Patent Grant
8156779
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method of producing a spark plug.
In a metal shell of a spark plug, usually, a threaded portion for screwing into a cylinder head is formed in an outer peripheral surface by a threading process. Specifically, a spark plug is attached in a form in which a threaded portion formed on a metal shell of the spark plug is screwed into a cylinder head while clamping a gasket between a gasket seat surface of a gas seal portion formed in the metal shell, and a gasket supporting surface of the cylinder head.
In recent automobile engines and the like, in accordance with tighter regulations on exhaust gas, an air-fuel mixture in the lean (rare) region is often used (a so-called lean burn engine). In a lean burn engine, the fuel mixture ratio is low. Depending on the direction of a ground electrode of a spark plug in a combustion chamber, therefore, a spark discharge gap may be hidden behind the ground electrode from a swirl flow (mixture flow) which is generated during the compression stroke in the combustion chamber, and hence ignition failure sometimes occurs. In such an engine, consequently, it is requested to attach a spark plug with adjusting a ground electrode to an optimum position for ignition. In this case, in order to maintain a regular compression stroke of a gasket, the screw advancement distance in attachment of a threaded portion of a metal shell to a cylinder head is limited to a specified range. In order to adjust the ground electrode to a constant angular position in attachment to an engine, the attachment threaded portion must be rolling-formed on the main shell so that the starting angular position is constant with respect to the joining position of the ground electrode.
In order to satisfy the requirement, Patent Reference 1 discloses a spark plug producing apparatus in which a die and a workpiece are previously positioned so that a constant distance corresponding to the rolling starting position in the direction of the screw thrust is formed between an end face which is opposed to a to-be-threaded portion of a gas seal portion, and an end face of the die corresponding to the positioning end face on the side the workpiece. In this apparatus, while the die and the workpiece are relatively rotated after positioning, the die begins the approach toward the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece so that the thread rolling is started at the thread starting position which is specified in accordance with the joining position of the ground electrode. At the time of the application of Patent Reference 1, however, the production of a vehicle on which such spark plugs are mounted is not largely performed, and the production capacity of such an apparatus is not strictly requested.
Patent Reference 1: JP-A-2001-284015
In Europe and the like, for example, the ratio of diesel vehicles is increasing with the popularization of the common-rail diesel (diesel direct injection) technique. In accordance with this, the development of a direct injection engine which is high in fuel efficiency and output power, and to which an injection mechanism (for example, a piezo injector) of a common-rail diesel is applied is advanced also in a gasoline engine vehicle. In this direct injection engine, more precise fuel injection is required, and the positional limitation of the ground electrode of a spark plug in a state where the spark plug is attached to the engine is more severe. Recently, the kinds of vehicles on which the direct injection engine is mounted are rapidly increased. The production apparatus disclosed in Patent Reference 1 has a problem that the accuracy of the thread rolling starting position and the rolling efficiency are not always sufficient. When a workpiece is attached to a workpiece supporting portion of a rolling apparatus, fore example, there is a possibility that an error occurs in the positioning accuracy of the workpiece in the thrust direction. Furthermore, the die and the workpiece are previously positioned in the thrust direction, and then the approach of the die to the workpiece is started while relatively rotating the die and the workpiece. Therefore, the time period from the setting of the workpiece to the apparatus, to the start of the rolling process is prolonged to cause the rolling efficiency to be lowered.
It is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus for producing a spark plug in which thread rolling is performed in such a manner that the starting position of a threaded portion to be rolling-formed, and the joining position of a ground electrode to the tip end face of a workpiece are made constant, and the formation accuracy of the threaded portion starting position with respect to the ground electrode joining position can be enhanced, and also a method of producing a spark plug which uses the method.
In order to solve the object, the apparatus for producing a spark plug of the invention comprises:
a workpiece supporting portion which rotatably holds a workpiece about a center axis, the workpiece being a shaft-like workpiece which is to be formed as a metal shell of the spark plug, and in which a gas seal portion is formed on an outer peripheral surface of a basal end side of a to-be-threaded portion while being radially outward projected;
a die which is rotationally driven in a rolling performing direction by die rotation driving means, and which performs a thread rolling process on an outer peripheral surface of the workpiece held by the workpiece supporting portion;
workpiece conveying means for conveying the workpiece supporting portion to which the workpiece is attached, from a retracting position for preparation of rolling to a rolling position which is determined in a form where a predetermined rolling relief gap remains between an end face of the gas seal portion on a side of the to-be-threaded portion, and an end face of the die corresponding to a positioning end face on a side of the workpiece;
approach driving means for, in order to start the thread rolling process, performing an approach drive of relatively approaching the die in a rotationally driven state and the workpiece each other in a radial direction;
rolling relief gap displacement amount specifying means for, in advance of a start of the approach drive, measuring a value of the rolling relief gap formed between the workpiece conveyed to the rolling position and the die, and specifying a rolling relief gap displacement amount which is a displacement amount from a target value of the rolling relief gap;
thrust direction correcting means for thrust-correcting a positional relationship between a threaded portion formed in the die and the workpiece, in a direction along which the specified rolling relief gap displacement amount is eliminated;
approach driving condition calculating means for calculating the approach driving conditions on a basis of the specified rolling relief gap displacement amount so that, in a circumferential direction of the workpiece, a positional relationship between a starting position of the threaded portion which is rolling-formed, and a joining position of a ground electrode to a tip end face of the workpiece is constant; and
approach drive controlling means for controlling an operation of the approach driving means on a basis of the calculated approach driving conditions.
