This invention relates to an apparatus and method of printing on demand, binding and trimming a perfect bound soft cover book. Typically, such soft cover perfect bound books comprise a stacked plurality of text pages (referred to as a book block) having one edge which is referred to as the spine. The cover is of a suitable cover stock that is generally thicker (heavier) than the text pages comprising the book block. The cover has a front portion that overlies the front of the book block, a back portion that overlies the back of the book block, and a center portion spanning across the spine of the book block. A suitable adhesive is applied between the spine of the book block and the inside face of the center portion of the cover. The spine of the book block (i.e., the edges of the text pages along one edge of the book block) is imbedded in the adhesive which, upon curing, securely adheres the pages of the book block to one another and to the center portion of the cover, thereby permitting the book to be opened to any page without the pages coming loose.
In high volume production processes for manufacturing such perfect bound books, the pages of each book block are usually jogged by specially developed machines prior to the application of adhesive so as to insure that the edges of the pages are properly aligned with one another. The adhesive, typically a suitable hot melt adhesive, is then applied to the spine of the book block. The cover, which is usually pre-printed, is then folded around the front, spine, and back of the book block and is firmly clamped to the book block proximate the spine during assembly. In this manner, the adhesive is firmly pressed between the spine of the book block and the inner face of the center portion of the cover to properly adhere the cover to the book block while simultaneously adhering the pages to one another.
Typically, such perfect bound books are printed on pages that are somewhat larger than the desired size (i.e., the length and width) of the finished and bound book to be produced. These books, after they are bound, are typically trimmed along three sides to the desired final dimension in a separate trimming machine. Heretofore, such operations were carried out in separate machines that required considerable adjustment to bind books of different sizes and thus were best suited for production runs of many books. In addition, both prior art binding machines and trimming machines were very expensive.
In recent years, book printing has undergone changes as computer technology and laser printers have advanced. This new technology now allows for machines capable printing perfect bound books “on-demand”. Such on-demand printed books come in a variety of formats and thicknesses (i.e., the number of pages in the book). Thus, there is a need for an economical printing and binding apparatus and system which is sufficiently flexible to allow on-demand printed books of varying size and thickness (at least within a limited range) to be bound and trimmed, even if books of different formats (size) and thickness must be bound one at a time (i.e., with production binding runs consisting of a single book copy). There is a further need for such a printing and binding apparatus and system where such printing and binding operations are fully automated such that a store clerk or attendant need merely to select a prepared data file stored on a computer and send the file to the automated printing and binding apparatus. Thus, the printing and binding apparatus would then generate the printed pages of the book block and the cover of the book, adhere the cover to the book block, and then trim the same. There is yet a further need for such an apparatus and system that is capable of producing various sizes and formats of perfect bound books without the need for undue experimentation or adjustment of the apparatus to produce such different size books.
Among the several objects and features of the present invention may be noted;
The provision of such a printing and binding apparatus which has sufficient speed to print, bind, and trim one copy of a book using the perfect binding method while another copy of the book (or a copy of a different book) is being on-demand printed;
The provision of such a printing and binding apparatus which incorporates a printer that prints the pages of a book block and sequentially ejects the printed pages into an initial collator tray that collates the printed pages of the book block;
The provision of such a printing and binding apparatus which jogs the pages of the book block and mills the edges of the pages which form the spine of the book block so as to better accept the adhesive;
The provision of such a printing and binding apparatus which incorporates a book cover printer that prints in color a book cover for the selected book and includes a transfer mechanism that automatically feeds the printed book cover to the printing and binding apparatus where it is then joined with the book block;
The provision of such a printing and binding apparatus which is capable of applying a suitable adhesive disposed between the spine of the book block and the inner face of the center portion of the cover;
The provision of such a printing and binding apparatus which incorporates a clamping section that clamps the cover to margins of the front and back of the book block proximate the spine, with the center portion of the cover substantially aligned with the spine of the book, to allow the adhesive to properly adhere the cover to the spine of the book block and to adhere the pages of the book block to one another;
The provision of such a printing and binding apparatus which includes a trimmer adapted to receive a bound book from the clamping section so as to trim a first edge thereof, to turn the book 90° to trim a second edge thereof, and to turn the book another 90° to trim a third edge thereof;
The provision of such a printing and binding apparatus which automatically adjusts to print, bind, and trim books of different thicknesses and sizes such that a single copy of such different sized books may be reliably printed, bound, and trimmed to specified dimensions without manual set up and without binding attempts of sample book blocks and covers;
The provision of such a printing and binding apparatus having a binding and trimming rate so as to be economical in a variety of commercial settings;
The provision of such a printing and binding apparatus and method which accommodates books within a wide range of sizes (for example the width and length of the book ranging between about 5×7 inches and about 8½×11 inches) and within a wide range of thicknesses (for example ranging from between ¼ inch and approximately 1½ inches, or ranging between about 25 pages and 1000 pages);
The provision of such a printing and binding apparatus which, upon receiving data corresponding to the size (i.e., the length and width of the book) and thickness (i.e., the number of pages) of the book to be bound, automatically controls the book page printer to print the pages of the book to be arranged in the book block, automatically controls the cover printer to print the cover of the particular book to be bound, automatically adjusts the clamping section to accommodate such book with the cover properly aligned with respect to the spine of the book block, and properly adjusts the trimmer so as to trim the excess width and height of the bound book to produce a bound book corresponding to the desired size for the finished book;
The provision of such a printing and binding apparatus in which various sizes and formats of books may be accommodated and where various adjustments within the apparatus for the different operations (e.g., positioning of the spine of the book block with respect to the center of the cover and trimming of the edges or margins of the bound book) are automatically adjusted upon inputting such information into the control system, either manually or with such information being associated with data automatically provided to the system;
The provision of such a printing and binding apparatus which may optionally incorporate a second, book (text) page printer to increase the rate of production of perfect bound books; and
the provision of such a printing and binding apparatus which does not require special training for use, which is of economical construction, which has a relatively fast production speed, and which is reliable in operation.
