Patent Grant
7867018
This application is a National Phase Patent Application of International Patent Application Number PCT/EP2006/011736, filed on Nov. 30, 2006, which claims priority of German Utility Model Application Number 20 2005 019 369.0, filed on Dec. 2, 2005.
The invention relates to an apparatus for accommodating and making electrical contact with a luminous means in a spotlight.
DE 198 16 364 C2 has disclosed a spotlight for film, studio and stage lighting and further application areas which has a spotlight housing, which is used for accommodating a luminous element, a transparent cover disk in the form of a protective disk or a lens disk and a reflector. Lights or lamps, preferably discharge lamps with a base at one end, in a vertical or horizontal installed position, i.e. in each case perpendicular to the optical axis, or in an axial installed position, i.e. in the optical axis, are used as luminous means or luminous elements.
The lamps have a gas-filled glass body with electrodes arranged therein, a lamp base, through which the feed lines are guided to the electrodes, and two or more contact pins, which are arranged at that end of the lamp base which is opposite the glass body. The contact pins are inserted into the plug-in sockets of a lampholder, which is connected to the lamp housing, so as to be connected to a voltage source, it being necessary for there to be a tight fit between the plug-type sockets and the contact pins for the high levels of lamp current which need to be transmitted.
At the same time, the contact pins for example of discharge lamps with a base at one end act as fixing means for the discharge lamp. Since with increasing lamp powers the physical size of the discharge lamps and in particular the physical length of the glass body and the lamp base also increase, the lamps with relatively high lamp powers have such a physical size that, in particular in a horizontal installed position of the discharge lamps, considerable forces are exerted on the contact pins, which, in addition to the supply of power, also act as fixing contacts.
These forces result in the contact between the contact pins and the plug-type sockets of the lampholder being impaired, which is associated with increased transfer resistance in the transmission of the lamp current, a displacement of the lamp out of the focal point of the reflector and, as a result of this, reduced luminous efficiency and with the forces being transmitted into the lamp interior, which can result in impermissible voltages and ultimately in failure of the lamp.
The disadvantages associated with the lamp being mounted exclusively via the contact pins do not only take effect in the steady-state range in terms of the physical size of the lamp, however, but in particular also in the dynamic range in the case of transport of a spotlight or its operation with jerky pivoting movements, impacts on the lamp housing and the like.
In order to be able to use a lamp housing for lamps with different lamp base diameters without replacing an accommodating device and to use the contact pins of the lamps exclusively for transmitting the lamp current, in the case of the lamp housing known from DE 198 16 364 C2 the accommodating device comprises clamping jaws, which engage around the lamp base and can be adjusted by means of the adjusting device into an opening position, in which the lamp base is released, and into a locking position, in which the lamp base is fixed. The adjusting device comprises a latch with two sloping faces, which have an identical geometric design and bear against the upper and lower clamping jaws in such a way that, when the latch is adjusted, the clamping jaws are spread radially apart.
During actuation of the adjusting device for the purpose of opening and closing the clamping jaws, at the same time opening and closing of the plug-type sockets which accommodate the contact pins of the luminous means also takes place, with the result that by simultaneously releasing the contact pins in the case of an actuation of the adjusting device for the purpose of opening and closing the clamping jaws the luminous means can be removed easily by the luminous means base being released or a luminous means can be inserted in the opening position of the lamp holding device.
In the case of spotlights with luminous means with a base at one end, the luminous means are plugged through the reflector with the front-side cover of the front side of the spotlight open and are fixedly clamped in the luminous means holder positioned behind said reflector. Only when the luminous means bears centrally and straight against the end stop of the luminous means holder can the clamping apparatus be actuated since otherwise the luminous means holder, the plug-type sockets or the luminous means base and the contact pins would be damaged by breakage, flashovers or corrosion.
With increasing power and therefore increasing physical size of the luminous means, however, there are problems associated with the correct insertion of the luminous means into the luminous means holder of the spotlight. On the one hand, the luminous means needs to be observed from the front when it is inserted into the luminous means holder in order to be able to insert the luminous means straight, i.e. with mutually aligned contact pins of the luminous means and the plug-type sockets of the luminous means holder, while on the other hand the operator needs to firmly hold and center the luminous means with one hand and operate the clamping apparatus with the other hand, and the operating elements of said clamping apparatus are usually found on the side of the spotlight housing. In this case, however, in the case of relatively high spotlight powers with correspondingly large spotlight housings the operator can no longer stand sufficiently far in front of the spotlight in order to be able to at the same time observe the straight insertion of the luminous means and operate the clamping apparatus.
