The present invention describes an apparatus and method for creating dense nano-multi molecular packing of gaseous molecules concentrated in liquid solutions and the ionization of the resultant dense gaseous nano-multi-molecular molecules forming a concentration of free-radicals saturating liquid solutions without cavitation of nuclei and without bubbles for the dissolution, destruction, disinfection and remediation of biological, chemical and electrochemical threats and contaminants.
The huge expansion of the chemical and petroleum industries in the twentieth century has resulted in the generation of a vast array of chemical products for daily use. According to an estimate, there are somewhere between 8 to 18 million molecular species of natural and man-made species organic compounds present in the biosphere, of which as many as 40,000 is pre-dominant in our daily lives (Hou et al. 2003). Since soil and groundwater are preferred sinks for complex contamination, various chemical and biological soil properties are profoundly altered, which effects biodiversity and soil function. The contaminates include the alkanes, monoaromatics, monocyclic, and polycyclic aromatic compounds, chlorinated hydrocarbons, including the polychlorinated biphenyls, nitroaromatics and nitrogen heterocycles. Often the organic contaminates are present as complex mixtures of different chemical species, as are present in petroleum on sites including petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, gas stations, leaking storage tanks and exploration and production well-heads. Halogenated chemicals are potentially found in chemical manufacturing plants or disposal areas, pesticide/herbicide mixing areas, contaminated marine sediments, fire fighting training areas, vehicle maintenance areas, landfills and burial pits, and oxidation ponds/lagoons. Explosive contaminates such as TNT, DNT, RDX and other nitroaromatics may be found on sites like artillery/impact areas, contaminated marine sediments, disposal wells, landfills and burial pits, and TNT washout lagoons. Sites contaminated by heavy metals include battery disposal areas, burn pits, chemical disposal areas, contaminated marine sediments, electroplating/metal finishing shops. Excessive levels of inorganic fertilizer-related chemicals introduced into soil, such as ammonia, nitrates, phosphates, and phosphonates, pharmaceuticals such as estrogens and antibiotics, and harmful bacteria such as salmonella, E-coli and Listeriosis which accumulate and lead to contamination of water courses and air, have resulted in significant environmental deterioration.
The source point of contamination entering water-ways and the environment is not always local directly in the midst of heavily populated areas nor does it occur in convenient locations where there are appropriate resources for containment and remediation, nor is the contaminate readily identifiable, in most cases the source points of contamination occur in remote areas where there is a flourishing heavy agricultural industry. The agricultural industry is one of the largest source point contributors of contaminates entering water-ways and groundwater, from there use of fertilizers, which tend to increase the nutrient load in addition to manure management issues that can be a major source point contributor of harmful bacteria such as salmonella, e-coli and listeriosis and also antibiotics that have been administered to the animals that has been transferred to the environment via their waste.
One of the many negative effects of these various types of contaminates in water is that they often rob the ecosystem of vital oxygen to form huge oxygen deprived (aka dead-zones) that restrict the natural habitats of fish and other eco marine-life. Contaminates such as hydrocarbons and manure have high viscosity that can choke-off photosynthesis and natural occurring atmospheric oxygen in large bodies of water for miles, and pharmaceutical contaminates that alter life genetics, for the most part are invisible to the eye and cannot be easily detected.
