATz” as a fire suppressant in one or more of the devices disclosed in the patents and patent applications listed in Table II appended hereto, the disclosures of each of the patents and patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein. More particularly, the BTATz propellant may be employed in any device, system or application, such as those described in Table I, in which a source of harmless gas is needed to be generated from a supply of material. More particularly, the fire suppressant nitrogen gas produced upon ignition of the BTATz material may be employed in any device, system or application, such as those described above, in which a source of fire suppressant gas is needed to be generated from a supply of material.

As shown in FIG. 3, in accordance with the spirit and scope of the invention and without limitation, one exemplary application includes filling a container 3-10 with the BTATz material 3-12 to be fully encapsulated therein. The container 3-10 is constructed of a material 3-14 such that when it is thrown, propelled, dropped or otherwise introduced into a fire, the material 3-14 constituting the container 3-10 is melted, burned, cracked-open or otherwise released to expose the BTATz material 3-12 to the fire, whereupon the BTATz material 3-12 is then ignited by the flames of the fire. Upon ignition of the BTATz material 3-12, a large volume of fire-suppressing nitrogen gas is produced to starve the fire of oxygen and thereby extinguish the fire. It is contemplated that the container 3-10 may comprise a variety of configurations and sizes for ease in being introduced into the fire.

More particularly, without limiting the spirit and scope of the invention, the container 3-10 may comprise a softball-sized flammable container 3-10 filled with the BTATz material 3-12 that is easily grasped by the human hand to be thrown into a burning fire. Once the soft-ball sized container 3-10 is in the fire, the flammable material 3-14 constituting the container 3-10 catches on fire whereupon the BTATz fire suppressant material 3-12 is ignited to produce a large volume of fire-suppressing nitrogen gas to extinguish the fire. Depending on whether the fire is burning in an enclosed space or is burning in the open, many of the soft-ball sized containers 3-10 may be thrown in as necessary to put out the fire. In the case of a forest fire, many, even thousands, of the soft-ball sized (or larger) containers 3-10 can be air-dropped into the fire.

As shown in FIG. 4, BTATz material 4-12 may be incorporated into portable fire extinguishers 4-16 with or without other propellants. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, similar to a conventional fire extinguisher 4-16 employing a propellant, a gas cylinder 4-18 may be partially filled via its opening 4-20 with the BTATz material 4-12. A conventional hand-operated dispensing valve/nozzle 4-22 is then installed in the opening and the cylinder 4-18 is pressurized with a gas 4-24. When needed to put out a fire, the nozzle 4-22 is pointed to the base of the fire and the valve 4-20 is actuated whereupon the pressurized gas 4-24 forces the BTATz material 4-12 from the bottom of the cylinder 4-18 up through a central tube 4-26 to then be propelled toward the base of the fire where it is ignited to produce a large volume of nitrogen gas that deprives the fire of oxygen thereby extinguishing the fire.

It is noted that the above-described “portable” extinguishers 4-16 may comprise a valve 4-22 that is actuated when a fire is sensed such that the extinguisher 4-16 may be mounted in a fixed location, such as in the bilge of a boat, to automatically release BTATz material 4-12 once a fire is detected.

The BTATz material may employed within a fire extinguisher 4-16 without a propellant. More particularly, a shown in FIG. 5, the valve 5-22 may include an igniter (e.g., squib, percussion cap or other electronic or mechanical spark-generator). With the cylinder 5-18 being filled with the BTATz material 5-12, it may be directly ignited by the igniter of the valve 5-22. Upon ignition within the cylinder 5-18, the expanding nitrogen gas produced from the burning BTATz material 5-12 pressurizes the cylinder 5-18. The pressurized cylinder 5-18 is thus “charged” and the nitrogen gas therein may then be immediately released (or released at will) to extinguish the fire (similar to gas fire suppression systems that store Halon, FM2000 or other fire-suppression gases). Indeed, igniter of the valve 5-22 may be remotely actuated via a sensor 5-30 in an area 5-32 to be protected (e.g., computer room). The container 5-12 may be fixedly mounted on one central location and its output 5-34 plumbed to the protected area 5-32 in which the sensor is located 5-30. In this manner, when a fire is detected in the protected area 5-32, the igniter of the valve 5-22 is actuated ignite the BTATz material 5-12 to produce a large volume of nitrogen gas which then flows through the piping 34 to be injected into the protected area 5-32 to extinguish the fire.

Thus, it should be appreciated that the BTATz fire suppressant material 5-12, coupled with an ignition system, may be used as a substitute for Halon or FM2000 in a large variety of fire suppression systems, such as those described in the above-listed patents and patent applications.

Referring to FIG. 6, in another embodiment of a BTATz inflator of the invention, a generally cylindrical BTATz charge container 6-10 is partially filled with an amount of BTATz material 6-12 and then the charge container 6-10 is filled with a primer charge 6-14. Preferably, a hollow central core 6-16 extends through the BTATz gas-generating charge 6-12 and the primer charge 6-14 of a specific grain shape that defines the burn rate of the BTATz material 6-12 once ignited by the primer charge 6-14. The charge container 6-10 is then sealed with a hermetic seal membrane 6-16 (e.g., a film). A particulate filter 6-18 is installed over the seal membrane 6-16 and then a vented cover 6-20 with a downward-extending igniter 6-22 is installed about the opened end of the charge container 6-10 with the igniter 6-22 extending into the hollow central core 6-16 of the primer charge 6-14. The exposed surface of the vented cover 6-20 includes swash-plate electrical contacts 6-24 electrically connected to the igniter 6-22 to fire the same upon application of an electrical voltage to the contacts 6-24. Upon firing of the igniter 6-22, the primer charge 6-14 is ignited which in turn ignites the main BTATz gas generating charge 6-12 to produce a supply of nitrogen gas at a rate determined by the grain shape employed. The nitrogen gas produced is vented from the charge container 6-10 via the vents in the cover 6-20.

The BTATz charge container 6-10 is dimensioned to be replaceably installed, preferably sealably, within a lower chamber of a generally cylindrical inflator housing 6-26 and held into position once installed by locking lugs 6-28 that lock into corresponding locking grooves 6-30 formed in the lumen of the inflator housing 6-26. The exposed end of the charge container 6-10 includes a finger tab 6-30 to facilitate installation of a fresh charge container 6-10 and then removal once the charge container 6-10 is spent (i.e., fired).

An exhaust port 6-32 is located in the lower chamber of the inflator housing 6-26 above the vents of the cover 6-20 of the charge container 6-10 such that upon ignition of the main BTATz gas generating charge 6-12 to produce the supply of nitrogen gas, the gas being vented therefrom is exhausted via the exhaust port 6-32 into the article to be inflated.

The inflator housing 6-26 further includes a separate upper chamber sealed from the lower chamber by an intermediate divider wall 6-34. The upper chamber contains an water-activated electronic assembly, generally indicated by numeral 6-36, that functions to supply a firing voltage to the electrical contacts 6-24 of the igniter 6-22 to fire the same when the inflator housing 6-26 is submerged in a body of water. More specifically, the electronic assembly 6-36 comprises a pair of water immersion contact sensors 6-38 extending through a wall of the upper chamber of the housing 6-26. The sensors 6-38 are electrically connected to a controller 6-40 contained within the upper chamber. The controller 640 optionally is composed of discrete electrical components, integrated circuits or a microcontroller powered by a battery source 642 also contained within the upper chamber. The controller 640 senses when the sensors 6-38 have been submerged in a body of water.

The controller 6-40 further comprises output contacts 642 that extend through the intermediate wall 6-34 to make electrical contact with the respective swash plate electrical contacts 6-24 of the igniter 6-22 when the charge container 6-10 is installed in the lower chamber of the housing 6-26. When the controller 6-40 senses that the sensors 6-38 have been submerged in a body of water, it produces an output voltage to its output contacts 6-42 to fire the igniter 6-22.

It is noted that optionally the controller 6-40 may further include a red/green status indicator LED 6-44 that extends through the wall of the upper chamber of the housing 6-26 to indicate the firing condition (i.e., green for ready and red indicating a spent charge container 6-10, low battery or other inoperative condition) of the inflator. Further optionally, the operation of the controller 640 may be controlled by an on/off mode switch 6-46 extending through the wall of the upper chamber housing 6-26. It is further noted that the sensors 6-38, the indicator LED 6-44 and the mode switch 6-46 are preferably sealed as they extend through the wall of the upper chamber to preclude any moisture from entering the upper chamber and otherwise damaging the operation of the controller 6-40. Finally, it is noted that the end of the upper chamber may be removable to allow replacement of the battery 642.

As shown in FIG. 7, still another embodiment of the BTATZ inflator of the invention, similar to that of FIG. 6, but configured to function as a tire inflator 7-10. More specifically, the tire inflator 7-10 of the invention comprises a generally cylindrical housing 7-12 that sealingly receives at is proximal end a replaceable BTATz charge container 7-14 by circumferential mating threads 7-16 on the outside of the charge container 7-14 and the lumen of the housing 7-12.

The charge container 7-14 includes a threaded vented cap 7-18 allowing filling. The charge container 7-14 is filled with a supply of BTATz material. A spark gap 7-16 is formed in the upper end of the charge container 7-14 for creating a spark when voltage is applied to its leads 7-18. The firing spark created is injected into the charge container 7-14 to ignite the BTATz material therein. As described above in relation to FIG. 6, the BTATz material may include a hollow core with a desired grain shape to control the degree of burning and hence the rate at which the nitrogen gas is produced. The nitrogen gas produced upon burning of the BTATz material is vented from charge container 7-14 into the distal end of the housing 7-12.

A piezoelectric mechanism 7-20 is mounted to the wall of the distal end of the housing 7-12. The piezoelectric mechanism 7-20 comprises a push-button 7-22 that when pressed, creates a spark of voltage by the piezoelectric that is supplied by internal electrical leads 7-24 to the leads 7-18 of the spark gap 7-16. Thus, it should be appreciated that upon depressing the push-button 7-22, the piezoelectric fires to create a spark of voltage that is supplied to the spark gap 7-16 to ignite the BTATz material in the charge container 7-14, whereupon the nitrogen gas produced therein is vented into the distal end of the housing 7-12.