Other objects will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
Briefly stated, the printing and binding apparatus of a first embodiment of this invention comprises a book page printer that prints the text pages of the book to be bound and collates the pages to form a book block, and a cover printer that prints the cover of the particular book to be bound. In addition, the first embodiment of the invention comprises a carriage receiving the book block and movable along a workpath.
The carriage of the printing and binding apparatus of the first embodiment is configured to hold the book block with the pages of the book block oriented such that the width dimension of the pages of the book block extends vertically and such that a lengthwise edge of the book block is the lowermost horizontal edge of the book block (this lowermost edge being referred to as the spine of the book block). The workpath preferably has a jogging station, a milling station, an adhesive application station, a clamping station, and optionally a trimming station located therealong. The carriage receives the initially collated pages of the book block from the book page (text page) printer transfer mechanism and loosely holds the loose pages of the book block such that a jogging mechanism may mechanically vibrate the pages so as allow the pages to move relative to one another in a manner such that the edges of the pages constituting the spine of the book block are substantially in the same horizontal plane and such that widthwise edges of the pages are substantially in the same vertical planes.
In operation, the carriage securely grips the jogged pages and transports the book block from the jogging station to the milling station where a suitable tool roughs the lowermost margin of the book block so as to insure that the spine is substantially coplanar and has a good adhering surface. The carriage then transports the book block to the adhesive application station where a suitable adhesive is applied to the spine of the book block. The cover printer prints a book cover in black and white or color and transfers the book cover to the workpath where it is precisely positioned in the binding station of the apparatus relative to the book block being conveyed along the workpath of the apparatus. To increase time efficiency, this is preferably done while the book block is being jogged and collated by the printing and binding apparatus and while the book block receives the application of adhesive along the spine of the book block. At the binding station, the cover of the bound book is positioned such that the center portion of the cover is in register with and is substantially aligned with respect to the spine of the book block with the adhesive disposed between the spine of the book block and the inner face of the cover. The binding station includes a clamp which engages the cover proximate the spine and forcefully compresses the front and back portions of the cover onto the front and back faces of the book block to thereby adhere the center portion of the cover to the spine of the book block, while simultaneously bonding the pages of the book block to one another with the adhesive bonding. The carriage further moves the bound book along the workpath to the trimming station that has a trimming blade capable of trimming the non-spine edges of the bound book. The trimming station has a book positioner which positions a first edge of the book to be trimmed in a desired position with respect to the trimming blade such that when the trimming blade is actuated, a predetermined amount of the cover and the book block along this first edge is trimmed from the bound book. The trimming station further has a book turning mechanism that turns the bound book 90° such that a second edge of the book to be trimmed faces the trimming blade. The book positioner moves the bound book relative to the trimming blade so that upon actuation of the trimming blade, a predetermined amount of the cover and the book block along this second edge is trimmed from the book. The book turning mechanism then turns the bound book another 90° such that a third edge of the bound book to be trimmed faces the trimming blade. Once again, the book positioner moves the bound book relative to the trimming blade so that upon actuation of the trimming blade, a predetermined amount of the cover and the book block along this third edge is trimmed from the book. The trimming process produces a perfect bound book trimmed along three edges to a predetermined size.
While the principal advantages and features of the present invention have been described above, a more complete and thorough understanding and appreciation for the invention may be obtained by referring to the drawings and the detailed description of embodiments of the invention, which follow.
Corresponding reference characters represent corresponding parts throughout the various views of the drawings.