The ability to effectively remediate contaminates having varying compositions in remote locations is much desired. But, because of the varying compositions and structures of different types of contaminates it has been difficult to apply one method of remediation that will effectively remediate or render harmless all or most contaminates. Natural bacteria (microbes) can digest contaminates and convert them to carbon dioxide and water. This is called biodegration, this is a natural process that can clean water and sediment, but this method can be very slow and could take years, with a limited influx of natural accruing atmospheric oxygen. Test has shown that the biodegration process can be improved by introducing gaseous oxygen into the microbial environment to enhance and accelerate the digestion process of microbes. There are several types of microbes; bacterium microbes are much larger than microbial viruses-about one-twenty-five-thousandth of an inch long. Microbial viruses are about a millionth of an inch across. So to effectively encourage the bacterium microbe digestion of contaminates via the introduction of oxygen, the oxygen molecule would need to be a nano size relative to that of the (nano) microbe. Oxygen within or contained in a bubble would be too large for bacterium microbes to digest; in relations to oxygen in a bubble the size would be relative to a human-sized bacterium microbe, trying to digest the Sears Tower building. This bubble formation would also overcome the viscosity of waste solution to become buoyant and cause stripping of volatile pollutants and creating an air born pathogen (air pollution). Lab Test show that biodegration is limited by the amount of free available oxygen to support microbial growth. It is desirable that the nano oxygen molecule has a size relative to the nano bacterium microbe to enhance digestion and accelerate the decomposition of contaminates. It would also be much desired to have a process that creates dense multi-cell nano molecular packing of a Gaseous Element such as oxygen, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and/or argon in solution for enhanced bacterium microbe consumption to hyper-accelerate bacterium microbe digestion and remediation of contaminates. Such that if the dense multi-cell nano molecular gaseous element in solution is Oxygen (O2), the resultant packed molecule would be an O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, O8, or O9 or if the dense multi-cell nano molecular gaseous element in solution is Carbon Dioxide (CO2) the resultant packed molecule would be an CO2, CO3, CO4, CO5, CO6, CO7, CO8, or CO9. The Gaseous Element may consist of Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, Argon and/or Helium or combinations thereof.
Competition for increasingly scarce water in the next decade will fuel instability in regions such as South Asia and the Middle East that are important to U.S. national security, according to a U.S. intelligence report. As nations will be more likely to use water as a bargaining chip with each other, according to the report from the Director of National Intelligence. “Many countries important to the United States will experience water problems—shortages, poor water quality, or floods that will risk instability,” the study found. “North Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia will face major challenges coping with water problems.” Rising tensions over water will make resource management a higher priority in international negotiations in which the U.S. could play a role, and nations will need to play closer attention to water security. As water and hydroelectric power become more valuable, dams, irrigation projects and reservoirs could become more attractive targets for terrorists or military strikes.
Harmful contaminates such as terrorist biological threats, pharmaceuticals and microbial viruses cannot be seen, and in most cases are not detected until an outbreak occurs. These contaminates are unique because they have an inherent or engineered resistance to the effects of natural biodegration. Obviously terrorist biological threats are not designed to be biodegradable, but on the hand microbial viruses such as salmonella (salmonellosis), e-coli (Escherichia coli) and listeria (listeriosis) multiply in an oxygen rich environment and can develop muted strains when exposed to pharmaceuticals in the environment that are resistant to antibiotics. Microbial viruses such as e-coli (Escherichia coli) can grow and metabolize glucose in both the presence of oxygen (aerobic conditions) and the absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions).
