This disclosure relates to liquefaction apparatus, methods, and systems.
Natural gas reserves exist throughout the world. Some reserves are located far from high demand markets, such as the United States, requiring specialized vessels to transport the gas from reserve to market. It may be cheaper and easier to transport the gas in liquid form. For example, it is common to liquefy the natural gas on land proximate to the reserve and transport the liquefied natural gas (or “LNG”) long distances over water using an LNG carrier vessel. Land-based liquefaction is not always possible. For example, a significant amount of natural gas exists in deep-water reserves situated under remote bodies of water, without any land proximate thereto. Water-based liquefaction is desirable in these instances. Floating liquefied natural gas facilities have been used to liquefy natural gas from deep-water reserves. One example is the Prelude FLNG, currently the world's largest vessel. Another significant amount of natural gas exists in shallow waters inaccessible to large, oceangoing vessels like the Prelude. Improvements are required to use water-based liquefaction in these waters.
One aspect of this disclosure is a system for at-shore liquefaction. This system may comprise: a source of electricity and preprocessed feed gas and a water-based apparatus. The water-based apparatus may comprise: an air-cooled electric refrigeration module (“AER Module”) configured to input electricity and preprocessed feed gas from the source, convert the preprocessed feed gas into a liquefied natural gas (“LNG”), and output the LNG; and a plurality of LNG storage tanks configured to input the LNG from the AER Module, and output the LNG to an LNG transport vessel.
In some aspects, the source may generate the preprocessed feed gas by removing unwanted elements. For example, the unwanted elements may include at least heavy hydrocarbons. The AER Module may convert a portion of the preprocessed feed gas into a fuel gas, and output the fuel gas to the source. For example, the source may generate a portion of the electricity; and may comprise a gas-powered generator configured to generate the portion of the electricity with the fuel gas. One of a port side or a starboard side of the water-based apparatus may be moorable to an at-shore anchor structure. For example, the one of the port side or the starboard side may be engageable with a walkway structure. The water-based apparatus may comprise a containment system configured to direct cryogenic spills over the other one of the port side or the starboard side.
The electricity input from the source may be equal or greater than approximately 100 kV and approximately 220 MW. For example, the electricity may be input from the source with a line including one or more conductors, and the system may further comprise a transit bridge extendable between the water-based apparatus and the source to support the line. The water-based apparatus may comprise a closed loop ballast system operable with a ballast fluid to stabilize the water-based apparatus without discharging the ballast fluid. In some aspects, the AER Module may comprise one or more refrigeration trains comprising electric compressors, air coolers, and knock-out drums. For example, the one or more refrigeration trains may be configured to perform a dual-mixed refrigeration process.
The system may comprise a controller operable with the source and the water-based apparatus and/or a plurality of sensors comprising sensors of the source and sensors of the water-based apparatus. For example, the controller may operate the AER Module and at least a power supply component at the source based on data output from the sensors of the water-based apparatus and the sensors of the source. As a further example, the controller may comprise one or more devices located remotely from the water-based apparatus and the source. The plurality of LNG storage tanks comprise a single row of tanks spaced apart along a centerline axis of the hull. In some aspects, the water-based apparatus may not comprise a primary power generation system or a gas preprocessing system.
Another aspect is a water-based apparatus for at-shore liquefaction. This apparatus may comprise: an air-cooled electric refrigeration module (“AER Module”) on or above an upper deck of the water-based apparatus and configured to input electricity and preprocessed feed gas from a source, convert the preprocessed feed gas into a liquefied natural gas (“LNG”), and output the LNG; and a plurality of LNG storage tanks in a hull of the water-based apparatus and configured to input the LNG from the AER Module, and output the LNG to an LNG transport vessel.
The preprocessed gas may exclude at least heavy hydrocarbons and/or the electricity may be equal or greater than approximately 100 kV and approximately 220 MW. All of the LNG may be routed into the hull from the AER Module and out of the hull from the plurality of LNG storage tanks. The apparatus may further comprise an output port in a central portion of the apparatus to output the LNG to the LNG transport vessel. For example, the plurality of LNG storage tanks may comprise a single row of tanks spaced apart along a centerline axis of the hull; and a storage volume of each tank in the single row of tanks is approximately centered on the centerline axis. As a further example, each tank of the plurality of LNG tanks may be a membrane tank, and the storage volume of each membrane tank may comprise an irregular cross-sectional shape that may be defined by inner portions of the hull and/or centered on the centerline axis.
