Patent Application
20240286236
The present invention relates to an apparatus for clamping workpieces on machine tools.
As is well known, in large-scale production of mechanical workpieces that require machining at the machine tool, the use is widespread of highly automated systems wherein an anthropomorphic robot brings the parts to be machined to a machine tool, where special apparatuses, of the hydraulic or pneumatic type, take over the workpiece and clamp it in place to allow the machining thereof.
When the machining is finished, the aforementioned apparatuses release the machined workpiece, which is moved away once again by means of the robot.
The clamping apparatuses of traditional type are generally provided with one or more movable brackets driven by one or more hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders capable of exerting even very large clamping forces on the workpiece being machined.
This need is particularly felt, e.g. in the automotive industry, wherein the continuing need to optimize the production cycles has led to the use of tools operating at very high speeds, unloading very large forces and vibrations onto the workpiece which must be offset by the fastening systems.
Still in the automotive sector, moreover, the use is becoming increasingly common of particularly lightweight materials such as aluminum, which, however, during machining on the machine tool are unable to ensure the same strength as materials such as cast iron and steel.
Therefore, it is necessary that the clamping apparatuses, in addition to exerting a very high force, rest on the workpiece at predetermined points, with great precision and in a repeatable manner whenever a new workpiece to be machined is mounted on the machine tool; otherwise, in fact, the great force exerted by the clamping apparatus can cause the workpieces to deform, which jeopardizes the quality of machining and the risk of obtaining out-of-tolerance workpieces.
In such automated systems, the level of operational reliability of the individual components, including the apparatuses for clamping workpieces, is usually very high.
Nonetheless, it sometimes happens that the mechanical workpieces to be machined are not placed correctly and accurately and the clamping apparatuses fail to perfectly immobilize the workpiece (or do so but in the wrong position), risking compromising the entire machining operation and damaging the workpiece and/or machining tools and/or clamping apparatuses.
In this context, the fact is emphasized that, in highly automated systems, any malfunction that causes the stoppage of machining easily turns into a loss of production or, even worse, damage to the systems, with a consequent economic damage of non-negligible magnitude.
All of the above critical issues and requirements gain even greater importance in the case of clamping apparatuses having two clamping brackets operated by an individual hydraulic/pneumatic cylinder.
In fact, in this particular type of apparatus, the rod of the hydraulic/pneumatic cylinder ends up in a drive assembly which is connected to the brackets and which, in actual facts, transfers the motion of the rod to both clamping brackets.
The drive assembly and the cylinder rod are rigidly connected, and the motion of the rod causes the simultaneous and synchronous displacement of the brackets and their simultaneous approach to and departure from the workpiece being machined.
It should be noted, however, that the workpiece being machined almost always has very small dimensional differences due to design tolerances and, therefore, it may happen that one bracket makes contact with the workpiece before the other. In this case, the clamping force discharges disadvantageously to a greater extent (in some cases completely) on the bracket that first contacts the workpiece and to a lesser extent (in some cases not at all) on the other bracket; when the first bracket contacts the workpiece, in fact, its motion stops, thus interrupting the movement of the hydraulic/pneumatic cylinder's rod and of the other bracket.
The clamping of the workpiece is therefore not optimal, as the clamping force generated by the hydraulic/pneumatic cylinder is unevenly distributed over the various brackets.
It is easy to appreciate, therefore, how these particular apparatuses for clamping are susceptible to refinements aimed at improving their ability to immobilize the workpiece being machined which, as mentioned above, is crucial in order to ensure the proper execution of the entire machining operation without risk of damage to the workpiece and/or equipment.
The main aim of the present invention is to devise an apparatus for clamping workpieces on machine tools which enables the aforementioned upgrading to be achieved and the workpieces to be immobilized in an extremely practical and safe manner.
An additional object of the present invention is to devise an apparatus for clamping workpieces on machine tools with high reliability and precision of operation.
Not the least object of the present invention is to devise an apparatus for clamping workpieces on machine tools which allows avoiding unwanted malfunction and damage to the workpiece being machined and/or to the tools of the machine tool and/or to the workpiece movement robot and/or to the clamping apparatus itself. Another object of the present invention is to devise an apparatus for clamping workpieces on machine tools which allows the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art to be overcome within the framework of a simple, rational, easy-to-use and cost-effective solution.
The aforementioned objects are achieved by this apparatus for clamping workpieces on machine tools having the characteristics of claim 1.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description of a preferred, but not exclusive, embodiment of an apparatus for clamping workpieces on machine tools, illustrated by way of an indicative, yet non-limiting example, in the accompanying tables of drawings in which:
With particular reference to these figures, reference numeral 1 globally indicates an apparatus for clamping workpieces on machine tools.
The apparatus 1, in particular, is intended to clamp one or more workpieces P after these have been placed on a worktop L of a machine tool M and before mechanical machining begins.
It is emphasized that the machine tool M is provided with a plurality of apparatuses 1, which are arranged in appropriate positions and quantities according to the conformation of the workpieces P and to the type of machining operations to be performed.