The distal end of the housing is 7-12 is preferably tapered to receive a valve 7-26 that is designed to open a conventional inflation valve of a standard automotive tire, commonly referred to as a Schrader Valve. Consequently, during use to fill a tire, the valve 7-26 may be engaged into the tire's Schrader Valve and the push-button 7-22 depressed to fire the BTATz charge container 7-14, whereupon the nitrogen gas produced flows into the tire to inflate the same.

Preferably, in order to prevent over-inflation of the tire, a presettable pressure-limiting mechanism 7-28 is incorporated into the housing 7-12 to automatically exhaust gas pressure to the atmosphere whenever the pressure of the gas exceeds the presettable pressure. IN one embodiment, the presettable pressure-limiting mechanism comprises an adjustable pop-off relief valve 7-30 whose pop-off pressure is presettable by a dial 7-32 with a pressure indicator lines 7-34 formed thereon. The indicator lines 7-34 allows informed dialing of the desired presettable pressure (e.g., 30 psi) whereupon any excess gas pressure is automatically vented from the housing 7-12, thereby assuring that the tire is inflated only to such desired pressure (e.g., 30 psi).

As shown in FIG. 8, a further embodiment of the BTATz inflator of the invention comprises an inflator 8-10 that employs a percussion cap 8-12 to ignite a charge container 8-14 filled with BTATz material 8-14. In the specific embodiment illustrated, an inflator housing 8-16 comprises a generally rectangular configuration having a peripheral flange 8-18 that is intended to be heat-sealed to an inflatable article such as a life vest, life raft, evacuation chute or the like. The underside of the inflator housing 8-16 includes an exhaust port 8-20 fluidly connected to interior of the inflatable article to inflate the same upon firing of the charge container 8-14.

Similar to the previous embodiments disclosed above, the charge container 8-14 comprises a generally cylindrical design that is removably installed into the inflator housing 8-16, preferably sealingly by means of an O-ring 8-22. The vented end cover of the charge container 8-14 allows filing with a desired quantity of BTATz material which, upon ignition, produces a desired volume of nitrogen gas to inflate the inflatable article.

The vented end cover of the charge container 8-14 comprises a percussion cap seat 8-24 configured to receive a percussion cap 8-26. The percussion cap 8-26 functions upon striking to inject a spark into the charge container 8-14 to ignite the BTATz material contained therein.

A firing mechanism, generally indicated by numeral 8-28, is provided to strike the percussion cap 8-26 one or more times upon the jerking of a lanyarded pull handle 8-30. More specifically, the firing mechanism 8-28 comprises a generally cylindrical firing hammer 8-32 reciprocatingly positioned within an elongated bore 8-34 that is forcibly urged toward the percussion cap 8-26 by a firing spring 8-34. An O-ring 8-36 is fitted about the firing hammer 8-22 to seal with the bore 8-34, thereby precluding any blow-by of the nitrogen gas upon firing.

The lanyarded pull handle 8-30 is coupled to a pivotal trigger lever 8-36. The trigger lever 8-36 includes at least one lobe 8-38 in alignment with an integral tang 8-38 extending transversely from the firing hammer 8-32. As the pull-handle 8-30 is jerked, the lobe 8-38 pulls back the firing hammer 8-32 against the force of the firing spring 8-34 as the trigger lever 8-36 is pivoted until the lobe 8-38 slips off of the tang 8-38 to release the spring-loaded firing hammer 8-22. Upon releasing of the spring-loaded firing hammer 8-22, the hammer 8-22 is forcibly urged by the spring 8-34 toward the percussion cap 8-26 to strike the same and cause it to fire, thereby producing the nitrogen gas that is then vented from the charge container 8-14 from the housing 8-16 via exhaust port 8-20 to inflate the inflatable article.

As illustrated, preferably the trigger lever 8-36 includes plural lobes 8-34 (e.g., three) such that upon a single jerking of the pull handle 8-30, each of the lobes 8-34 sequentially pulls back the firing hammer 8-32 and then slips off the tang 8-38, thereby firing the hammer 8-

A control unit 9-12 receives a signal from a pressure transducer 9-18 when the gas pressure in the storage tank drops below a predetermined level, at which point the control unit 9-12 provides an electric current to the igniter 9-11 to fire a BTATz charge in the combustion chamber 9-10. The combustion chamber may contain several BTATz charges, which can be independently fired as needed to maintain the predetermined pressure level in the storage tank 9-6.

In the event of an over-pressure condition in the storage tank, an emergency pressure relief valve 9-4 opens and exhausts gas to the atmosphere through an exhaust tube 9-5. Once the gas pressure drops to the determined safe level, the relief valve 9-4 closes.

The present disclosure includes that contained in the appended claims, as well as that of the foregoing description. Although this invention has been described in its preferred form with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure of the preferred form has been made only by way of example and that numerous changes in the details of construction and the combination and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Now that the invention has been described,

