The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for providing a mattress system for preventing pressure ulcers and, in particular, to apparatus and methods for providing a mattress system for preventing pressure ulcers during hyperbaric oxygen therapy, surgical and/or medical procedures.
Pressure ulcers, e.g., decubitus ulcers, are known to develop as a result of an inactive metabolic and inflammatory process which begins when sufficient pressure is applied to the skin and underlying tissues to overcome normal arterial and/or capillary blood pressure and can result in tissue anoxia and cellular death. In healthy individuals, any discomfort associated with any prolonged tissue point pressure anoxia can be relieved by movement of the affected area. Unfortunately, however, individuals and patients suffering from conditions such as acute peripheral neuropathy, paraplegia, dementia, or other debilitating conditions, who are unable to sense pain or discomfort and unable to effect movement to alleviate such, can eventually develop ulcers or ulcerations which can be difficult to manage in a clinical environment due to an individual's or patient's position. The individual or patient may be confined to a posterior position or location, exposed to various contaminants, experience wound drainage, or require frequent dressing changes, each of which can contribute to the formation and exacerbation of ulcers and ulcerations.
Certain treatments have been found to be beneficial in treating individuals and patients afflicted with pressure ulcers. Individuals and patients, for example, have been found to benefit from ulcer pressure off-loading, frequent rotation, wound management regimens, dressing changes, treatment with antibiotics, and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (“HBO”). Whenever possible, ulcer patients are placed on low-pressure beds to reduce point pressures and promote healing. While Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy has been found to be of particular benefit to patients suffering from pressure ulcers, such treatments typically involve placing the patient on the thin, firm mattress systems supplied by hyperbaric chamber manufacturers. Due to the limited space in typical hyperbaric chambers, such mattresses are usually thin and consequently firm. Some individuals or patients, however, may not be able to tolerate lying on firm mattresses typically utilized in connection with hyperbaric chambers and could be clinically compromised if transferred to such a hyperbaric chamber mattress. Further, any transfer to a different mattress could result in skin shear as well as damage to newly granulated tissues within healing ulcers.
The present invention pertains to apparatus and methods for providing a mattress pressure and temperature control system for preventing and/or for treating pressure ulcers which overcomes the shortfalls of prior art systems. The apparatus and methods of the present invention can also be utilized to allow individuals and patients with wounds such as, for example, posterior wounds, to benefit from treatments such as Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) Therapy without compromising the patient's overall care.
The present invention can also be utilized so as to provide a specialized sheet or material (e.g., transfer linen) and/or a mattress which can be used in transferring individuals or patients from one location to another, from one mattress to another, and/or for off-loading patients into and from a hyperbaric chamber and/or ambulance.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method including providing a mattress having at least two internal chambers, each chamber adapted to be independently pressurized and when pressurized, each chamber is adapted to independently support a reclined body on the mattress. The method further includes providing support for a body with a first chamber while a second chamber is depressurized at a first time, and providing support for a body with the second chamber while the first chamber is depressurized at a second time.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus including a mattress having at least two internal chambers, each chamber adapted to be independently pressurized and when pressurized, each chamber is adapted to independently support a reclined body on the mattress. The invention further includes a pressurizing device in fluid communication with the internal chambers and adapted to pressurize each of the internal chambers at different times and to depressurize each of the internal chambers at different times.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a system including a support, an enclosure on the support, a first chamber within the enclosure, the first chamber adapted to be pressurized and when pressurized, adapted to support a reclined body, and a second chamber within the enclosure, the second chamber adapted to be pressurized and when pressurized, adapted to support a reclined body. The system further includes a pressurizing device in fluid communication with the internal chambers and adapted to pressurize each of the internal chambers at different times and to depressurize each of the internal chambers at different times.
The apparatus and methods of the present invention provide a system for preventing and/or for treating pressure ulcers. A mattress or transfer linen includes at least two separate cavities that when pressurized, each is adapted to independently support a patient reclined on the mattress or transfer linen. In operation the cavities are alternatingly pressurized and depressurized at different times so that a patient laying on the mattress or transfer linen is supported by only one cavity at any given moment and by another one a short time thereafter. By alternating the cavity that supports the patient, prolonged application of pressure in any particular area on the patient is avoided, thus blood circulation is maintained, and the risk of pressure ulcers is greatly reduced. In some embodiments, the mattress or transfer linen may be encased in a gas permeable membrane and heated or cooled air may be supplied to the inside of the mattress or transfer linen to heat or cool the patient, respectively.