In the figures and in the remainder of this disclosure, reference will be made for simplicity sake to a single apparatus 1 clamping an individual workpiece P, unless otherwise stated.
The apparatus 1 comprises:
In the particular embodiment shown in the figures, the basic frame 2 of the apparatus 1 is arranged so that the direction of sliding A of the movable portion 6 appears to be substantially vertical, with the workpiece P being arranged above the worktop L and having an upward-facing surface on which the clamping assemblies 3, 4 rest in the clamping position.
For simplicity of exposition, in the remainder of this disclosure, reference will be made to the arrangement of the apparatus 1 shown in the figures, and, therefore, terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “above”, “below”, “to lift”, “to lower” and others related to them will be understood with reference to what is shown in the figures.
It is easy to appreciate, however, that the apparatus 1 can be attached to the machine tool M with the direction of sliding A oriented differently (e.g. horizontally or obliquely), depending on how the workpiece P to be clamped is shaped and arranged.
The direction of sliding A is actually defined by the orientation of the fluid actuator 5, 6.
The fluid actuator 5, 6, e.g., comprises a cylinder 11, defining the fixed portion 5, and a rod 12, defining the movable portion 6.
The cylinder 11 of the fluid actuator 5, 6 is locked together with the basic frame 2 and, inside it, the chamber 8 is defined which can be fed with the pressurized fluid.
In the context of the present disclosure, a pressurized fluid is defined as any fluid in a liquid (and therefore ideally incompressible) or gaseous (and therefore compressible) state used as a carrier medium for the transport of energy in a hydraulic or pneumatic circuit; preferably the pressurized fluid consists of a traditional synthetic oil but alternative embodiments cannot be ruled out wherein it may be mineral oil, vegetable oil, water, air or the like.
Since the apparatus 1 has several parts in contact with the pressurized fluid, special seals are arranged at different points of the apparatus 1, which, for simplicity of representation, have been commonly identified by reference numeral 13.
To allow the movable portion 6 to displace along the direction of sliding A, the rod 12 comprises one end arranged inside the cylinder 11, which is provided with a plunger 14 sliding along the chamber 8 and on which the pressurized fluid operates, and with a free end 15 arranged outside the cylinder 11, which is connected to the rocker element 9 as will be described in more detail later in the present disclosure.
The clamping assemblies 3, 4 are arranged on the basic frame 2 on opposite sides with respect to the fluid actuator 5, 6.
In more detail, the fluid actuator 5, 6 is arranged so as to occupy a central part of the basic frame 2 while the clamping assemblies 3, 4 are arranged on opposite side parts of the basic frame 2 and with the fluid actuator 5, 6 in between.
The first clamping assembly 3 comprises:
Preferably, the first clamping assembly 3 comprises two first connecting rods 16 arranged on opposite sides of the first bracket 17, so as to ensure more stable movement.
The hinging between the first connecting rods 16 and the basic frame 2 around the first axis of tilting B is defined by a series of first tilting holes 18, drilled in the first connecting rods 16 and in the basic frame 2, and by a first tilting pin 19, inserted in the first tilting holes 18 aligned with each other.
The hinging between the first connecting rods 16 and the first bracket 17 around the first axis of rotation C, on the other hand, is defined by a series of first rotational holes 20, drilled in the first connecting rods 16 and in the first bracket 17, and by a first rotational pin 21, inserted in the first rotational holes 20 aligned with each other.
The first axis of tilting B and the first axis of rotation C are substantially parallel to each other and orthogonal to the direction of sliding A.
Similarly, the second clamping assembly 4 comprises:
The second clamping assembly 4 also preferably comprises two second connecting rods 22 arranged on opposite sides of the second bracket 23, so as to ensure more stable movement.
The hinging between the second connecting rods 22 and the basic frame 2 around the second axis D is defined by a series of second tilting holes 24, drilled in the second connecting rods 22 and in the basic frame 2, and by a second tilting pin 25, inserted into the second tilting holes 24 aligned with each other.
The hinging between the second connecting rods 22 and the second bracket 23 around the second axis of rotation E, on the other hand, is defined by a series of second rotational holes 26, drilled in the second connecting rods 22 and in the second bracket 23, and by a second tilting pin 27, inserted in the second rotational holes 26 aligned with each other.
The second axis of tilting D and the second axis of rotation E are substantially parallel to each other and orthogonal to the direction of sliding A.
In more detail, the second axis of tilting D and the second axis of rotation E are substantially parallel to the first axis of tilting B and to the first axis of rotation C.
Conveniently, the rocker element 9 is hinged to the first clamping assembly 3 and to the second clamping assembly 4 around axes of hinging F substantially parallel to each other and orthogonal to the direction of sliding A.
In more detail, the axes of hinging F are also substantially parallel to the axes of tilting B, D and to the axes of rotation C, E.
The hinging between the rocker element 9 and the clamping assemblies 3, 4 around the second axis of rotation E is defined by a set of hinging holes 28, drilled in the rocker element 9 and in the brackets 17, 23, and by a pair of hinging pins 29, inserted into the hinging holes 28 aligned with each other.
