Patent Application
20080302373
1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention relate to apparatuses and methods for manufacturing filter rods and smoking articles incorporating such filter rods, and, more particularly, to apparatuses and methods for inserting multiple objects into a filter rod for a smoking article, such as a cigarette.
2. Description of Related Art
Popular smoking articles, such as cigarettes, have a substantially cylindrical rod shaped structure and include a charge, roll or column of smokable material such as shredded tobacco (e.g., in cut filler form) surrounded by a paper wrapper thereby forming a so-called “smokable rod” or “tobacco rod.” Normally, a cigarette has a cylindrical filter element aligned in an end-to-end relationship with the tobacco rod. Typically, a filter element comprises cellulose acetate tow plasticized using triacetin, and the tow is circumscribed by a paper material known as “plug wrap.” A cigarette can incorporate a filter element having multiple segments, and one of those segments can comprise activated charcoal particles. Typically, the filter element is attached to one end of the tobacco rod using a circumscribing wrapping material known as “tipping paper.” It also has become desirable to perforate the tipping material and plug wrap, in order to provide dilution of drawn mainstream smoke with ambient air. Descriptions of cigarettes and the various components thereof are set forth Tobacco Production, Chemistry and Technology, Davis et al. (Eds.) (1999). A cigarette is employed by a smoker by lighting one end thereof and burning the tobacco rod. The smoker then receives mainstream smoke into his/her mouth by drawing on the opposite end (e.g., the filter end) of the cigarette.
The sensory attributes of cigarette smoke can be enhanced by applying additives to tobacco and/or by otherwise incorporating flavoring materials into various components of a cigarette. See, Leffingwell et al., Tobacco Flavoring for Smoking Products, R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (1972). For example, one type of tobacco flavoring additive is menthol. See, Borschke, Rec. Adv. Tob. Sci., 19, p. 47-70, 1993. Various proposed methods for modifying the sensory attributes of cigarettes have involved suggestion that filter elements may be used as vehicles for adding flavor to the mainstream smoke of those cigarettes. US Pat. Appl. Pub. No. 2002/0166563 to Jupe et al. proposes the placement of adsorbent and flavor-releasing materials in a cigarette filter. US Pat. Appl. Pub. No. 2002/0020420 to Xue et al. proposes the placement of fibers containing small particle size adsorbents/absorbents in the filter. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,941,486 to Dube et al. and 4,862,905 to Green, Jr. et al. propose the placement of a flavor-containing pellet in a cigarette filter. Other representative types of cigarette filters incorporating flavoring agents are set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,972,335 to Tiggelbeck et al.; 4,082,098 to Owens, Jr.; 4,281,671 to Byrne; 4,729,391 to Woods et al.; and 5,012,829 to Thesing et al.
Cigarettes having adjustable filter elements that allow smokers to select the level of flavor that is available for transfer into mainstream smoke have been proposed. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,677,995 to Kallianos et al. and 4,848,375 to Patron et al. Some proposed cigarettes may be manipulated, reportedly for the purpose of providing components of their filter elements with the propensity to modify the nature or character of mainstream smoke. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,297,038 to Homburger; 3,339,557 to Karalus; 3,420,242 to Boukar; 3,508,558 to Seyburn; 3,513,859 to Carty; 3,596,665 to Kindgard; 3,669,128 to Cohen; and 4,126,141 to Grossman.
Some proposed cigarettes have a hollow object positioned in their filter element, and the contents of that object is reportedly released into the filter element upon rupture of the object in the attempt to alter the nature or character of the mainstream smoke passing through the filter element. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,339,558 to Waterbury; 3,366,121 to Carty; 3,390,686 to Irby, Jr. et al.; 3,428,049 to Leake; 3,547,130 to Harlow et al; 3,575,1809 to Carty; 3,602,231 to Dock; 3,625,228 to Dock; 3,635,226 to Horsewell et al.; 3,685,521 to Dock; 3,916,914 to Brooks et al.; 3,991,773 to Walker; and 4,889,144 to Tateno et al.; US Pat. Application Pub. Nos. 2004/0261807 to Dube et al; and 2005/0070409 to Deal; US Pat. Application Pub. Nos. 2007/0095357 to Besso et al.; 20070012327 to Karles et al.; 2006/0174901 to Karles et al.; 2006/0144412 to Mishra et al.; 2006/0112964 to Jupe et al.; and PCT WO 03/009711 to Kim and WO 2007/060543 to Besso et al. Some proposed cigarettes may also have a capsule positioned in the filter element, and the contents of that capsule reportedly released into the filter element upon rupture of the capsule in order to deodorize the filter element after the cigarette is extinguished. See, for example, US Pat. Appl. Pub. No. 2003/0098033 to MacAdam et al.