Referring now to the drawings, and in particular to
As shown in
The printing and binding apparatus 1 has a frame 3 made of welded square steel tubes. The frame 3 has a pair of spaced horizontal frame rails 3a, 3b extending substantially the length of the apparatus 1. A metal cover or shroud SH may be secured to the frame 3 and is shown in
A conveyor 5 is provided between the frame rails 3a, 3b for transporting or conveying a book block BB along a workpath WP, as will be described hereinafter. The conveyor 5 includes a carriage 7 movable in a horizontal direction on carriage wheels CW which bear on carriage rails 8a, 8b that are each mounted to one of the respective frame rails 3a, 3b, as best shown in
As shown in
Typically, the pages P of the book block BB are duplex printed on both their front and back faces and are rectangular in shape, having a widthwise dimension and a lengthwise dimension. The pages may, for example, range between a 5×7 inch rectangular format and a 8½×11 inch rectangular format, or any number of rectangular formats within the above range. Of course, it should be understood that other formats may be accommodated by adjusting the size of the printing and binding apparatus. The printing and binding apparatus 1 of the first embodiment of the present invention automatically accommodates any book size within the ranges of sizes thicknesses (i.e., number of pages), as is discussed below. One edge of the book block BB is referred to as the spine S of the book block. As contemplated, the spine of the book block corresponds to the lowermost horizontal edge of the book block (which is a lengthwise (major) rectangular dimension of the pages of the book block) when the book block BB is placed in the carriage of the printing and binding apparatus 1, as shown in
As seen in
Positioned adjacent the book page printer 110 and over the jogging station JS of the apparatus 1 is the book page printer transfer mechanism 112. The page transfer mechanism 112 is supported over the jogging station JS by a support panel 128 that projects upwardly from the frame 3 of the apparatus 1 at the left hand end of the apparatus as viewed in
Mounted on the back wall 140 of the tray 134 is a small reversible, direct current clamping mechanism motor 146. The clamping mechanism motor 146 is selectively controlled by the control system CONT 1 to rotate a screw shaft 148 of the motor in opposite directions. The screw shaft 148 is threaded into a clamping arm 150 at one end of the arm. The arm 150 is mounted by a pivot pin 152 connection to the top wall 142 of the tray bin. The arm has a clamping pad 154 at an opposite end of the arm from the screw shaft 148. Rotation of the screwshaft 148 by the clamping mechanism motor 146 in one direction will cause the arm to pivot about its pivot pin 152, thereby allowing the clamping pad 154 to clamp down on the book block that has been initially collated in the bin of the transfer mechanism 112. Rotation of the screwshaft 148 in the opposite direction will cause the clamping pad 154 to pivot away from the book block, thereby releasing the book block. Contact switches (not shown) are mounted on the clamping arm to produce signals that indicate when a book block is clamped securely by the arm and when the arm is moved to a position to release a book block.
A shaft arm 156 is secured to the transfer tray shaft 132 and projects outwardly a short distance from the shaft. An alternating current transfer mechanism motor 158 is mounted to the frame 3 of the apparatus 1 as shown in
In operation, the tray 134 of the book page printer transfer mechanism 112 is first positioned in its page receiving position shown in
As shown in
As noted, the book block BB and cover C may be printed by any method. However, because the printing and binding apparatus 1 of the present invention is capable of instant setup for any size or format of book to be bound (i.e., the size of the pages and the thickness of the book) within a predetermined range of book sizes (e.g., from 5×7 inches to about 8½×11 inches, and any combination of rectangular sizes within such range, and in thickness ranging from about 25 pages to about 1000 pages or more), the printing and binding apparatus of the present invention is particularly well-suited to print, bind, and trim a single copy (or a small run quantity) of perfect bound book(s) printed on-demand as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,465,213, the disclosure of said patent being herein incorporated by reference. In this manner, the on-demand printing apparatus of the present invention can automatically, from the data relating to the size and thickness of the book to be bound, determine (calculate) the width of the center portion CP of the cover C and the width of the trim margins TM1-TM3 so as to bind any size book within the range of book sizes that can be accommodated by the printing and binding apparatus 1 of this invention. The second book may be of an entirely different size and thickness than the first book and the printing and binding apparatus 1 will automatically accommodate this second book so long as the second book is also within the range of book sizes that can be accommodated by the printing and binding apparatus. The binding process of the printing and binding apparatus has a sufficiently fast operational cycle such that it will finish binding and trimming one book while a second book is being on-demand printed.
As shown in
The cover transfer mechanism 116 is comprised of a pair of C-shaped channels 168, 170 having openings that mutually oppose each other and extend along the length of the apparatus from positions over the printer 114 to positions adjacent the binding station BS of the apparatus. A plurality of cross bars 172 extend between the two channels 168, 170 forming the frame of the cover transfer mechanism 116. An additional plurality of bars 174 extend between pairs of the cross bars 172 rigidifying the frame and providing a sliding surface for the cover to be printed by the cover printer 114. A pivot rod 176 extends across an intermediate portion of the frame and has a plurality of pawls 178 secured to the rod. The pivot rod 176 is connected to a switch 180 that controls the operation of the cover transfer mechanism 116 as will be explained.
As shown in
When the book cover printer 114 and its transfer mechanism 116 are operated, as each book cover is printed by the printer, the book cover is ejected from the top of the printer in the direction indicated by the arrow 192 shown in
Regardless of how the book block BB and cover C are printed, the book block BB is loaded in the carriage 7 which is movable along the conveyor 5 in a horizontal direction along the workpath WP. As will be described in detail hereinafter, the carriage 7 is substantially centered on the workpath WP and has a carriage clamping mechanism 9, which is selectively actuated to firmly hold the pages P of the book block relative to one another. This clamping mechanism 9 comprises vertical clamping members 11a, 11b which, upon actuation of the clamping mechanism, are preferably self-centering such that the book block BB, regardless of its thickness, is centered with respect to the workpath WP as it is held within the carriage 7. The self-centering drive of the clamping members 11a, 11b is driven by an electric motor M2. The motor M2 drives the clamping members toward each other via a suitable self-centering gear drive (not shown) such that they firmly grip the book block BB and such that when the motor M2 stalls or stops, the clamping members exert a sufficient gripping force on the book block so as to firmly hold the pages relative to one another as the book block is transported to the various stations along the workpath WP during the various operations that are preformed on the book block, as will be hereinafter described. When the book block is clamped, the clamping members 11a, 11b grip the front and back faces of the book block BB in a manner such that the lower margin adjacent the spine of the book block extends below the clamping members. The spine S of the book block preferably extends approximately 2.0 cm. below the clamping members when clamped.