Advantageously, the rocker element 9 has a substantially elongated conformation, with two ending, opposite portions, which are hinged to the brackets 17, 23, and a central portion, which is connected to the movable portion 6 and is intended to be set in contact with the curved thrust surface 10.
In this regard, the fact is emphasized that the curved thrust surface 10 has a substantially cylindrical conformation, that is, it defines a portion of a cylinder with an axis of curvature G.
In this regard, the fact is emphasized that, in the context of this disclosure, by axis of curvature G is meant the central axis of the cylinder defined by the curved thrust surface 10.
Conveniently, the axis of curvature G is substantially parallel to the axes of hinging F.
In actual facts, the axes of tilting B, D, the axes of rotation C, E, the axes of hinging F and the axis of curvature G are all substantially parallel to each other and orthogonal to the direction of sliding A.
In this way, the rocker element 9 can rotate on the curved thrust surface 10 during the clamping stroke and allow the brackets 17, 23 to adapt to the actual shape and size of the workpiece P, as will be better described later on.
The rocker element 9 is associated with clearance with the movable portion 6, which comprises at least one recovery surface 30 arranged in thrust contact against the rocker element 9 during the release stroke.
The recovery surface 30 is defined by at least one connecting seat 31 formed in the movable portion 6, the rocker element 9 comprising at least one connecting pin 32 fitted with clearance in the connecting seat 31.
In other words, the connecting seat 31 is substantially larger in size than the connecting pin 32; for example, the connecting seat 31 and the connecting pin 32 may be substantially cylindrically shaped, with the radius of the connecting seat 31 being larger than the radius of the connecting pin 32 by a difference W comprised between 0.05 and 0.5 mm (i.e. clearance of 0.1-1 mm), preferably comprised between 0.2 and 0.3 mm (i.e. clearance of 0.4-0.6 mm), better still 0.25 mm (i.e. clearance of 0.5 mm).
In this way, during the clamping stroke, the curved thrust surface 10 contacts the rocker element 9 while the connecting pin 32 does not work.
Conversely, during the release stroke, the curved thrust surface 10 detaches from the rocker element 9 while the connecting seat 31 contacts the connecting pin 32 and drags it until the release position is reached.
It can be seen, in actual facts, that the particular shape of the curved thrust surface 10 and of the recovery surface 30 allows the curved thrust surface 10 to contact the rocker element 9 only during the clamping stroke, while it allows the recovery surface 30 to contact the rocker element 9 only during the release stroke.
It is also noted that, during the clamping stroke, the force transmitted by the fluid actuator 5, 6 must be significantly greater than the force transmitted during the release stroke.
In the clamping position, in fact, the fluid actuator 5, 6 must transmit to the rocker element 9, to the brackets 17, 23 and to the workpiece P a force capable of clamping the workpiece on the machine tool M which, on the contrary, is not the case in the release position; this means that the connecting pin 32, which transmits the force from the fluid actuator 5, 6 to the rocker element 9 during the release stroke, is subjected to extremely small shear forces and can therefore advantageously have very limited dimensions without the risk of unexpected breakage.
In the particular embodiment shown in the figures, the free end 15 of the rod 12 is shaped as a fork and comprises two opposite small arms 33 between which the rocker element 9 is housed.
The curved thrust surface 10 is obtained at the base of the two small arms 33 in the space defined between them.
The recovery surface 30 is, on the other hand, obtained on the two small arms 33 and defined by two connecting seats 31 running through each small arm 33 from side to side.
The connecting pin 32 is fitted to size in a cavity 34 obtained through the rocker element 9 and is clamped inside it by one or more clamping dowels 35; the length of the connecting pin 32 is greater than the length of the cavity 34, so the connecting pin 32 protrudes from both sides of the cavity 34 and fits into both connecting seats 31 obtained on the small arms 33 and arranged in alignment with the cavity 34.
As mentioned above, thanks to the curved thrust surface 10, the rocker element 9 can adapt to the actual shapes and sizes of the workpiece P; in actual facts, in the clamping position, the first clamping assembly 3, the second clamping assembly 4 and the rocker element 9 can be placed in different positions to each other depending on what is the actual shape of the workpiece P, even net of the relevant dimensional tolerances.
In this regard, it is emphasized that the first clamping assembly 3, the second clamping assembly 4 and the rocker element 9 are configured to be arranged in an ideal clamping position wherein:
The ideal clamping position is shown in
It is easy to appreciate, however, that the special expedient of providing a curved thrust surface 10 insisting on a rotatable rocker element 9 enables the apparatus 1 to operate effectively even when the workpiece P has shapes and sizes other than the nominal ones.
This circumstance is also particularly advantageous when the apparatus 1 is used to clamp two different workpieces P, with the first bracket 17 resting on one workpiece P and the second bracket 23 resting on a different workpiece P.
It has in practice been ascertained that the described invention achieves the intended objects, and in particular the fact is emphasized that the apparatus according to the invention makes it possible to immobilize the workpieces being machined in an extremely practical, safe, reliable and precise manner, even under different operating conditions.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102021000017555 | Jul 2021 | IT | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2022/055868 | 6/24/2022 | WO |