A further problem consists in the fact that, on the one hand, a reflector opening is desired which is relatively favorable in optical terms for the reflection of the light emitted by the luminous means and is therefore as small as possible, but which, on the other hand, makes the visual control when inserting the luminous means into the luminous means holder more difficult since the view of the luminous means holder is impeded, in particular if the luminous means has already been partially inserted into the luminous means holder, with the result that the operator can no longer identify whether the luminous means has been inserted correctly or is skew and consequently the contact pins of the luminous means make contact with the plug-type sockets of the luminous means holder only to an insufficient extent.
A displacement of the clamping apparatus for force-fitting and/or form-fitting clamping-in of the luminous means base toward the front side of the spotlight housing would not result in any substantial improvement of the visual control during the insertion of the luminous means into the luminous means holder since the visual control would in any case be impaired by a narrow reflector opening, with the result that improved visual control would only be possible with an enlarged reflector opening, with the downside of impaired beam reflection and poorer optical properties of the spotlight.
In order to detect a correct fit of a lamp base in a lampholder, it is known from JP 09-185978 A to provide a recess in the lamp base, with a torsion spring arranged on the bottom of said recess, the ends of said torsion spring being bent upward and having engagement projections, which engage in corresponding engagement recesses in the inner wall of the lampholder. If the lamp base is inserted into the lampholder, this results in rotation of the torsion spring and, when the engagement projections engage in the engagement recesses, an acoustic signal is produced.
JP 2000-340316 A has disclosed a device for detecting an insufficient connection between a lamp base of a discharge lamp and a lamp holding device, which connection comprises a connecting cable and a fixing clamp, which can only be connected to the lampholder when the lamp base is completely connected to the lampholder.
DE 296 23 442 U1 has disclosed a lighting device with a radiator which has a base at one end, in which lighting device a connection of the radiator to a holder is ruled out if the radiator is unsuitable. For this purpose, the holder for accommodating the radiator is connected to a sensor element, which receives magnetic or optical pulses, while that part of the base which faces the holder is provided with a marking element, which emits magnetic or optical pulses, which are received by the sensor element once the marking means has been excited by excitation means such that it emits the pulses.
GB 2072958 A has disclosed a discharge lamp whose base is connected to a holder, which contains a device for producing a high voltage from an AC voltage. The holder has a recess at whose end a high-voltage contact is arranged, which is connected to a pin protruding from the base of the discharge lamp. Furthermore, contacts for preheating the cathode and contacts corresponding to a peripheral conductive collar of the lamp base are provided in the recess of the holder, with which contacts a signal applied to the contacts of the holder is short-circuited. The short-circuiting of the contacts signals the correct fit of the lamp base in the holder emitting the high voltage.
These known apparatuses for detecting the correct fit of a lamp base in a lampholder or for preventing the insertion of an unsuitable luminous means into a lampholder have a very complex configuration and require corresponding devices both on the lamp base and on the lampholder, with the result that they are only capable of functioning when the lamp base of the luminous means is provided with the corresponding detection means. The complex configuration of the detection devices also results in increased sensitivity to interference, which results in faulty detections, in particular taking into consideration the high temperatures in the region of the lamp base and the lampholder.
The object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus of the type mentioned at the outset which is designed to be very simple and insensitive to external influences and interference and ensures correct insertion of a luminous means into the luminous means holder of a spotlight even in the case of high spotlight powers and poor visual conditions with at the same time simple and safe handling.
The solution according to the invention ensures, using simple means which are insensitive to external influences and interference, correct insertion of a luminous means into the luminous means holder of a spotlight even in the case of high spotlight powers and under poor visual conditions with at the same time simple and safe handling.
As a result of the continuous detection of the positioning of a luminous means base which is inserted into a luminous means holder, the correct alignment and connection between the luminous means base and the luminous means holder can be checked and if necessary corrected even before the end stop or end fit of the luminous means base in the luminous means holder is reached. Since the insertion of the luminous means base into the luminous means holder activates and actuates the monitoring device, said monitoring device can be configured in a very simple manner and such that it is insensitive to external influences, which is of particular significance for interference-free operation in particular as a result of the high temperatures in the region of the luminous means base and the luminous means holder. In addition, the monitoring device according to the invention provides the precondition for different embodiments of the monitoring device with a respectively corresponding functional principle.