As shown in
One arrangement for accomplishing this jogging of the book block is shown schematically in
Upon completion of the jogging operation (which may only take a second or so), the carriage clamp motor M2 is energized so at to actuate the clamp 9 to firmly clamp the pages of the book block together and to firmly hold the book block BB in a fixed position relative to the carriage 7 as the carriage is moved along the workpath WP. The thickness of the book block BB being bound and the clamping pressure exerted by the clamp members 11a, 11b is accommodated by energizing motor M2 to close the clamp and to allow the motor M2 to stall upon the clamp member firmly engaging the book block and exerting a clamping force thereagainst.
The control system CONT 1, upon being supplied with the size of the book block and cover of the book being bound, can then calculate the position of the leading edge of the book block relative to the carriage by reference to the vertical carriage surface 21. Thus, both the trailing and leading edges of the book block can be accurately located relative to each station of the printing and binding apparatus as well as the trimmer as the carriage is moved along the workpath from one station to the next.
Additionally, the horizontal plate 13 of the jogging station serves as a reference surface for establishing the elevation of the spine S of the book block as the latter is transported along the workpath WP. As noted above, the carriage 7 is moved along the workpath WP by the stepping motor M1 via the timing belt and pulley arrangement CB such that the position of the carriage (and hence the position of the book block carried thereby) may be accurately controlled at any point along the workpath to an accuracy of within about 0.005 inches or about 0.127 mm.
The carriage 7 and the book block BB carried thereby are moved by the conveyor 5 from the jogging station JS to a second station along the workpath WP. This second station is a milling station MS at which a rotary milling or spine grooving head 23 mills or otherwise removes material from the lowermost edge of each of the pages (i.e., the spine S) of the book block to thereby roughen the surface of the spine to better bond the adhesive to the spine and to insure that the spine is coplanar. The milling station MS is provided with a vacuum dust or debris collector 27, driven by a motor M3. The inlet opening for the dust collector is shown at 29 in
Downstream of the milling station MS along the workpath WP is next located an adhesive application station AS. As shown, this adhesive application station includes a hot melt adhesive bath 31 (as shown in
The adhesive application station AS further has an adhesive applicator roller 33 which is partially immersed in the liquid hot melt adhesive and which is rotary driven by a motor M5 such that the roller picks up a coating of the liquid hot melt adhesive on its cylindrical face. The upper portion of roller 33 is positioned to be generally tangent to the spine of the book block BB as the book block is conveyed by the carriage 7 along the workpath WP over the roller 33. Thus, as the spine of the book block is conveyed over the roller 33, a quantity of hot melt adhesive is applied to the spine of the book block. The roller 33 is rotary driven by the motor M5 at approximately the same speed as that of the carriage 7 moving along the workpath WP so as to pick up molten adhesive from the bath 34 and lay down a substantially continuous coating of the liquid hot melt adhesive on the spine S of the book block as the latter is conveyed over the roller. The roller motor M5 is energized and de-energized by a micro-switch (not shown) tripped by movement of the carriage 7 as it approaches and leaves the adhesive station. The hot melt bath and roller are commercially available. It should be understood that the bath 31 is provided with suitable heaters so as to heat the adhesive to a desired temperature and is further provided with a thermostat control system to maintain the adhesive in the bath at a desired temperature.
While the apparatus described herein is shown to utilize a hot melt adhesive, those skilled in the art will recognize that a cold (room temperature) adhesive could be used as well.
The book block BB is conveyed by the carriage 7 from the adhesive application station AS to the next work station, which is the binding station BS. At the binding station the binding clamp 35 is provided. The binding clamp is preferably of the type that is commercially available. The binding clamp includes a pair of self-centering, power operated clamp members 35a, 35b, driven by a motor M6, that are disposed on opposite sides of the book block. The clamp members 35a, 35b are driven between their open and closed positions by the motor M6 by means of a suitable gear train (not shown). As shown in
Referring to
When the carriage 7 with the book block therein is stopped at the binding station BS, the book block is positioned above the cover C with the spine S of the book block over the center portion CP of the cover. With the book block BB in such position, it will be understood that the book block is substantially in register with the center portion of cover C and that the book block is substantially centered in heightwise relation with the cover. The book block is transported from the adhesive application station to the binding station in such a short time that the adhesive substantially does not appreciably cool or otherwise begin to set up before the binding operation begins. With the book block substantially correctly positioned with respect to the cover (i.e., the center of the spine S of the book block is centered with respect to the cover both laterally and longitudinally), a combination hydraulic pump/electric motor PM4 is energized so as to pressurize a fluid cylinder 37 to effect the raising of the clamp assembly 35 from its lowered position to a raised binding position in which the clamp assembly 35 is substantially horizontal. As the clamp is raised, a surface 38 of the clamp between the clamp members 35a, 35b is moved into engagement with the center portion CP of the cover from below the outer face of the center portion of the cover C so as to raise the cover and to force it into adhesive engagement with the adhesive applied to the spine S of the book block. The clamp members 35a, 35b are then power driven toward each other by means of a motor M6 which acts through a self-centering mechanism so as to insure that the clamp members 35a, 35b substantially simultaneously engage the outer surface of the cover of the book immediately above the level of spine S. As the clamp members 35a, 35b close on the cover C and the book block BB, the motor M6 stalls, thus insuring that sufficient clamping force has been applied to properly bind the book.