According to this disclosure, the water-based apparatus may further comprise a gas collection and distribution system on the water-based apparatus to: input a first gas from the AER Module and a second gas from the plurality of LNG storage tanks; and output the first gas and the second gas to a compressor. The first gas may be different from the second gas. In some aspects, the fuel gas distribution system may be configured to input a third gas from the LNG transport vessel. The second gas and the third gas may be boil-off gas. The apparatus also may comprise a plurality of sensors configured to detect cryogenic spills and leaks of flammable gas. As a further example, the apparatus may comprise: channels above the hull to collect the cryogenic spills; downcomers in communication with the channels to direct the cryogenic fluid over and away from one side of the hull; and nozzles to spray exterior surfaces of the one side of the hull with a protective fluid in response to the plurality of sensors.
For stability, the water-based apparatus may comprise a closed loop ballast water system comprising: a plurality of ballast tanks below the upper deck; and one or more pumps configured to move a ballast fluid between the plurality of ballast tanks without discharging any of the ballast fluid to the environment. The AER Module may comprise one or more refrigeration trains comprising electric compressors and air coolers. For example, the one or more refrigeration trains comprise: a first refrigeration train configured to receive a first portion of the preprocessed feed gas and output a first portion of the LNG; and a second refrigeration train configured to receive a second portion of the pre-preprocessed feed gas and output a second portion of the LNG, wherein the first refrigeration train is independent of the second refrigeration train. Each train of the one or more refrigeration trains may comprise a pre-cooling heat exchanger, a main cryogenic heat exchanger, a warm-mixed refrigeration circuit, a cold-mixed refrigeration circuit, an expander, and an end flash vessel. In some aspects, a substantial portion of the first refrigeration train may be aft of a mid-ship axis of the apparatus, a substantial portion of the second refrigeration train may be forward of the mid-ship axis, and a weight of the first refrigeration train may be balanced against a weight of the second refrigeration train about the mid-ship axis to stabilize the water-based apparatus. According to these aspects, the water-based apparatus may not comprise a primary power generation system or a gas preprocessing system.
Yet another aspect is a method of at-shore liquefaction. This method may comprise: inputting to a water-based apparatus, electricity and preprocessed feed gas from a source; converting the preprocessed feed gas into a liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) with an air-cooled electric refrigeration module (“AER Module”) of the water-based apparatus; outputting the LNG from the AER Module to a plurality of LNG storage tanks of the water-based apparatus; and outputting the LNG from the plurality of LNG storage tanks to an LNG transport vessel.
In some aspect, the method may comprise generating the preprocessed feed gas by removing at least heavy hydrocarbons at the source and/or routing the LNG through the upper deck when outputting the LNG from the AER Module and the plurality of LNG storage tanks. For example, the method may comprise routing the LNG through an output port at or adjacent a midship axis of the apparatus when outputting the LNG from the plurality of LNG storage tanks to the LNG transport vessel. The method may comprise collecting a first gas from the AER Module and a second gas from the plurality of LNG storage tanks, and outputting the first gas and the second gas to at least one compressor. The method also may comprise inputting a third gas from the LNG transport vessel and outputting the third gas to the at least one compressor.
For safety, the method may comprise detecting cryogenic spills and releases of flammable gas with a plurality of sensors of the water-based apparatus. And for stability, the method may comprise moving a ballast fluid within a closed loop ballast system of the water-based apparatus to stabilize the apparatus without discharging any of the ballast fluid. In some aspects, converting the preprocessed feed gas into the LNG may comprise performing a dual-mixed refrigeration process with the AER Module. The method may comprise generating at least a portion of the electricity with a power generator at the source. In some aspects, the method also may comprise operating and controlling the water-based apparatus and the source with a controller in communication with both the source and the water-based apparatus.
Still another aspect is a method of manufacturing a water-based apparatus for at-shore liquefaction. This method may comprise: receiving a hull assembled at a first location; assembling an air-cooled electric refrigeration module (“AER Module”) at a second location different from the first location; attaching the AER Module to the hull at the second location; testing systems of the AER Module and the hull at the second location; and moving the hull to an at-shore location different from the first location and the second location.