The solution according to the invention is based on the consideration that the integration of a monitoring device in a spotlight does not necessitate visual control from the light-emitting front side of the spotlight, with the result that an operator does not need to maintain a minimum distance from the front side of the spotlight housing when correctly inserting the luminous means into the luminous means holder of the spotlight, but can concentrate on the insertion of the luminous means into the luminous means holder and operation of the clamping apparatus. The monitoring device signals the correct connection between the luminous means base and the luminous means holder and therefore optimum electrical contact between the contact pins and the plug-type sockets.
The monitoring device according to the invention, whilst maintaining the functional principle of detecting the relative position of at least one part of the luminous means base in relation to the luminous means holder when the luminous means base is inserted into the luminous means holder, makes a plurality of exemplary embodiments with different physical basic functions possible.
A first exemplary embodiment comprises an optical position inspection device with at least one inspection opening, which is arranged on a side wall of the spotlight housing and/or a luminous means housing in the region of the luminous means holder and is aligned with at least one opening or cutout of the luminous means holder, the opening or cutout of the luminous means holder being arranged in the contact region of the end side of the luminous means base with the luminous means holder and in particular on the front edge, in the insertion direction of the luminous means, of the luminous means holder.
In this exemplary embodiment of a position detection device in the form of an inspection opening, lateral observation of the luminous means holder and therefore the establishment of a correct connection between the luminous means base and the luminous means holder is made possible without optical visual control from the front side of the spotlight being necessary. In order to ensure a sufficiently large viewing field for checking the correct fit of the luminous means base, in this embodiment a correspondingly large opening needs to be provided in the luminous means holder or in the spotlight housing with resultant problems in terms of the shielding of undesired parasitic light, convection cooling and in terms of the protection of the spotlight against spraywater and jet-water and electrical insulation problems.
In an alternative exemplary embodiment, the optical position detection device contains two inspection openings, which are positioned opposite one another, are arranged on the side walls of the spotlight housing in the region of the luminous means holder and are aligned with mutually opposite openings or cutouts of the luminous means holder.
This exemplary embodiment makes transillumination of the luminous means holder possible via two mutually opposite openings in the luminous means holder and in the spotlight housing, with the result that lateral observation of the luminous means holder and therefore the establishment of a correct connection between the luminous means base and the luminous means holder is likewise made possible without the need for optical visual control of the front side of the spotlight, it being possible for the required cutouts or openings to be kept smaller than in the abovementioned embodiment, with the result that the problems as regards the parasitic light to be avoided, the influencing of the convection cooling, the restriction of the protection against spraywater and jet-water and as regards electrical insulation problems are reduced.
A further exemplary variant of an optical position detection device is characterized by at least one fiberoptic conductor, which is connected to one of two mutually opposite openings in the luminous means holder and to a control element, with the result that light can be supplied into the area to be observed via an opening and the light injected into the area to be observed is guided via the fiberoptic conductor to the control element or, in the case of a luminous means base which has been inserted completely into the luminous means holder, for example, the supply of light to the control element is interrupted.
Furthermore, the opening opposite the one fiberoptic conductor can also be connected to a fiberoptic conductor which supplies light to the contact region, with the result that the supply of light to the area to be observed also takes place via a fiberoptic conductor.
Exemplary, the two mutually opposite openings are arranged in the luminous means holder in the contact region of the end side of the luminous means base with the luminous means holder.
In this exemplary variant of an optical position detection device, the optical visual control by the operator is replaced by a simple optical display, in which, when the luminous means base has been correctly inserted as far as the stop of the luminous means holder, the optical display darkens and thus signals to the operator the correct fit of the luminous means base. The optical display can if required be replaced or supplemented by an electrical signal device by an optoacoustic transducer being used or added. In this variant of an optical position detection device, however, additional optical and electronic components are required.
As a result of the fact that the opening or cutout supplying light to the contact region or the fiberoptic conductor supplying light to the contact region is connected to a light-injecting opening or optical element at a favorable point on the outer side of the spotlight housing, the required light for illuminating the connection region can be injected between the luminous means base and the luminous means holder.
As an exemplary alternative, the opening or cutout supplying light to the contact region or the light-supplying fiberoptic conductor can be connected to an auxiliary lamp for illuminating or transilluminating the area to be observed in the luminous means holder, with the result that the auxiliary lamp is used to inject light into the fiberoptic conductor, which illuminates the region in question of the luminous means holder even without any external light, i.e. even when there is complete darkness, and therefore ensures optical or acoustic checking of the correct fit of the luminous means base.