As the clamp members 35a, 35b clamp on the cover of the book block, the cover stretches around the spine and the lower margins of the book block BB proximate the spine S to insure that the cover tightly conforms to the spine of the book block, preferably without the formation of wrinkles in the center portion CP of the cover C. While it has not been found necessary to do so in all cases, for some cover stock materials which are thicker than conventional cover stock material, the cover C may be scored along either side of the center portion CP of the cover in the manner described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,142,721 which is herein incorporated by reference. The clamp members 35a, 35b hold a clamping force on the front and back face of the cover of the book being bound just above the level of the spine S for only a few seconds to allow the adhesive to properly set (i.e., cool), thereby binding the book block to the inner face of the center portion of the cover. The outer surfaces of the clamp members 35a, 35b may be coated with a suitable low friction/non-stick material such as a Teflon tape to insure that cover C does not adhere to the clamp members and to insure that any excess hot melt adhesive may be readily cleaned from the clamp members. It should be understood that the spine S of the book block is not necessarily in a tight compressive relation with the cover, after the binding clamp 35 has been moved fully to its raised position, but that there may be a desired gap (e.g., a few mm) between the bottom face of spine S and the inner face of the center portion CP of the cover so as to insure that a layer of adhesive remains between the spine and the cover so as to result in the satisfactory binding of the book block to the cover. It should also be understood that if the spine were tightly forced onto the inner face of the cover, excessive amounts of the still liquid (or otherwise flowable) adhesive may be forced from between the spine and the cover so as to result in a weakened binding of the book. Furthermore, it should be understood that the transverse grooves (not shown, but which may, for example, be about ⅛ inch wide, 0.020 inches deep, and on about ⅜ inch centers) which are optionally formed in the spine S of the book block by the milling knife 31 act as a reservoir for holding an extra amount of the adhesive and to present additional surface area for the adhesive bonding of the pages to the cover and to one another. Yet further, it should be understood that, with the pages of the book block BB held tightly by the carriage clamp members 11a, 11b at the binding station and with the cover C disposed on the upper face of the binding clamp assembly 35 (as positioned by locating pins 36), the upward movement of the binding clamp assembly 35 causes the cover to splay outwardly relative to the book block with the front and back cover FC and BC, respectively, being in nearly horizontal position beneath the carriage 7.
Yet further, it should be understood that the hot melt adhesive, as above described, may be omitted and replaced with a room temperature adhesive, such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,142,721, which is herein incorporated by reference. In such instance, rather than applying a coating of a hot melt adhesive to the spine S of the book block BB (as above described), a suitable quantity of the room temperature, solid adhesive may be adhered to the inner face of the center portion of the cover C or to the spine S of the book block as the book block is conveyed along the workpath WP. In the event that such room temperature adhesive is used, the adhesive station AS, heretofore described, is replaced with the adhesive application station, as described in the above noted U.S. Pat. No. 6,142,721. Furthermore, the binding station BS, as described above, is replaced with the ultrasonic adhesive activation system described in the above-noted patent. In such ultrasonic adhesive activation systems, an ultrasonic horn (tool), as described in the above-noted patent, is brought into working engagement with the lower surface of the center portion CP of the cover C and the tool is caused to resonant to thereby transmit ultrasonic energy from the tool through the thickness of the cover so as to activate or melt the adhesive. The ultrasonic energy aids in forcefully driving the now activated or liquefied adhesive into adhesive engagement with pages comprising the book block BB. In this manner, the ultrasonic energy forces the adhesive vertically a short distance (e.g., a few hundredths of an inch) between the lowermost edges of the pages of the book block adjacent the spine S to imbed the edges of the pages of the book block into the adhesive and to insure that the inner face of the center portion of the cover is adhered to the spine of the book block. It should be noted that the time required for such ultrasonic energy to activate the adhesive may be very short (a fraction of a second), depending on the thickness and height of the book being bound. Upon removal of the ultrasonic energy, the adhesive will substantially instantaneously cool, thus allowing the bound book to be quickly released from the clamping members 35a, 35b. In accordance with this invention, the printing and binding apparatus 1 may be readily converted between use of hot melt adhesives and room temperature adhesives which must be ultrasonically activated. In order to readily accomplish this changeover, the adhesive application station AS using hot melt adhesive (as herein described) may be removed from the frame 3 as a unit and replaced with the room temperature adhesive applicator and ultrasonic adhesive activation unit, as described in the above-noted patent.
Within the broader aspects of this invention, the adhesive application station may apply the adhesive directly to spine S of the book block BB. Alternatively, the adhesive may be applied first to a central or selected area of cover C. The term “application of adhesive so as to be disposed between the spine and the cover upon binding of the book”, or similar words, is intended to mean either applying the adhesive directly to spine S or directly to a designated area of the cover C.