Commercially marketed “Rivage” brand cigarettes have included a filter possessing a cylindrical plastic container containing water or a liquid flavor solution. Cigarettes representative of the “Rivage” brand cigarettes are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,865,056 to Tamaoki et al. and 5,331,981 to Tamaoki et al., both of which are assigned to Japan Tobacco, Inc. The cylindrical casing within the filter reportedly may be deformed upon the application of external force, and a thin wall portion of the casing is consequently broken so as to permit release of the liquid within the casing into an adjacent portion of that filter.
A cigarette holder has been available under the brand name “Aquafilter.” Cigarette holders representative of the “Aquafilter” brand product are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,797,644 to Shaw; 4,003,387 to Goldstein; and 4,046,153 to Kaye; assigned to Aquafilter Corporation. Those patents propose a disposable cigarette holder into which the mouth end of a cigarette is inserted. Smoke from the cigarette that is drawn through the holder reportedly passes through filter material impregnated with water. A disposable filter adapted to be attachable to the mouth end of a cigarette has been proposed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,724,997 to Smith et al. A flavor-containing capsule contained within the disposable filter reportedly may be squeezed in order to release the flavor within the capsule.
Some smokers might desire a cigarette that is capable of providing, in some instances, selectively, a variety of different flavors, depending upon the smoker's immediate desire. The flavor of such a cigarette might be selected based on the smoker's desire for a particular flavor at that time, or a desire to change flavors during the smoking experience. For example, changing flavors during the smoking experience may enable a smoker to end the cigarette with a breath freshening flavor, such as menthol or spearmint. Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide a cigarette that is capable of providing distinctive, different pleasurable sensory experiences, for a smoker.
Some smokers might also desire a cigarette that is capable of releasing a deodorizing agent upon completion of a smoking experience. Such agents may be used to ensure that the remaining portion of a smoked cigarette yields a pleasant aroma after the smoker has finished smoking that cigarette. Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a cigarette that is capable of releasing a deodorizing agent, as desired by the smoker.
Some smokers might desire a cigarette that is capable of moistening, cooling, or otherwise modifying the nature or character of the mainstream smoke generated by that cigarette. Because certain agents that can be used to interact with smoke are volatile and have the propensity to evaporate over time, the effects of those agents upon the behavior of those cigarettes may require introduction of those agents near commencement of the smoking experience. Accordingly, is desirable to provide a cigarette that is capable of moistening, smoothing or cooling the smoke delivered to a smoker, for that smoker.
It would be highly desirable to provide a smoker with the ability to enhance a sensory aspect of his/her smoking experience, and the extent or magnitude of that sensory experience, such as can be accomplished by allowing the smoker to purposefully select a cigarette having certain characteristics or behaviors and, in some instances, by allowing the smoker to determine the magnitude or extent of such characteristics or behaviors that the cigarette exhibits and/or the source thereof. That is, it would be desirable to provide a cigarette possessing components that can be employed so as to allow the smoker to select a cigarette based on an indicated character or nature and, in some instances, allow the smoker to control, whether selectively or not, the nature or character of the mainstream smoke produced by that cigarette, and the source from which it is obtained. In particular, it would be desirable to provide a cigarette that is capable of enhancing the sensory attributes, and the extent or magnitude of such attributes, of the mainstream smoke (e.g., by flavoring that smoke). More particularly, it would be desirable to provide the means to manufacture such cigarettes incorporating such flavor agents and sources, and the like, in a rapid, highly-automated fashion. It also would be desirable to provide improved means to incorporate smoke-altering solid objects such as flavor pellets, flavor capsules, flavored or non-flavored strands, exchange resin beads, adsorbent/absorbent particles, or possibly various combinations thereof, into cigarette filters, in a rapid, highly automated fashion.
In light of the above desirable attributes, it would also be desirable to provide a smoker with one or more visual cues of the sensory enhancements (i.e., characteristic, behavior, the magnitudes thereof and/or combinations thereof) present in a particular cigarette, so as to be, for example, informative to the smoker in selecting a cigarette, or instructive to the smoker as to accessing the available sensory enhancements.