The received hull may include a plurality of LNG storage tanks assembled in the hull at the first location. In some aspects, the method may comprise locating a ballast fluid in a void space above the plurality of LNG storage tanks to obtain a hull deflection at the second location. For example, the method may comprise further maintaining the hull deflection by incrementally releasing the ballast fluid while attaching the AER Module at the second location so that a weight applied by the ballast fluid is reduced in proportion to a weight applied by the AER Module.
Still yet another aspect is a method of using a water-based apparatus for at-shore liquefaction. This method may comprise: moving the water-based apparatus to an at-shore location comprising a source of electricity and preprocessed feed gas; inputting the electricity and the preprocessed feed gas from the source to an air-cooled refrigeration module (“AER Module”) of the water-based apparatus; and outputting a liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) from the AER Module to a plurality of LNG storage tanks of the water-based apparatus.
This method may comprise outputting fuel gas from the water-based apparatus to the source and generating at least a portion of the electricity with the fuel gas. Some aspects may comprise outputting the LNG from the plurality of LNG storage tanks to an LNG transport vessel and/or inputting additional fuel gas from the LNG transport vessel.
Related kits are also disclosed. Other aspects and features of the present disclosure will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of illustrative embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying figures.
The accompanying drawings constitute part of the present disclosure. Each drawing illustrates exemplary aspects of this disclosure that, together with the written descriptions, serve to explain the principles described herein.
Aspects of the present disclosure are now described with reference to exemplary liquefaction apparatus, methods, and systems. Some aspects are described with reference to a water-based apparatus comprising a refrigeration module and a plurality of LNG storage tanks. The refrigeration module may be described as air-cooled, electrically driven, and located on the water-based apparatus; and each LNG storage tank may be described as a membrane tank located in a hull of the apparatus. Unless claimed, these exemplary descriptions are provided for convenience and not intended to limit the present disclosure. Accordingly, the described aspects may be applicable to any liquefaction apparatus, methods, or systems.
Nautical terms are used in this disclosure. For example, nautical terms such as “aft,” “forward,” “starboard,” and “port” may be used to describe relative directions and orientations; and their respective initials “A,” “F,” “S,” and “P,” may be appended to an arrow to depict a direction or orientation. In this disclosure, forward means toward a front (or “bow”) of the apparatus; aft means toward a rear (or “stern”) of the apparatus; port means toward a left side of the apparatus; and starboard means toward a right side of the apparatus. As shown in
Unless claimed, these nautical terms and axes are provided for convenience and ease of description, and not intended to limit aspects of the present disclosure to a particular direction or orientation. Any other terms of art used herein are similarly non-limiting unless claimed. As used herein, terms such as “comprises,” “comprising,” or any variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an aspect of a method or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements; but may include other elements that are not expressly listed and/or inherent to such aspect. In addition, the term “exemplary” is used in the sense of “example,” rather than “ideal.”
An exemplary water-based apparatus 10 for at-shore liquefaction is shown in
Aspects of water-based apparatus 10 may be utilized within a system 100 for at-shore liquefaction. As shown in
Source 2 may include a single or combined source of the electricity and the preprocessed feed gas. As shown in
As also shown in
Power plant 7 may output the electricity to water-based apparatus via a line 7L that may include a plurality of electrical conductors. For example, the electricity may be equal or greater than approximately 100 kV and approximately 220 MW, the plurality of conductors may be configured to transmit the electricity. Line 7L may be supported with a cable transit bridge extending between water-based apparatus 10 and power plant 7. For example, the cable transit bridge may be attached to at-shore anchor 4, such as underneath the walkway structure shown in
Alternatively, power plant 7 may generate all or a portion of the electricity using a generator. For example, water-based apparatus 10 may output various types of fuel gas (e.g., such as boil-off gas) to fuel gas mixing vessel 6 via a line 6L; and power plant 7 may comprise a gas-powered generator that inputs the fuel gas from vessel 6 and outputs the electricity to apparatus 10 via line 7L. System 100 may be a closed-loop system. For example, power plant 7 may use the gas-powered generator to generate all or substantially all of the electricity required by water-based apparatus 10 with the fuel gas from vessel 6. To ensure continuous operation without sacrificing environmental performance, system 100 also may include additional sources of clean energy, such as batteries, solar panels, wave turbines, wind turbines, and the like.