As noted above, the cover C and the pages P constituting the book block BB are oftentimes printed on oversize stock which needs to be trimmed along three (3) edges or trim margins TM1, TM2 and/or TM3 (i.e., along the top, outer, and bottom margins) of the bound book so as to produce a bound book of a precise, predetermined size with uniform top, bottom, and outer edges. The cover stock from which the cover C of the on-demand printed book is produced may be of a size such as to allow a wide range of book thicknesses to be printed using the same stock size for the cover. To facilitate the use of a common cover stock size, the width of the cover center portion CP is adjustable to accommodate books of a wide range of thicknesses and each graphic of each cover can be printed substantially centered with respect to the stock cover size, such that no mechanical adjustments are necessary to print books of varying thicknesses.
In accordance with one aspect of the printing and binding apparatus 1 of the present invention, the carriage 7 further transports the now bound book from the binding stations BS to another work station, referred to as the trim station TS, along the workpath WP. In the manner as will be described, one, two, or three edges of the bound book (i.e., the book block BB and the cover C) are trimmed (i.e., the above-described trim margins TM are removed) at the trimming station TS to provide the bound book with a precise, predetermined size having neat and uniform edges. Referring to
As the carriage 7 moves along the workpath WP to the trimming station TS, the book clamp motor M2 is energized so as to open the carriage clamp members 11a, 11b and thereby release the bound book B, allowing the book to drop vertically downwardly into a trimming nest, as generally indicated at 41. After the book has been released and dropped into the nest 41, the carriage 7 is advanced along the workpath WP so that the vertical reference surface 21 of the carriage again engages the trailing edge of the book block and nudges the book in the nest 41 in a forward direction (i.e., toward the right-hand end of the apparatus 1, as shown in
The nest 41 of the trimming station TS is mounted on a vertically movable nest elevator 43 that may be selectively moved in the vertical direction. The elevator is moved along a vertical track 45 on track rollers 47 by a power screw drive 49 which includes a vertical drive screw 51 journalled in bearings 53 mounted to the frame 3 of the printing and binding apparatus. The drive screw is rotary driven by an electric stepper motor M7 through a timing belt and pulley drive, as indicated at 55. In this manner, the nest 41 is moved to its raised position (not shown) at which location it receives the bound (but not yet trimmed) book B from the carriage 7. With the book B received in and properly positioned relative to the nest 41, the stepper motor M7 is energized so as to rotate the drive screw 51 which lowers the nest 41 from its raised to its lowered trimming positions (as shown in
The nest 41 includes a book clamp 57, as best shown in
As generally indicated at 59, a book shear or trimmer is provided which may be adjustably moved into operating relation with a book held in the nest 41 for trimming one, two, or three sides or edges of the book. Preferably, the trimmer 59 is a knife shear of sufficient length to trim the lengthwise dimension of the largest book B to be bound and trimmed by the apparatus 1 of the present invention. The trimmer 59 is vertically mounted on a trim carriage 61 which is mounted for horizontal movement toward and away from an edge of the book B held in the nest 41 such that the horizontal position of the trimmer (and more particularly the vertical plane of the blade of the trimmer) relative to the edge of the book being trimmed determines the amount of the margin of the book B to be trimmed. Of course, the horizontal position of the trim carriage 61 (and hence the position of the trimmer 59) is under the control of the control system CONT 1, as will be explained.
As best shown in
Movement of the trim blade 63 between its open and closed positions is power operated by means of a fluid cylinder, as indicated at 69 (see
As noted, the trimmer 59 is mounted on the trim carriage 61 for movement in the horizontal direction toward and away from an edge of the book B being trimmed as the book is held in the nest 41. More specifically, the trim carriage 61 is mounted on track rollers 73 which roll on a trim carriage track 75 that is rigidly mounted to the frame 3 for movement of the trimmer between a retracted position (as shown in
The trimmer 59 described above is the trimmer described in my U.S. Pat. No. 6,193,458, which is herein incorporated by reference. It will be understood, however, that while such a trimmer works well in this instance, a trimmer, as disclosed in my pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/960,148, which is herein incorporated by reference, may be used as well. In particular, it will be understood the blade and actuation system of this last-mentioned U.S. Patent Application may be used in place of the blade 63 and blade actuation system, as above.
As shown best in
Preferably, the book B is positioned in the nest 41 such that the geometric center of the finished book is coaxial with the centerline of the book clamp cylinder 85 and the shaft 95 such that, as the book is rotated, the book will rotate about the axis of the finished book (i.e., the center of the book as trimmed).
As shown best in
Referring to
With the book positioned within nest 41 in the first position such that the book's leading vertical edge and its trim margin TM1 are disposed toward the shear 59, the control system CONT 1 operates to energize stepper motor M8 an amount so as to move shear trimmer 59 horizontally from its retracted position (as shown in
After trimming of the first trim margin TM1, the stepper motor M8 is energized so as to horizontally move the trim carriage 61 back to its retracted position from its cutting position. After the shear 59 is clear of the book circle, the stepper motor M9 is energized so as to index the nest 41 (and hence the book held therein) 90° about the horizontal axis of the shaft 95 to dispose a second edge or trim margin TM2 of the book in a vertical position. The control system CONT 1 is provided with information so as to calculate the shear plane of the shear 59 in relation to the book, as discussed above, so that the second trim margin TM2 may be trimmed from the book. With the book rotated to this second position, the stepper motor M8 is energized to move the trim carriage 61 in the horizontal direction toward the book so that the shear plane of the blade 63 is positioned where the shear 59 can remove the second trim margin TM2 from the book. Again, pump PM2 is energized to actuate the shear clamp 67 and then the shear pump PM1 is energized so as to trim the second trim margin TM2 from the book. Once again, the pump motors PM1, PM 2 are energized so as to open the clamp and move the shear blade into its open position and the stepper motor M8 is energized so as to horizontally move the trim carriage 61 clear of the book. Finally, the book is indexed through another 90° angle so as to position a third edge or trim margin TM3 of the book in a vertical position disposed toward the trim blade 63. In the manner heretofore described, the shear carriage is moved inwardly toward the book and the vertical plane of the shear blade is positioned so as to trim the third trim margin TM3 from the book, thereby forming a book having three trimmed edges and an accurate, predetermined size. After the trimming is complete, the shear carriage is moved to its retracted position where it is clear of the book and the nest clamp cylinder is retracted to thereby release the book.
