Claims
- 1. A process for treating wood comprising the steps of
- introducing the wood into a closed chamber,
- applying a continuous mechanical force in the range of 1-150 kilograms/square centimeter to at least one surface of said wood,
- applying a temperature in the range of 70.degree.-200.degree. Centigrade to said wood,
- increasing the atmospheric pressure within said chamber to 2 -45 atmospheres before steam is formed in said wood,
- reducing the atmospheric pressure within said chamber and removing the moisturized air from said chamber,
- applying a vacuum to said wood when the pressure in said chamber is at approximate room pressure, and
- cooling the wood, releasing the vacuum, releasing the mechanical pressure, and removing the wood from the chamber.
- 2. The process of claim 1 wherein the step of removing the moisturized air from said chamber comprises applying a source of dry hot air at approximately the temperature of said wood to said chamber.
- 3. The process of claim 1 wherein said step of applying a temperature in the range of 70.degree.-200.degree. Centigrade to said wood and the step of increasing the atmospheric pressure within said chamber to 2-45 atmospheres before steam is formed in said wood are simultaneous.
- 4. The process of claim 1 further including preheating said wood.
- 5. The process of claim 4 wherein said wood is preheated to a temperature not exceeding 60.degree. Centigrade when no mechanical force is applied to said wood and to a temperature not exceeding 80.degree. Centigrade when a mechanical force in the range of 1-5 kilograms/square centimeter is applied to said wood.
- 6. The process of claim 1 further including the steps after said step of introducing the wood into a closed chamber of
- applying a vacuum in the order of 0.005-80 mm. Hg to said chamber, and
- releasing said vacuum.
- 7. The process of claim 1 further including applying a stain to the wood before treating said wood.
- 8. The process of claim 1 further including applying a stain selected from the group consisting of alcohol base, oil base and water base stains to said wood before treating said wood.
- 9. The process of claim 1 further including the step after said vacuum step of applying a stain to the wood in said chamber.
- 10. The process of claim 1 further including applying a chemical composition selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, phenol, polyester, polyethylene, epoxy, copper chrome arsenate and ammonium chloride to the wood before treating said wood.
- 11. The process of claim 1 further including the step after said vacuum step of applying a chemical composition selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, phenol, polyester, polyethylene, epoxy, copper chrome arsenate and ammonium chloride to the wood in said chamber.
- 12. The process of claim 1 further including the step of increasing the mechanical force applied to said wood beginning with the step of reducing the atmospheric pressure within said chamber.
- 13. A process for treating wood comprising the steps of
- introducing the wood into a closed chamber,
- applying a continuous mechanical force to at least one surface of said wood,
- applying a temperature in the range of 70.degree.-200.degree. Centigrade to said chamber,
- increasing the atmospheric pressure within said chamber to 2-45 atmospheres,
- reducing the atmospheric pressure within said chamber and removing the moisturized air from said chamber,
- applying a vacuum to said wood when the pressure in said chamber is at approximate room pressure, and
- cooling the wood, releasing the vacuum, releasing the mechanical force, and removing the wood from the chamber.
- 14. The process of claim 13 wherein said mechanical force is in the range of 1-5000 kilograms/square centimeter.
- 15. The process of claim 13 wherein said vacuum is in the order of 0.005-80 mm. Hg.
- 16. The process of claim 13 further including the step after said step of introducing the wood into a closed chamber of
- applying a chemical composition to soften the fibers of said wood.
- 17. The process of claim 16 wherein said chemical composition at least partially comprises ammonia.