As shown in
Control room 9 is shown conceptually in
To perform these and related functions, processing unit 122 and memory 124 may comprise any combination of local and/or remote processor(s) and/or memory device(s). Any combination of wired and/or wireless communications may be used to communicate input data 130 and control signals 140 within system 100. Therefore, transceiver 126 may comprise any wired and/or wireless data communication technologies (e.g., BlueTooth®, mesh networks, optical networks, WiFi, etc.). Transceiver 126 also may be configured to establish and maintain communications within system 100 using related technologies. Accordingly, all or portions of controller 120 may be located anywhere, such as in control room 9 (e.g., a computer) and/or in any network accessible device in communication with room 9 (e.g., a smartphone in communication with the computer).
Because of the capabilities described herein, controller 120 may perform any number of coordinated functions within at-shore liquefaction system 100. One example is energy management. For example, controller 120 of
As shown in
System 100 may comprise a mobile unit 9′ shown in
Water-based apparatus 10 may be greatly simplified within system 100 to reduce manufacturing costs. For example, apparatus 10 may rely upon source 2 to provide all of the preprocessed gas and the electricity, meaning that apparatus 10 may not comprise any of: a power generation system, a process heating system, and/or a diesel system. Because the at-shore location and shallow waters 1 may provide access to personal and supplies, apparatus 10 may be fully operational without many systems typically found on ocean-going vessels. These omissions may reduce the cost of manufacturing. For example, because of the walkway structure provided by at-shore anchor 4, apparatus 10 may not comprise any one or more of following elements: a marine loading arm; living quarters for a substantial portion of the crew; or a helideck. Likewise, because apparatus 10 may be towed to shallow waters 1 and moored to at-shore anchor 4 for extended periods (e.g., years), it also may not comprise a primary propulsion system suitable for ocean travel. As a further example, because of preprocessing plant 5 (or 5′) and power plant 7 (or 7′), apparatus 10 also may not comprise a substantial gas preprocessing system, allowing for omission of any process heating and related elements otherwise provided by plant 5; or a primary power generation system, allowing for omission of any non-emergency power generators otherwise provided by plant 7.
Additional aspects of water-based apparatus 10 are now described with reference to
AER Module 20 may comprise any refrigeration technology, including any technologies utilizing air-coolers and electronically driven (or “e-Drive”) compressors to precool, liquefy, and sub-cool a portion of the preprocessed feed gas. For example, AER Module 20 may comprise one or more refrigeration trains utilizing dual-mixed refrigerants, including a first refrigeration train 22 and a second refrigeration train 23. More particular aspects of apparatus 10 are now described with reference to refrigeration trains 22 and 23. These aspects are exemplary unless claimed, meaning that AER Module 20 may still comprise any number of refrigeration trains utilizing any refrigeration technology.
Each refrigeration train may utilize dual-mixed refrigerants. As shown in
Each refrigeration train may operate independently. For example, first refrigeration train 22 may receive a first portion of the preprocessed feed gas and output a first portion of the LNG; and second refrigeration train 23 may receive a second portion of the feed gas and output a second portion of the LNG. Each refrigeration train may be all-electric. For example, warm-mixed refrigeration circuits 28 and 29 of
Various benefits may be realized with particular arrangements of one or more refrigeration trains. For example, first and second refrigeration trains 22, 23 of
As shown in
Aspects of the connection between AER Module 20 and structures 17 may allow Module 20 to be manufactured separately from hull 11. For example, hull 11 may be manufactured a first location, such as a ship yard; and AER Module 20 may be manufactured at a second location different from the first location, such as a dedicated manufacturing facility at, adjacent, or accessible to the ship yard. As a further example, AER Module 20 may be attached to hull 11 at either the first or second location depending upon the expense and logistics of transporting hull 11 to AER Module 20 or vice versa. As shown by the dotted line in
The topside scope and the hull scope may be defined relative to upper deck 12. For example, the topside scope may include aspects related to AER Module 20; and the hull scope may include aspects related to plurality of LNG storage tanks 60. As a further example, the hull scope may include attaching structures 17 to hull 11 at the first location; and the topside scope may include attaching AER Module 20 to structures 17 with frames 21A and seats 21B at the first or second location. Related methods are described further below. As also shown in
The plurality of LNG storage tanks 60 may be located in hull 11. For example, the inner hull may include a plurality of bulkheads 15, and the tanks 60 may be located between the bulkheads 15. As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
Access to hull 11 from upper deck 12 may be provided by a primary opening extending through central portion 16. For example, all other openings extending through deck 12 may be secondary openings that are either: (i) smaller, incidental openings that may be sealed by sealants; or (ii) substantially occupied by structural supports. All the processing piping for moving the LNG between upper deck 12 and hull 11 may be routed through central portion 16. For example, IO port 14 may be located adjacent to the primary opening of central portion 16, and all of the LNG may be routed through the primary opening when being input from AER Module 20 to the plurality of LNG storage tanks 60 and output from tanks 60 to IO port 14.