TABLE I
PROPELLANT APPARATUSES AND METHODS
Publication
Number    Title
RE36,296  Propellant composition for automotive safety applications
RE30,327  Inflator seal
RE36,587  Inflatable seat belt having bag filter
RE36,661  Inflatable seat belt with leak detection device
RE33,938  Aspirating/venting air bag module assembly
3,934,984 Gas generator
3,938,826 Aspirated vehicle occupant restraint system
3,942,051 Shock actuated electrical pulse generator
3,942,819 Safety belt tensioning device
3,966,226 Fluid supply for occupant restraint system
3,971,322 Pressure actuated tube primer
4,008,830 Liquid dispenser using a non vented pump and a collapsible plastic bag
4,023,643 Deceleration-responsive passenger-restraining device for motor vehicles
4,050,483 Inflation surge delay
4,061,088 Electric detonating fuse assembly
4,179,327 Process for coating pyrotechnic materials
4,198,075 Safety installation in motor vehicles with a knee impact element
4,200,615 All-pyrotechnic inflator
4,203,786 Polyethylene binder for pyrotechnic composition
4,203,787 Pelletizable, rapid and cool burning solid nitrogen gas generant
4,238,253 Starch as fuel in gas generating compositions
4,243,248 Air bag system for the protection of the passengers of motor vehicles in case of
          accidents
4,244,758 Ignition enhancer coating compositions for azide propellant
4,246,051 Pyrotechnic coating composition
4,249,632 Safety device for the protection of pedestrians
4,369,079 Solid non-azide nitrogen gas generant compositions
4,369,707 Short circuit fuse for electrical igniters
4,370,181 Pyrotechnic non-azide gas generants based on a non-hydrogen containing tetrazole
          compound
4,370,930 End cap for a propellant container
4,397,596 Method of making container for gas generating propellant
4,414,902 Container for gas generating propellant
4,424,914 Air bag explosive device
4,437,681 Inflator for a protective inflatable cushion system
4,441,632 Soft shell aerosol dispenser unit
4,462,244 Apparatus for field testing a smoke detector
4,484,577 Drug delivery method and inhalation device therefor
4,533,416 Pelletizable propellant
4,580,810 Air bag system
4,600,123 Propellant augmented pressurized gas dispensing device
4,604,151 Method and compositions for generating nitrogen gas
4,664,234 Self pressurized damper
4,706,990 Mechanical impact sensor for automotive crash bag systems
4,758,287 Porous propellant grain and method of making same
4,761,254 Method of and apparatus for fabricating a tool to form an asymmetrical constant
          cross section bore in the propellant in a solid rocket motor
4,766,799 Method of and apparatus for fabricating a tool to form an asymmetrical constant
          cross section bore in the propellant in a solid rocket motor
4,798,142 Rapid buring propellant charge for automobile air bag inflators, rocket motors, and
          igniters therefor
4,806,180 Gas generating material
4,834,817 Gas-generating composition
4,845,377 Circuit arrangement for the actuation of a safety system
4,864,086 Vehicle deceleration sensor
4,865,635 Filter assembly for non-welded inflator device
4,865,667 Gas-generating composition
4,877,264 Aspirating/venting air bag module assembly
4,881,754 Safety device for the occupant of the central rear seat position in a motor vehicle
4,890,860 Wafer grain gas generator
4,902,036 Deflector ring for use with inflators with passive restraint devices
4,907,819 Lightweight non-welded gas generator with rolled spun lip
4,913,461 Airbag module and method of making same
4,915,410 Vehicle air bag module and method of assembly
4,915,411 Crash sensor with improved activation for stabbing primer
4,919,897 Gas generator for air bag
4,923,212 Lightweight non-welded inflator unit for automobile airbags
4,927,172 Mechanical acceleration sensor
4,928,991 Aspirating inflator assembly
4,938,140 Deceleration sensor
4,938,501 Inflator housing structure
4,944,527 Integral retainer, heat shield and assembly
4,955,638 Deceleration sensor having safety catch means
4,981,534 Occupant restraint system and composition useful therein
4,982,664 Crash sensor with snap disk release mechanism for stabbing primer
4,998,751 Two-stage automotive gas bag inflator using igniter material to delay second stage
          ignition
5,002,309 Automatic mobile
5,005,486 Igniter for airbag propellant grains
5,015,311 Primary/detonator compositions suitable for use in copper cups
5,019,192 Primary/detonator compositions suitable for use in aluminum cups
5,019,220 Process for making an enhanced thermal and ignition stability azide gas generant
5,022,674 Dual pyrotechnic hybrid inflator
5,024,160 Rapid burning propellant charge for automobile air bag inflators, rocket motors, and
          igniters therefor
5,031,932 Single pyrotechnic hybrid inflator
5,033,772 Hybrid inflator
5,035,757 Azide-free gas generant composition with easily filterable combustion products
5,043,030 Stab initiator
5,046,429 Ignition material packet assembly
5,058,921 Linear bilateral inflator module
5,060,974 Gas inflator apparatus
5,062,365 Rapid burning propellent charge for automobile air bag inflators, rocket motors, and
          igniters therefor
5,066,038 Driver side hybrid inflator and air bag module
5,071,161 Air bag restraint system with venting means
5,076,607 Hybrid inflator
5,078,422 Gas inflator apparatus
5,089,069 Gas generating composition for air bags
5,091,992 Motorcyclist's air strips
5,092,750 Device for the compression and storage of air
5,098,123 Electrothermal inflatable restraint system
5,100,172 Inflator module
5,104,727 Air bag laminates
5,128,177 Method and apparatus of coating a vehicle frame
5,140,906 Airbag igniter having double glass seal
5,143,567 Additive approach to ballistic and slag melting point control of azide-based gas
          generant compositions
5,149,129 Gas generator
5,160,386 Gas generant formulations containing poly(nitrito) metal complexes as oxidants and
          method
5,161,820 Inflatable air bag safety device for motor vehicles
5,165,830 Mass transit vehicle
5,179,982 Apparatus for discharging a fluid and, more particularly, for spraying a liquid
5,184,846 Inflator assembly
5,197,758 Non-azide gas generant formulation, method, and apparatus
5,197,759 Air bag collision safety device
5,199,740 Hybrid inflator for air bag
5,203,427 Fire escape ladder with integral air cushion
5,207,450 Aspirated air cushion restraint system
5,221,107 Prefilter assembly
5,223,184 Enhanced thermal and ignition stability azide gas generant
5,224,734 Gas generator for air bags having vertical stack arrangement
5,230,287 Low cost hermetically sealed squib
5,233,141 Spring mass passenger compartment crash sensors
5,236,675 Gas generator with circumferential joints
5,243,492 Process for fabricating a hermetic coaxial feedthrough
5,246,083 Inflatable air bag for motor vehicles
5,249,826 Inertial mass safety system activation for personal vehicles
5,255,938 Tubular gas generator for an inflatable impact cushion
5,256,904 Collision determining circuit having a starting signal generating circuit
5,257,818 Apparatus for rapidly changing the temperature of a device in an inflatable restraint
          system
5,257,819 Hybrid inflator
5,259,644 Ignition unit, in particular for an air bag gas generator
5,260,038 Gas generator for air bags with circumferentially disposed blades
5,263,740 Hybrid air bag inflator
5,273,311 Gas generator
5,273,722 Gas generator
5,277,440 Air bag retention device
5,286,054 Aspirating/venting motor vehicle passenger airbag module
5,294,414 Gas generator, in particular, a tubular gas generator for an air bag
5,295,709 Inertial mass safety system activation of an air bag in personal vehicles
5,305,914 Pressurized gas bottle discharge device
5,308,108 Manifold or retainer for a gas generator
5,309,138 Vehicle collision detecting method employing an acceleration sensor
5,314,203 Driver-side module attach bracket
5,320,382 Pulsed pressure source particularly adapted for vehicle occupant air bag restraint
          systems
5,322,018 Surface-initiating deflagrating material
5,322,322 Side impact head strike protection system
5,324,075 Gas generator for vehicle occupant restraint
5,331,126 Pressure switch apparatus for monitoring pressure level in an enclosed chamber and
          methods of calibrating same and for making a movable contact arm for use therewith
5,338,061 Air bag having double-wall construction
5,340,147 Air bag inflator assembly
5,342,081 Air bag module with top mounted bag
5,345,873 Gas bag inflator containing inhibited generant
5,345,875 Gas generator
5,345,876 Hybrid inflator
5,351,619 Gas generator ignited by lamina or film
5,351,988 Hybrid inflator with staged inflation capability
5,354,094 Air-bag arrangement
5,360,956 Acceleration sensor for vehicle
5,362,100 Control circuit for a compressed gas inflator device
5,364,127 Inflator assembly
5,372,380 Filter and method of forming
5,372,381 Air bag with inflatabe ribs
5,374,407 Gas generator with porous outer wall
5,378,011 Air bag assembly
5,378,012 Lid structure of air bag system
5,378,018 Process for inflating a gas cushion and safety system of the air bag type
5,383,388 Starting device
5,387,296 Additive approach to ballistic and slag melting point control of azide-based gas
          generant compositions
5,388,322 Method of making a shatterproof air bag inflator pressure vessel
5,397,543 Gas generator
5,398,967 Air bag inflator
5,401,340 Borohydride fuels in gas generant compositions
5,403,035 Preparing air bag vehicle restraint device having cellulose containing sheet
          propellant
5,403,036 Igniter for an air bag inflator
5,404,263 All-glass header assembly used in an inflator system
5,406,889 Direct laser ignition of ignition products
5,407,728 Fabric containing graft polymer thereon
5,419,875 Gas generator with novel nozzle structure
5,419,975 Inorganic ceramic paper, its method of manufacture and articles produced therefrom
5,429,691 Thermite compositions for use as gas generants comprising basic metal carbonates
          and/or basic metal nitrates
5,431,101 Low cost hermetically sealed squib
5,431,102 Mechanical acceleration sensor
5,431,448 Three-point safety belt system for motor vehicles
5,437,188 Tell tale device for a pressure vessel
5,437,229 Enhanced thermal and ignition stability azide gas generant intermediates
5,439,250 Inflator for air bag device
5,439,537 Thermite compositions for use as gas generants
5,454,586 Driver side air bag module with extruded housing
5,457,991 Mechanical acceleration sensor
5,458,706 Solid pyrotechnic compositions with a thermoplastic binder and a polybutadiene
          silylferrocene plasticizer
5,460,407 Restraint system for vehicle occupants having laser ignition for an air bag gas
          generator
5,462,306 Gas generator for vehicle occupant restraint
5,462,308 Occupant protecting system for vehicle
5,464,246 Inflatable tubular cushions for crash protection of seated automobile occupants
5,466,002 Inflatable seat belt with leak detection device
5,466,003 Inflatable seat belt having bag filter
5,468,013 Dual air bag system for occupant restraint
5,470,104 Fluid fueled air bag inflator
5,472,534 Gas generant composition containing non-metallic salts of 5-nitrobarbituric acid
5,474,328 Stored gas hybrid driver inflator
5,480,181 Side impact head strike protection system
5,486,210 Air bag fabric containing graft polymer thereon
5,486,248 Extrudable gas generant for hybrid air bag inflation system
5,487,561 Safety bag inflation apparatus using a liquid propellant gas generator
5,489,118 Air bag inflator
5,492,364 Rupturable plastic housing for an air bag inflator
5,494,312 Autoignition of a fluid fueled inflator
5,501,152 Air bag gas generator with spontaneous ignition agent
5,503,079 Linear gas generant and filter structure for gas generator
5,504,288 Sensor for use with air bag inflator and method for making
5,507,890 Multiple layered gas generating disk for use in gas generators
5,507,891 Propellant composition for automotive safety applications
5,513,572 Hybrid inflator
5,516,146 Fastenerless airbag mounting
5,516,377 Gas generating compositions based on salts of 5-nitraminotetrazole
5,518,271 Inertial mass safety system activation of a seat belt restraint system in personal
          vehicles
5,525,306 Gas generator system
5,527,062 Air bag apparatus for impact protection
5,527,067 Gas generator formed with electron beam welding
5,529,337 Air bag device
5,531,473 Fluid fuel-containing initiator device for an air bag inflator
5,531,941 Process for preparing azide-free gas generant composition
5,536,040 Inflator for side impact air bag
5,538,567 Gas generating propellant
5,538,568 Extrudable gas generant for hybrid air bag inflation system
5,542,688 Two-part igniter for gas generating compositions
5,542,695 Air bag deployment system
5,542,701 Wire track with integral sealing mechanism and inflator
5,542,997 Gas-generating mixture
5,544,687 Gas generant compositions using dicyanamide salts as fuel
5,544,913 Protective device for protecting vehicle occupant
5,544,916 Two piece inflator housing
5,547,214 Side impact soft pack air bag module
5,547,217 Air bag inflator and method of manufacture thereof
5,549,769 High temperature stable, low input energy primer/detonator
5,551,343 Special geometry generant bodies for automotive gas bag inflator
5,551,725 Vehicle airbag inflator and related method
5,552,472 Fabric containing graft polymer thereon
5,553,888 Snap-on, removable steering wheel with integral airbag housing
5,556,127 Seat mounted side impact module
5,556,132 Vehicle occupant restraint with auto ignition material
5,557,061 High temperature stable, low input energy primer/detonator
5,560,642 Driver air bag module assembly
5,562,303 Pyrotechnic mixture and gas generator for an airbag
5,564,734 Door mounted air bag assembly
5,566,543 PVC-based gas generant for hybrid gas generators
5,566,972 Air bag device
5,567,536 Inorganic ceramic paper, its method of manufacturing and articles produced
          therefrom
5,570,904 Air bag inflator with movable container
5,571,988 Gas-producing material
5,575,497 Method for developing air bag for vehicle
5,575,499 Inflator for air bag device
5,577,769 Hybrid inflator for inflating air bags
