BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for drilling with top drive systems. Particularly, the invention relates to methods and apparatus for retrieving a downhole tool through a top drive system. More particularly still, the invention relates to running a wireline through the top drive system to retrieve the downhole tool and running a wireline access below the top drive system. The invention also relates to performing a cementing operation with the top drive system.
2. Description of the Related Art
One conventional method to complete a well includes drilling to a first designated depth with a drill bit on a drill string. Then, the drill string is removed, and a first string of casing is run into the wellbore and set in the drilled out portion of the wellbore. Cement is circulated into the annulus behind the casing string and allowed to cure. Next, the well is drilled to a second designated depth, and a second string of casing, or liner, is run into the drilled out portion of the wellbore. The second string is set at a depth such that the upper portion of the second string of casing overlaps the lower portion of the first string of casing. The second string is then fixed, or “hung” off of the existing casing by the use of slips which utilize slip members and cones to wedgingly fix the second string of casing in the wellbore. The second casing string is then cemented. This process is typically repeated with additional casing strings until the well has been drilled to a desired depth. Therefore, two run-ins into the wellbore are required per casing string to set the casing into the wellbore.
As more casing strings are set in the wellbore, the casing strings become progressively smaller in diameter in order to fit within the previous casing string. In a drilling operation, the drill bit for drilling to the next predetermined depth must thus become progressively smaller as the diameter of each casing string decreases in order to fit within the previous casing string. Therefore, multiple drill bits of different sizes are ordinarily necessary for drilling in well completion operations.
Another method of performing well completion operations involves drilling with casing, as opposed to the first method of drilling and then setting the casing. In this method, the casing string is run into the wellbore along with a drill bit for drilling the subsequent, smaller diameter hole located in the interior of the existing casing string. The drill bit is operated by rotation of the drill string from the surface of the wellbore, and/or rotation of a downhole motor. Once the borehole is formed, the attached casing string may be cemented in the borehole. The drill bit is either removed or destroyed by the drilling of a subsequent borehole. The subsequent borehole may be drilled by a second working string comprising a second drill bit disposed at the end of a second casing that is of sufficient size to line the wall of the borehole formed. The second drill bit should be smaller than the first drill bit so that it fits within the existing casing string. In this respect, this method typically requires only one run into the wellbore per casing string that is set into the wellbore.
In some operations, the drill shoe disposed at the lower end of the casing is designed to be drilled through by the subsequent casing string. However, retrievable drill bits and drilling assemblies have been developed to reduce the cost of the drilling operation. These drilling assemblies are equipped with a latch that is operable to selectively attach the drilling assembly to the casing. In this respect, the drilling assembly may be preserved for subsequent drilling operations.
It is known in the industry to use top drive systems to rotate the casing string and the drill shoe to form a borehole. Top drive systems are equipped with a motor to provide torque for rotating the drilling string. Most existing top drives use a threaded crossover adapter to connect to the casing. This is because the quill of the top drive is not sized to connect with the threads of the casing.
More recently, top drive adapters has been developed to facilitate the casing running process. Top drive adapters that grip the external portion of the casing are generally known as torque heads, while adapters that grip the internal portion of the casing are generally known as spears. An exemplary torque head is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/850,347, entitled Casing Running Head, which application was filed on May 20, 2004 by the same inventor of the present application. An exemplary spear is disclosed in U.S. patent application Publication No. 2005/0051343, by Pietras, et al. These applications are assigned to the assignee of the present application and are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
One of the challenges of drilling with casing is the retrieval of the drilling assembly. For example, the drilling operation may be temporarily stopped to repair or replace the drilling assembly. In such instances, a wireline may be used to retrieve the latch and the drilling assembly. However, many existing top drives are not equipped with an access for the insertion or removal of the wireline, thereby making the run-in of the wireline more difficult and time consuming. Additionally, during the temporary stoppage to retrieve the drilling assembly, fluid circulation and casing movement is also typically stopped. As a result, the casing in the wellbore may become stuck, thereby hindering the rotation and advancement of the casing upon restart of the drilling operation.
There is a need, therefore, for methods and apparatus for retrieving the drilling assembly during and after drilling operations. There is also a need for apparatus and method for fluid circulation during the drilling assembly retrieval process. There is a further need for apparatus and methods for running a wireline while drilling with casing using a top drive. There is yet a further need for methods and apparatus for accessing the interior of a casing string connected to a top drive.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one embodiment, a top drive system for forming a wellbore is provided with an access tool to retrieve a downhole tool. The top drive system for drilling with casing comprises a top drive; a top drive adapter for gripping the casing, the top drive adapter operatively connected to the top drive; and an access tool operatively connected to the top drive and adapted for accessing a fluid passage of the top drive system. In one embodiment, the top drive system is used for drilling with casing operations.