The present invention relates to an apparatus and process for providing filter rods for use in the manufacture of smoking articles, wherein each rod has one or more objects (e.g., rupturable capsules, pellets, strands, or combinations thereof) disposed along its length such that, when the rod is subdivided into rod portions, each rod portion includes at least one, and preferably a plurality, of such objects. The apparatus incorporates equipment for supplying a continuous supply of filter material (e.g., a filter tow processing unit adapted to supply filter tow to a continuous rod forming unit). A representative apparatus may also include, for example, a hopper and rotating wheel arrangement such as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2007/0068540 A1 to Thomas et al. (and incorporated herein by reference), for supplying the objects to the filter material. In a further example, the apparatus may include, for example, a tongue or tongue portion configured to gather the supply of filter material into a continuous rod. Such a tongue may also include, for instance, a tube extending into the filter material passing through the tongue, wherein the tube is configured to allow the objects (singularly or otherwise serially engaged) to pass therethrough into the filter material as the continuous rod is formed. In another example, the objects may be housed within a tubular member, and the apparatus may include, for instance, an object-insertion unit for inserting the tubular member having the objects therein into the filter material. In still another example, the objects may be serially attached or otherwise serially engaged with each other so as to form a continuous chain of objects, wherein the object-insertion unit would be configured to place the continuous chain of objects into the filter material.
In still other instances, the objects may be attached or otherwise engaged with an elongate member, wherein the elongate member may comprise, for example, a strand. The objects are thus strung together by the strand. In such instances, the object-insertion unit is particularly configured to place or otherwise insert the strand and objects into the filter material. Further, the objects may be separate from the elongate member/strand, wherein the object-insertion unit is configured to place or otherwise insert the strand and objects, not engaged with each other, into the filter material. That is, multiple objects (i.e., capsules, pellets) and/or strands; or at least one of a capsule, pellet, or strand in combination with at least one other of the capsule, pellet, or strand; is inserted into the filter material by the object-insertion unit. One arrangement for inserting a strand into the filter material is disclosed, for example, in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/461,941 to Nelson et al., which is incorporated herein by reference. In another example, the elongate member may also be configured to extend laterally (i.e., as a two dimensional sheet). In such an instance, the objects may be attached or otherwise engaged with the elongate member. In engaging the elongate member with the filter material, the apparatus may include, for example, a wrapping device configured to wrap the elongate member about the objects (i.e., so as to form a “tubular member”), wherein the object-insertion unit is configured to place the objects wrapped by the elongate member into the filter material. In yet another example, the apparatus may include a garniture device configured to wrap the elongate member having the objects attached thereto about the filter material such that the elongate member forms a wrap encompassing the filter material and the objects.
As a result, the filter material is formed into a continuous rod having the objects positioned within that rod and along the longitudinal axis thereof. The continuous rod then is subdivided at predetermined intervals so as to form a plurality of filter rods or rod portions such that each rod portion includes at least one, or preferably a plurality, of the objects therein. In instances of the objects comprising, for example, a capsule and/or a pellet, and also including a strand, the capsules and/or pellets may be disposed at predetermined positions within and along the filter rod or filter element, while the strand, if any, extends through the filter rod or filter element. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention are particularly configured to provide the objects and place the same within the filter material, with the objects being sufficiently proximal such that a desired at least one object, and preferably a plurality of objects, per rod portion is obtained when the continuous rod is subdivided.
Having thus described the invention in general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:
The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the inventions are shown. Indeed, these inventions may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
Cigarette rods are manufactured using a cigarette making machine, such as a conventional automated cigarette rod making machine. Exemplary cigarette rod making machines are of the type commercially available from Molins PLC or Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. KG. For example, cigarette rod making machines of the type known as MkX (commercially available from Molins PLC) or PROTOS (commercially available from Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. KG) can be employed. A description of a PROTOS cigarette making machine is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 4,474,190 to Brand, at col. 5, line 48 through col. 8, line 3, which is incorporated herein by reference. Types of equipment suitable for the manufacture of cigarettes also are set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,781,203 to La Hue; 4,844,100 to Holznagel; 5,156,169 to Holmes et al.; 5,191,906 to Myracle, Jr. et al.; 6,647,870 to Blau et al.; 6,848,449 to Kitao et al.; and 6,904,917 to Kitao et al.; and U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2003/0145866 to Hartman; 2004/0129281 to Hancock et al.; 2005/0039764 to Barnes et al.; and 2005/0076929 to Fitzgerald et al.; each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The components and operation of conventional automated cigarette making machines will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art of cigarette making machinery design and operation. For example, descriptions of the components and operation of several types of chimneys, tobacco filler supply equipment, suction conveyor systems and garniture systems are set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,288,147 to Molins et al.; 3,915,176 to Heitmann et al; 4,291,713 to Frank; 4,574,816 to Rudszinat; 4,736,754 to Heitmann et al. 4,878,506 to Pinck et al.; 5,060,665 to Heitmann; 5,012,823 to Keritsis et al. and 6,360,751 to Fagg et al.; and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0136419 to Muller; each of which is incorporated herein by reference. The automated cigarette making machines of the type set forth herein provide a formed continuous cigarette rod or smokable rod that can be subdivided into formed smokable rods of desired lengths.