Furthermore, the apparatus for producing a spark plug of the invention is characterized in that thread rolling is performed on an outer peripheral surface of a metal shell by using the above-described apparatus for producing a spark plug of the invention.
According to the invention, in advance of the start of the approach drive, the value of the rolling relief gap formed between the workpiece conveyed to the rolling position and the die is measured, the rolling relief gap displacement amount which is a displacement amount of the rolling relief gap from the target value is specified, and the positional relationship between the threaded portion formed in the die and the workpiece is thrust-corrected in the direction along which the specified rolling relief gap displacement amount is eliminated. Then, the approach driving conditions are calculated on the basis of the specified rolling relief gap displacement amount so that, in the circumferential direction of the workpiece, the positional relationship between the starting position of the threaded portion which is formed by rolling, and the joining position of the ground electrode to the tip end face of the workpiece is constant. The operation of the approach driving means is controlled on the basis of the calculated approach driving conditions. Namely, the displacement amount of the rolling relief gap when the workpiece supporting portion to which the workpiece is set is conveyed to the rolling position is specified, and, by using the rolling relief gap displacement amount, the approach driving conditions for relatively approaching the die to the workpiece outer peripheral surface are corrected so that the positional relationship between the starting position of the threaded portion and the ground electrode joining position is constant. Even when, at setting of a workpiece, the position of the workpiece supporting portion in the thrust direction is dispersed, the rolling relief gap displacement amount is specified each time, and the approach driving conditions are calculated by using this. Therefore, the dispersion hardly affects the formation accuracy of the thread starting position with respect to the ground electrode joining position.
The approach drive controlling means can be configured so as to control the approach drive controlling means controls the operation of the approach driving means so that a temporal overlap occurs between a time period of execution of the approach drive and a time period of execution of the thrust correction. When the approach driving conditions in which the correction of the rolling relief gap displacement amount is considered are previously calculated, the thrust correction of the positional relationship between the workpiece and the die, and the approach driving operation of the die can be performed in parallel. As a result, the time period required from the setting of the workpiece to the apparatus, to start of the rolling process can be shortened, and the rolling efficiency can be improved.
The workpiece conveying means can be configured as thrust feed driving means for feed-driving the workpiece supporting portion to which the workpiece is attached, from the retracting position for preparation of rolling in a thrust direction, to convey the workpiece supporting portion to the rolling position which is determined in the form where the predetermined rolling relief gap remains between the end face of the gas seal portion on the side of the to-be-threaded portion, and the end face of the die corresponding to the positioning end face on the side of the workpiece. There is an advantage that a workpiece conveying mechanism can be simply configured by a reciprocating mechanism in the thrust direction. In this case, the thrust direction correcting means can be configured so as to drive the workpiece supporting portion by means of the thrust feed driving means in the direction along which the rolling relief gap displacement amount is eliminated. When the workpiece itself is moved in the thrust direction, the above-mentioned thrust correction can be performed surely and simply. By contrast, the thrust direction correcting means can correct a rotation angle phase of the die at starting of the approach driving in the direction along which the rolling relief gap displacement amount is eliminated. Namely, when the rotation angle phase of the die at starting of the rolling process is changed, the starting position of the threaded portion to be rolled can be relatively corrected with respect to the workpiece in the thrust direction. Therefore, the correction of the rolling relief gap displacement amount can be incorporated into the rotation driving of the die, and, even when the thrust feeding of the workpiece is not performed, the above-mentioned thrust correction can be made.
By contrast, the workpiece conveying means can be configured so as to convey the workpiece from the retracting position which, when a reference plane defined by a rotation axis of the die and a center axis of the workpiece which are parallel to each other at the rolling position is considered, is defined to be separated from the rolling position in a direction intersecting the reference plane, to the rolling position. According to the configuration, it is not required to ensure a large space for retracting the workpiece behind the rotation axis of the die, and hence there is an advantage that the whole apparatus can be compactified.
The workpiece conveying means can be configured so as to, in order to convey the workpiece supporting portion to which a workpiece is attached, from a retracting position for preparation of rolling to a rolling position which is determined in a form where a constant rolling relief gap remains between an end face of a gas seal portion on a side of a to-be-threaded portion, and an end face of the die corresponding to a positioning end face on a side of the workpiece, convey the workpiece from a retracting position which, when a reference plane defined by a rotation axis of the die and a center axis of the workpiece which are parallel to each other at the rolling position is considered, is defined to be separated from the rolling position in a direction intersecting the reference plane, to the rolling position while holding an axial direction position which gives a constant rolling relief gap. According to the system, at the retracting position, the workpiece conveying means previously executes axial positioning for forming the constant rolling relief gap, and conveys the workpiece to the rolling position while holding the axial direction position. Therefore, it is not necessary to, after the workpiece is once conveyed to the rolling position, specify the rolling relief gap displacement amount which is a displacement amount of the rolling relief gap from the target value. Namely, there is an advantage that the rolling relief gap displacement amount specifying means and the thrust direction correcting means are not essential.