In another embodiment, a method for retrieving a downhole tool through a tubular coupled to a top drive adapter of a top drive system is provided. The method comprises coupling an access tool to the top drive system, the access tool adapted to provide access to a fluid path in the top drive system and inserting a conveying member into the fluid path through the access tool. The method also includes coupling the conveying member to the downhole tool and retrieving the downhole tool. In another embodiment, the method further comprises reciprocating the tubular. In yet another embodiment, the method further comprises circulating fluid to the tubular. Preferably, the tubular comprises a casing.
In another embodiment still, a method for releasing an actuating device during drilling using a top drive system is provided. The method comprises providing the top drive system with a top drive, a top drive adapter, and a launching tool, the launching tool retaining the actuating device, and operatively coupling the top drive, the top drive adapter, and the launching tool. The method also includes gripping a tubular using the top drive adapter and actuating the launching tool to release the actuating device.
In another embodiment still, a method for performing a cementing operation using a top drive system is provided. The method comprises providing the top drive system with a top drive, a top drive adapter, and a cementing tool and operatively coupling the top drive, the top drive adapter, and the cementing tool. The method also comprises gripping the casing using the top drive adapter and supplying a cementing fluid through the cementing tool.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
So that the manner in which the above recited features and other features contemplated and claimed herein are attained and can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a top drive system having an access tool.
FIG. 2 shows an alternative top drive system having another embodiment of an access tool.
FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of an access tool.
FIG. 4 shows yet another embodiment of an access tool.
FIG. 5 shows an alternative top drive system equipped with yet another embodiment of an access tool.
FIG. 6 shows yet another embodiment of an access tool.
FIG. 6A is a partial cross-sectional view of the access tool of FIG. 6.
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an access tool.
FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of an access tool having a launching tool.
FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view of the access tool of FIG. 8.
FIG. 8B illustrates an embodiment of retaining a plug in a casing string.
FIG. 8C illustrates another embodiment of retaining a plug in a casing string.
FIG. 9 shows an alternative top drive system having a cementing tool.
FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of the cementing tool of FIG. 9.
FIG. 10A is another cross-sectional view of the cementing tool of FIG. 9.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In one embodiment, a top drive system for drilling includes a top drive adapter for gripping and rotating the casing and a top drive access tool. The top drive access tool is adapted to allow access into the various components connected to the top drive. The access tool is equipped with a sealing member to prevent leakage and hold pressure during fluid circulation. In another embodiment, the access tool is adapted to allow the top drive to reciprocate the casing during wireline work.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a top drive system 100 fitted with a top drive access tool 110. As shown, the system 100 includes a spear type top drive adapter 20 and a top drive 10 for energizing the spear 20. The spear 20 includes radially actuatable gripping members 22 for engaging the inner diameter of the casing. Although a mechanically actuated spear is preferred, spears actuated using hydraulics, pneumatics, or electric are equally suitable. The lower portion of the spear 20 includes a valve 24 for supplying fluid and a seal member 26 to prevent leakage. Fluids such as drilling mud may be introduced into the top drive system 100 through a fluid supply line 5 disposed at an upper portion of the top drive 10. An elevator 30 is suspended below the top drive 10 by a pair of bails 35 coupled to the top drive 10. It must be noted that in addition to the spear, other types of top drive adapters such as a torque head are also contemplated.