As an exemplary alternative, the control element may comprise a viewing opening or viewing optical element arranged on the spotlight housing or an optoelectronic transducer which is connected to the spotlight housing and an optical and/or acoustic signal device, and the fiberoptic conductors can be in the form of glass or glass-ceramic fiberoptic conductors.
Instead of an optical position detection device, a mechanical position detection device with a mechanical sensor, which is inserted into the luminous means holder and is connected to a display device, can be provided.
This exemplary embodiment uses simple mechanical means to enable a display for checking the correct fit of a luminous means in a luminous means holder without it being necessary for the operator to be standing in front of the spotlight when inserting the luminous means. At the same time the mechanical position detection device, in particular in conjunction with a mechanical display device, ensures checking of the correct fit of the luminous means in the luminous means holder even in the case of very poor visual conditions as early as during the insertion of the luminous means base into the luminous means holder.
Exemplary, the sensor comprises a feeler, which protrudes into the luminous means holder and can be displaced when the luminous means base is inserted and is connected to an indicator lever.
In this exemplary embodiment, the correct fit of the luminous means in the luminous means holder is no longer checked merely optically by means of a visual control, but can take place by means of merely detecting the position of the indicator lever as early as during the insertion of the luminous means base into the luminous means holder, with the result that the checking of the correct fit can also take place in darkness or under very poor visual conditions. At the same time, this embodiment is characterized by its simple mechanism with high reliability.
Exemplary, the feeler is guided toward that end of the luminous means holder which is opposite the insertion opening of the luminous means holder and bears against a first lever arm of the rotatably mounted and spring-loaded indicator lever, whose second lever arm is guided through an opening of a holder mount which accommodates the luminous means holder and/or of the luminous means housing.
The second lever arm acting as the pointer is preferably longer than the first lever arm which makes contact with the feeler, as a result of which a greater deflection of the first lever arm acting as the pointer is ensured so as to improve the accuracy of the display.
In order to display the correct fit of the luminous means base in the luminous means holder, in a first embodiment the second lever arm of the indicator lever can be arranged in a molded part of the holder mount or the luminous means housing, which molded part has a marking which is correlated with the displacement of the feeler when the luminous means base is inserted into the luminous means holder. In this embodiment, the marking can comprise an end stop of a cutout, which accommodates the second lever arm of the indicator lever.
As an exemplary alternative, the marking can comprise a tab which corresponds to the contour of the end of the indicator lever and is aligned with the direction of the deflection of the indicator lever when the luminous means base is completely inserted into the luminous means holder.
In order to ensure that the luminous means base comes into contact with the feeler, that end of the feeler which protrudes into the insertion opening of the luminous means holder is designed in such a way that, when the luminous means base is inserted into the luminous means holder, it stops against part of a luminous means holder, the area of that end of the feeler which protrudes into the insertion opening of the luminous means holder being greater than the diameter of the feeler.
In a exemplary specific embodiment, the feeler has a hook-shaped or mushroom-shaped projection, which protrudes into the insertion opening of the luminous means holder and can be displaced into a cutout of the luminous means holder when the luminous means base is inserted into the luminous means holder, and is made from ceramic, glass ceramic or glass.
In a further exemplary alternative embodiment, the feeler comprises a ceramic lever, which is mounted in freely floating fashion in the luminous means housing and/or the luminous means holder and is guided in at least one cutout of the luminous means housing and/or the luminous means holder, which ceramic lever is connected to an indicator lever, which is arranged outside the luminous means housing and/or the luminous means holder.
This particularly simple embodiment is resistant to high temperatures and ensures correct operation even under extreme external conditions since no canting occurs as a result of the freely floating mounting of the ceramic lever, with the result that the ceramic lever is adjusted by the luminous means base when the luminous means is inserted and the indicator lever, which protrudes out of the luminous means holder and is connected to the ceramic lever, indicates the respective relative position of the luminous means base in relation to the luminous means holder even without any visual contact.
These features of a mechanical position detection device firstly ensure that the insulating effect of the luminous means holder is maintained and is not impaired by the leakage paths and air gaps which are necessary since that part of the mechanism of the mechanical position detection device which is in the region at risk is made from a high-temperature insulator, and secondly a large indicator lever can be used, by means of which the correct fit of the luminous means base in the luminous means holder can be indicated extremely precisely and, if necessary, can also be coupled to additional signaling devices, which indicate the correct fit reliably and reproducibly.