An effective method for the dissolution, disinfection and destruction of harmful contaminates such as terrorist biological threats, pharmaceuticals and microbial viruses is to deploy ionized disruptors via a photocatalytic semiconducting material having self-cleaning, self-sanitizing, self-deodorizing, self-regenerative properties as disclosed in my previous co-patents, U.S. Pat. No. 6,154,311 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,599,618 and some of my previous work publish in the book “New Weapons for New Wars Nanotechnology and Homeland Security” by Dr. Daniel Ratner and Dr. Mark A. Ratner, such that when the photon energy is greater than or equal to the band gap energy of the semiconducting material, i.e., E=3.2 eV or λ is less than ≦400 nm, an electron, e− is promoted from the valence band into the conduction band, leaving a hole behind. Some of the electrons, which have been excited into the conduction band and some of the holes in the valence band recombine and dissipate the input energy as heat. However, a number of holes diffuse to the surface of the semiconducting material and react to form SuperOxide O2, O3 and OH radicals, which can decompose contaminates leaving a byproduct of CO2 and H2O because the potential energy of the SuperOxide O2, O3 and OH radicals are greater than the bonding energy of the biological threats, pharmaceuticals and microbial viruses. The process would be greatly improved if the ionization of oxygen in solution to from OH radicals was enhanced by a dense multi-cell oxygen molecule consisting of O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, O8, and/or O9 such that there would be an abundant increase of resulting SuperOxide O2, O3 and OH radicals that would hyper-accelerate the dissolution, disinfection and destruction of the molecules stellar cell wall of harmful contaminates.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,294,278 TherOx relates to the enriching of oxygen in water using several fire suppression TF6NN model nozzles as atomizers attached along a stinger running down the center of a pressure vessel distributing carrier fluid spray in a perpendicular direction to the pressure vessels walls, whereas the final effluent is based on the Reynolds Formula to calculate a Laminar flow method of delivering dissolved oxygen into a water solution via a small orifice of capillary tubes having a diameter of 150 microns (=0.005 inches) to 450 microns (=0.017 inches) and a length of 6 cm (=2.362 inches) in length, resulting in little to no bubbles. This method is would not be conducive for solutions having a viscous centipoise value of >1.0 or greater nor for wastewater having suspended solids or particulates such hydrocarbons because the particulates would not pass threw the fire suppression TF6NN model nozzles as atomizers, nor pass threw the capillaries to create laminar flow to compress the oxygen molecule, because the fire suppression TF6NN model nozzles and capillaries would easily clog, thus resulting in no flow, therefore only clean or mostly clean skimmed water can be used as a carrier fluid. Also, they state that capillaries having a larger diameter would cause the gaseous molecule not to bond in solution, therefore resulting in the formation of bubbles.
There is provided in this invention mobile Nano Gaseous Equipment and method for creating dense nano-multi-molecular packing of gaseous molecules concentrated in liquid solutions without cavitation of nuclei and without bubbles and the ionization of the resultant solutions for the dissolution, disinfection, remediation and chemical oxidation of biological, chemical and electrochemical contaminants and threats. The present design of this Nano Gaseous equipment provides a conducive process to allow viscous fluids of wastewater with high nutrient content, water with high content of hydrocarbon oils, fuels, including crude to be processed with a admixture of multiple or singular Gaseous Element/s to create a dense molecular packing of the Gaseous Element in solution under pressure by means of a controlled meticulous adhesion disparity. This process will allow and support biological remediation of contaminates. This process would also incorporate the use of a Photocatalytic Dielectric Semiconducting Element (PDSE) having self-cleaning, self-sanitizing, self-deodorizing, self-regenerative properties to create strong SuperOxide O2 and OH and O3 radicals to destruct the stellar cell wall of harmful bacteria and eliminate biological, chemical and electrochemical threats and contaminates. The nano gaseous technology provides a way to infuse a Gaseous Element such as oxygen, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and/or argon into a Liquid Element known as a gaseous enriched Bio-Gen Solution to promote and support micro-organisms (bacteria) in a controlled bio-remediation process where as the bacteria (microbes) consume the pollutant nutrient. This technology is particularly beneficial in applications that range from homeland security, military, municipal and private wastewater treatment facilities; military and private bilge water treatment facilities; landfills; agricultural impacts to surface and groundwater; remediation of contaminated and environmentally sensitive sites such as fracking brine remediation and applications within the emergency management industry as well in remote locations where power could be an issue the Nano Gaseous equipment maybe comprised of a Molecular Continuous Flow Cell Reactor MCFCR containing a PDSE such that the PDSE may function as a alternative power generation unit to operate the Nano Gaseous equipment, making it suitable for remote applications.