The membrane 102 may be a gas permeable membrane material, such as, for example, Gortex® material, manufactured by W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. of Newark, Del. Such a gas permeable membrane material may serve to permit the passage of air or oxygen while keeping water and bodily fluids out, thereby protecting the elements within the membrane 102. In operation, the membrane 102 may be filled via the inlet 120 by the pressurizing device 108 with a gas (e.g., air, oxygen, etc.) that may seep through the membrane 102 to evaporate/remove any moisture trapped under a patient on the transfer linen apparatus 100. In some embodiments the gas may be heated or cooled to heat or cool the patient. In some embodiments, instead of, or in addition to the inlet 120 (and a separate line from the pressurizing device 108) that provides gas to within the membrane 102, the tubes 104, 106 enclosed in the membrane 102 may include one or more relief valves (e.g., a 3 to 5 psi inline relief valve such a NewPro brand relief valve manufactured by the Swagelok Company of Solon, Ohio) that are adapted to release gas into the membrane 102 enclosure once an appropriate pressure is achieved in the tubes 104, 106. Thus, in operation, the tubes 104, 106 may be inflated to a pressure suitable to support a patient and then the pressurizing device 108 may continue to supply additional gas into the tubes 104, 106 that causes the relief valves to release gas into the membrane 102 enclosure.
The tubes 104, 106 enclosed in the membrane 102 may include silicon tubes, which, in some embodiments, may have a nominal outer diameter of approximately one inch or more. Other types of tubes, hoses, channels, cavities, or chambers made of other types of material and having different dimensions may also be used. In some embodiments, supportive cavities may be formed from elastic bladders or any practicable non-permeable material. The tubes 104, 106 may be situated in a laterally or longitudinally (as shown in
In some embodiments the tubes 104, 106 may be immediately adjacent each other while in other embodiments spacers (not shown) and/or stitching through the membrane 102 may separate the tubes 104, 106. In operation, the tubes 104, 106 may expand and/or become semi-rigid when pressurized or filled with fluid (e.g., gas or liquid) by the pressurizing device 108. The tubes 104, 106 may shrink, collapse, and/or become flaccid when depressurized by the pressurizing device 108.
For example, in the enlarged cross-sectional schematic of
In some embodiments, the pressurizing device 108 may include a set of electronically controlled valves and/or pumps that are activated by a programmed or programmable controller and/or a timer. The valves and/or pumps may be adapted to move fluid between the different arrays of tubes 104, 106 and/or between a fluid supply 118 and reservoir/drain (not pictured in
The membrane 102 and tubes 104, 106 of the apparatus 100 may be placed on and/or situated atop a hyperbaric chamber mattress, mattress material, a gurney, an ambulance cot, a surgical table, a hospital bed, a stretcher, a floor, or the like. The apparatus 100 of
As indicated above, the example embodiment of
Turning to
Turning to
More generally, any and/or all of the herein-described embodiments may be utilized to provide a mattress which can be inserted into a hyperbaric chamber. In such embodiments, the present invention may be utilized in order to safely transfer an individual or patient into, and from, a hyperbaric chamber. These embodiments find application in instances when, for example, an individual or patient may have a significant posterior pressure ulcer or ulcers, or flap surgeries, and may be non-ambulatory, thereby not being capable of being safely transferred from a low air loss bed or mattress, onto a stretcher for transport to a hyperbaric chamber, and thereafter into the hyperbaric chamber, without experiencing a significant risk of skin shear and/or high point pressures.
In the above embodiments, the transfer linen apparatus 100 need not be pressurized while the patient 142 is located on a low air loss mattress or bed. However, when the patient 142 is to receive a hyperbaric chamber treatment, the transfer linen apparatus 100 may be pressurized and the loading/unloading crane 140 may be attached thereto such as at or via the lifting straps 114A. Once the transfer linen apparatus 100 is inflated/pressurized, the patient 142 may be transferred onto a hyperbaric chamber support 146 or stretcher by simply lifting the transfer linen apparatus 100 as described above. Also as indicated above, this embodiment may be utilized to prevent or to reduce the incidence of skin shear, to support the patient 142, and/or to protect posterior ulcers from impacting against bed rails and/or other potential obstructions, as the patient 142 is transferred into a hyperbaric chamber.
Any of the embodiments described herein as being utilized in connection with the present invention, may also be utilized to support a patient during an actual hyperbaric chamber therapy. The apparatus 100 may include an ambient pressure sensing device (e.g., a regulator) within the hyperbaric chamber that allows the pressurizing device 108 to supply fluid (e.g., gas or liquid) to the tubes 104, 106 at an appropriate pressure to compensate for the changing pressure within the hyperbaric chamber.
Additionally, the above described loading procedure may be reversed when the patient is to be removed from a hyperbaric chamber and returned to his or her low-air loss bed. In such embodiments, a corresponding stretcher may also be equipped to contain a pressurization device or inflation control system which may be activated so as to pressurize a transfer linen apparatus 100 using a suitable air cylinder, air compressor, pump/liquid source, or other suitable fluid supply.
The system 200 of the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 2A-C includes an integrated adjustable pillow system 202 and an integrated mattress 204.