In this case, as a reference invention, the apparatus for producing a spark plug may be configured in the following manner. Namely, the configuration comprises:
a workpiece supporting portion which rotatably holds a workpiece about a center axis, the workpiece being a shaft-like workpiece which is to be formed as a metal shell of the spark plug, and in which a gas seal portion is formed on an outer peripheral surface of a basal end side of a to-be-threaded portion while being radially outward projected;
a die which is rotationally driven in a rolling performing direction by die rotation driving means, and which performs a thread rolling process on an outer peripheral surface of the workpiece held by the workpiece supporting portion;
workpiece conveying means for, in order to convey the workpiece supporting portion to which a workpiece is attached, from a retracting position for preparation of rolling to a rolling position which is determined in a form where a constant rolling relief gap remains between an end face of a gas seal portion on a side of a to-be-threaded portion, and an end face of the die corresponding to a positioning end face on a side of the workpiece, conveying the workpiece from a retracting position which, when a reference plane defined by a rotation axis of the die and a center axis of the workpiece which are parallel to each other at the rolling position is considered, is defined to be separated from the rolling position in a direction intersecting the reference plane, to the rolling position while holding an axial direction position which gives a constant rolling relief gap;
approach driving means for, in order to start the thread rolling process, performing an approach drive of relatively approaching the die in a rotationally driven state and the workpiece each other in a radial direction;
approach driving condition calculating means for calculating approach driving conditions on a basis of the rolling relief gap displacement amount so that, in a circumferential direction of the workpiece, a positional relationship between a starting position of the threaded portion which is rolling-formed, and a joining position of a ground electrode to a tip end face of the workpiece is constant; and
approach drive controlling means for controlling an operation of the approach driving means on a basis of the calculated approach driving conditions.
Specifically, the workpiece conveying means can be configured so as to have: a turret which is placed rotatably about a rotation axis that perpendicularly intersects a predetermined position on an extension of the workpiece center axis on a side where the workpiece-side positioning end face of the die, in a plane passing through the workpiece center axis at the rolling position and intersecting the reference plane;
the workpiece supporting portion which is placed in plural numbers, in an outer peripheral edge portion of the turret, and at predetermined angular intervals in a circumferential direction of the turret, each of the workpiece supporting portions supporting the workpiece in a rotation radial direction of the turret so that the to-be-threaded portion is projected from an outer peripheral surface of the turret in the rotation radial direction; and
a turret driving portion which rotationally drives the turret in an intermittent manner about the rotation axis so that the workpiece attached to one of the plural workpiece supporting portions is positioned at the rolling position, while setting placement angular intervals of the workpiece supporting portions as units. Because of the intermittent rotation drive of the turret, plural workpieces can be efficiently conveyed to the rolling position, and the workpiece which has undergone the rolling process can be rapidly discharged from the rolling position. The workpiece attaching process can be performed in parallel on a workpiece supporting portion which departs from the rolling position, by means of off-line setup while continuing the thread rolling process on the workpiece at the rolling position. Therefore, the efficiency of the thread rolling process for a spark plug can be greatly improved.
In the turret, plural workpiece attachment recesses which are opened in the outer peripheral surface of the turret can be formed in a shape in which the rotation radial direction is set as the depth direction. In the workpiece attachment recesses, moreover, the workpiece supporting portions can be projectingly placed from respective recess bottoms toward respective recess openings so that positions of the gas seal portions of the supported workpieces in the rotation radial direction are constant. The positions of the gas seal portions can be adjusted so that the above-mentioned rolling relief gap when the workpiece is conveyed to the rolling position has a value corresponding to the target value. Therefore, the adjustment of the workpiece position corresponding to the target value of the rolling relief gap is completed in a stage where the workpiece is attached to the workpiece supporting portion of a workpiece attachment recess which is not at the rolling position, and the correction amount in the thrust direction at the rolling position can be greatly reduced (particularly, there is an advantage that sufficient correction is enabled simply by adjusting the rotation angle phases of the die at start of approach driving).
On the other hand, the workpiece conveying means can be configured so as to have: a workpiece holder in which plural workpiece attaching portions for attaching the workpiece are placed and formed on a cylindrical face in which a workpiece center axis at the rolling position is one of generatrices, in parallel to a center axis of the cylindrical face, and at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical face so that positions of the gas seal portions on the center axis direction are constant; and a workpiece holder driving portion which rotationally drives the workpiece holders in an intermittent manner about the center axis of the cylindrical face so that the workpiece attached to one of the plural workpiece supporting portions is positioned at the rolling position, while setting placement angular intervals of the workpiece supporting portions as units. Also in this system, substantially same effects as those in the above-described case where the turret is used can be achieved. The individual workpiece attaching portions on the workpiece holder are used for attaching and holding workpieces so that the positions of the gas seal portions are constant (irrespective of the workpiece supporting portion). Therefore, the workpiece supporting portion can be disposed for the workpiece situated at the rolling position among workpieces on the workpiece holder. When the workpiece supporting portion is placed reciprocable between a preparation position which is situated behind a rear end face of the workpiece in a direction of the center axis of the workpiece, and a support position where the workpiece is supported from a side of the rear end face, the workpiece can be previously positioned by the workpiece supporting portion, at an approximate position where the position of the gas seal portion corresponds to the target value of the rolling relief gat. When, in this state, the workpiece supporting portion is coupled to the workpiece for the purpose of rolling, therefore, the final correction amount of the rolling relief gap can be made very small.
The workpiece conveying means can be configured so as to have a workpiece reciprocating mechanism which reciprocates a workpiece gripping portion which is to grip the workpiece, and a workpiece gripping portion which grips the workpiece, between the retracting position and the rolling position. In this case, the thrust direction correcting means can be configured so as to have workpiece gripping portion driving means for, at the rolling position, correction driving the workpiece gripping portion which grips the workpiece in the direction along which the rolling relief gap displacement amount is eliminated in the direction of the center axis of the workpiece.