- 18. A process for treating wood comprising the steps of
- introducing the wood into a closed chamber,
- applying a continuous mechanical force in the range of 1-150 kilograms/square centimeter to at least one surface of said wood,
- increasing the temperature within said chamber to 70.degree.-200.degree. Centigrade,
- increasing the atmospheric pressure within said chamber to 2-45 atmospheres before steam is formed in said wood,
- reducing the atmospheric pressure within said chamber and introducing a source of dry hot air into said chamber when the temperature within said wood is in the range of 70.degree.-180.degree. Centigrade,
- applying a vacuum in the order of 0.005-80 mm. Hg to the wood in said chamber, and
- cooling the wood, releasing the vacuum, releasing the mechanical force, and removing the wood from the chamber.
- 19. The process of claim 18 further including the steps after said release of vacuum step of
- introducing a chemical composition selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, phenol, polyester, polyethylene, epoxy, copper chrome arsenate and ammonium chloride into said chamber,
- increasing the atmospheric pressure within said chamber to 2-45 atmospheres,
- introducing a source of dry heat into said chamber, and
- applying a vacuum in the order of 0.005-80 mm. Hg to the interior of said chamber after releasing said vacuum.
- 20. The process of claim 18 wherein a stain selected from the group consisting of alcohol base, oil base and water base stains is applied before treating the wood.
- 21. A process for treating wood comprising the steps of
- introducing the wood into a closed chamber,
- applying a continuous mechanical pressure in the range of 1-150 kilograms/square centimeter to at least one surface of said wood,
- applying a first source of heat in the range of 70.degree.-200.degree. Centigrade to said wood,
- introducing a second source of heat into said chamber,
- regulating the temperature of said second source of heat to approximately equal said first source of heat,
- increasing the atmospheric pressure within said chamber to 2-45 atmospheres,
- reducing the atmospheric pressure and introducing hot dry air into said chamber when the temperature within said wood is in the range of 70.degree.-180.degree. Centigrade,
- applying a vacuum to the wood whereby low pressure steam is removed from said wood,
- cooling the wood, releasing the vacuum, releasing the mechanical pressure, and removing the wood from the chamber.
- 22. The process of claim 21 further including the step of
- increasing the mechanical pressure applied to said wood during such time that the atmospheric pressure is being reduced and hot dry air is being introduced into said chamber.
- 23. The process of claim 21 further including the steps after said release of vacuum step of
- injecting a chemical composition selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, phenol, polyester, polyethylene, epoxy, copper chrome arsenate and ammonium chloride into said wood,
- increasing the atmospheric pressure within said chamber to 2-45 atmospheres,
- introducing a source of hot dry air into said chamber,
- applying a vacuum in the order of 0.005-80 mm. Hg to the wood in said chamber, and
- releasing said vacuum.
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation-in-part of applicant's copending application Ser. No. 355,342, filed on Apr. 30, 1973, now abandoned.
Heretofore it has been the general practice to dry woods and other fibrous materials in a kiln or oven whereby the moisture in the material undergoing treatment is first converted into steam and thereafter said steam is removed. In those processes wherein the outer surfaces of said materials are dried first, any steam subsequently formed must pass through this dried outer zone with resultant cracking and splintering of the material. Additionally, in many woods, gums and resins are destroyed if the process is conducted at elevated temperatures thereby degrading the product or decreasing the market value thereof.
It is therefore the primary object of the invention to provide apparatus and a process for drying fibrous materials under controlled conditions, further including staining, finishing, fireproofing, laminating, forming, shaping and increasing the tensile strength thereof.
Another object is to provide apparatus and a process for drying fibrous materials including means to apply mechanical pressure to said materials and also permit a source of heat, steam, atmospheric pressure, dry air, vacuum and other fluids to be applied to or removed from said fibrous material.
A final object is to provide a process for drying woods wherein cracking and splintering is minimized and there is no degradation of the gums and resins in said wood.
US Referenced Citations (16)
Foreign Referenced Citations (2)
| Number |
Date |
Country |
| 859,780 |
Jan 1961 |
UK |
| 845,751 |
Aug 1960 |
UK |
Continuation in Parts (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
| Parent |
355342 |
Apr 1973 |
|
Patent Grant
4017980