With reference to
Referring now to FIGS. 2A-C, note that in contrast to the longitudinal arrangement of tubes 104, 106 of
Turning now to
Referring to
The alternating pressure feature of each array of tubes 104, 106 in the mattress system 300 may be adjusted so that each circuit can be independently controlled for time and pressure about respective ambient values in order to accommodate extreme conditions and/or to accommodate various patient weight(s). In some embodiments, the apparatus of
Referring to
Unlike the push/pull system 300 of
During operation, fluid may be heated (or cooled) in a reservoir 410 and circulated by a positive displacement pump 412 which supplies two shuttle valves 418, 420 which alternately circulate, and fill the two tubing circuits 402, 404 with heated (or cooled) fluid. Relief valves 422, 424 open at a pre-designated pressure, such as, but not limited to, approximately 35 psig so as to provide protection for the positive displacement pump 412 in the event that the shuttle valves 418, 420 should close or that the tubing circuits 402, 404 should become occluded. When used within a hyperbaric chamber 206, tubing circuit relief valves 414, 416 may be opened at pre-designated pressures, such as, but not limited to, approximately 10 psig above the ambient sea-level or chamber pressure. The timer controller 426 alternates power to the two shuttle valves 418, 420 thereby allowing, at any given time, heated (or cooled) fluid to travel through one of the circuits 402, 404 so as to displace any cold fluid which may be present. After a preset time period has elapsed, such as approximately 20 seconds (or another time period), the controller 426 can shut-off the open shuttle valve (e.g., valve 418) and the tubing circuit (e.g., circuit 402) can be pressurized and isolated while the other shuttle valve (e.g., valve 420) is opened allowing the other tubing circuit (e.g., circuit 404) to begin to circulate fluid.
In any and/or all of the embodiments described herein, the respective embodiments can be designed to operate at atmospheric pressure or within a monoplace and/or a multiplace hyperbaric chamber environment. In any and/or all of the embodiments described herein, a respective alternating pressure off-loading control system can be located on a conventional stretcher, a chair, a recliner, a wheelchair or the like, and the individual or patient, along with the mattress, can be transferred into a hyperbaric chamber with the respective control system (e.g., pressurizing device) located outside of and/or in close proximity to the same. In some embodiments, an oxygen-driven, pneumatically designed apparatus can be utilized and can be located within a 100% oxygen chamber environment without risk of combustion or fire ignition.
In some embodiments, the pressure off-loading mattress systems of the present invention may be placed on a rail stretcher. The patient may be placed on the mattress and the alternating pressure control system may be attached to the stretcher frame and activated. Pneumatic gas power may be provided such as by an Oxygen/Medical air cylinder or other suitable device or system which can be, for example, mounted on or to the stretcher, to a wall outlet, to an electro-pneumatic air compressor and/or at any other suitable location.
When the stretcher is attached to and/or mated with hyperbaric chamber rails, the pressure off-loading mattress holding the patient may be slid into the hyperbaric chamber such as on rollers or via any other conveyance device or means. Hoses which connect the control system and the mattress may be separated or disconnected by using double-end shutoff quick disconnects or other suitable devices. Each side of the quick disconnects, for example, may then be connected to dedicated fittings which may be located on the door of the hyperbaric chamber or at another suitable location.
In some embodiments, the controller (e.g., pressurizing device) may be operated so as to continue to alternately pressurize the tubes or tube circuits of the pressure off-loading mattress through a hyperbaric chamber door penetrator or other suitable device. As the hyperbaric chamber pressurizes, the alternating pressurizing device 108 may be utilized to automatically compensate for the increasing ambient pressure which is or may be exerted on the arrays of tubes 104, 106 so as to provide a specific pressure set point and a patient lifting capability. Each tube array or tube circuit may be alternately filled with any suitable gas or fluid to a preset pressure above the ambient hyperbaric chamber pressure, and/or to any other appropriate pressure.
In some embodiments, a pre-set pressure relief valve may be located within the mattress system on each tubing circuit or array of tubes so as to allow any overpressure(s) to vent to the atmosphere in the event that the controller malfunctions or that the patient moves abruptly, thereby over-compressing a tubing circuit or array of tubes. Each volume of compression gas which is used to inflate the tubes may vent out of the control system and from a hyperbaric chamber exhaust system which is typically routed to the outside of the building that houses the hyperbaric chamber.
While the present invention has been described and illustrated in various exemplary embodiments, such descriptions are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed to be limitations thereof. In this regard, the present invention encompasses any and all modifications, variations and/or alternate embodiments with the scope of the present invention being limited only by the claims which follow.
The present invention claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/575,298, filed May 28, 2004 and entitled “Apparatus And Method For Providing A Mattress And Temperature Control System For Preventing Pressure Ulcers,” which is hereby incorporated herein for all purposes.
Number | Date | Country | |
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60575298 | May 2004 | US |