Filtered cigarettes incorporating filter elements provided from filter rods that are produced in accordance with the present invention can be manufactured using traditional types of cigarette making techniques. For example, so-called “six-up” filter rods, “four-up” filter rods and “two-up” filter rods that are of the general format and configuration conventionally used for the manufacture of filtered cigarettes can be handled using conventional-type or suitably modified cigarette rod handling devices, such as tipping devices available as Lab MAX, MAX, MAX S or MAX 80 from Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. KG. See, for example, the types of devices set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,308,600 to Erdmann et al.; 4,281,670 to Heitmann et al.; 4,280,187 to Reuland et al.; and 6,229,115 to Vos et al.; and U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2005/0103355 to Holmes and 2005/1094014 to Read, Jr.; each of which is incorporated herein by reference. The operation of those types of devices will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art of automated cigarette manufacture.
Cigarette filter rods that are produced in accordance with the present invention can be used to provide multi-segment filter rods. Such multi-segment filter rods can be employed for the production of filtered cigarettes possessing multi-segment filter elements. An example of a two-segment filter element is a filter element possessing a first cylindrical segment incorporating activated charcoal particles (e.g., a “dalmation” type of filter segment) at one end, and a second cylindrical segment that is produced from a filter rod produced in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. The production of multi-segment filter rods can be carried out using the types of rod-forming units that have been employed to provide multi-segment cigarette filter components. Multi-segment cigarette filter rods can be manufactured using a cigarette filter rod making device available under the brand name Mulfi from Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. KG of Hamburg, Germany.
Various types of cigarette components, including tobacco types, tobacco blends, top dressing and casing materials, blend packing densities; types of paper wrapping materials for tobacco rods, types of tipping materials, and levels of air dilution, can be employed. See, for example, the various representative types of cigarette components, as well as the various cigarette designs, formats, configurations and characteristics, that are set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,220,930 to Gentry and 6,779,530 to Kraker; U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2005/0016556 to Ashcraft et al. and 2005/0066986 to Nestor et al.; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/375,700, filed Mar. 14, 2006, to Thomas et al. and Ser. No. 11/408,625, filed Apr. 21, 2006, to Oglesby; each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Filter rods can be manufactured pursuant to embodiments of the present invention using a rod-making apparatus, and an exemplary rod-making apparatus includes a rod-forming unit. Representative rod-forming units are available as KDF-2 and KDF-3E from Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. KG; and as Polaris-ITM Filter Maker from International Tobacco Machinery. Filter material, such as cellulose acetate filamentary tow, typically is processed using a conventional filter tow processing unit. For example, filter tow can be bloomed using bussel jet methodologies or threaded roll methodologies. An exemplary tow processing unit has been commercially available as E-60 supplied by Arjay Equipment Corp., Winston-Salem, N.C. Other exemplary tow processing units have been commercially available as AF-2, AF-3 and AF-4 from Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. KG. and as Candor-ITM Tow Processor from International Tobacco Machinery. Other types of commercially available tow processing equipment, as are known to those of ordinary skill in the art, can be employed. Other types of filter materials, such as gathered paper, nonwoven polypropylene web or gathered strands of shredded web, can be provided using the types of materials, equipment and techniques set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,807,809 to Pryor et al. and 5,025,814 to Raker. In addition, representative manners and methods for operating a filter material supply units and filter-making units are set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,281,671 to Bynre; 4,850,301 to Green, Jr. et al.; 4,862,905 to Green, Jr. et al.; 5,060,664 to Siems et al.; 5,387,285 to Rivers and 7,074,170 to Lanier, Jr. et al.