The features according to the invention and the advantages of the apparatus according to the invention are illustrated and explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures, in which:
The luminous means housing 5 contains a luminous means holder 7 with plug-type sockets for the supply of power, into which plug-type sockets the contact pins of the luminous means 4 are inserted, which luminous means 4 has an elongate, gas-filled glass body 41 and a luminous means base 42 with the contact pins.
In order to reduce or eliminate the forces acting on the contact pins as a result of the length of the glass body 41 and its weight and the weight of the luminous means base 42 on the contact pins of the luminous means, which forces are transmitted to the luminous means interior and there result in impermissible voltages and failure of the luminous means and can impair the electrical contact between the contact pins and the plug-type sockets 81, 82 of the luminous means holder 7, and in order to improve the holding and clamping of the luminous means 4, a clamping apparatus 6 with two clamping jaws 61, 62 is provided, which clamping jaws surround the luminous means base axially with respect to one another at a distance and clamp it in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner. The upper clamping jaw 61 and the lower clamping jaw 62 are each connected to two lever arms, which are connected to one another at their ends opposite the clamping jaws 61, 62 via transverse webs and bear flat against the luminous means holder 7. Connecting rods are provided parallel to the transverse webs between the lever arms of the upper and lower clamping jaws 61, 62, which connecting rods are connected to the holder mount 5 via spring-elastic supports.
As a result of the sprung mounting of the lever arms and therefore of the clamping jaws 61, 62, in the event of a movement of the luminous means 4 brought about, for example, by impacts, the accommodating apparatus moves along in the same plane, with the result that the contact pins remain free of stresses. As a result of a likewise elastic support of the luminous means holder 7 via spring-mounting with respect to the holder mount 5, it is ensured that no forces are transmitted to the contact pins of the luminous means 4, with the result that the contact pins are used exclusively for transmitting the electrical power.
An adjusting device 63 with an adjusting element acting on the lever arms and an actuating element for manually actuating the adjusting device 63 is used for adjusting the clamping jaws 61, 62 from an opening position, in which the luminous means base 42 is released for removal of the luminous means 4, into a closing and/or locking position, in which the clamping jaws 61, 62 clamp in the luminous means base 42 and fix the luminous means 4 in its position.
In order to insert or replace a luminous means, the clamping jaws 61, 62 are opened by means of the adjusting device 63 and the luminous means 4 is inserted through the trapezoidal opening of the clamping jaws 61, 62, which are separated from one another from the front side of the spotlight, with its luminous means base 42 into the luminous means holder 7 and in the process the contact pins of the luminous means 4 are inserted into the plug-type sockets 81, 82 of the luminous means holder 7. However, only when the luminous means base 42 has been inserted into the luminous means holder 7 straight is firstly a central arrangement of the luminous means 4 in the luminous means holder 7 between the clamping jaws 61, 62 of the clamping apparatus 6 and secondly optimum electrical contact between the contact pins of the luminous means 4 and the plug-type sockets 81, 82 of the luminous means holder 7 ensured so as to avoid damage as a result of breakage, electrical flashovers or contact corrosion.
In order to ensure a correct fit of the luminous means 4 and therefore optimum alignment of the luminous means base 42 with respect to the luminous means holder 7, a monitoring device is provided in accordance with the invention which can be designed, corresponding to the schematic/perspective illustrations in
Since this inspection opening in the luminous means or spotlight housing which is large enough to ensure a sufficient viewing field for controlling the connection of the luminous means base to the luminous means holder is problematic in terms of the parasitic light occurring, the ingress of spraywater, the influencing of the convection cooling and the electrical insulation of the live parts of the luminous means and the luminous means holder, as an alternative
The two cutouts or openings 10, 11 are arranged in the side walls of the luminous means holder 7 and the luminous means housing 5, respectively, with the result that, when the luminous means 4 is inserted into the luminous means holder 7, lateral viewing is sufficient in which the cutout or opening 10 or 11, which is arranged on the side opposite the viewer, is used for the supply of light and the cutout or opening 11 or 10 which faces the viewer is used as the control opening or control cutout. The light path formed between the cutouts or openings 10, 11 forms an optical positioning device in the manner of a light barrier which is interrupted in the event of correct insertion of the luminous means 4 into the luminous means holder 7 and as a result indicates the correct fit of the luminous means base 42 in the luminous means holder 7 to the operator and therefore gives the operator a control option as early as when the luminous means 4 is positioned onto the luminous means holder 7.