To reduce costs, numerous operational systems of water-based apparatus 10 also may be assembled during the hull scope, prior to installing AER Module 20 during the topside scope. Exemplary operational systems may comprise: LNG distribution system 70; a fuel gas collection and distribution system 74; a sensor system 78; a containment system 80; and a closed loop ballast system 90. As described below, various aspects of systems 70, 74, 78, 80, and 90 may interface with AER Module 20 and/or be operated by controller 120.
LNG distribution system 70 may input the LNG into plurality of LNG storage tanks 60 and output the LNG from tanks 60 to IO port 14. As shown in
Fuel gas collection and distribution system 74 may input fuel gas from a plurality of sources and output the fuel gas to one of AER Module 20 or IO port 14. Different types of gas may be collected and distributed with system 74. For example, system 74 may input low-pressure fuel gas from: (i) AER Module 20 as a byproduct of liquefaction; (ii) plurality of LNG storage tanks 60 as boil-off gas; and/or (iii) LNG transport vessel 8 as excess boil-off gas. As shown in
Because metal becomes brittle at low temperatures, various structural elements of water-based apparatus 10 (e.g., hull 11 and bulkheads 15) may be damaged by exposure to cryogenic spills, including any unwanted release of cryogenic liquid. Any leaks of flammable gas may pose similar risks. Sensor system 78 may determine whether spills or leaks have occurred, and containment system 80 may direct the spills overboard without damaging apparatus 10. Similar to above, a first portion of systems 78 and 80 may be assembled during the hull scope of work, and a second portion of systems 78 and 80 may be assembled during the topside scope of work.
As shown in
Containment system 80 may cause the spills to be directed overboard without damaging apparatus 10. As shown in
Aspects of closed loop ballast system 90 are shown in
Exemplary methods of operating, manufacturing, and using apparatus 10 are now described with reference to a method 200 of at-shore liquefaction (e.g.,
As shown in
Inputting step 210 may comprise intermediate steps for producing the preprocessed feed gas. For example, step 210 may comprise: inputting raw or unprocessed natural gas to preprocessing plant 5, performing various processes to remove unwanted elements (e.g. heavy hydrocarbons), and outputting the preprocessed feed gas from plant 5. Any known process may be used in step 210 to remove at least heavy hydrocarbons at source 2.
Converting step 220 may comprise intermediate steps based on the configuration of apparatus 10. For example, step 220 may comprise performing a dual-mixed refrigeration process with AER Module 20. In this example, converting step 220 may comprise: a pre-cooling process; a refrigeration process; an expansion process; and a storage process. The pre-cooling process may comprise cooling a portion of the preprocessed feed gas against a warm-mixed refrigeration circuit 28 or 29 and outputting a first cooled gas. The refrigeration process may comprise performing a first closed-loop refrigeration cycle including two-stage compression, performing a second closed-loop refrigeration cycle including three-stage compression, cooling the first cooled gas against a cold-mixed refrigeration circuit 30 or 31, and outputting a second cooled gas. The expansion process may comprise reducing a pressure of the second cooled gas (e.g., with expander 32) to produce chilled liquid natural gas, routing the chilled natural to an end flash gas vessel (e.g., vessel 34), and outputting the LNG and fuel gas from the vessel. And the storage process may comprise outputting the LNG from the vessel to LNG distribution system 70 and routing the LNG into tanks 60 therewith.
First outputting step 230 may comprise intermediate steps for outputting the LNG to vessel 8, such as operating the pump 72 in each LNG storage tank 60 to output the LNG to LNG transport vessel 8 through IO port 14 and line 8L. For example, step 230 may comprise routing the LNG through central portion 16 of upper deck 12 when outputting the LNG from AER Module 20 and tanks 60. Second output step 240 may likewise comprise intermediate steps for outputting the fuel gas. For example, step 240 may comprise utilizing fuel gas collection and distribution system 74 to collect low pressure fuel gas from the various sources, such as AER Module 20, the plurality of LNG storage tanks 60, and/or LNG transport vessel 8. In keeping with above, additional steps of step 240 may comprise: compressing the collected low-pressure fuel gas into a high-pressure fuel gas and outputting the high-pressure feed gas to source 2 through IO port 14 and line 6L.