Representative types of filter rods incorporating objects, and representative types of cigarettes possessing filter elements incorporating objects, such as flavor-containing capsules or pellets, can possess the types of components, format and configuration, and can be manufactured using the types of techniques and equipment set forth in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2005/0070409 A1 to Deal; 2007/0068540 A1 to Thomas et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,862,905 to Green, Jr. et al.; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/461,941 to Nelson et al.; which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
The filter material 40 can vary, and can be any material of the type that can be employed for providing a tobacco smoke filter for cigarettes. Preferably a traditional cigarette filter material is used, such as cellulose acetate tow, gathered cellulose acetate web, polypropylene tow, gathered cellulose acetate web, gathered paper, strands of reconstituted tobacco, or the like. Especially preferred is filamentary tow such as cellulose acetate, polyolefins such as polypropylene, or the like. One highly preferred filter material that can provide a suitable filter rod is cellulose acetate tow having 3 denier per filament and 40,000 total denier. As another example, cellulose acetate tow having 3 denier per filament and 35,000 total denier can provide a suitable filter rod. As another example, cellulose acetate tow having 8 denier per filament and 40,000 total denier can provide a suitable filter rod. For further examples, see the types of filter materials set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,424,172 to Neurath; 4,811,745 to Cohen et al.; 4,925,602 to Hill et al.; 5,225,277 to Takegawa et al. and 5,271,419 to Arzonico et al.
Filamentary tow, such as cellulose acetate, is processed using a conventional filter tow processing unit 218 such as a commercially available E-60 supplied by Arjay Equipment Corp., Winston-Salem, N.C. Other types of commercially available tow processing equipment, as are known to those of ordinary skill in the art, may similarly be used. Normally a plasticizer such as triacetin is applied to the filamentary tow in traditional amounts using known techniques. Other suitable materials for construction of the filter element will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art of cigarette filter design and manufacture.
The continuous length of filter material 40 is pulled through a block 230 by the action of the rod-forming unit 212 and the objects are inserted along the length of and within the web of filter material. However, the objects may also be introduced into the filter material at other points in the process, as disclosed further herein, and this exemplary embodiment is not intended to be limiting in that regard. The filter material is further directed into a gathering region 232 of the rod-forming unit 212. The gathering region can have a tongue and horn configuration, a gathering funnel configuration, stuffer or transport jet configuration, or other suitable type of gathering means. The tongue 232 provides for further gathering, compaction, conversion or formation of the cylindrical composite from block 230 into an essentially cylindrical (i.e., rod-like) shape whereby the continuously extending strands or filaments of the filter material extend essentially along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder so formed. In some instances, the objects may also be placed into the filter material in the gathering region 232, as appropriate.
The filter material 40, which has been compressed into a cylindrical composite, is received further into the rod-forming unit 212. The cylindrical composite is fed into wrapping mechanism 234, which includes endless garniture conveyer belt 236 or other garniture means. The garniture conveyer belt 236 is continuously and longitudinally advanced using advancing mechanism 238 such as a ribbon wheel or cooperating drum so as to transport the cylindrical composite through wrapping mechanism 234. The wrapping mechanism provides a strip of wrapping material 45 (e.g., non-porous paper plug wrap) to the outer surface of the cylindrical composite in order to produce continuous wrapped rod 220. In some instances, the objects may also be engaged with the filter material in the wrapping or garniture region 232, as appropriate. For example, the elongate member, as otherwise disclosed herein, may be in the form of a wrapping material 45 having the objects attached thereto or otherwise engaged therewith. In some instances, the elongate member may also include, for example, microcapsules (see, e.g., U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/537,812 to Fagg, incorporated herein by reference) instead of or in addition to the objects, wherein the elongate member/wrapping material is wrapped about the filter material such that the objects/microcapsules are applied thereto.
Generally, the strip or web of wrapping material 45 is provided from rotatable bobbin 242. The wrapping material is drawn from the bobbin, is trained over a series of guide rollers, passes under block 230, and enters the wrapping mechanism 234 of the rod-forming unit. The endless garniture conveyer belt 236 transports both the strip of wrapping material and the cylindrical composite in a longitudinally extending manner through the wrapping mechanism 234 while draping or enveloping the wrapping material about the cylindrical composite.
The seam formed by an overlapping marginal portion of wrapping material has adhesive (e.g., hot melt adhesive) applied thereto at applicator region 244 in order that the wrapping material can form a tubular container for the filter material. Alternatively, the hot melt adhesive may be applied directly upstream of the wrapping material's entry into the garniture of the wrapping mechanism 234 or block 230, as the case may be. The adhesive can be cooled using chill bar 246 in order to cause rapid setting of the adhesive. It is understood that various other sealing means and other types of adhesives can be employed in providing the continuous wrapped rod.