b is a simplified cross-sectional view of the Degasifier;
A view of the Nano Gaseous Equipment referring to
The present design of this Nano Gaseous Equipment provides a mobile and/or stationary skid mounted unit that can be transported and deployed anywhere for the dissolution, disinfection, remediation and/or chemical oxidation destruction of biological, chemical and electrochemical threats and contaminants. The present design of this Nano Gaseous Equipment provides a conducive process to allow viscous fluids of wastewater with high nutrient content, and water with high content of hydrocarbons, oils, fuels, crude, pathogens, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, electrochemicals . . . etc. to be processed with a admixture of multiple or singular gaseous element/s to create a dense molecular packing of the Gaseous Element in solution under pressure by means of controlled meticulous adhesion disparity. This process will allow and support biological remediation of contaminates. This process will also allow for the use of a Photocatalytic Dielectric Semiconducting Element (PDSE) having self-cleaning, self-sanitizing, self-deodorizing, self-regenerative properties to create strong SuperOxide O2 and OH and O3 radicals with a positive ion to destruct the stellar cell wall of harmful bacteria, and destruct chemical, biological, and electrochemical threats. The Nano Gaseous Equipment provides a way to infuse a Gaseous Element such as oxygen, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and/or argon into a Carrier Fluid/Liquid Element known as a gaseous enriched Bio-Gen Solution without cavitation of nuclei and without bubbles to promote and support micro-organisms (bacteria) in a controlled bio-remediation process where as the bacteria (microbes) consume the pollutant nutrient. The Nano Gaseous Equipment also provides a way to infuse densely pack ionized radicals of a Gaseous Element such as oxygen, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and/or argon into a Liquid Element known as an enriched Ionized-Bio-Gen Solution without cavitation of nuclei and without bubbles to cause the dissolution, disinfection and destruction of biological, chemical and electrochemical threats.
Referring to
The Gaseous Element/s being of gaseous nature may be supplied to the Nano Gaseous Equipment by a high pressure cylinder, a, high pressure liquid gas cylinder, or by an on-site high pressure gaseous generator. This Gaseous Element in liquid or gaseous state can include, but not limited to oxygen, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or argon or in combination thereof, and stored as an accessory sub-component. This gaseous source is inter-connected by a high pressure chemically inert hose, or ridged piping to an influent gaseous connector (GASEOUS). This connector is rigidly piped to a high pressure regulator (27) that controls the Nano Gaseous Equipment input pressure and can be set between 15 psi (=1.03 bar) to 400 psi (=31.02 bar) giving greater control of concentration and saturation of the carrier fluid. The regulator is piped to a back flow preventer/check valve (25) to prevent any back pressure from damaging the regulator. The back flow preventer/check valve is piped to an electric solenoid valve/ball valve (26) that is controlled by the PLC to maintain consistent gaseous positive pressure in the MCFCR (13). The solenoid valve is piped to the MCFCR with a tee that allows for a mechanical blow off valve (33) set at 450 psi maximum pressure. The PLC monitors all pressures, and has first option in the logic to control any over pressure and in the event of component failure. The mechanical blow off valve is a way to exhaust any over pressure in a controlled release.
The Liquid Element is liquid carrier fluid that is pumped from the treatment area by a field supply pump as a suction centrifugal or by a submersible pump via a hose with a gallons per minute greater than the design intake of the equipment. The supply pump hose is attached to the influent liquid connector and is hard piped to a degasifier (4). The degasifier is used in the process to trap and bleed off a coarse bubble prior to the hard piping from the degasifier to a positive displacement pump (6). The degasifier component is based on 25 percent of the gallon per minute positive displacement pump. Example a 100 gallon per minute pump would need a degasifier volume of 25 gallons. Now referring to
The lower portion of the MCFCR has a carrier fluid effluent port (8) located approximately 6 inches off the bottom of the flow cell. This port is hard piped to a carrier fluid header (8) with multiple porting to allow for singular or multiple valving controlled by the PLC. The valving train is known as zone valves (23), which enables the PLC to control the enriched carrier fluid direction to a single or to multiple treatment. The zone valves (23) are connected by zone tubing that can be ridged pipe or of a poly material such as PEX flexible tubing that is directed from the base Nano Gaseous Equipment to one or more treatment areas. One end of the zone tubing is interconnected to the zone valve with the opposing end connected to one or more mechanically affixed Meticulous Adhesion Disparity Elements (MADE/s) (34) to enable delivery of the enriched carrier fluid (Liquid Element/Bio Gen Solution) without cavitation of the nuclei and without forming a bubble to the treatment area.