Method 200 also may comprise additional steps. For example, method 200 may further comprise: detecting any spills of cryogenic fluid or releases of flammable gas with plurality of sensors 79; moving a ballast fluid within closed loop ballast system 90 to stabilize the apparatus without discharging any of the ballast fluid; generating at least a portion of the electricity with the source 2; and/or operating apparatus 10 and source 2 with controller 120 located on apparatus 10, at source 2, or on another water-based apparatus.
As shown in
Receiving step 310 may comprise intermediate steps associated with the hull scope of work (e.g.,
Attaching step 330 may comprise intermediate steps for attaching AER Module 20 and rendering Module 20 operational. For example, after assembling tanks 60, attaching step 330 may comprise: locating a ballast fluid in void space 64 before attaching AER Module 20 to control deflections of hull 11 by simulating a weight of AER Module 20; and incrementally releasing the ballast fluid while attaching AER Module 20 so that the simulated weight applied by the ballast fluid is reduced in proportion to an actual weight applied by AER Module 20. As a further example, once the actual weight of AER Module 20 has been applied, step 330 may further comprise attaching each seat 21B to one of the structures 17 and/or coupling connective piping 19 from AER Module 20 to the piping at each junction 18.
Testing step 340 may comprise intermediate steps for operatively coupling AER Module 20 with the plurality of tanks 60 and any support systems, including systems 70, 74, 78, and 80 described above. Each interconnection and system may be tested individually and/or together during step 340, allowing water-based apparatus 10 to be fully commission and substantially ready for use after step 340. Moving step 350 may comprise intermediate steps for moving apparatus 10 in position relative to source 2. For example, because apparatus 10 may not comprise a primary propulsion system, step 350 may comprise attaching apparatus 10 to another water-based apparatus (e.g., a tug boat) and towing apparatus 10.
As shown in
Moving step 410 may comprise intermediate steps for positioning the water-based apparatus relative to source 2, such as mooring apparatus 10 to at-shore anchor 4, and/or engaging one side of apparatus 10 with the walkway structure of anchor 4. Inputting step 420 may comprise intermediate steps for operatively coupling apparatus 10 and source 2, such as: coupling IO port 14 with each of lines 5L, 6L, 7L, and 8L; and establishing communications between apparatus 10, source 2, control room 9 and/or controller 120. Outputting step 430 may comprise intermediate steps for preparing tanks 60 to input the LNG, and outputting step 440 may comprise intermediate steps for preparing source 2 to input the fuel gas.
Method 400 also may comprise additional steps. For example, method 400 may further comprise: outputting fuel gas from apparatus 10 to source 2; generating at least a portion of the electricity with the fuel gas at source 2; outputting the LNG from plurality of LNG storage tanks 60 to LNG transport vessel 8; inputting additional fuel gas from LNG transport vessel 8; and/or any other methods of using apparatus 10 and system 100.
According to the improvements described herein, unprocessed natural gas from at-shore reserves may be delivered to market using water-based apparatus 10. Numerous aspects of apparatus 10 are described, including those described with reference to system 100 and methods 200, 300, and 400. Many of these aspects may be interchangeable, with each combination and/or iteration being part of this disclosure. For example, aspects of closed-loop system 100 and controller 120 may be operable with any type of apparatus 10 utilizing any type of refrigeration technology. As a further example, aspects of methods 200, 300, and 400 may likewise be performed with any variation of apparatus 10 or a similar apparatus.
While principles of the present disclosure are disclosed herein with reference to illustrative aspects of particular applications, the disclosure is not limited thereto. Those having ordinary skill in the art and access to the teachings provided herein will recognize the additional modifications, applications, aspects, and substitution of equivalents may all fall in the scope of the aspects described herein. Accordingly, the present disclosure is not to be considered as limited by the foregoing descriptions.
The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/050,253, filed Oct. 23, 2020, which is a national phase application under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International application No. PCT/CA2018/050662, filed Jun. 1, 2018, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by references herein in their entireties.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 17050253 | Oct 2020 | US |
Child | 18582449 | US |