5,580,086 Crash protection method and apparatus
5,582,422 Inflator mounting structure
5,582,426 Vented ignition cup in stored fluid inflator
5,584,505 Inflator assembly
5,585,597 Air bag inflator
5,586,386 Sensor for use with air bag inflator and method for making
5,586,782 Dual pressure side impact air bag
5,589,141 Use of mixed gases in hybrid air bag inflators
5,592,812 Metal complexes for use as gas generants
5,593,180 Dual chamber inflator for side impact air bag
5,597,179 Airbag inflation devices and methods
5,601,308 Inflator, inflation fluid heater and assembly methods
5,607,180 Airbag inflation devices and methods
5,607,181 Liquid-fueled inflator with a porous containment device
5,615,914 Inflatable metal bladders for automobile passenger protection
5,622,380 Variable nonazide gas generator having multiple propellant chambers
5,624,134 Gas generator formed with electron beam welding
5,628,528 Dual chamber nonazide gas generator
5,630,616 Seat frame integrated air bag inflator
5,630,618 Hybrid inflator with a valve
5,635,665 Linear gas generant and filter structure for gas generator
5,639,116 Instrument panel structure in vehicle
5,642,904 Two piece inflator housing
5,648,634 Electrical initiator
5,649,466 Method of rapidly deploying volume-displacement devices for restraining movement
          of objects
5,652,389 Non-contact method and apparatus for inspection of inertia welds
5,653,464 Airbag system with self shaping airbag
5,658,011 Air bag apparatus of a tire's air pressure sensing system for a vehicle
5,659,150 Gas generating composition with cyanamide and transition metal nitrate
5,659,295 Sliding piston pressure sensing device
5,660,412 Hybrid inflator
5,660,606 Inflator filter for producing helical gas flow
5,672,843 Single charge pyrotechnic
5,673,935 Metal complexes for use as gas generants
5,681,904 Azido polymers having improved burn rate
5,682,013 Gas generant body having pressed-on burn inhibitor layer
5,683,104 Combustion moderation in an airbag inflator
5,690,356 Integrated switch for air bag deactivation
5,692,773 Air bag module with bendable base for mounting cover
5,697,638 Vehicle steering wheel arrangement
5,707,075 Protecting apparatus
5,709,724 Process for fabricating a hermetic glass-to-metal seal
5,711,546 Hybrid inflator with coaxial chamber
5,711,574 Air bag-equipped child's vehicle seat and alarm/arming system therefore
5,713,595 Inflator for vehicular air bags
5,719,351 Anti-rupture method for liquid propellant gas inflator
5,720,519 Air bag-equipped child's vehicle seat and alarm/arming system therefor
5,721,392 Pyrotechnic ignition device
5,725,245 Diffuser plate for an airbag gas generator
5,725,699 Metal complexes for use as gas generants
5,726,382 Eutectic mixtures of ammonium nitrate and amino guanidine nitrate
5,727,813 Air bag inflator
5,734,123 Extrudable gas-generating compositions
5,735,118 Using metal complex compositions as gas generants
5,738,374 Pyrotechnic gas generator for inflatable air-bag of a motor vehicle
5,741,465 Reactive waste deactivation facility and method
5,746,445 Injection termination feature
5,746,446 Plastic film airbag
5,747,696 Method of non-invasively monitoring pressure of a compressed gas in a closed
          container
5,747,730 Pyrotechnic method of generating a particulate-free, non-toxic odorless and colorless
          gas
5,752,717 Inflatable metal bladders for automobile passenger protection
5,755,457 Air bag device
5,756,929 Nonazide gas generating compositions
5,756,930 Process for the preparation of gas-generating compositions
5,762,369 Air bag inflator using liquid monopropellant and adaptable to produce ouputs with
          various parameters
5,763,027 Insensitive munitions composite pressure vessels
5,763,817 Center gas fill inflator
5,763,821 Autoignition propellant containing superfine iron oxide
5,765,867 Air bag with externally mounted tether
5,769,452 Vehicle occupant protective air bag system
5,772,239 Airbag sub-module having fabric envelope with horn switch
5,773,754 Gas generating agent with trihydrazino triazine fuel
5,779,261 Vehicle air bag retaining arrangement
5,779,263 Integrated side impact air bag system within a seat structure
5,779,269 Propellant module assembly
5,780,768 Gas generating compositions
5,782,486 Rapid gas-fill apparatus and method
5,782,487 Gas generator
5,783,773 Low-residue azide-free gas generant composition
5,787,563 Method for assembling a compressed air bag inflator
5,788,275 Hybrid inflator
5,791,340 Resuscitator
5,791,685 Three-chambered side impact air bag
5,792,976 Rapidly deployable volume-displacement system for restraining movement of
          objects
5,794,973 Dual stage air bag inflator
5,799,469 Method for the manufacture and/or filling of a two-chamber pressure pack
5,799,974 Vehicle air bag system
5,801,453 Process for preparing spherical energetic compounds
5,803,488 Inflator retainer and air bag module
5,806,885 Ignition orifice in fluid fueled inflator
5,806,886 Device for abating carbon monoxide in airbags
5,806,888 Air bag inflator
5,817,972 Iron oxide as a coolant and residue former in an organic propellant
5,821,448 Compact hybrid inflator
5,823,566 Air bag module with deployment flap
5,833,264 Inflator assembly for a vehicle air bag system
5,833,311 Add-on child seat
5,836,610 Multiple level fluid fueled airbag inflator
5,839,754 Multiple stage airbag gas generator
5,847,315 Solid solution vehicle airbag clean gas generator propellant
5,850,053 Eutectic mixtures of ammonium nitrate, guanidine nitrate and potassium perchlorate
5,851,027 Variable output driver side hybrid inflator
5,851,028 Inflator with flow diverter and heat sink
5,851,029 Gas pressure restraint, sensing and release systems
5,853,192 Variable vented housing
5,854,442 Gas generator compositions
5,856,710 Inductively coupled energy and communication apparatus
5,861,571 Gas-generative composition consisting essentially of ammonium perchlorate plus a
          chlorine scavenger and an organic fuel
5,863,068 Plastic film airbag
5,868,422 Inflatabe metal bladders for automobile passenger protection
5,868,424 Substantially smoke-free and particulate-free inflator for inflatable safety restraint
          system
5,872,329 Nonazide gas generant compositions
5,876,060 Seat mounted side impact module
5,884,939 Air bag system for automotive passenger seat
5,890,736 Aspiration-type air bag inflation apparatus
5,893,579 Seat mounted air bag system
5,895,070 Side impact air bag system
5,899,485 Air bag module with simplified manifold
5,899,488 Air bag arrangement and triggering process therefor
5,899,494 Deflagration venting system for airbag systems
5,904,366 Air bag apparatus
5,904,369 Catalytically plated air bag
5,907,120 Inflator for vehicle air bags
5,912,427 Semiconductor bridge explosive device
5,918,900 Hybrid inflator with bore and burst disk
5,920,029 Igniter assembly and method
5,924,727 Inflator assembly for a vehicle air bag system
5,931,495 Ignition system for a fluid-fueled inflator
5,931,499 Vehicle stabilizing apparatus
5,934,705 Two chamber inflator body
5,934,743 Impact absorbing outer body structure of a motor vehicle
5,938,233 Air bag device
5,938,235 Hybrid inflator
5,939,795 Seat sensor operating safety system for a motor vehicle
5,944,343 Miniature inflator
5,947,510 Air bag module
5,947,514 Valve controlled automotive pyrotechnic systems
5,951,040 Air bag inflator with pressure regulation
5,951,042 Vehicle occupant protection apparatus
5,951,043 Air bag inflator using liquid monopropellant and adaptable to produce outputs with
          various parameters
5,962,803 Apparatus for preparing spherical energetic compounds
5,962,808 Gas generant complex oxidizers
5,967,550 Staged pyrotechnic air bag inflator
5,970,703 Metal hydrazine complexes used as gas generants
5,976,293 Method for making a case for combustible materials
5,979,328 Vehicular impact signaling device
5,984,351 Dual stage actuation system
5,984,352 Air bag inflator with pressure regulation
5,988,069 Electric initiator having a sealing material forming a ceramic to metal seal
5,988,438 Apparatus for rapid inflation of inflatable object and related method
5,997,666 GN, AGN and KP gas generator composition
6,000,718 End cap assembly for airbag inflator
6,004,410 Apparatus comprising an inflatable vehicle occupant protection device and a gas
          generating composition therefor
6,009,809 Bridgewire initiator
6,012,737 Vehicle occupant protection apparatus
6,017,404 Nonazide ammonium nitrate based gas generant compositions that burn at ambient
          pressure
6,019,389 Air bag inflator
6,019,390 Multiple panel airbag
6,020,655 Control circuit for an airbag release unit
6,029,558 Reactive personnel protection system
6,029,932 Detonating valve for releasing openings of air bag landing systems
6,036,226 Inflator capable of modulation air bag inflation rate in a vehicle occupant restraint
          apparatus
6,039,347 Liquid propellant airbag inflator with dual telescoping pistons
6,039,348 Variable output inflator with adaptive heat sinking
6,039,820 Metal complexes for use as gas generants
6,042,147 Air-bag device
6,045,638 Monopropellant and propellant compositions including mono and
          polyaminoguanidine dinitrate
6,047,541 HAN TEAN (xm-46) mixing gas generator propellant tank pressurizer for launch
          vehicles and spacecraft
6,050,598 Apparatus for and method of monitoring the mass quantity and density of a fluid in a
          closed container, and a vehicular air bag system incorporating such apparatus
6,053,110 Airbag generant wafer design with I-beam construction
6,053,270 Steering angle correcting system in vehicle
6,059,906 Methods for preparing age-stabilized propellant compositions
6,062,142 Autoignition system for inflator devices with separator that melts
6,062,143 Distributed charge inflator system
6,065,773 Gas pressure restraint, sensing and release systems
6,068,287 Electronic device and method for actuating a passenger-protection system
6,073,438 Preparation of eutectic mixtures of ammonium nitrate and amino guanidine nitrate
6,073,961 Inflatable side airbag curtain module
6,073,963 Initiator with injection molded insert member
6,074,502 Smokeless gas generant compositions
6,076,468 Solid propellant/water type hybrid gas generator
6,079,739 Pyrotechnic gas generator with an adaptable flow rate for air bags
6,086,095 Airbag cushion exhibiting low seam and fabric usage and simultaneously high
          available inflation volume
6,093,269 Pyrotechnic gas generant composition including high oxygen balance fuel
6,095,558 Gas generator made of metal sheets for protective devices of motor vehicles
          passengers
6,095,561 Multi-chamber inflator
6,099,033 Compressed air bag inflator
6,106,038 System for collision damage reduction
6,109,647 Seat-occupant restraining apparatus
6,116,641 Dual level gas generator
6,117,255 Gas generating composition comprising guanylurea dinitramide
6,120,058 Air bag inflator
6,120,626 Dispensing fibrous cellulose material
6,123,359 Inflator for use with gas generant compositions containing guanidines
6,123,790 Nonazide ammonium nitrate based gas generant compositions that burn at ambient
          pressure
6,126,197 Lightweight discoidal filterless air bag inflator
6,131,949 Venting systems for inflatables
6,139,054 Reduced smoke gas generant with improved temperature stability
6,142,056 Variable thrust cartridge
6,142,508 Side impact air bag system
6,142,511 Inflatable passenger restraint and inflator therefor
6,142,515 Air bag inflator with heat sink and retainer
6,142,518 Dual inflator apparatus including pyrotechnic inflator
6,143,103 Gas generating material for vehicle occupant protection device
6,145,876 Vehicle inflator with stored gas for supplementing inflation
6,149,184 Simplified driver side air bag assembly
6,149,194 Plastic film airbag
6,155,600 Safety air bag inflation device
6,156,137 Gas generative compositions
6,156,230 Metal oxide containing gas generating composition
6,165,295 Gas-generating liquid compositions (PERSOL 1)
6,170,594 Method and apparatus for reducing vehicle rollover
6,170,868 Hybrid inflator
6,176,517 Gas generating apparatus
6,176,950 Ammonium nitrate and paraffinic material based gas generating propellants
6,179,326 Efficient airbag system
6,182,782 Device for reducing the impact of pedestrians
6,186,540 Method of filling an empty, flexible container, and a container device
6,186,541 Air bag arrangement with gas filtration
6,186,543 Air bag system for automotive passenger seat
6,189,919 Steering column arrangement for occupant protection
6,189,922 Inflator with multiple initiators
6,196,577 Air bag apparatus
6,196,581 Airbag inflator and an airbag apparatus
6,196,582 Variable output inflator for an air bag
6,196,583 Gas generator with cooling device
6,199,900 Vehicle safety collision headrest system
6,199,905 High thermal efficiency inflator and passive restraints incorporating same
6,203,061 Variable output air bag module with PAV heat sink
6,210,505 High gas yield non-azide gas generants
6,213,496 Airbag device with inner and outer bags
6,213,502 Air bag module with variable inflation
6,214,138 Ignition enhancer composition for an airbag inflator
6,217,067 Flame protection for a gas bag
6,218,577 Enegetic hydrazinium salts
6,220,309 Inflatable fabrics comprising basket-woven attachment points between fabric panels
6,220,626 Air belt apparatus
6,224,097 Inflator for inflatable restraint
6,224,099 Supplemental-restraint-system gas generating device with water-soluble polymeric
          binder
6,224,100 Air bag apparatus, air bag folding method, and air-bag folding device
6,227,565 Air bag inflator with pressure regulation
6,227,566 Airbag device with inflator
6,228,191 Gas-generating preparation with iron and/or copper carbonate
6,230,491 Gas-generating liquid compositions (persol 1)
6,230,501 Ergonomic systems and methods providing intelligent adaptive surfaces and
          temperature control
6,234,523 Dual type inflator device wherein light-emitting phenomenon is suppressed
6,235,132 Gas generating compositions
6,237,941 Inflatable side airbag curtain module
6,237,950 Staged air bag inflator
6,237,951 Device for letting pressurized gas stream into a safety device
6,241,281 Metal complexes for use as gas generants