The workpiece supporting portion can be configured so as to hold the workpiece integrally rotatably, and so that a phase of a holding angle of the ground electrode joining position of the workpiece about a rotation axis is constant. When the workpiece is set, the phase of the holding angle of the ground electrode joining position with respect to the workpiece supporting portion is not dispersed. Therefore, the calculation of the approach driving conditions for maintaining a regular positional relationship between the starting position of the threaded portion and the joining position of the ground electrode can be further simplified.
On the other hand, the workpiece supporting portion can be configured so as to hold the workpiece integrally rotatably, and so that a phase of a holding angle of the ground electrode joining position of the workpiece about the rotation axis is arbitrary. In this case, ground electrode joining position angle specifying means for specifying an attachment angular position of the ground electrode joining position of the workpiece attached to the workpiece supporting portion, with respect to the workpiece supporting portion is disposed, and the approach driving condition calculating means calculates the approach driving conditions on the basis of the specified attachment angular position and the rolling relief gap displacement amount. In the configuration, in the calculation of the approach driving conditions, the attachment angular position of the ground electrode joining position which is indefinite at the attachment of the workpiece must be measured, and the position must be calculated and incorporated into the approach driving conditions. In the configuration, however, it is not required to attach workpieces in a form where their ground electrode joining positions are aligned with one another. Therefore, the efficiency of feeding workpieces to the apparatus can be enhanced.
The approach driving means can be configured so as to cause the die and the workpiece to relatively approach and separate each other between the retracting position where the die is separated from the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece in the radial direction, and the rolling position where the die is butted against the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece to perform the thread rolling process. In this case, while setting three of: an approach driving distance which is a distance in a radial direction between an approach retracting position and the rolling position; a relative approaching velocity or acceleration of the die with respect to the workpiece; a rotation angle phase of the die at starting of the approach driving; and a rotation velocity of the die, as stipulated constant values, and setting a remaining one as a variable value corresponding to the rolling relief gap displacement amount, the approach driving condition calculating means can perform calculation and determination on the basis of the rolling relief gap displacement amount and the three stipulated values. According to the configuration, an influence caused by dispersion of the rolling relief gap displacement amount can be absorbed by one of the approach driving distance, the relative approaching velocity (or acceleration), the rotation angle phase of the die at starting of the approach, and the rotation velocity of the die, the one being to be set as a variable value. Therefore, the calculation of the approach driving conditions can be greatly simplified.
Specifically, the approach driving condition calculating means can be configured so as to, while setting the approach driving distance constant, setting two of: the relative approaching velocity or acceleration of the die with respect to the workpiece; the rotation angle phase of the die at starting of the approach driving; and the rotation velocity of the die, as stipulated values, and setting a remaining one as a variable value corresponding to the rolling relief gap displacement amount, perform calculation and determination on the basis of the two stipulated values, the approach driving distance, and the rolling relief gap displacement amount. According to this method, the approach driving distance is made constant, and hence at least one of the relative approaching velocity (or acceleration) of the die and rotation velocity of the die in which a variable control algorithm is slightly complicated can be made constant. Therefore, a control program can be simplified.
In this case, a configuration in which, while setting the relative approaching velocity (or acceleration) of the die with respect to the workpiece and the rotation velocity of the die as stipulated values, the rotation angle phase of the die at starting of the approach driving is calculated and determined as a variable value corresponding to the rolling relief gap displacement amount is preferable from the viewpoint of further simplification of the control program. Since both the relative approaching velocity (or acceleration) of the die with respect to the workpiece and the rotation velocity of the die are constant, a shock load applied when the die bumps against the workpiece is hardly dispersed, thereby producing an advantage that the quality of the threaded portion to be rolled can be uniformalized.
The approach driving condition calculating means can be configured also so as to set the rotation angle phase of the die at starting of the approach driving, and the relative approaching velocity or acceleration of the die with respect to the workpiece as stipulated values, and calculate and determine the rotation velocity of the die as a variable value corresponding to the rolling relief gap displacement amount. Also, a configuration in which the rotation angle phase of the die at starting of the approach driving, and the rotation velocity of the die are set as stipulated values, and the relative approaching velocity or acceleration of the die with respect to the workpiece is calculated and determined as a variable value corresponding to the rolling relief gap displacement amount is possible.
On the other hand, the approach driving condition calculating means can be configured also so as to set the relative approaching velocity or acceleration of the die with respect to the workpiece, the rotation angle phase of the die at starting of the approach driving, and the rotation velocity of the die as stipulated values, and calculate and determine the approach driving distance as a variable value corresponding to the rolling relief gap displacement amount. Also in this case, both the relative approaching velocity (or acceleration) of the die with respect to the workpiece and the rotation velocity of the die are constant, and hence a shock load applied when the die bumps against the workpiece is hardly dispersed, so that the quality of the threaded portion to be rolled can be uniformalized. In addition, also the rotation angle phase of the die at starting of the approach driving is constant, and therefore the control program can be further simplified.
Next, the approach driving condition calculating means can be configured so as to have angle slip amount specifying means for specifying an angle slip amount of the die with respect to the workpiece in a case where, for the thread rolling, the die bites the workpiece, and calculate the approach driving conditions while correcting in accordance with the angle slip amount. Since the angle slip amount of the die in the case where the die bites the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece is corrected, the positional relationship between the starting position of the threaded portion to be rolling-formed, and the joining position of the ground electrode to the tip end face of the workpiece can be held further accurately.
In this case, as the angle slip amount is larger, the slip time period required until the die finally bites the workpiece to be synchronously rotated is more prolonged. In order to absorb the slip time period, therefore, it is effective to correct the relative approaching velocity (or acceleration) of the die with respect to the workpiece in accordance with the slip time period.