In one embodiment, the top drive access tool 110 is coupled to the upper portion of the top drive 10. The access tool 110 is adapted to allow wireline access into the interior of the casing in order to perform wireline operations such as retrieval of the drilling assembly or the latch attached to a drilling assembly. As shown in FIG. 1, the access tool 110 includes a connection member 112 for connecting to the top drive 10. The connection member 112 includes a bore to receive the wireline 15 and a pack-off assembly 114 for preventing leakage. The pack-off assembly 114 may comprise an elastomeric seal element and sized to accommodate different wireline sizes. A sheave assembly 116 is connected to the connection member 112. The sheave assembly 116 facilitates and supports the wireline 15 for entry into the top drive 10. Preferably, the sheave assembly 116 is arranged such that it does not obstruct the operation of the traveling block, which is typically used to translate the top drive 10. In one embodiment, the sheave assembly 116 includes two wheels 117A, 117B adapted for operation with the top drive 10. The wheels 117A, 117B may include grooves disposed around the circumference of the wheels 117A, 117B for receiving the wireline 15. The wireline 15 may be routed around the wheels 117A, 117B of the sheave assembly 116 to avoid the traveling block and directed into the pack-off assembly 114 and the connection member 112. In another embodiment, the fluid supply line 5 may be connected to the connection member 112 of the access tool 110. A suitable access tool is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,735,351 issued to Helms, which patent is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. During wireline operations, the top drive system 100 provided in FIG. 1 may be operated to reciprocate the casing in the wellbore and circulate fluid through the casing. It is believed that these operations will reduce the likelihood of the casing sticking to the wellbore. In addition to a wireline 15, the embodiments described herein are equally applicable to a cable or other types of conveying members known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment of a top drive system 200 equipped with an access tool 210. Similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the top drive system 200 includes a spear type top drive adapter 20 coupled to the top drive 10. However, the elevator and the bails have been removed for clarity. In this embodiment, the access tool 210 is disposed between the top drive 10 and the spear 20. The access tool 210 defines a tubular having a main portion 212 and one or more side portions 214 attached thereto. The upper end of the main portion 212 is connected to the top drive 10, and the lower end is connected to the spear 20. Extension subs or tubulars 220A, 220B may be used to couple the access tool 210 to the top drive 10 or the spear 20. A central passage 213 in the main portion 212 is adapted for fluid communication with the top drive 10 and the spear 20. The side entry portions 214 have side entry passages 215 in fluid communication with the central passage 213. In the embodiment shown, the access tool 210 includes two side portions 214. Each side portion 214 may include a pack-off assembly 230 to prevent leakage and hold pressure. In this respect, the pack-off assembly 230 also functions as a blow out preventer. In operation, the wireline 15 accesses the casing through one of the side portions 214. Additionally, the access tool 210 allows the top drive system 200 to reciprocate the casing and circulate drilling fluid using the spear 20 during wireline operation. Fluid may be supplied to the top drive 10 through the fluid supply line 5. In another embodiment, the access tool 210 may optionally include a valve 216 to isolate the fluid in the top drive 10 from fluid supplied through one of the side entry passages 215. Exemplary valves include a ball valve, one-way valves, or any suitable valve known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
In another embodiment, the top drive system 240 may include a sheave assembly 250 attached to the pack-off assembly 245, as illustrated in FIG. 3. The sheave assembly 250 may include a sheave wheel 255 to reduce the friction experienced by the wireline 15. In yet another embodiment, the top drive system 240 may include two spears 261, 262, two torque heads, or combinations thereof to increase the speed of modifying the top drive 10 for wireline operation. As shown, a first spear 261 is connected to the top drive 10 and initially retains a casing string for drilling operations. When wireline operation is desired, the first spear 261 may release the casing and retain an access assembly 270 having an access tool 275, an extension tubular 277, and a spear 262. The spear 262 of the access assembly 270 can now be used to retain the casing string and reciprocate the casing string and/or circulate fluid during the wireline operation. After completion of the wireline operation, the access assembly 270 may be quickly removed by disengagement of the spears 261, 262. It should be appreciated the spears may be torque heads or a combination of spears and torque heads.
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the access system 230. The access system 230 is attached to a spear 20 having gripping members 22 adapted to retain a casing. The access system 230 includes a main portion 231 and a side portion 233. It can be seen that the side entry passage 234 is in fluid communication with the main passage 232. The side portion 233 is equipped with a pack-off assembly 235 and a sheave assembly 236. The sheave assembly 236 includes a sheave wheel 237 supported on a support arm 238 that is attached to the main portion 231. As shown, a cable 15 has been inserted through the pack-off assembly 235, the side entry passage 234, the main passage 232, and the spear 20.