6,247,726 Air bag module with variable inflation
6,250,668 Tubular airbag, method of making the same and occupant protection system
          including the same
6,254,164 Vehicle occupant protection system
6,257,527 Hypersonic and orbital vehicles system
6,257,617 Air bag inflator with pressure regulation
6,266,926 Gas generator deployed occupant protection apparatus and method
6,270,113 Side air bag system
6,274,064 Metal oxide containing gas generating composition
6,274,252 Hermetic glass-to-metal seal useful in headers for airbags
6,277,221 Propellant compositions with salts and complexes of lanthanide and rare earth
          elements
6,283,543 Motor vehicle roof
6,287,400 Gas generant composition
6,290,256 Air bag inflator with pressure regulation
6,293,581 Occupant restraint device
6,293,582 Control system for air bags in different vehicle locations
6,294,487 Airbag fabric processing very low cover factor
6,296,274 Apparatus for inflating a side curtain
6,298,787 Non-lethal kinetic energy weapon system and method
6,299,203 Airbag device in a vehicle and method for activating an airbag device
6,299,204 Vehicle restraint system comprising an airbag having an integrated mouth
6,299,205 Vehicle restraint system comprising an airbag having a looped pocket for inflation
          canister disposition
6,299,206 Vehicle restraint system comprising an airbag having an integrated mouth
6,299,711 Gas-generating liquid compositions (OXSOL 3)
6,299,965 Inflatable fabrics comprising peel seams which become shear seams upon inflation
6,306,232 Thermally stable nonazide automotive airbag propellants
6,314,887 Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-type high-capacity inertial-switching
          device
6,315,322 Air bag inflator
6,315,847 Water-free preparation of igniter granules for waterless extrusion processes
6,315,930 Method for making a propellant having a relatively low burn rate exponent and high
          gas yield for use in a vehicle inflator
6,325,408 Air bag attachment arrangement
6,328,830 Metal oxide-free 5-aminotetrazole-based gas generating composition
6,328,831 Gas-generating liquid compositions (Perhan)
6,328,906 Chemical delivery systems for fire suppression
6,331,220 Gas-generating liquid compositions (PERSOL 2)
6,334,917 Propellant compositions for gas generating apparatus
6,334,961 Low ash gas generant and ignition compositions for vehicle occupant passive
          restraint systems
6,336,657 Seat-occupant restraining apparatus
6,340,175 Air bag assemblies with foamed energetic igniters
6,341,562 Initiator assembly with activation circuitry
6,343,812 Method for fixing an adjustable automobile steering column and device for carrying
          out the method
6,352,030 Gas generating eject motor
6,361,064 Inflator seal retainer for an air bag module
6,361,631 Liquid monopropellants for passive vehicle occupant restraint systems
6,363,307 Control system for occupant protection apparatus
6,364,350 Motor vehicle occupant safety device
6,364,353 Dual stage air bag inflator
6,364,356 Airbag cushion comprising sewn reinforcement seams
6,364,975 Ammonium nitrate propellants
6,368,431 Air bag inflator
6,371,517 Adaptive inflation mechanism
6,373,384 Inflatable security device
6,375,219 Airbag cushion exhibiting low fabric usage and simultaneously high available
          inflation volume
6,379,627 Gas generator
6,382,660 Air bag assembly
6,400,145 Seat belt tension sensor, methods of integration and attachment
6,402,191 Inflatable air bag system which serves as a protective wall in front of a vehicle
          sidewall
6,409,213 Adaptive inflation mechanism
6,409,214 Airbag inflator and an airbag apparatus
6,412,391 Reactive personnel protection system and method
6,416,600 Process for the production of an exothermically reacting composition
6,417,579 Electrical system with security battery disconnection
6,418,870 Torpedo launch mechanism and method
6,419,262 Occupant protective device located in the steering wheel of a motor vehicle
6,422,601 Dual chamber inflator
6,425,601 Air bag module
6,427,599 Pyrotechnic compositions and uses therefore
6,428,041 Airbag system for a motor vehicle
6,431,582 Simplified driver side air bag assembly
6,431,594 Air bag inflator with mechanism for deactivation of second stage and autoignition
6,431,597 Reduced smoke gas generant with improved mechanical stability
6,435,552 Method for the gas-inflation articles
6,439,603 Air bag module with variable inflation
6,447,007 Compact dual nozzle air bag inflator
6,450,529 Inflatable side air bag curtain module with chamber separators
6,450,573 Anti-submarine vehicle seat device
6,454,299 Airbag device
6,454,306 Gas generator for seat belt pretensioner
6,454,887 Gas generant for air bag
6,457,741 Seat mounted side air bag
6,464,253 Vehicular restraint system
6,472,033 Airbag cushion exhibiting low seam usage and simultaneously high available
          inflation volume
6,472,352 Aqueous lubricant and process for cold forming metal, with improved formed
          surface quality
6,474,684 Dual stage inflator
6,475,312 Method of formulating a gas generant composition
6,477,957 Ignition device for a safety system
6,478,329 Air bag
6,481,746 Metal hydrazine complexes for use as gas generants
6,481,747 Cool, low effluent pyrotechnic inflator
6,485,403 Air bag system of folding an air bag
6,485,588 Autoignition material additive
6,487,974 Inflator
6,488,310 Hybrid inflator
6,489,006 Inflatable fabrics comprising peel seams which become shear seams upon inflation
6,497,429 Airbag apparatus
6,497,774 Gas generant for air bag
6,508,894 Insensitive propellant formulations containing energetic thermoplastic elastomers
6,511,094 Automotive vehicle air bag system
6,513,602 Gas generating device
6,513,834 Monopropellant smokeless gas generant materials
6,513,835 Automotive vehicle air bag system
6,513,880 Power actuator suitable for vehicle occupant restraint systems
6,523,855 Air bag, method of manufacture and system therefor
6,530,543 Hypersonic and orbital vehicles system
6,533,316 Automotive electronic safety network
6,533,318 Air bag system for automotive passenger seat
6,536,798 Controlling activation of restraint devices in a vehicle
6,539,869 Heat transfer initiator
6,543,805 Dual stage air bag inflator
6,547,275 Air bag gas generator and air bag device
6,547,277 Two chamber gas generator
6,556,119 High current intensity fuse device
6,557,474 Initiator header subassembly for inflation devices
6,560,832 Structurally efficient airbag cushion exhibiting high available inflation volume
6,566,869 Seat belt tension sensor, methods of integration and attachment
6,568,703 Interference fit attachment for a rounded member
6,572,136 Automotive air bag system
6,572,144 Airbag
6,574,962 KOH flue gas recirculation power plant with waste heat and byproduct recovery
6,581,963 Catalytic filter for an inflator
6,581,964 Gas bag module
6,584,911 Initiators for air bag inflators
6,585,290 Diffuser for an air bag
6,595,102 Reactive personnel protection system and method
6,595,244 Inflatable fabrics having woven attachment points between fabric panels
6,595,548 Air bag system, method of folding air bag and air bag folding apparatus
6,598,899 Inflatable seat belt using MEMS devices
6,598,901 Gas generator for air bag and air bag apparatus
6,598,902 Welded airbag cushion comprising sewn reinforcement seams
6,601,872 Compact multi-level inflator
6,604,599 Anti-submarine vehicle occupant restraint system
6,605,233 Gas generant composition with coolant
6,607,213 Gas generating device for air bag and air bag inflating method
6,612,243 Fire extinguisher
6,612,610 Air bag device
6,619,692 Air bag inflators
6,623,033 Airbag inflation control system and method
6,626,455 Deformable air bag module housing
6,626,457 Curtain airbag
6,629,575 Vehicle occupant emergency system
6,640,721 Non-lethal airbag munition
6,641,074 Seat belt webbing pretensioner using MEMS devices
6,644,206 Electrically actuatable initiator with output charge
6,648,366 Driver side air bag with particulate diverter
6,648,367 Integrated occupant protection system
6,650,528 Ignition device for a safety system
6,659,500 Multi-chamber inflator
6,666,934 Extruded hydroxy terminated polybutadiene gas generating material
6,669,226 Air bag module with oppositely aligned inflators
6,669,229 Automotive vehicle air bag system
6,669,231 Adaptive venting for an air bag module
6,672,220 Apparatus and method for dispersing munitions from a projectile
6,672,618 Multiple panel airbag and method
6,673,172 Gas generant compositions exhibiting low autoignition temperatures and methods of
          generating gases therefrom
6,673,728 Low permeability, high strength timing fabric for utilization within airbag inflation
          modules
6,679,522 Airbag
6,688,231 Cord-type gas generator
6,688,555 Anti-hijacking system
6,695,259 Communication system, communication receiving device and communication
          terminal in the system
6,701,849 Dual stage air bag inflator with secondary propellant cap
6,702,323 Air bag module with pressure regulator
6,705,637 Inflator
6,709,006 Air bag device
6,713,412 Low permeability, high strength timing fabric for utilization within airbag inflation
          modules
6,715,371 Method of testing an airbag module
6,715,790 Side curtain air bag
6,718,884 Initiator assembly
6,719,323 Air bag apparatus and steering wheel
6,726,788 Preparation of strengthened ammonium nitrate propellants
6,733,036 Automotive electronic safety network
6,739,362 Hybrid-gas generator, in particular for filling a gas bag
6,746,044 Actuatable fastener for air bag module vent
6,749,218 Externally deployed airbag system
6,755,273 Combined airbag inflation and occupant displacement enabling method and
          apparatus
6,758,199 Tuned power ignition system
6,764,096 Dual chamber inflator
6,767,030 Air bag system for automotive passenger seat
6,779,464 Gas generating composition
6,789,702 System for dispensing multi-component products
6,789,820 Variable output inflator
6,793,244 Multi-stage expansion tire hybrid inflator
6,796,579 Gas generator with airbag device
6,799,776 Hybrid inflator
6,805,376 Inflator with shock wave generator
6,805,377 Inflator
6,805,380 Vehicular passive safety device
6,808,204 Hybrid inflator
6,823,244 Vehicle part control system including electronic sensors
6,823,645 Radial tube air bag folding apparatus and method
6,834,885 Inflator
6,835,102 Connector provided with front holder
6,837,517 Multiple panel airbag and method
6,843,503 Controlled venting apparatus and method therefor
6,851,709 Multistage-inflating type hybrid inflator
6,854,762 Airbag system
6,860,510 Multistage inflating-type hybrid inflator
6,860,511 Multiple chamber dual stage inflator
6,860,951 Gas generating compositions
6,863,303 Hybrid inflator
6,865,825 Ergonomic systems and methods providing intelligent adaptive surfaces and
          temperature control
6,871,871 Air bag inflator
6,874,544 System for dispensing multi-component products
6,877,435 Dual-stage gas generator utilizing eco-friendly gas generant formulation
6,877,698 Aircraft evacuation slide inflation system using a stored liquified gas capable of
          thermal decomposition
6,883,827 Modular air bag cushion system
6,886,469 Distributed charge inflator system
6,887,326 Nonazide gas generant compositions
6,889,613 Variable output inflator
6,889,614 Air bag inflator
6,892,983 Anti-hijacking system
6,905,135 Inflator system
6,908,149 Anti-submarine vehicle seat device
6,910,713 Airbag cushion exhibiting low fabric usage and simultaneously high available
          inflation volume
6,913,319 Power actuator
6,913,661 Ammonium nitrate propellants and methods for preparing the same
6,918,340 Dual-stage gas generator utilizing eco-friendly gas generant formulation for military
          applications
6,918,459 Method and apparatus for deploying airbags
6,918,611 System and method for controlling an inflatable cushion
6,918,976 Gas generating composition
6,923,342 Systems for dispensing multi-component products
6,926,303 Inflatable vehicle occupant protection device with inflation fluid deflector
6,926,792 Method of fabricating an air-bag and an air-bag fabricated by the method
6,936,303 Electric type initiator and gas generator
6,945,559 Method and apparatus for air bag venting
6,951,317 Vehicle, lightweight pneumatic pilot valve and related systems therefor
6,953,823 Elastomeric insulating composition for a solid propellant rocket motor
6,962,113 Segmented-rod warhead
6,962,363 Multiple chamber airbags and methods
6,966,373 Inflatable sealing assembly and method for sealing off an inside of a flow carrier
6,969,435 Metal complexes for use as gas generants
6,979,022 Flexible inflator with co-extruded propellant and moisture barrier
6,979,024 Gas generator for seat belt pretensioner
6,983,955 Air bag inflators
6,988,026 Wireless and powerless sensor and interrogator
6,991,254 Airbag system
6,997,477 Inflator
7,004,074 Controlled fluid energy delivery burst cartridge
7,007,972 Method and airbag inflation apparatus employing magnetic fluid
7,017,944 Multiple chamber inflator
7,025,378 Air bag and method for making an air bag
7,042,696 Systems and methods using an electrified projectile
7,048,304 Multiple panel airbag and method
7,052,041 Gas generator and gas generant packet used therein
7,057,872 Systems and methods for immobilization using selected electrodes
7,059,633 Hybrid gas inflator
7,059,635 Hybrid inflator
7,069,961 Inflatable fabrics comprising basket-woven attachment points between fabric panels
7,070,204 Programmable gas generator using microcells
7,073,820 Inflator
7,080,854 Pyrotechnic linear inflator
7,080,855 Safety steering column, motor vehicle with a safety system and safety method
7,082,359 Vehicular information and monitoring system and methods
7,089,099 Sensor assemblies
7,097,203 Inflator
7,103,460 System and method for vehicle diagnostics
7,104,569 Air bag module with pressure regulator
7,107,706 Ergonomic systems and methods providing intelligent adaptive surfaces and
          temperature control
7,111,871 Automotive vehicle air bag system
7,114,744 Airbag apparatus and related method
7,114,874 Security barrier
7,118,129 Air bag system for automotive passenger seat