In the case where the reproducibility of the angle slip amount is relatively high depending on the type of the workpiece (particularly, the size and material of the workpiece), the angle slip amount specifying means can be configured so as to have: workpiece type specifying information means for obtaining workpiece type specifying information which specifies a type of the workpiece to be used in the thread rolling; and means for storing an angle slip amount map in which the type of the workpiece is correlated with the angle slip amount that is previously specified for each type, and search an angle slip amount corresponding to the obtained workpiece type, on the angle slip amount map, thereby specifying the angle slip amount. According to the configuration, the angle slip amount can be easily specified in accordance with the workpiece type.
Next, in the apparatus for producing a spark plug of the invention, thread starting position accuracy reflecting parameter obtaining means for obtaining a value of a thread starting position accuracy reflecting parameter which is an apparatus parameter that reflects a starting position accuracy with respect to the ground electrode joining position of the threaded portion to be rolling-formed, rolling determining means for determining whether the thread rolling was adequately performed or not, on the basis of a value of an obtained rolling completion reflecting parameter, and selection outputting means for selecting a thread rolling completed workpiece or assisting the selection, on the basis of a result of the determination can be disposed. According to the configuration, even when the workpiece which has actually undergone the thread rolling process is not checked, the pass/fail of the thread rolling can be easily determined (or estimated) on the basis of the thread starting position accuracy reflecting parameter, simply by obtaining the thread starting position accuracy reflecting parameter from the apparatus. Therefore, the simplicity and efficiency of a process of checking or selecting a failed product can be greatly improved.
The thread starting position accuracy reflecting parameter obtaining means can be configured so as to obtain an angular position of the die at completion of the approach drive, as the thread starting position accuracy reflecting parameter. The angular position indicates the angular position of the die with respect to the workpiece outer peripheral surface. Depending on whether the value indicates an abnormal value or not, the occurrence of a failure of the relative positional relationship with respect to the joining position of the ground electrode to the tip end face of the workpiece can be directly specified.
The thread starting position accuracy reflecting parameter obtaining means can be configured so as to obtain an apparatus parameter that reflects an angle slip amount of the die with respect to the workpiece in a case where, for the thread rolling, the die bites the workpiece, as the thread starting position accuracy reflecting parameter. In the case where the angle slip amount of the die with respect to the workpiece is excessively generated, the above-mentioned angular position of the die has an abnormal value. With respect to the starting position of a threaded portion to be rolling-formed, therefore, the occurrence of a failure of the relative positional relationship with respect to the joining position of the ground electrode to the tip end face of the workpiece can be easily determined.
Specifically, the thread starting position accuracy reflecting parameter obtaining means can be configured so as to have rolling load detecting means for detecting a rolling load which is applied from the die to the workpiece, and obtain a time period required until the rolling load reaches a predetermined determination reference value, as an apparatus parameter which reflects the angle slip amount with respect to the workpiece. On the other hand, the thread starting position accuracy reflecting parameter obtaining means can be configured so as to have rotation velocity detecting means for detecting rotation velocities of the die and the workpiece, and, on the basis of a result of detection of the rotation velocities, obtain a time period which elapses from start of rotation of the workpiece by co-rotation due to rolling start until the die and the workpiece are synchronously rotated, as an apparatus parameter which reflects the angle slip amount with respect to the workpiece. Both the cases indicate that, as this time period is longer, the angle slip amount is larger. The degree of the angle slip amount can be easily determined on the basis of the temporal change of the rolling load.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to an example shown in the drawings.
The spark plug producing apparatus 100 has: a workpiece supporting portion 11 which supports the workpiece W so as to be rotatable about the center axis; and dies 27A, 27B which are rotationally driven in the rolling performing direction by motors 25A, 25B (die rotation driving means), and which perform a thread rolling process on the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W held by the workpiece supporting portion 11.
The workpiece supporting portion 11 is configured as, for example, a mandrel stopper which inwardly holds the workpiece W by means of an elastic member such as a spring, and inserted into the side of an opening which is opposite to the side of the workpiece W where the ground electrode material X is joined. A workpiece set detecting sensor 12 which detects the angular position of the ground electrode material X of the workpiece W attached to the workpiece supporting portion 11 is disposed. The workpiece set detecting sensor 12 is configured by a contact sensor such as a limit switch, a non-contact sensor such as a photoelectric sensor or a proximity switch, or imaging means for software processing such as image analysis. In this case, while positioning of the ground electrode material X is not particularly performed, the workpiece W can be attached to the workpiece supporting portion 11 at an arbitrary angle phase. Alternatively, when an alignment apparatus (not shown) is incorporated into a workpiece feeder, the workpiece W may be set to the workpiece supporting portion 11 so that (the joining position of) the ground electrode material X is always constant.
The spark plug producing apparatus 100 further has thrust feed driving means which reciprocally drives the workpiece supporting portion 11 between a retracting position P1 where the workpiece W is set to the workpiece supporting portion 11, and a rolling position P2 which is determined in a form where a rolling relief gap L of a constant size remains between an end face of the gas seal portion 71 on the side of the to-be-threaded portion W0′, and end faces of the dies 27A, 27B corresponding to the positioning end face on the side of the workpiece W. The thrust feed driving means constitutes workpiece conveying means, and is configured by a motor 55, a screw shaft mechanism which is rotationally driven by the motor 55, and which is not shown, etc. The feeding position of the workpiece supporting portion 11 (i.e., the workpiece W) in the thrust direction is detected by an angle sensor (in the embodiment, an absolute rotary encoder) 56 which is disposed on the rotation shaft of the motor 55. The rolling relief gap L is imaged by a camera 90 (rolling relief gap displacement amount specifying means) which images the gap L in a workpiece radial direction, and a rolling relief gap displacement amount L′ which is the displacement from the target value is specified. For example, the rolling relief gap displacement amount L′ is produced by an error in the thrust direction in attachment of the workpiece W to the workpiece supporting portion 11.