Referring to (
As illustrated in (
Referring to (
To those skilled in the art it would be clear that the function and methodology of the MCFCR is designed to create a longer spray pattern with greater surface area and contact time with the gaseous element resulting in greater efficiencies and greater concentration levels of Liquid Element. Thus using the waste water as carrier fluid at a maximum saturated concentration of a gaseous element and using our Meticulous Adhesion Disparity Element (MADE) hollow flow thru body design to allow mixing waste water with gaseous saturated carrier fluid (Bio-Gen Solution) as a means of diluent to achieve and control desired gaseous levels.
Referring to (
The PDSE herein disclosed comprises a substrate upon which a number of alternating layers of thin dielectric films are deposited. The substrate can be transmissive for all wavelengths of light or non-transmissive to wavelengths of light, but in both cases the dielectric film is highly reactive to wavelengths of light within a predetermined spectrum and is otherwise transmissive. The PDSE can be an optically clear multilayered hard durable thin film comprised of an external contact layer of photocatalytic semiconducting titanium dioxide (TiO2), the TiO2 may be partially composed of its brookite, rutile, and/or anatase phase, but preferable the TiO2 is in the anatase phase having photocatalytic properties that reacts to greater than 90% of all UV with a series of tailored thin film dielectric layers designed with narrow contoured spectral bandwidths to react to UV within a predetermined spectrum. The PDSE can filter light and reacts to UV from a UV output source, which can come from a sunlight, light emitting diode (LED), fluorescent lamps, mercury lamps, gas-discharge lamps . . . etc., the UV is then reflected back to the external contact layers of the PDSE producing a concentration of UV at the external surface of the PDSE, thus initiating self-regenerative photocatalytic reactions of titanium dioxide (TiO2).
A sectional view of a PDSE (46) functioning within the MCFCR (40) referring to (
Preferably, the thin dielectric film 48 is formed of a plurality of alternating layers of photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) 50, having an index of refraction of 2.49, and sub-layers either tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) 49, or zirconium oxide (ZrO2), each of which having an index of refraction of 2.25. Alternatively referring to
mechanical thickness=(3×λ)/(4×n)
Where Lambda “λ” is the wavelength of light to be reflected by the PDSE and “n” is the index of refraction of the material forming the particular layer. By utilizing third order layer the number of necessary layers is deceased to simplify the design and fabrication of the PDSE. The formula assumes a 0° angle of incidence between the incident light wave and a line perpendicular to the surface of the PDSE. The wavelength of light to be reflected may thus be precisely controlled by the choice of an appropriate thickness for the individual dielectric layers. The thin photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) layers 50, 53 and sub-layers 49, 52 may be deposited upon the substrate 47, 54 by any of the traditional methods utilized for dielectric deposition such as Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EBPVD). Two environmentally stable coating methods for producing dielectric films are available, Reactive Ion Plating Deposition (RIPD) and Ion Assisted Deposition (IAD). Both are vacuum deposition methods that produce dense, hard dielectric thin films without columnar microstructures and can be produced by similar ion beam technology. Both Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. of Santa Rosa, Calif. and Omitec Thin Films Ltd., of Tomes, England are examples of facilities where dielectric thin films made using IAD techniques and tailored as demanded by performance requirements, can be applied. Both processes are also desirable because they enable multiple identical PDSE's to be produced within a vacuum chamber at the same time.