The continuous wrapped rod 220 passes from the sealing means and is subdivided (e.g., severed) at regular intervals at the desired, predetermined length using cutting assembly 222 which includes as a rotary cutter, a highly sharpened knife, or other suitable rod cutting or subdividing means. It is particularly desirable that the cutting assembly does not flatten or otherwise adversely affect the shape of the rod. The rate at which the cutting assembly severs the continuous rod at the desired points is controlled via an adjustable mechanical gear train (not shown), or other suitable means. The rate at which the objects are inserted into the continuous web of filter material is in a direct relationship to the speed of operation of the rod-making machine. The object insertion unit can be geared in a direct drive relationship to the drive assembly of the rod-making apparatus. Alternatively, the object insertion unit can have a direct drive motor synchronized with the drive assembly of the rod-forming unit and feedback controlled by coupling with the object inspection means 247 to adjust the insertion unit drive assembly should the object insertion location shift out of position. In light of the relationship of the rate of object insertion and the rod-making machine, embodiments of the present invention are also directed to increasing the production rate of the rod-making machine without adversely affecting the object placement within the filter material.
In one example, the insertion unit 214 includes a rotatable insertion member 248 having the shape of a wheel, which may be positioned so as to rotate in a vertical plane. The insertion unit also includes a hopper assembly 252 and/or other transfer means for feeding or otherwise providing transfer of objects (such as, for example, capsules and/or pellets) to insertion wheel 248. As the insertion wheel rotates in a clock-wise fashion, individual objects (not shown) held within pocket (not shown) on the peripheral face of the wheel are brought into contact with the filter material 40 within the block 230, where the objects are ejected from the pockets into the gathered filter material 40. Details of such an object-insertion arrangement are further detailed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2007/0068540 A1 to Thomas et al., though embodiments of the present invention as disclosed herein implement a relatively closer spacing of the objects along the length of the filter rod or rod portion 205. That is, the insertion wheel 248 may be configured so as to place the objects in closer proximity to each other or immediately adjacent to each other. For example, the pockets may be more closely spaced or the insertion wheel 248 configured in a different manner so as to, for instance, receive and deliver the objects in a substantially consistent and continuous feed. In still another example, the objects 50 may be serially attached or otherwise engaged so as to be placed in the filter material as a continuous chain (see, e.g.,
In controlling this process, a typical control system includes control hardware and software. An exemplary control system 290 can incorporate a Siemens 315-2DP Processor, a Siemens FM352-5 (Booleen Processor) and a 16 input bit/16 output bit module. Such a system can utilize a system display 293, such as a Siemens MP370. A typical rod-making unit possesses internal controls whereby, for a rod of desired length, the speed of the knife of the severing unit is timed relative to the speed of continuous rod formation. A first encoder 296, by way of connection with the drive belt of the rod-making unit, and with the control unit 299 of the insertion unit, provides reference of the knife position of the cutting assembly relative to the wheel position of the insertion unit. Thus, the first encoder 296 provides a means for allowing control of the speed of rotation of the wheel of the insertion unit relative to the speed at which continuous web of filter tow passes through the rod-making unit. An exemplary first encoder is available as Heidenhain Absolute 2048.
An inspection/detection system 247 is located near the cutting assembly. The detection system, such as an infrared detection system, relays information regarding the detection of an object within the filter rod to the control system 290. Typically, the objects within the filter rod are of a contrasting shade or color to be detected by visual detection sensors in the detection system 247. In other instances, the inspection/detection system 247 may be appropriately modified so as to be capable of detecting/inspecting various objects. For example, the inspection/detection system 247 may be configured to detect/inspect a capsule, a pellet, and strand, or any multiples or combinations thereof. Such an inspection/detection system 247 is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2007/0068540 A1 to Thomas et al. previously incorporated by reference.
The rod-making apparatus optionally can be equipped with a system adapted to provide information associated with rod production and operation event analysis. For example, a rod-making apparatus, such as a commercially available KDF-2 type of unit, can be adapted so as to be equipped with a central processing unit. A representative central processing unit is available as a Siemens 314-C processor. The central processing unit is equipped with input and output modules. As such, the operation of the rod-making unit can be monitored, and data so generated can be transferred to the central processing unit. In addition, data received by the central processing unit can be presented on a video touch screen or retrieved by a high level operating system (e.g., via an Ethernet). Remote unit such as Siemens IM-153 equipped with inputs, outputs and a counter module available as Siemens FM350-2 installed in sending unit collects data provided to the central processing unit using a bus system (e.g., Profibus). Depending upon information gathered, data that can be generated may relate to number of rods manufactured during a particular time frame, machine operating speed, manufacturing efficiency, number of stops, filters sent to a making machine and stoppage reasons.