It should be noted that it may not always be required to return the trimmer 59 to its retracted position after trimming of each edge of the book and that the trim carriage may be maintained in substantially its trimming position, moving only a minimal distance while the book is rotated from one trimming position to another. By not having to retract and advance the trimmer fully between its trim and retracted positions when trimming each edge of the book, the time required for trimming the book may be reduced. Furthermore, by moving the trimmer only a minimal amount, as needed during the rotation of the book, the book can remain positioned between the shear clamp 67 of the trimming carriage 61, albeit without the shear clamp firmly grasping the book, as the book is rotated. This prevents the opposite faces of the book cover from naturally splaying apart and where they could possibly fail to reenter the shear clamp 67.
An alternative embodiment of the printing and binding apparatus of the invention is shown in
The second, book printer assembly 200 comprises a printer 202 and a transfer mechanism 204. The printer 202 of the second, book printer assembly 200 is preferably a black and white printer that is identical to the printer 110 of the first, book page printer assembly described above. It should be understood, however, that the printer 202 of the second, book page printer assembly 200, could be any type of printer, including a color printer if so desired, and need not be identical to the printer 110 of the first, book page printer assembly. The second printer 202 is mounted to the frame 3 of the printing and binding apparatus 1 adjacent the trimming station TS at the opposite end of the workpath WP from the printer 110 of the first, book page printer assembly. Like the first, book page printer assembly, the printer 202 of the second, book page printer assembly 200 is preferably mounted to the printing and binding apparatus 1 by a support platform 206 that is attached to the frame 3 of the printing and binding apparatus by a vertically hinged support member 208. In general, the printer 202 of the second, book page printer assembly 200 functions identically to the printer of the first, book page printer assembly.
The transfer mechanism 204 of the second, book page printer assembly 200 comprises a rectangular tray 210 and a support bracket 212. The tray 210 is preferably a mirror image of the tray of the first, book page printer assembly and includes identical features such as a box shaped bin having first 214 and second 216 side walls, a rear wall 218, and a top wall 220, a vibrating mechanism 222 for initial jogging and collating of the printed pages of the book block, and a screw driven clamping arm 224. A shaft 226 is mounted to the support bracket 212 for rotation about the shaft's axis. The tray 210 is mounted on the shaft for rotation with the shaft. Like a mirror image of the shaft 132 of the first, book page printer assembly, the left most end 228 of the shaft 226 of the second, book page printer assembly is oriented slightly above the opposite right end 230 of the shaft such that the shaft and tray 210 are angled slightly from the horizontal.
Unlike the transfer mechanism 112 of the first, book page printer assembly, the support bracket 212 of the second, transfer mechanism 204 is constructed with a C-shaped portion 232 of the bracket that supports the opposite ends of the tray shaft 226. The C-shaped portion 232 is mounted to the frame 3 of the printing and binding apparatus 1 for pivoting movement about a vertical axis defined by a main support member 234 of the support bracket. This pivoting connection allows the C-shaped portion 232 of the bracket 212, along with the tray 210 mounted thereto, to swing between an operational position, as shown in
Due to the pivoting movement of the tray 210 and the C-shaped portion 232 of the support bracket 212 with respect to the printing and binding apparatus 1, the rotation of the tray shaft 226 with respect to the C-shaped portion of the support bracket is driven by an alternating current tray shaft drive motor 238 that is mounted directly to the C-shaped portion of the support bracket such that it can pivot therewith. When the C-shaped portion 232 of the support bracket 212 is in the operational position, the tray shaft drive motor 238 can be operated by the control system CONT 1 to selectively rotate the shaft, together with the tray 210, between a printed page receiving position shown in
In operation, the transfer mechanism 204 of the second, book page printer assembly 200 operates in a similar manner to the transfer mechanism 112 of the first, book page printer assembly. Thus, the transfer mechanism 204 receives pages from the printer 202 of the second, book page printer assembly 200 with the tray 210 in the printed page receiving position, initially jogs and collates the printed pages of a book block, clamps the printed book block on the tray, rotates the tray to its book block depositing position, and releases the book block to allow the book block to fall into the carriage 7, in the same manner as described above in reference to the first, book page printer assembly.