An alternative embodiment is provided referring to
Reactive Ion Plating Deposition provides a layer 56a of the material which is denser than that provided by Evaporative Coating 56b due to air gaps in the material introduced by evaporative coating. Thus the index of refraction of the material deposited by Reactive Ion Plating Deposition is greater than that of the same material deposited by Evaporative Coating. Thus we are able to enhance the growth of the developing film by using the secondary ion source 10 eV-100 eV to knock off, shake lose and scatter weaker molecules and allow for more dense packing of molecules within the film structure. The difference in the index of refraction of 0.2-0.3 is observed for photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) 56. Since the same materials is being deposited by both the Reactive Ion Plating Deposition 56a and the Evaporative Coating methods 56b, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the layers is identical although the index of refraction of the layers vary. Since the coefficient of thermal expansion is identical between the plurality of layers, each layer will expand or contract at an equivalent rate such that delamination do not occur. However, the plurality of layers forming the thin dielectric film 56 will provide alternating layers of differing index of refraction so as to provide the necessary reflection of UV within the desired wavelength band to enable the PDSE 55 to properly function as referenced in
An additional embodiment referring to
The PDSE sub-stage concentrator 60 is formed of a plurality of alternating layers of photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) 57a,b having an index of refraction of 2.49, alternatively, the thin dielectric transmissive cover film 58 may be comprised of a plurality of layers of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), and/or zirconium oxide (ZrO2) that are alternatively deposited upon the photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) 57a,b, however, other compounds could be utilized if they are durable and have appropriate indices of refraction for the wavelength of light that is desired to be reflected. In this embodiment, the plurality of photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) layers are covered by a transmissive layer 58 composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2).
An additional preferred embodiment is a PDSE comprised of a decorative/reflective layer 62 as referenced in (
When a functional layer having decorative/reflective properties is placed over an OPB, ISB, and/or OISB leveling layer of a rough unfinished substrate having a non-specular surface the surface becomes level and specular. Such substrates having a rough unfinished non-specular surface would traditionally need to be electro-polished, buffed, or electroplated to provide a smooth level surface to achieve a bright specular finish. Whereas, when an OPB, ISB, and/or OISB inner bonding layer is placed over a rough unfinished non-specular surface of a substrate it provides surface leveling, substrate containment, corrosion resistance, environmental protection and a specular finish. The in addition to the photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer, the PDSE may also include one or more functional layers 65 having varying properties placed over the OPB, ISB, and/or OISB layer to support and protect the decorative/reflective layer and substrate. An OPB, ISB, or OISB coating may also be placed over the decorative/reflective functional layer to provide corrosion and environmental protection. The PDSE may also include a photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer placed over the OPB, ISB, and/or OISB layer, which when exposed to a irradiation of light provides self-cleaning, capabilities over the surface of the substrate able to decomposes most organic and some inorganic contaminates that contacts the surface. The PDSE may also include a hydrophilic layer partially placed over specific areas of photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer, such as to draw more moisture from the Gaseous Element and Carrier Fluid/Liquid Element for increased formation of superoxide O2, O3 and OH radicals to enhance its photocatalytic response.
An alternative embodiment is provided whereby The photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) film is placed on the PDSE substrate by a Sol-Gel Method that comprises one or more layers of photoreactive gelatin which have be subsequently developed by wet chemical processing. In which a substrate is dipped into a titanium alkoxide solution, TPT monomer or polymer chelated with glycol polymer. They're maybe variations in the mixture as far as what is used but the process manner is the same, whereas the substrates are pulled out, and the rate in which the substrate is pulled out determines the coating thickness. The coated substrate is then heated at about 600 degrees ° C. to form the crystalline anatase phase. NanoSurfaces s.r.l. of Milano, Italy is an example of a facility where sol-gel films are made using techniques that are tailored as demanded by performance requirements, and can be applied.