Referring to
Referring to
One skilled in the art will also appreciate that the rod-making apparatus 210 may optionally include more than one such block 230 and insertion wheel 248 assembly, where such a plurality of assemblies may be, for example, disposed in series. In other instances, a single block 230 may be configured with more than one such insertion wheel 248. For example, where each insertion wheel 248 has a diameter of between about 135 mm and about 140 mm, a pair of insertion wheels 248 may be mounted with respect to a single block 230 with about 150 mm center-to-center spacing. In instances of more than one object-insertion device (i.e., more than one block/insertion wheel assembly or more than one insertion wheel per single block), the rod-making apparatus 210 may be configured to place a mixed plurality of objects 50 (i.e., various combinations of objects such as, for example, capsules, pellets, or strands) into the filter material, with each of the object-insertion devices handling a different type of object. In continuation of the example, the plurality of object-insertion devices may be configured to deposit into the filter material, for instance, a combination of various objects 50 such as a capsule and a pellet (see, e.g.,
In an alternative embodiment, the objects 50 may be placed in the filter material as the filter material is pulled through a gathering region of the rod-forming unit, wherein the gathering region includes, for example, a tongue and horn configuration. One skilled in the art will appreciate, however, that the gathering region may include the tongue and horn arrangement, a gathering funnel configuration, a stuffer or transport jet configuration, or other suitable types of gathering mechanisms, or combinations thereof, wherein the object placement in the filter material may be accomplished through any of the gathering mechanisms. In such an embodiment, the tongue provides for further gathering, compaction, conversion or formation of a cylindrical composite of filter material into an essentially cylindrical (i.e., rod-like) shape whereby the continuously extending strands or filaments of the filter material extend essentially along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder so formed.
As disclosed, for example, in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/461,941 to Nelson et al., the tongue may be configured to insert a longitudinally-extending strand into the filter material. In such instances, the objects 50 may be attached to or otherwise engaged with the strand 51 (
In other configurations, the elongate member may be stored on a bobbin or other spool member, and the objects brought into engagement therewith, as the elongate member is fed from the spool member, prior to the elongate member with attached objects 50 being placed within the filter material. In still other configurations, the elongate member (whether having objects engaged therewith or not) may be stored on a bobbin or other spool member, and the elongate member (whether having objects engaged therewith or not) fed from the spool member and placed within the filter material, as the filter material is pulled through the gathering region (see, e.g. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/461,941 to Nelson et al., previously incorporated herein by reference), or prior to or upstream of the filter material being pulled through the gathering region (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,281,671 to Byrne et al., previously incorporated herein by reference), wherein the objects 50 can be placed within the filter material upstream of, downstream of (i.e., the elongate member may be threaded into the filter material as the filter material is pulled through a gathering block, upstream of the object-insertion process), or commensurately with the elongate member. The elongate member (whether having objects engaged therewith or not) may be stored on a bobbin or other spool member, and fed from the spool member, using a supply or unwinding unit such as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,807,809 to Pryor et al. or U.S. Pat. No. 5,709,352 to Rogers et al., each being incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
In some instances, the objects attached to or otherwise engaged with the elongate member may be overcoated (i.e., with shellac or other suitable coating substance, or combinations thereof) to insulate them from moisture (i.e., thereby eliminating the need for gellan and allowing the use of, for example, gelatin or alginate for forming the objects). Introduction of the plurality of objects into the filter material using such configurations may also allow the insertion rate of such objects to be increased, since precise handling and placement thereof within the filter material may be less important. In any instance, the filter rods can also be manufactured in such a manner so as to be used as rods for providing flavor for the types of articles set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,041,790 to Smith et al., as an alternative to providing filter elements for tobacco rods.