The motor 55 is connected to a servo unit 50, and servo driven in accordance with a velocity command value Vy supplied from a microcomputer controlling portion 4 which will be described later. The servo unit 50 has: a servo controlling portion 52 which receives an angle sensing output from the angle sensor 56, and which compares a current velocity value of the motor indicted by the angle sensing input value, with the velocity command value Vy to output the difference value; a P1 processing portion 53 which generates a drive instructing voltage value on the basis of the difference value; and a servo amplifier 54 which amplifies the drive instructing voltage value supplied from the PI processing portion 53, and which outputs the amplified value as the driving voltage for the motor 55.
In the dies 27A, 27B, multiple (for example, five) thread screws are formed in the outer peripheral surfaces having substantially identical diameters, respectively. The concave-convex portions of the screws are pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W, and the dies are rotationally driven by the motors 25A, 25B in a synchronous manner, whereby a threaded portion is rolling-formed in the workpiece W. The rotation angle phases of the dies 27A, 27B are detected by angle sensors 26A, 26B (in the embodiment, absolute rotary encoders) attached to the motor shafts of the motors 25A, 25B.
The motors 25A, 25B are connected to a synchronization control servo unit 20, and synchronous servo driven in accordance with a velocity command value N supplied from the microcomputer controlling portion 4 which will be described later. In the embodiment, the motor 25A is defined as a master, and the motor 25B is defined as a slave. In the servo unit 20, angle detection outputs from the angle sensors 26A, 26B are supplied to an angle deviation detecting portion 21. The angle deviation detecting portion 21 detects an angle deviation of the slave motor 25B with respect to the master motor 25A, from the supplied angle detection outputs, and supplies the deviation to a synchronization controlling portion 22. The synchronization controlling portion 22 compares the current velocity value of the motor indicted by the angle sensing input values, with the velocity command value N while correcting the angle deviation so as to approach zero, and outputs the difference value. The servo unit has: PI (proportional/integral) processing portions 23A, 23B which generate a drive instructing voltage value on the basis of the difference value; and servo amplifiers 24A, 24B which amplify the drive instructing voltage values supplied from the P1 processing portions 23A, 23B, and which output the amplified values as the driving voltages for the motors 25A, 25B.
In order to start the thread rolling process, moreover, approach driving means for driving the dies 27A, 27B in the rotationally driven state to approach and separate in a radial direction from the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W is disposed. The approach driving means performs synchronous and reciprocal driving on individual head stocks which rotatably support the dies 27A, 27B, respectively, and which are not shown, by means of motors 35A, 35B via screw shaft mechanisms or the like. The positions of the dies 27A, 27B in the approaching direction (radial direction) are detected by angle sensors 36A, 36B (in the embodiment, absolute rotary encoders) attached to the motor shafts of the motors 35A, 35B.
The motors 35A, 35B are connected to a synchronization control servo unit 30, and synchronous servo driven in accordance with a velocity command value V supplied from the microcomputer controlling portion 4 which will be described later. In the embodiment, the motor 35A is defined as a master, and the motor 35B is defined as a slave. In the servo unit 30, angle detection outputs from the angle sensors 36A, 36B are supplied to an angle deviation detecting portion 31. The angle deviation detecting portion 31 detects an angle deviation of the slave motor 35B with respect to the master motor 35A, from the supplied angle detection outputs, and supplies the deviation to a synchronization controlling portion 32. The synchronization controlling portion 32 compares the current velocity value of the motor indicted by the angle sensing input values, with the velocity command value V while correcting the angle deviation so as to approach zero, and outputs the difference value. The servo unit has: P1 processing portions 33A, 33B which generate a drive instructing voltage value on the basis of the difference value; and servo amplifiers 34A, 34B which amplify the drive instructing voltage values supplied from the PI processing portions 33A, 33B, and which output the amplified values as the driving voltages for the motors 35A, 35B.
Next, the spark plug producing apparatus 100 has the microcomputer controlling portion 4. The microcomputer controlling portion 4 has an electric configuration in which a CPU 42 that is a main unit of control, a RAM 44 that functions as a work memory therefor, a ROM 43 that stores a control program, and an input/output portion 41 are interconnected through an internal bus. A monitor controller 45 which outputs display data transferred through the internal bus, to a monitor 47 via an image memory 46 is connected to the internal bus. Digital bit codes of current angular positions θA, θB, XA, XB, and Y which are output from the angle sensors 26A, 26B, 36A, 36B, and 56 of the motors 25A, 25B, 35A, 35B, and 55 are input to the input/output portion 41. An input device 48 configured by a touch panel, a keyboard, a mouse, and the like is connected to the input/output portion 41.
The control program stored in the ROM 43 realizes the following functions.
Rolling relief gap displacement amount specifying means: measures, in advance of the start of the approach drive, the value L of a rolling relief gap formed between the workpiece conveyed to the rolling position and the dies, by the camera 90, and calculates the rolling relief gap displacement amount L′ which is a displacement amount of the rolling relief gap from the target value.