Referring to (
Whereas dense molecular gaseous packing of a Gaseous Element such as carbon dioxide (CO2) in a Bio-Gen Solution perennially cycling through the Gaseous Equipment and MADE obtains a resultant dense multi-cell molecule consisting of CO2, CO3, CO4, CO5, CO6, CO7, CO8, or CO9. The Gaseous Elements may consist of Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, Argon and/or Helium or combinations thereof.
Referring to (
Referring again to (
The MADE's design and method of meticulous adhesion disparity is well suited in treatment applications for solutions such as bio-remediation of municipal waste, which has a matrix of viscous fluid, suspended solids, micro fibers, industrial chemical and organic pollutants.
The MADE's design and method of meticulous adhesion disparity is well suited in treatment applications such as hydrocarbon emulsification and remediation of viscous crude, processed lubricants, fuels, glycols, and other forms of manufactured products derived from crude are very and conducive to this treatment process.
The MADE's design and method of meticulous adhesion disparity is well suited in treatment applications such as chemical oxidation treatment of arsenic and of fluids having a viscosity with a centipoise (cP) value of ≦1 or greater.
The MADE's design and method of meticulous adhesion disparity is well suited in treatment applications such as agricultural manure management of nutrient loading to enable the biological remediation process to treat phosphorous, ammonia, nitrite, nitrates, hydrogen sulfide and consume the nutrient loading rendering greater quality of waste water.
The MADE's design and method of meticulous adhesion disparity is well suited for desalination treatment applications whereby sea water enriched with high concentrations of calcium become crystallized calcium by the infusion of multi-dense molecular packing of carbon dioxide gas forming a calcium-bicarbonate crystal that can be then filtered out rendering a solution that could be disinfected using the PDSE, thus creating potable water meeting standards for human consumption.
Referring to
Referring to (
Referring to (
The supersaturation of Ionized-Bio-Gen solution can be further enhanced, whereas dense molecular gaseous packing of a Gaseous Element creating a Bio-Gen Solution perennially cycling through the Gaseous Equipment MADE obtains a resultant denser multi-cell gaseous molecule, such that if the Gaseous Element is oxygen the resultant effect is O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, O8, and/or O9, such that when contacting the PDSE the resultant effect creates numerous ionized SuperOxide O2 and O3 and OH radicals, so that the resultant discharge back into an atmospheric treatment reactor, waste stream, body of water or lake is a Enhanced Ionized-Bio-Gen Solution. Whereas the Enhanced Ionized-Bio-Gen solution is a truly dissolved ionized gaseous element with no cavitation of the nuclei and no formation of a bubbles, thus creating an supersaturated Enhanced Ionized-Bio-Gen solution having self-cleaning, self-sanitizing, self-deodorizing capabilities and a Ionized-Bio-Gen solution capable of the dissolution, decomposition and destruction of harmful contaminants, biological, chemical and electrochemical threats.
An alternative embodiment is provided whereby the inner walls of the MCFCR are mechanically smooth, buffed, or polished and afterwards coated by an OPB, ISB, or OISB coating by spin or dip coating to prevent surface degradation and to provide a smooth specular finish along the walls of the MCFCR to increase reflectance of UV emitting from the UV source to the PDSE to optimize the photocatalytic response of the PDSE and to maximize the generation of ionized radicals within the 50% of gaseous head of the Gaseous Element and/or within the 50% volume of the enriched carrier fluid/Liquid Element. Another alternative embodiment is provided referring to
An alternative embodiment is provided herein whereby the Nano Gaseous equipment is comprised of one or more Molecular Continuous Flow Cell Reactor/s (MCFCR/s) containing one or more PDSE's/electrolyte located within the 50% head of Gaseous Element and within the 50% volume of Carrier Fluid/Liquid element functioning as an alternative duel phase power generation source to operate the Nano Gaseous equipment, making it suitable for applications in remote locations where power is an issue. Whereas the dense molecular packing of a Gaseous Element within the Liquid Element perennially cycling through the Nano Gaseous Equipment creates covalent molecular bonding of the Gaseous Element to the Liquid Element resulting in molecular weight reduction and density displacement of the Liquid Element by 40% or greater in volume therefore creating a mechanism of catalytic exchange and hydrogenation reactions having a much lighter Bio-Gen-Solution of gaseous enrichment conducive for electron promotion and ion-exchange while allowing for finer separation of total suspended solids (TSS) to drop out or become buoyant. The Gaseous Element may consist of Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, Argon and/or Helium or combinations thereof. Such that if the Gaseous Element is oxygen O2 saturating the Liquid Element the resultant effect is O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, O8, and/or O9, bonded within the Liquid Element causing enhanced bacterium microbe consumption to hyper-accelerate bacterium microbe digestion and remediation of contaminates resulting in the generation of energy via the microbes passing electrons generating heat that may be transferred to an auxiliary storage battery used to power the Nano Gaseous Equipment or the energy maybe used to power the Nano Gaseous Equipment directly. A suitable battery manufacturer is EnerSys Corporation USA.