In yet another embodiment, a top drive system 280 may include an external gripping top drive adapter 285 for use with the top drive 10 and the access tool 290, as illustrated in FIG. 5. An exemplary top drive adapter is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/850,347, entitled Casing Running Head, filed on May 20, 2004 by Bernd-Georg Pietras. The application is assigned to the same assignee as the present application and is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. In this embodiment, the top drive adapter 285, also known as a torque head, may release the casing and retain the access tool 290. The access tool 290, as shown, is adapted with one side entry portion 292 having a pack-off assembly 293 and a sheave assembly 294. A casing collar clamp 295 attached to the access tool 290 is used to retain the casing string 3. It must be noted that other types of casing retaining devices such as an elevator or a cross-over adapter may be used instead of the casing collar clamp, as is known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of the access system 300. The access system 300 includes an upper manifold 311 and a lower manifold 312 connected by one or more flow subs 315. Each manifold 311, 312 includes a connection sub 313, 314 for coupling to the top drive 10 or the spear 20. FIG. 6A is a cross-section view of the access system 300. Fluid flowing through the upper connection sub 313 is directed toward a manifold chamber 317 in the upper manifold 311, where it is then separated into the four flow subs 315. Fluid in the flow subs 315 aggregates in a chamber 318 of the lower manifold 312 and exits through the lower connection sub 314, which channels the fluid to the spear 20. Although the embodiment is described with four flow subs, it is contemplated any number of flow subs may be used.
The lower manifold 312 includes an access opening 320 for insertion of the wireline 15. As shown, the opening 320 is fitted with a pack-off assembly 325 to prevent leakage and hold pressure. Preferably, the opening 320 is in axial alignment with the spear 20 and the casing 3. In this respect, the wireline 15 is centered over the hoisting load, thereby minimizing wireline wear, as shown in FIG. 6. The access system 300 may also include a sheave assembly 330 to facilitate the axial alignment of the wireline 15 with the opening 320. The sheave wheel 331 is positioned with respect to the upper manifold 311 such that the wireline 15 routed therethrough is substantially centered with the opening 320.
In another embodiment, a swivel may be disposed between the access system 300 and the spear 20. An exemplary swivel may comprise a bearing system. The addition of the swivel allows the casing string 3 to be rotated while the sheave assembly 330 remains stationary. The casing string 3 may be rotated using a kelly, a rotary table, or any suitable manner known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 7 illustrates another embodiment of an access tool 335. The access tool 335 includes a housing 337 having an upper connection sub 338 and a lower connection sub 339. The connection subs 338, 339 are adapted for fluid communication with a chamber 336 in the housing 337. The housing 337 includes an access port 340 for receiving the wireline 15. The access port 340 is equipped with a pack-off assembly 341 to prevent fluid leakage and hold pressure. In one embodiment, a sheave assembly 345 is installed in the chamber 336 to facilitate movement of the wireline 15. Preferably, the sheave assembly 345 is positioned such that the wireline 15 is aligned with the lower connection sub 339. In another embodiment, a fluid diverter 342 may be installed at the upper portion of the chamber 336 to divert the fluid entering the chamber 336 from the upper connection sub 338. The fluid diverter 342 may be adapted to diffuse the fluid flow, redirect the fluid flow, or combinations thereof.
In another embodiment, the top drive system 350 may be equipped with a tool 360 for releasing downhole actuating devices such as a ball or dart. In one embodiment, the launching or releasing tool 360 may be used to selectively actuate or release a plug 371, 372 during a cementing operation, as shown in FIGS. 8-8A. FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view of the access tool 350 with the launching tool 360. The access tool 350 is similar to the access tool 300 of FIG. 6. As shown, the access tool 350 includes an upper manifold 377 and a lower manifold 376 connected by one or more flow subs 375. Each manifold 377, 376 includes a connection sub 373, 374 for coupling to the top drive 10 or the spear 20. In FIG. 8A, the launching tool 360 has replaced the packing-off assembly 325 shown in FIG. 6. The launching tool 360 is adapted to selectively drop the two balls 361, 362 downhole, thereby causing the release of the two plugs 371, 372 attached to a lower portion of the spear 20. The launching tool 360 includes a bore 363 in substantial alignment with the bore of the connection sub 374. The balls 361, 362 are separately retained in the bore by a respective releasing pin 367, 368. Fluids, such as cement, may be pumped through upper portion 364 of the launching tool 360 and selectively around the balls 361, 362. Actuation of the releasing pin 367, 368 will cause these balls 361, 362, aided by the fluid pumped behind, to be launched into the flow stream to release the plugs 371, 372. It must be noted that any suitable launching tool known to a person of ordinary skill in the art may also be adapted for use with the access tool. In addition, the components may be arranged in any suitable manner. For example, the launching tool 360 may be disposed between the access tool 350 and the spear 20. In this respect, fluid exiting the access tool 350 will flow through the launching tool 360 before entering the spear 20.