Thrust direction correcting means: thrust-corrects the positional relationships between the threaded portions formed in the dies 27A, 27B and the workpiece W, in the direction along which the specified rolling relief gap displacement amount is eliminated. Either of the case where the workpiece supporting portion 11 is correction driven in the direction along which the rolling relief gap displacement amount L′ is eliminated, or that where the rotation angle phases of the dies 27A, 27B at the starting of the approach driving are corrected in the direction along which the rolling relief gap displacement amount L′ is eliminated may be employed.
Approach driving condition calculating means: calculates approach driving conditions on the basis of the specified rolling relief gap displacement amount L′ so that, in the circumferential direction of the workpiece W, the positional relationship between the starting position of the threaded portion which is rolling-formed, and the joining position of the ground electrode to the tip end face of the workpiece W is constant.
Approach drive controlling means: controls the operations of the motors 35A, 35B on the basis of the calculated approach driving conditions. The approach driving of the dies 27A, 27B with respect to the workpiece W, and the above-described thrust correction are performed in parallel.
Angle slip amount specifying means: specifies the angle slip amount δ of the dies 27A, 27B with respect to the workpiece W in the case where, for the thread rolling, the dies 27A, 27B bite the workpiece W. Specifically, workpiece W type specifying information which specifies the type of the workpiece W to be used in the thread rolling is obtained from, for example, the input portion 48 or a network (not shown) (workpiece W type specifying information means), and the angle slip amount δ corresponding to the type of the workpiece W is searched on an angle slip amount map 80, thereby specifying the angle slip amount. As shown in
Thread starting position accuracy reflecting parameter obtaining means: obtains the value of a thread starting position accuracy reflecting parameter which is an apparatus parameter that reflects the starting position accuracy with respect to the joining position of the ground electrode of the threaded portion to be rolling-formed.
Rolling determining means: determines whether the thread rolling was adequately performed or not, on the basis of the value of an obtained rolling completion reflecting parameter.
Selection outputting means: selects a thread rolling completed workpiece W or assists the selection, on the basis of a result of the determination. The output destination is the monitor 47 or a workpiece discharging mechanism which is not shown.
Next, the workpiece W is set in S3 to the workpiece supporting portion 11. As shown in Step 1 of
Returning to
As shown in Step 31 of
The process proceeds to
In Method 1 (SS101), the approaching velocity V of the dies 27A, 27B with respect to the workpiece W, and the rotational velocity N of the dies 27A, 27B are set as stipulated values, and a rotation starting angular position α of the dies 27A, 27B at the time when the approach driving is started is calculated and determined as a variable value corresponding to the rolling relief gap displacement amount L′ (displacement corresponding angular displacement θ2) (parameters which are used also in the following description are shown in Step 32 of
t=ξ/V (1).
When the rotational velocity N (rpm) of the dies is used, the following is attained:
t=60m/N (2)
where m is the number of rotations during the time period t. When (1) above is inserted,
m=(ξ·N)/(60V) (3).
In the case where, as shown in
In Method 2 (SS102), next, the rotation starting angular position α of the dies 27A, 27B at the time when the approach driving is started, and the rotational velocity N of the dies 27A, 27B are set as stipulated values, and the relative approaching velocity V of the dies 27A, 27B with respect to the workpiece W is calculated and determined as a variable value corresponding to the rolling relief gap displacement amount L′ (displacement corresponding angular displacement θ2). In this case, when m (angle conversion) is corrected in (3) above by the displacement corresponding angular displacement θ2 to be used as m′, and the expression is solved for V, V can be calculated by
V=(ξ·N·m′)/60 (3)′.
In Method 3 (SS103), the rotation starting angular position α of the dies 27A, 27B at the time when the approach driving is started, and the relative approaching velocity V of the dies 27A, 27B with respect to the workpiece W are set as stipulated values, and the rotational velocity N of the dies 27A, 27B is calculated and determined as a variable value corresponding to the rolling relief gap displacement amount L′ (displacement corresponding angular displacement θ2). In this case, when (3) above is solved for N, N can be calculated by
N=60V/(ξ·m′) (3)″.
In Method 4 (SS104), the relative approaching velocity V of the dies 27A, 27B with respect to the workpiece W, the rotation starting angular position α of the dies 27A, 27B at the time when the approach driving is started, and the rotational velocity N of the dies 27A, 27B are set as stipulated values, and the approach driving distance X is calculated and determined as a variable value corresponding to the rolling relief gap displacement amount L′ (displacement corresponding angular displacement θ2). In this case, all of α, V, and N are constant, and hence the distance is determined by making the dies to lead by θ2 above (the actual leading or lagging state of the angle depends on the sign of θ2) to lead by θ2, or by changing ξ as needed by a distance (both plus and minus are possible) required for displacing the feed of the workpiece from the target position by L′.
Referring to
Then, the process proceeds to S11 in which the approach drive of the dies with respect to the workpiece is started (
Specifically, an angular position γ (=γA, γB:
Furthermore, the rotation velocities of the dies 27A, 27B and the workpiece W are detected by the angle sensors 26A, 26B, 70. The time period TN which elapses from the start of rotation of the workpiece W by co-rotation due to the rolling start until the rotation velocities coincide with one another, i.e., the time period which elapses until the dies 27A, 27B and the workpiece W are synchronously rotated is obtained as the apparatus parameter which reflects the angle slip amount δ with respect to the workpiece W. Also in the case where the time period TN is not within a prescribed range as shown in
Hereinafter, various other embodiments in which the workpiece conveying means is mainly modified will be described.