Phase two energy generation occurs when the photon (UV) energy is greater than or equal to the band gap energy of the PDSE's/electrolyte (i.e., E=3.2 eV or lambda (λ) ≦400 nm) within the MCFCR/s, more specifically located within the 50% head Gaseous Element and within the 50% volume of Carrier Fluid/Liquid Element. The irradiation of UV at a predetermined wavelength contacting the PDSE/s induces photocatalytic reactions within the PDSE/s causing electrons e− to be promoted from the valence band into the conduction band and the electrochemical oxidation of the oxygen ions with hydrogen or carbon monoxide within the 50% head of Gaseous Element and within the 50% volume of Carrier Fluid/Liquid Element. Thus creating within the 50% head Gaseous Element an induced reactively charged semi-plasma from the Gaseous Element and atomized Carrier Fluid Solution from the MCFPI and thus creating within the 50% volume of Carrier Fluid/Liquid Element an induced reactively charged transmission medium of gaseous enriched Bio-Gen Solution having less density. Such that the photocatalytic promotion of electrons from the PDSE/s cause the formation of charged SuperOxide O2−, O3+, and the formation of OH− radicals capable of liberating hydrogen from hydrogen carrying substances and causing the dissolution of contaminates, thus allowing ionized oxygen to combine with hydrogen to provide a charge that may be transferred to an auxiliary storage battery used to power the Nano Gaseous Equipment or the energy maybe used to power the Nano Gaseous Equipment directly making the process self-regenerative. Under these conditions, both the rate and the orders of reaction vary with the sequence of addition of the reactants. Some of the electrons which have been excited into the conduction band and some of the holes in the valence band will recombine and dissipate the input energy as heat, thus leaving a resultant by-product of CO2 and H2O. The PDSE/s within the MCFCR/s operate at low temperature and does not require high temperatures to generate ionized oxygen O2 radicals, also the PDSE photocatalytic reactions are not subject to reaction poisoning.
The ancillary monitoring and control devices would consist of but not limited to a ORP (Oxygen Reduction Potential) meter Conductivity meter H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide) meter dissolved oxygen meter with a LDO probe or membrane unit with a controller that reads the probe signal and interpolates the signal thru the controller with a output signal that could be in millivolts, milliamps, voltage and processed to the Nano Gaseous Equipment PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) as a input value to open and close the zone valves to maintain and control the treatment area gaseous solution to a desired saturation level. The controller value could read as milligrams per litre, parts per million, or a negative or positive voltage reading. The PLC would be preferably be programmed with a high value (reset) and a low value (set) for each of the zone valves to be controlled individually. This would allow for greater gaseous saturation control in one or more treatment areas being treated simultaneously.
Although there has been illustrated and described specific detail and structure of operations, it is clearly understood that changes and modifications may be readily made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and the scope of this invention.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61651883 | May 2012 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 09062757 | Apr 1998 | US |
Child | 13901581 | US | |
Parent | 09315593 | May 1999 | US |
Child | 09062757 | US |