In operation, the first release pin 367 is deactivated to allow the first ball 361 to drop into the lower manifold 376 and travel downward to the spear 20. The first ball 361 is preferably positioned between the drilling fluid and the cement. The first ball 361 will land and seat in the first, or lower, plug 371 and block off fluid flow downhole. Fluid pressure build up will cause the first plug 371 to release downhole. As it travels downward, the first plug 371 functions as a buffer between the drilling fluid, which is ahead of the first plug 371, and the cement, which is behind the first plug 371. When sufficient cement has been introduced, the second release pin 368 is deactivated to drop the second ball 362 from the launching tool 360. The second ball 362 will travel through the bore and land in the second, or upper, plug 372. Seating of the ball 362 will block off fluid flow and cause an increase in fluid pressure. When a predetermined fluid pressure is reached, the second plug 372 will be released downhole. The second plug 372 will separate the cement, which is in front of the second plug 372, from the drilling fluid or spacer fluid, which is behind the second plug 372.
In another embodiment, the plugs may be coupled to the casing string instead of the top drive adapter. As shown in FIG. 8C, a plug 400 is provided with a retaining member 410 for selective attachment to a casing string 3. Preferably, the retaining member 410 attaches to the casing string 3 at a location where two casing sections 403, 404 are threadedly connected to a coupling 405. Particularly, the retaining member 410 includes a key 412 that is disposable between the ends of the two casing sections 403, 404. The plug 400, in turn, is attached to the retaining member 410 using a shearable member 420. The plug 400 and the retaining member 410 include a bore 422 for fluid flow therethrough. The plug 400 also includes a seat 425 for receiving an actuatable device such as a ball or dart. Preferably, the retaining member 410 and the plug 400 are made of a drillable material, as is known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. It must be noted that although only one plug is shown, more than one plug may be attached to the retaining member for multiple plug releases.
In operation, a ball dropped from the launching tool 360 will travel in the wellbore until it lands in the seat 425 of the plug 400, thereby closing off fluid flow downhole. Thereafter, increase in pressure behind the ball will cause the shearable member 420 to fail, thereby releasing the plug 400 from the retaining member 410. In this manner, a plug 400 may be released from various locations in the wellbore.
FIG. 8B shows another embodiment of coupling the plug to the casing string. In this embodiment, the retaining member comprises a packer 440. The packer 440 may comprise a drillable packer, a retrievable packer, or combinations thereof. The packer 440 includes one or more engagement members 445 for gripping the wall of the casing 3. An exemplary packer is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,787,979, which patent is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. As shown, two plugs 451, 452 are selectively attached to the packer 440 and are adapted for release by an actuatable device such as a ball. Preferably, the first, or lower, plug 451 has a ball seat 453 that is smaller than the ball seat 454 of the second, or upper, plug 452. In this respect, a smaller ball launched from the launching tool may bypass the second plug 452 and land in the seat 453 of the first plug 451, thereby releasing the first plug 451. Thereafter, the second plug 452 may be released by a larger second ball. In this manner, the plugs 451, 452 may be selectively released from the packer 440. After the plugs 451, 452 have been released, the packer 440 may be retrieved or drilled through.
In another embodiment, the launching tool may be installed on an access tool similar to the one shown in FIG. 3. For example, the sheave assembly 236 and pack-off 235 may be removed and a launching tool such as a ball launcher with a top entry may be installed on a side portion 233. In this respect, one or more balls may be launched to release one or more cementing plugs located below the spear or torque head.
In another aspect, the top drive system 500 may include a top drive 510, a cementing tool 515, and a top drive adapter, as illustrated in FIG. 9. As shown, the top drive adapter comprises a spear 520. The cementing tool 515 is adapted to selectively block off fluid flow from the top drive 510 during cementing operations.
FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the cementing tool 515. The cementing tool 515 includes a central bore 522 for fluid communication with the top drive 510 and the spear 520. A valve 525 is disposed in an upper portion of the bore 522 to selectively block off fluid communication with the top drive 510. The valve 525 is actuated between an open position and a close position by operation of a piston 530. As shown, the piston 530 is biased by a biasing member 532 to maintain the valve 525 in the open position. To close the valve 525, an actuating fluid is introduced through a fluid port 541 to move the piston 530 toward the valve 525. In this respect, movement of the piston 530 compresses the biasing member 532 and closes the valve 525, thereby blocking off fluid communication of the cementing tool 515 and the top drive 510. Thereafter, cement may be introduced into the bore 522 through the cementing port 545.