First, the workpiece conveying means of FIG. 11 is an example in which the workpiece supporting portion 11 and the workpiece W supported thereon are integrally conveyed from the retracting position P1 which is defined to be separated from the rolling position P2, to the rolling position P2. Specifically, the means comprises a turret 201 which is placed rotatably about a rotation axis OT that perpendicularly intersects a predetermined position on an extension of the workpiece center axis OW on the side where the workpiece-side positioning end faces of the dies, in a plane passing through the workpiece center axis OW at the rolling position P2 and intersecting the reference plane SP. In an outer peripheral edge portion of the turret 201, the plural workpiece supporting portions 11 which support the workpieces W in a rotation radial direction of the turret 201 so that the to-be-threaded portions are projected from the outer peripheral surface of the turret 201 in the rotation radial direction are placed at predetermined angular intervals in the circumferential direction of the turret 201. A turret driving portion 203 (motor) which rotationally drives the turret 201 in an intermittent manner about the rotation axis so that the workpiece W attached to one of the plural workpiece supporting portions 11 is positioned at the rolling position P2, while setting the placement angular intervals of the workpiece supporting portions 11 as units. Because of the intermittent rotation drive of the turret 201, plural workpieces W can be efficiently conveyed to the rolling position P2, and the workpiece W which has undergone the rolling process can be rapidly discharged from the rolling position P2. The workpiece attaching process can be performed in parallel on a workpiece supporting portion which departs from the rolling position P2, by means of off-line setup while continuing the thread rolling process on the workpiece W at the rolling position P2.
Plural workpiece attachment recesses 202 which are opened in the outer peripheral surface of the turret 201 are formed in the turret 201 in a shape in which a rotation radial direction is set as the depth direction. In the embodiment, the turret 201 is formed into a plate-like shape in which a regular polygon is used as a base shape, and apex portions are cut off by an equal length (in the embodiment, an inequilateral octagonal shape in which the apexes of a square are cut off to form short side portions, and remaining side portions are long side portions). The workpiece attachment recesses 202 having a rectangle opening are formed in the cut-off apex portions.
In each of the workpiece attachment recesses 202, the workpiece supporting portion 11 is projectingly placed from the recess bottom toward the recess opening so that the position of the gas seal portion 71 of the supported workpiece W in the rotation radial direction is constant. Also in this case, the workpiece supporting portion 11 is configured as a mandrel stopper which inwardly holds the workpiece W by means of an elastic member such as a spring, and inserted into the opening side which is opposite to the side of the workpiece W where the ground electrode material X is joined. In the embodiment, in the workpiece supporting portion 11 built in the turret 201, however, the position in the rotation radial direction of the turret 201 is fixed, and means corresponding to the thrust feed driving means (the motor 55 in
The positions of the workpiece supporting portions 11 of the turret 201 are adjusted so that, when the workpiece W is attached, the rolling relief gap when the position of the gas seal portion 71 is conveyed to the rolling position P2 has a value corresponding to the target value L (including dispersions corresponding to the workpiece attachment state). Therefore, the adjustment of the workpiece position corresponding to the target value L of the rolling relief gap is completed in a stage where the workpiece W is attached to the workpiece supporting portion 11 of the workpiece attachment recess 202 which is not at the rolling position P2. The rolling relief gap which is formed in this state is specified by means of imaging by the camera 90 (
In the configuration shown in
In the embodiment, the workpiece holder 250 is configured as a cylindrical member which shares the center axis OC (OD) with the one die 27A, and which is placed with being axially separated therefrom by a constant distance. The workpiece holder 250 can be reciprocally moved by a screw shaft mechanism or the like which is not shown, with respect to the dies 27A, 27B. The die 27A can approach the workpiece W which is held by the workpiece holder 250, and which is at the rolling position P2, inside the workpiece holder 250.
Each of the workpiece attaching portions 251 which are formed in the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece holder 250 is configured by a groove-like recess which has an inner side face formed by a partial cylindrical face that is larger in diameter than the to-be-threaded portion W0′ of the workpiece W, and which has an opening that allows the workpiece W to enter and exit. Workpiece gripping members 251 each of which urgingly holds the to-be-threaded portion W0′ by a spring (not shown) in a manner that the portion is allowed to rotate about the axis of the workpiece W are individually disposed in the inner face of the recess.
As shown in the lower portion of
In the rear of the workpiece attaching portion 251 at the rolling position, the workpiece supporting portion 11 waits at a preparation position which is situated behind the rear end face of the workpiece W in the direction of the center axis OW of the workpiece W. When the workpiece holder 250 is rotated and the workpiece W to be processed is transported to the rolling position P2, the workpiece supporting portion 11 advances to be attached to the workpiece W while pressing the front end face of the gas seal portion 71 toward the workpiece stopper 251J. At this time, the position of the gas seal portion 71 is determined so that the workpiece W is positioned at an approximate position corresponding to the target value L of the rolling relief gap. In this state, the formed rolling relief gap is specified by the imaging by the camera 90 (
In the configuration shown in
In
Although the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The application is based on Japanese Patent Application (No. 2006-315924) filed Nov. 22, 2006 and Japanese Patent Application (No. 2007-298520) filed Nov. 16, 2007, and their disclosures are incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006-315924 | Nov 2006 | JP | national |
| 2007-298520 | Nov 2007 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2007/072688 | 11/22/2007 | WO | 00 | 9/4/2008 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008/062880 | 5/29/2008 | WO | A |
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| 5918495 | Miyamoto et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
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| 6915673 | Shinbutsu et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
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| 0296594 | Dec 1988 | EP |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20090007618 A1 | Jan 2009 | US |