Since in this embodiment as well, despite the cross section of the cutouts or openings 10, 11 which is markedly reduced in comparison with the inspection opening 9 in the embodiment shown in
These problems are eliminated in the embodiment of an optical positioning device illustrated in
The fiberoptic conductor 12 or 13 which is not used for injecting the light is connected to an opening or an optical element in the spotlight housing or to an optoelectrical transducer or an acoustic signal device, as for example an optoelectrical transducer or acoustic signal 112 device in the case where fiberoptic conductor 12 is not used for injecting light and allows for a direct visual control by the operator or acoustic and/or optical signaling when the luminous means 4 is correctly or incorrectly inserted into the luminous means holder 7. When the luminous means 4 is correctly inserted into the luminous means holder 7, no light is output via the fiberoptic conductor 12 or 13 which is not used for the light injection, with the result that the clamping apparatus 6 shown in
The embodiment illustrated in
The mechanical position detection device, as shown in the schematic/perspective illustration in
When a luminous means is inserted into the luminous means holder 7, the feeler 21 is displaced in the insertion direction A into a cutout 72 in the chamber 71 of the luminous means holder 7 and at the same time deflects the indicator lever 22 counter to the effect of the spring 24 in the direction of the arrow B indicated on the indicator lever 22. In the case of a correct fit of the luminous means in the luminous means holder 7, the indicator lever 22 bears against an end stop 52 of the cutout 51 or coincides with a marking which is integrally formed on the luminous means housing 5 and signals to the operator the correct fit of the luminous means or the luminous means base in the luminous means holder 7. The marking 54 which is integrally formed on the luminous means housing 5 preferably comprises a tab 53, which corresponds to the contour of the end of the indicator lever 22 and is aligned with the direction of the deflection of the indicator lever 22 when the luminous means base and therefore the luminous means is inserted completely into the luminous means holder 7, with the result that both a deviation from and reaching of the correct fit of the luminous means in the luminous means holder 7 can be detected without any visual control.
In the embodiment illustrated in
As a result of the lever transmission of the indicator lever 22, whose first lever arm 221 is substantially shorter than the second lever arm 222, the longitudinal displacement of the feeler 21 with a large transmission results in a precise stop of the luminous means in the luminous means holder 7 being indicated.
In a further-reaching embodiment, the mechanical position detection device illustrated in
The second embodiment illustrated in
The solution according to the invention can additionally be associated with an electrical signal device with, for example, an inductive-electronic, capacitive-electronic or resistive-electronic transducer, which signal device closes a monitoring path when the luminous means holder is correctly inserted into the luminous means holder and emits a signal for further evaluation to an optical or acoustic display or for example to a device for blocking a clamping device, which can be connected in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner to the luminous means base, and/or a device for interrupting the power supply to the plug-type sockets of the luminous means holder when there is no fit of the luminous means in the luminous means holder.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 2005 019 369 U | Dec 2005 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2006/011736 | 11/30/2006 | WO | 00 | 7/22/2008 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007/062878 | 6/7/2007 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2213649 | Goodwin | Sep 1940 | A |
| 2774048 | Baenziger | Dec 1956 | A |
| 2915621 | Garland | Dec 1959 | A |
| 3924914 | Banner | Dec 1975 | A |
| 4000403 | Rice | Dec 1976 | A |
| 4118690 | Paynton | Oct 1978 | A |
| 4723200 | Troen | Feb 1988 | A |
| 5380214 | Ortega, Jr. | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5814927 | Chen | Sep 1998 | A |
| 6060987 | Marlia | May 2000 | A |
| 20050107033 | Kates | May 2005 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 296 23 442 | Jul 1998 | DE |
| 198 16 364 | Oct 1999 | DE |
| 20 2005 011 416 | Nov 2005 | DE |
| 0 586 308 | Mar 1994 | EP |
| 0 822 626 | Feb 1998 | EP |
| 2 072 958 | Oct 1981 | GB |
| 09-185978 | Jul 1997 | JP |
| 09185978 | Jul 1997 | JP |
| 2000-340316 | Dec 2000 | JP |
| 2000340316 | Dec 2000 | JP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20090170370 A1 | Jul 2009 | US |