In another aspect, the cementing tool 515 may be adapted to release one or more actuating devices into the wellbore. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the cementing tool 515 is adapted to selectively launch three balls 561. It must be noted that the cementing tool 515 may be adapted to launch any suitable number or type of actuating devices. Each ball 561 is retained by a release piston 550A before being dropped into the wellbore. The piston 550A is disposed in an axial channel 555 formed adjacent to the bore 522. In one embodiment, the piston 550A has a base 551 attached to the body of the cementing tool 515 and a piston head 552 that is extendable or retractable relative to the base 551. The outer diameter of a portion of the piston head 552 is sized such that an annulus 553 is formed between the piston head 552 and the wall of the axial channel 555. Seal members or 0-rings may be suitably disposed in the base 551 and the piston head 552 to enclose the annulus 553. The annulus 553 formed is in selective fluid communication with an actuating fluid port 542A. In this respect, the actuating fluid may be supplied into the annulus 553 to extend the piston head 552 relative to the base 551, or relieved to retract the piston head 552. Preferably, the piston head 552 is maintained in the retracted position by a biasing member 557, as shown FIG. 10.
The release piston 550A is provided with an opening 563 to house the ball 561 and a cement bypass 565. In the retracted position shown, the cement bypass 565 is in fluid communication with a radial fluid channel 570A connecting the cement port 545 to the bore 522. In this respect, cementing fluid may be supplied into the bore 522 without causing the ball 561 to release. When the piston head 552 is extended, the opening 563 is, in turn, placed in fluid communication with the radial fluid channel 570A.
As discussed, the cementing tool 515 may be adapted to release one or more actuating devices. In the cross-sectional view of FIG. 10A, it can be seen that three release pistons 550A, 550B, 550C are circumferentially disposed around the bore 522. Cementing fluid coming in from either of the cementing ports 545, 545A is initially circulated in an annular channel 575. Three radial fluid channels 570A, 570B, 570C connect the annular channel 575 to the bore 522 of the cementing tool 515. Each radial fluid channel 570A, 570B, 570C also intersect the cement bypass 565 of a respective release piston 550A, 550B, 550C.
To release the first ball 561, actuating fluid is introduced through the fluid port 542A and into the annulus 553 of the first release piston 550A. In turn, the piston head 552 is extended to place the opening 563 in fluid communication with the radial fluid channel 570A. Thereafter, cement flowing through the cementing port 545, the annular channel 575, and the radial channel 570A urges to the ball 561 toward the bore 522, thereby dropping the ball 561 downhole. Because either position of the piston head 552 provides for fluid communication with the cementing port 545, the piston head 552 may remain in the extended position after the first ball 561 is released.
To release the second ball, actuating fluid is introduced through the second fluid port 542B and into the annulus 553 of the second release piston 550B. In turn, the piston head 552 is extended to place the opening 563 in fluid communication with the radial fluid channel 570B. Thereafter, cement flowing through the radial channel 570B urges to the ball 561 toward the bore 522, thereby dropping the ball 561 downhole. The third ball may be released in a similar manner by supplying actuating fluid through the third fluid port 542C.
In another aspect, the cementing tool 515 may optionally include a swivel mechanism to facilitate the cementing operation. In one embodiment, the fluid ports 541, 542A, 542B, 542C and the cementing port 545 may be disposed on a sleeve 559. The sleeve 559 may be coupled to the body of the cementing tool using one or more bearings 558A, 558B. As shown in FIG. 10, two sets of bearings 558A, 558B are disposed between the sleeve 559 and the body of the cementing tool 515. In this respect, the body of the cementing tool 515 may be rotated by the top drive 10 without rotating the ports 541, 542A, 542B, 542C, 545 and the fluid lines connected thereto. During the cementing operation, the swivel mechanism of the cementing tool 515 allows the top drive 10 to rotate the drill string 3, thereby providing a more efficient distribution of cementing in the wellbore.
In another embodiment, the cementing tool 515 may include additional fluid ports to introduce fluid into the top drive system. For example, hydraulic fluids may be supplied through the additional fluid ports to operate the spear, torque head, weight/thread compensation sub, or other devices connected to the top drive. Additionally, operating fluids may also be supplied through one of the existing ports 541, 542A, 542B, 542C, 545 of the cementing tool 515.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Patent Application
20060032638