TABLE II
FIRE SUPPRESSOR APPARATUSES AND MEHTODS
Publication
Number      Title
20020023967 Effervescent liquid fine mist apparatus and method
20020070035 Method and system for extinguishing fire in an enclosed space
20020139542 Process and installation for fighting a fire in an aircraft compartment and aircraft
            equipped with such an installation
20020144824 Microemulsion mists as fire suppression agents
20030006046 Fire extinguishing ball
20030019641 Fire suppression system and method for an interior area of an aircraft lavatory
            waste container fire protection
20030051886 Fire suppression using water mist with ultrafine size droplets
20030062173 Method of fire extinguishment with gas and fire-extinguising equipment
20030062175 Fire suppression system and solid propellant aerosol generator for use therein
20030141082 Portable breathable fire extinguishing liquefied gas delivery system
20030150623 Fire extinguishing spray nozzle
20030155134 Fire blanket
20030205390 Method and apparatus for distributing granular material
20040016551 Methods and apparatus for extinguishing fires
20040020665 Helium gas total flood fire suppression system
20040020666 Explosion suppression system
20040045725 Retrofitted non-halon fire suppression system and method of retrofitting existing
            halon based systems
20040069505 Method and apparatus to extinguishing fire in areas beyond the reach of standard
            fire equipments
20040089460 System and method for suppressing fires
20040129435 Flame suppression agent, system and uses
20040140105 Combustion supression system
20040163826 Fire protection systems and methods
20040188103 Thermally activated fire suppression system
20040194974 Pressurization system for fire extinguishers
20040194977 Self-modulating inert gas fire suppression system
20040226726 Vehicle fire extinguisher
20040262018 Fire extinguishing cover
20050016741 Fire extinguishing system for large structures
20050023007 Methods using fluoroketones for: extinguishing fire; preventing fire; and
            reducing or eliminating the flammability of a flammable working fluid
20050051345 Fire blanket
20050077054 Methods and apparatus for extinguishing fires
20050115722 Method and apparatus for suppression of fires
20050139363 Fire suppression delivery system
20050139365 System and method for suppressing fires
20050139366 Method and apparatus for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space
20050139367 Fire extinguishing device and method
20050150663 Fire extinguishing device
20050178566 Fire extinguisher with means for preventing freezing at outlet
20050183869 Fire-suppression system for an aircraft
20050189123 System and method for suppressing fires
20050217871 Fire suppression system and method for an interior area of an aircraft lavatory
            waste container fire protection
20050257937 Device for extinguishing fire by injection of a gas generated by the combustion of
            a pyrotechnic block
20050263299 Fire extinguishing method by gas and extingushing device
20060011356 Fire-resistant tent for building structures
20060076430 Methods and systems for simulating multi-phase fluid flows, including fire
            suppressant flows
20060175429 Fire fighting system
20060196681 Fire Suppression Using Water Mist with Ultrafine Size Droplets
20060201687 Self-contained automated residential fire extinguisher
20060213673 Method of preventing fire in computer room and other enclosed facilities
20060231270 Automotive Fire Suppression System With Dynamic Reservoir Seal
3,930,541   Flame prevention system for fuel tank fires
3,952,809   Series to parallel transfer circuit for initiator string
3,964,390   Bursting disc assembly
3,965,988   Fire extinguishing method and apparatus
3,967,255   Flame detection system
3,980,139   Fire extinguishing bomb for putting out fires
3,986,560   Fire protection means
3,990,516   Pneumatic time delay valve
4,006,780   Rupturing head for fire extinguishers
4,013,128   Modular fire protection system
4,020,904   Dispersion nozzle with removable dispersion element
4,020,905   Construction of fire extinguishers
4,046,156   Explosion discharge valve
4,055,844   Detection system
4,064,944   Apparatus for fire extinguishing system for floating-roof tanks
4,069,873   Apparatus for fire extinguishing system for floating-roof tanks
4,073,464   Cylinder valve for gas fire extinguishing system
4,082,148   Fire protection system
4,090,567   Fire fighting helicopter
4,109,726   Gas fire extinguishing system
4,110,812   Non-recurrent pulse generator
4,121,666   Fuel (flammable liquid) tank fire extinguisher
4,126,184   Instantaneous release, dual valve for fire suppression apparatus
4,129,185   Fire suppression system
4,132,271   Fragment prevention screen for explodable fire suppressant panels
4,159,744   Fire extinguishant mechanism
4,183,409   Automatic fire-extinguishing system
4,188,856   Compressed-gas-actuated switching device
4,194,571   Fire suppression mechanism for military vehicles
4,199,029   Multiple, independently actuatable fire suppression devices each having
            individual actuating power source
4,201,178   Engine flameproofing
4,213,567   Discharge nozzle for fluorinated hydrocarbon fire suppression system
4,217,959   Electrically controlled fluid disperser for a fire extinguishing system
4,232,742   Flame-guard for electrical installations
4,262,749   Fire suppression bladder system for fuel tanks
4,263,971   Fire and explosion suppression apparatus
4,267,890   Fire extinguishing system including sensor comparable to determine charge
4,270,613   Fire and explosion detection and suppression system
4,275,860   Full span shipboard fueling system for aircraft
4,281,717   Expolosion suppression system for fire or expolosion susceptible enclosures
4,285,403   Explosive fire extinguisher
4,289,207   Fire extinguishing system
4,296,817   Fire suppression system for military tanks
4,305,469   Fire extinguishing system having a discharge valve and a distribution valve
            actuated by a pneumatic actuator
4,319,640   Gas generator-actuated fire suppressant mechanism
4,328,867   Fire extinguishers
4,328,868   Fire suppressant impact diffuser
4,332,368   Valve
4,347,901   Fire extinguishing system for aircraft
4,351,394   Method and system for aircraft fire protection
4,390,069   Trifluorobromomethane foam fire fighting system
4,394,868   Horizontal discharge assembly for vertically oriented fire extinguisher
4,411,318   Fire-extinguishing waste receptacle
4,420,047   Stowable fire suppression system for aircraft cabins and the like
4,436,159   Manual/electric activated squib actuated discharge valve for fire extinguishers
4,462,319   Method and apparatus for safely controlling explosions in black liquor recovery
            boilers
4,487,266   Explosion suppression apparatus
4,488,603   A compact and highly mobile fire-fighting vehicle
4,499,952   Fire and explosion detection and suppression system and actuation circuitry
            therefor
4,520,871   Fire extinguishing system
4,531,588   Fire suppression system
4,532,996   Automatic fire extinguisher with acoustic alarm
4,567,948   Fire extinguisher valve
4,569,399   Safety enclosure
4,577,544   Ultrafast thermal actuator
4,580,638   Fire suppression and control system
4,583,597   Fire and explosion detection and suppression system
4,589,496   Fire suppressant valve using a floating poppet
4,592,301   Fire extinguisher support mechanism incorporating an audible alarm
4,597,451   Fire and explosion detection and suppression
4,606,832   Fire extinguishing composition
4,616,694   Fireproof cabinet system for electronic equipment
4,617,174   Automatic autonomous apparatus for the fast production of polyurethane foam
4,622,209   Process and apparatus for reducing the chances of ignition and explosion due to
            the decomposition of high-pressure industrial process gases
4,625,808   Device for coupling fire extinguishers to closed-off compartments
4,630,684   Fire sensing and suppression method and system responsive to optical radiation
            and mechanical wave energy
4,633,967   Circumbendibus safety system for a vehicle
4,637,472   Rapid discharge extinguisher
4,637,473   Fire suppression system
4,643,260   Fire suppression system with controlled secondary extinguishant discharge
4,645,009   Method and means for producing and dispensing extinguishing fluids
4,646,848   Fire suppression system for an aircraft
4,650,003   Light path heat detector
4,662,454   Foam extinguishing system
4,664,199   Method and apparatus for extinguishing fires in flammable liquid filled storage
            vessels
4,668,407   Fire extinguishing composition and method for preparing same
4,676,319   Fire fighting tool and method
4,691,783   Automatic modular fire extinguisher system for computer rooms
4,693,320   Fire suppression test apparatus
4,697,643   Temperature-compensated pressure controller, operationally reliable extinguisher
            provided with such a pressure controller and process for filling such a pressure
            controller
4,702,322   Explosion suppression system
4,709,763   Self-activating fire extinguisher
4,711,307   Compact self-contained fire extinguisher
4,718,497   Fire and explosion detection and suppression
4,719,973   Fire and explosion detection and suppression
4,726,426   Fire extinguishment system for an aircraft passenger cabin
4,729,434   Portable fire-fighting apparatus
4,760,886   Fast discharge fire extinguisher and a method of fabricating same
4,763,731   Fire suppression system for aircraft
4,779,683   Discharge control head for aircraft fire extinguishant containers
4,805,701   Fire extinguisher and alarm apparatus
4,815,541   Fire extinguisher
4,826,610   Fire extinguishant
4,830,114   Self-activating fire extinguisher
4,830,116   Fire extinguishing system
4,830,762   Method for fire extinguishment of liquid chlorosilane compound
4,834,187   Explosion suppression system
4,854,388   Fire extinguishing apparatus
4,854,389   Linear fire extinguisher
4,856,762   Fire retardant gas spring assembly for a passenger seat control
4,889,189   Fire suppressant mechanism and method for sizing same
4,893,680   Fire suppression activator
4,895,208   Elevator cab fire extinguishing system
4,899,826   Combination fire extinguisher and tire sealer
4,938,293   Linear fire extinguisher
4,951,755   Manual actuator
4,953,623   Protected L-shaped environment using single chemical nozzle
4,953,624   Cylinder pressure switch for automatic fire protection systems
4,954,271   Non-toxic fire extinguishant
4,964,469   Device for broadcasting dry material by explosive force
4,970,936   Gas reservoir actuation device
4,986,366   Method and apparatus for suppressing explosions and fires
4,989,675   Spray nozzle for fire control
4,991,657   Fire suppression system
5,014,790   Method and apparatus for fire control
5,016,715   Elevator cab fire extinguishing system
5,018,586   Fire suppression system for a decorative tree
5,031,701   Suppressant discharge nozzle for explosion protection system
5,036,924   Container fire nozzle hole adapter
5,038,866   Powder discharge apparatus
5,040,609   Fire extinguishing composition and process
5,050,683   Extinguishing rocket/missile solid propellants
5,052,493   Fire suppression systems for vehicles
5,053,147   Methods and compositions for extinguishing fires
5,062,486   Firefighter's barrier penetrator and agent injector
5,069,291   Method and apparatus for suppressing explosions and fires and preventing
            reignition thereof
5,088,560   Zero force fire extinguisher
5,090,482   Method and apparatus for extinguishing fires
5,093,013   Ozone friendly fire-extinguishing agents
5,099,976   Fire extinguishing apparatus for compressors
5,102,557   Fire extinguishing agents for streaming applications
5,113,947   Fire extinguishing methods and compositions utilizing 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-
            tetrafluoroethane
5,115,867   Dual linear fire extinguisher
5,115,868   Fire extinguishing composition and process
5,119,877   Explosion suppression system
5,119,878   Impact activated vehicle-based fire extinguisher
5,121,797   Methods and apparatus for shutting in a burning oil well
5,124,053   Fire extinguishing methods and blends utilizing hydrofluorocarbons