Unlike the transfer mechanism 112 of the first, book page printer assembly, the transfer mechanism 204 of the second, book page printer assembly rotates the tray 210 to its book block depositing position and releases the book block into the carriage 7 when the carriage is at the opposite end of the workpath WP, adjacent the trimming station TS. Just prior to this point, the carriage 7 will have deposited a bound book into the nest 41 of the trimming station TS and the carriage is therefore empty. Under the control of controller CONT 1, the carriage is moved beyond trimming station TS to a position below transfer mechanism 204 to receive the book block printed by the second printer 200. Then, after the book block is received in the carriage, the carriage is returned to the opposite end of the workpath WP so as to convey the second book block to the jogging station JS, to the milling station MS, to the adhesive application station AS, to the binding station BS, and thence to the trimming station TS in a manner similar to that described in regard to the book block printed by the first printer 110. Of course, while these operations are being carried out on the second book block, printer 110 may be printing another book block.
A horizontal positioning plate 240 is mounted to the printer binding apparatus 1 in a position aligned with the tray of the second transfer mechanism 204 and just beneath the carriage 7 when the carriage is positioned beneath the transfer mechanism 204 of the second, book page printer assembly 200 as shown in
Once the carriage 7 arrives at the jogging station JS with the book block printed by the second, book page printer assembly 200, the clamping members 11a, 11b of the carriage 7 are released to allow the book block to drop onto the horizontal surface 13 of the jogging station JS. From this point, the pages of the book block are jogged and the book binding process proceeds in the same manner as it would if printed by the first book page printer assembly as described above.
Thus, by incorporating the second, book page printer assembly 200 in the additional embodiment of the printing and binding apparatus of the invention, the production rate of perfect bound books can be increased by alternating the feeding of the carriage with a book block printed by either of the first and second, book page printer assemblies. The increased production rate should be apparent in situations where the printing of a book block requires more time than it takes the carriage 7 to move along the work path from the jogging station JS to the opposite end of the work path and then return to the jogging station during the production of a perfect bound book. This is often the case when the books being bound have large numbers of pages. Incorporating the second, book page printer assembly 200 in the additional embodiment of the printing and binding apparatus also allows the printing and binding apparatus to continue production of perfect bound books when either of the printers of the first and second, book page printer assemblies is being serviced.
As mentioned above, the second, book page printer assembly 200 is positioned adjacent the trimming station TS which periodically requires maintenance. To perform such maintenance, it is helpful to have access to the trimming station TS from above. This is why the C-shaped portion 232 of the support bracket 212 is pivotable about the main support member 234 of the support bracket between the operational position and the maintenance position. As best shown in
As noted, the binding and trimming apparatus 1, as shown in
As previously noted, the apparatus of this invention is intended for printing, binding and trimming perfect bound books on demand. That is, such on demand printed books are stored in a digital library in a variety of digital formats. For example, the text pages of the books may be scanned and stored in a bit mapped format, or they stored in a PDF or other widely used format. The covers for the books are also stored in the digital library. Such covers may also be stored in a variety of formats. The digital library is typically stored on a so-called book server computer (not shown) and may be controlled by a book director computer program, the essential details of which are disclosed below. As described in the above-noted U.S. Pat. No. 5,465,213, the book server may be located proximate the apparatus of this invention or may be located remotely and connected over a wide area network, such as the Internet. Persons may access the system to order a book to be printed on demand in a variety of ways. One preferred way would be to allow an Internet connection such that a customer could access the book server remotely, view the books in the digital library, and upon choosing a book, ordering the book and commanding the apparatus of the present invention to print bind and trim the selected book.
The control logic for operating a printing, binder, trimmer apparatus, as shown in
The above steps complete the printing of the book block BB and of the cover C, the laminating of the cover C, the binding of the book block to the double laminated cover C, and the trimming of a first book. It will be understood that while the first book is being so printed, laminated, bound and trimmed, a second book may be substantially simultaneously be printed by the second text printer 200. Depending on the number of pages in the books being printed, the printing of the text pages of the book block typically determines the length of time necessary to print and bind a book with the apparatus of this invention. Thus, by providing two text page printers, the throughput of the apparatus can be significantly increased.
A program listing for the computer program for controller controllers CONT1, CONT 2, CONT 3, and CONT 4 is set out in a CD filed with the prosecution history of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/359,975, which is herein incorporated by reference. This program is in Visual Basic language and reflects the code for controlling operation of the apparatus disclosed herein as of the filing date of the present application.
While the disclosure herein describes the use of sheet fed text page printers 110 and 200, it will be understood that in certain applications web fed printers may be used. In such case, after the text pages are printed on a web of paper, the text pages are cut from the web and are accumulated so as to form the book blocks BB, as above described, and then the books are bound and trimmed in the manner described.
While the present invention has been described by reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that modifications and variations of the invention may be constructed without departing from the scope of the invention defined in the following claims.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/359,975, filed Feb. 21, 2006 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,694,947, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/020,266, filed Dec. 7, 2001 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,014,182), which is a continuation in part of the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/793,671, filed Feb. 26, 2001 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,443,682) which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/301,918, filed Apr. 29, 1999 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,193,458) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/020,266 also claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/254,106, filed Dec. 8, 2000, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/281,524 filed Apr. 4, 2001 All of the above-said applications are incorporated herein by reference.
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20100266368 A1 | Oct 2010 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 11359975 | Feb 2006 | US |
Child | 12660018 | US | |
Parent | 10020266 | Dec 2001 | US |
Child | 11359975 | US | |
Parent | 09301918 | Apr 1999 | US |
Child | 09793671 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 09793671 | Feb 2001 | US |
Child | 10020266 | US |