5,135,054   Fire extinguishing agents for flooding applications
5,146,996   Apparatus and method for thrusting a cover over a target area
5,152,345   Fire extinguishing tool
5,154,237   Detonation suppression
5,154,238   Vehicular fire protection apparatus
5,158,138   Apparatus for shutting in a burning oil well
5,163,517   Fire extinguishing systems
5,174,384   Transport unit for fluid or solid materials or devices, and method
5,183,117   Fire extinguisher
5,211,245   Vehicle mounted aerial lift
5,211,246   Scouring method and system for suppressing fire in an enclosed area
5,224,550   Explosion suppression system
5,232,053   Explosion suppression system
5,244,021   Fuel transfer container
5,249,631   Water powered mobile robot
5,275,243   Dry powder and liquid method and apparatus for extinguishing fire
5,275,244   Apparatus and process for extinguishing fires with a noncombustible fluid in
            liquid and gaseous states
5,276,433   Methods and apparatus for temperature sensing
5,277,256   Firefighter's nozzle
5,301,756   Vehicle mounted aerial lift
5,305,957   Process and apparatus for the fine dispersion of liquids or powders in a gaseous
            medium
5,340,490   Azeotrope-like compositions of trifluoromethane and carbon dioxide or
            hexafluoroethane and carbon dioxide
5,361,847   Failsafe phial-type fire extinguishing system
5,368,106   Fire-fighting tool particularly for shipboard fires and the like
5,370,189   Fire extinguisher bottle with pick-up tube
5,393,438   Fire extinguishing composition and process
5,402,967   Apparatus for supplying water to aircraft cabin spray systems
5,409,067   Portable fire fighting tool
5,423,384   Apparatus for suppressing a fire
5,423,385   Fire extinguishing methods and systems
5,425,426   Fire extinguishing methods and systems
5,425,886   On demand, non-halon, fire extinguishing systems
5,441,114   Portable system for extinguishing a fire
5,449,041   Apparatus and method for suppressing a fire
5,458,202   Pressurized extinguishant release device with rolling diaphragm
5,465,795   Fire suppressing apparatus for generating steam from a water-ice mixture
5,492,179   System for extinguishing a fire in a volume for delivery from a distance
5,492,180   Painting wall surfaces with an ignitable solid-fuel composition which generates a
            fire-extinguishing particulate aerosol
5,495,893   Apparatus and method to control deflagration of gases
5,501,284   Inflatable bag fire extinguishing system
5,505,383   Fire protection nozzle
5,511,621   Local flooding fine water spray fire suppression system using recirculation
            principles
5,518,075   Fire extinguisher
5,534,164   Non-toxic, environmentally benign fire extinguishants
5,573,067   Apparatus for extinguishing an oil well fire
5,575,341   Mechanical foam fire fighting equipment and method
5,588,493   Fire extinguishing methods and systems
5,588,987   Discharge stream conditioner and method
5,597,044   Method for dispersing an atomized liquid stream
5,609,210   Apparatus and method for suppressing a fire
5,609,787   Method for extinguishing fire
5,610,359   Method of generating non-toxic smoke
5,613,562   Apparatus for suppressing a fire
5,615,742   Noncombustible hydrogen gas containing atmospheres and their production
5,617,923   Modular fire extinguishing apparatus for an enclosed environment
5,626,786   Labile bromine fire suppressants
5,647,438   Explosion suppressant dispersion nozzle
5,651,417   Base for a fire-fighting tool
5,664,631   Apparatus for impulse fire extinguishing
5,678,638   Spark and flame suppression system
5,685,376   System and method utilizing low-pressure nozzles for extinguishing fires
5,718,293   Fire extinguishing process and composition
5,718,294   Fire suppression or explosion protection system having a manual actuator for an
            electrically responsive initiator or gas-generating cartridge activator
5,727,635   Vehicular and marine fire suppression system
5,759,430   Clean, tropodegradable agents with low ozone depletion and global warming
            potentials to protect against fires and explosions
5,775,434   Fire fighting method and installation for extinguishing an elongated object
5,785,126   Method of extinguishing of fire in open or closed spaces and means for
            performing the method
5,785,127   User back-mounted fire suppressor
5,808,541   Hazard detection, warning, and response system
5,826,664   Active fire and explosion suppression system employing a recloseable valve
5,833,874   Fire extinguishing gels and methods of preparation and use thereof
5,845,714   Method and installation for fire extinguishing using a combination of liquid fog
            and a non-combustible gas
5,845,716   Method and apparatus for dispensing liquid with gas
5,848,650   Vehicular engine combustion suppression method
5,848,652   Engine fire extinguishment system
5,850,876   Apparatus and system for the storage and supply of liquid CO.sub.2 at low
            pressure for extinguishing of fires
5,856,587   Flame extinguishing compositions
5,857,627   Foam-forming nozzle
5,862,867   Gas-liquid mixture as well as unit and method for the use thereof
5,881,817   Cold compressed air foam fire control apparatus
5,884,710   Liquid pyrotechnic fire extinguishing composition producing a large amount of
            water vapor
5,894,891   Method and device for extinguishing fires
5,909,776   Fire extinguishers
5,913,367   Aircraft penetrator
5,918,680   Water spray cooling system for extinguishment and post fire suppression of
            compartment fires
5,919,393   Fire extinguishing process and composition
5,921,322   Device for regulating speed of deployment of sprinkler heads in preactive
            sprinkler systems
5,934,379   Method and apparatus for detection and prevention of fire hazard
5,934,380   Apparatus for preparing and disseminating novel fire extinguishing agents
5,947,207   Dual sprinkler system
5,954,138   Fire extinguisher valve and fire-extinguishing equipment
5,971,080   Quick response dry pipe sprinkler system
5,975,213   Fire suppression device
5,984,016   Fire extinguisher for closed spaces
5,992,528   Inflator based fire suppression system
5,993,682   Hydrobromocarbon blends to protect against fires and explosions
6,003,608   Fire suppression system for an enclosed space
6,012,531   Fire extinguishing bomb
6,016,874   Compact affordable inert gas fire extinguishing system
6,019,177   Methods for suppressing flame
6,024,889   Chemically active fire suppression composition
6,029,751   Automatic fire suppression apparatus and method
6,032,745   Valve for fire suppression device
6,047,777   Method and device for suppressing an explosion-like fire, in particular of
            hydrocarbons
6,053,256   Fire extinguishing system
6,053,256   Fire extinguishing system
6,056,063   Thermo-controlled, self-explosive fire extinguisher
6,065,546   Fire extinguishing and smoke eliminating apparatus and method using water mist
6,065,547   Apparatus and method for fire suppression
6,068,058   Apparatus and method for fire supression
6,076,610   Vehicular fire extinguishing device
6,082,464   Dual stage fire extinguisher
6,089,324   Cold compressed air foam fire control apparatus
6,095,251   Dual stage fire extinguisher
6,104,301   Hazard detection, warning, and response system
6,112,822   Method for delivering a fire suppression composition to a hazard
6,131,667   Manual and automatic fire extinguishing systems
6,138,766   Apparatus for preparing and disseminating novel fire extinguishing agents
6,146,544   Environmentally benign non-toxic fire flooding agents
6,164,382   Pyrotechnical device and process for extinguishing fires
6,173,790   Process and device for atomizing liquid extinguishing agents in stationary
            extinguishing installations
6,182,768   Gas-liquid mixture as well as fire-extinguishing unit and method for the use
            thereof
6,189,625   Liquid mist fire extinguisher
6,202,755   Fire extinguishing agent and method of preparation and use thereof
6,216,963   Device for regulating speed of deployment of sprinkler heads in preactive
            sprinkler systems
6,241,164   Effervescent liquid fine mist apparatus and method
6,257,340   Fire extinguishing system using shock tube
6,267,788   Gas-Liquid mixture as well as fire-extinguishing unit and method for the use
            thereof
6,314,754   Hypoxic fire prevention and fire suppression systems for computer rooms and
            other human occupied facilities
6,317,053   Switch cabinet with a fire extinguishing system
6,318,473   Expansive fire extinguishing system
6,346,203   Method for the suppression of fire
6,352,648   Environmentally benign non-toxic fire flooding agents
6,367,560   Wet sprinkler system for cold environments
6,390,203   Fire suppression apparatus and method
6,394,188   Vehicular fire extinguishing device
6,401,487   Hypoxic fire prevention and fire suppression systems with breathable fire
            extinguishing compositions for human occupied environments
6,401,830   Fire extinguishing agent and method
6,402,975   Environmentally benign non-toxic fire flooding agents
6,418,752   Hypoxic fire prevention and fire suppression systems and breathable fire
            extinguishing compositions for human occupied environments
6,419,027   Fluoroalkylphosphorus compounds as fire and explosion protection agents
6,422,320   Enhanced agent misting extinguisher design for fire fighting
6,431,465   On-off valve and apparatus for performing work
6,478,979   Use of fluorinated ketones in fire extinguishing compositions
6,598,802   Effervescent liquid fine mist apparatus and method
6,601,653   Method and system for extinguishing fire in an enclosed space
6,637,518   Fire extinguishing apparatus
6,676,081   System for extinguishing and suppressing fire in an enclosed space in an aircraft
6,695,068   Textile and cordage net fire extinguisher system
6,702,033   Hybrid fire extinguisher
6,732,809   Apparatus for distributing granular material
6,739,400   Process and installation for fighting a fire in an aircraft compartment and aircraft
            equipped with such an installation
6,745,847   Fire extinguishing spray nozzle
6,763,894   Clean agent fire suppression system and rapid atomizing nozzle in the same
6,796,382   Fire extinguishing ball
6,810,964   Pressurization system for fire extinguishers
6,840,331   Portable breathable fire extinguishing liquefied gas delivery system
6,849,194   Methods for preparing ethers, ether compositions, fluoroether fire extinguishing
            systems, mixtures and methods
6,851,483   Fire suppression system and solid propellant aerosol generator for use therein
6,860,333   Thermally activated fire suppression system
6,868,915   Method for suppressing developing explosions
6,871,802   Self-modulating inert gas fire suppression system
6,889,775   Retrofitted non-Halon fire suppression system and method of retrofitting existing
            Halon based systems
6,899,184   Fire suppression system and method for an interior area of an aircraft lavatory
            waste container fire protection
6,902,009   Fire extinguisher with means for preventing freezing at outlet
6,907,940   Fast response fluid flow control valve/nozzle
6,935,433   Helium gas total flood fire suppression system
6,981,659   Liquid mist fire extinguisher
6,983,805   Fire blanket
6,988,558   Fire extinguishing method by gas and extinguishing device
7,004,261   Microemulsion mists as fire suppression agents
7,011,164   Engine disabler spray system
7,028,782   System and method for suppressing fires
7,048,068   Fire extinguishing system for large structures
7,066,274   Fire-suppression system for an aircraft
7,082,999   Pressurization system for fire extinguishers
7,083,742   Fluoroiodocarbon blends as CFC and halon replacements
7,089,862   Water pod
7,090,028   Fire suppression using water mist with ultrafine size droplets
7,121,353   Airborne vehicle for firefighting
7,121,354   Fire extinguishing device and method
7,128,163   Self servicing fire extinguisher with external operated internal mixing with wide
            mouth and external CO.sub.2 chamber
H141        Fast dispensing fire extinguisher
RE29,614    Rupturing head for fire extinguishers

Claims

1. An inflator employing a propellant produced from a BTATz material, comprising in combination: a gas cartridge having an outlet for fluid connection to an inflatable article;the gas cartridge including a reaction chamber that contains the BTATz material and controls the gas evolution rate as the BTATz material is ignited;a cover fitted to the reaction chamber; anda housing in which the reaction chamber is positioned including a dome providing a headspace volume for the nitrogen gas produced upon ignition of the BTATz material.

2. A BTATz air bag inflation device comprising in combination: a vented housing in which is positioned an internal cavity filled with BTATz; andan igniter positioned within the bottom of the cavity with its firing leads extending through the housing for connection to a firing mechanism.

3. A BTATz fire suppressant, comprising a container filled with BTATz that, upon ignition, produces fire-suppressing nitrogen gas.

4. A BTATz fire extinguisher, comprising in combination: a gas cylinder containing BTATz and a pressurized gas; anda hand-operated dispensing valve/nozzle that release the pressurize gas to dispense the BTATz.

5. A BTATz fire extinguisher, comprising in combination: a container including a supply of BTATz; anda valve including an igniter to ignite the BTATz whereupon expanding nitrogen gas produced from the burning BTATz pressurizes the container which is then used to suppress a fire.

6. A BTATz inflator, comprising in combination: a housing;a BTATz charge container including an amount of BTATz and a primer charge, the charge container being positioned within the housing;an igniter extending into the primer charge to ignite the primer charge which in turn ignites the BTATz;the housing including an exhaust port such that upon ignition of the BTATz a supply of nitrogen gas is produced that is exhausted from the housing into an article to be inflated.

7. A BTATz tire inflator, comprising in combination: a housing;a charge container containing BTATz, the container including a spark gap for creating a spark when voltage is applied to its leads, the charge container being positioned within the housing;a piezoelectric mechanism including a push-button that when pressed, creates a spark of voltage by the piezoelectric that is supplied to the leads of the spark gap to ignite the BTATz whereupon the nitrogen gas produced therein is vented into housing; anda valve positioned within the housing designed to open a conventional inflation valve of a standard automotive tire, whereupon the nitrogen gas in the housing is used to inflate the tire.

8. A BTATz inflator, comprising in combination: a housing;a charge container containing BTATz positioned within the housing, the charge container including a percussion cap to ignite the BTATz upon being stuck; anda firing mechanism for striking the percussion cap upon the jerking of a lanyarded pull handle.

9. A BTATz alternative fuel engine, comprising a combustion chamber including an igniter to fire a charge of BTATz therein and produce pressurized nitrogen gas to drive an engine.