Referring to
The strand insertion unit also possesses a spool 1309, bobbin, or other mechanism for providing a continuous supply of elongate member 1235, with or without attached objects, which may be directed about a series of guides 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, before being directed through the insertion tube 1295 and into the filter material. The spool 1309 can be located and supported on a spool support base 1350 positioned on, and most preferably secured to, an appropriate region the frame region of the rod-forming unit 1200. For example, the hollow core of the spool can be supported on an upwardly extending axle type member. Alternatively, for an embodiment not shown, the spool can be positioned on a separate stand or base disposed or otherwise mounted adjacent to the rod-forming unit 1200. As such, the spool can be maintained securely in position, and the elongate member alone or with attached objects can be readily removed therefrom, during operation of the rod-making unit. Similarly, the various optional guides 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324 can be located and supported on a guide support base 1360 positioned on, and most preferably secured to, an appropriate region the frame region of the rod-forming unit 1200. However, other types or configurations of guide mechanisms, numbers of guides and pathways for the elongate member having attached objects can be employed, and alternative designs will be apparent to those skilled in the art of continuous supply and transport of a strand of a filament material, such as thread, whether or not having objects attached thereto. In any instance, it is preferable that the guide located nearest the strand insertion tube be adjustable (e.g., up/down, back/forth, side-to-side) in order that the elongate member with or without attached objects can be efficiently and effectively directed into the strand insertion tube. As such, the elongate member with or without attached objects can be removed from the spool at an appropriate rate and effectively guided through the insertion tube 1295 and introduced into the filter material therethrough during operation of the rod-making unit. As the filter material and strand pass downstream through the rod-forming unit, a continuous filter rod (not shown) is formed.
In instances where the elongate member comprises a strand, the material from which the strand is manufactured can vary. Exemplary strands/filament materials can be manufactured from woven natural fiber (e.g., cotton), woven synthetic fiber (e.g., nylon, polyester or cellulose acetate), extruded material (e.g., polyethylene), or the like. Preferred strand materials are woven materials, such as those that can be characterized as string, thread or yarn. The strand material can act as a carrier for a material that can be used to alter the behavior of the mainstream smoke that passes through a filter element incorporating that strand (e.g., the strand can act as a carrier for a smoke modifying agent, such as a flavoring agent). Alternatively, the strand material, when incorporated into the filter rod, does not to any appreciable degree, act as a carrier for a smoke modifying agent (i.e., the strand material, as provided from the spool, is virtually devoid of added flavoring agent and does not act as a smoke modifying agent). If desired, the strand material optionally can be removed from its spool, passed through a flavoring agent applicator system (e.g., passed through a bath of flavoring agent and liquid carrier or sprayed with a mist of flavoring agent and liquid carrier) prior to being introduced into the filter material cylindrical composite. In other instances, the strand material can be configured to absorb or “wick” a flavoring agent from surrounding material, such as the filter material, once the strand is introduced into the filter material cylindrical composite. The strand material also possesses appropriate physical properties, such as pliability, tensile strength, and the like. Exemplary thread is available from Service Thread Manufacturing Co. as Product Number M-04/01-COTN-WHT-OENF-4.25#. Such a type of thread can be treated with dyes or other coloring agents of the desired type in order to provide a thread of the desired color.
The size of the strand may vary, with the diameter thereof being up to about 2.5 mm, or up to about 3 mm, and sometimes up to about 4 mm. However, due to, for example, limitations in the size (diameter) of the filter rod or filter element, larger diameter strands may, in some instances, require smaller dimensions of other objects (i.e., capsules and/or pellets) such that the other objects can be inserted into the filter material with the strand, while providing the desired dimensions of the filter rod or filter element. In instances where the strands or threads are finer or smaller in dimension, the rod-forming unit 1200 may be configured to insert at least one such strand (i.e., by using a single strand-insertion unit 1220), and preferably a plurality of strands (i.e., by using one or more strand-insertion units 1220), into the filter material. That is, one or more individual strands may be inserted into the filter material, in addition to at least one other object such as a capsule or a pellet. In instances of the other objects comprising, for example, a capsule and/or a pellet, and the filter rod also including a strand (see, e.g.,
The strand insertion unit 1220 may possess an electronic sensing or monitoring system that is designed to ensure that elongate member with or without attached objects is being provided from the spool 1309 to desired locations downstream in the filter making system. A representative monitoring system is provided by mounting a fiber optic sensor head (e.g., a sensor head available as FU-68 from Keyence Corporation) near a roll guide 1322. As such, the sensor head can sense rotational movement of the roll guide as the elongate member 1235 that is wrapped around that roll guide provides rotation of that roll guide during movement of that elongate member. Typically, a pin or other appropriate timing mark located on a rotational portion of the roll guide 1322 can provide suitable information for detection by a stationary mounted sensor head. The sensor head can be connected (e.g., using appropriate wiring) to a photosensor (not shown), that can be, in turn, connected to a programmable logic controller (PLC) (not shown). The PLC can be, in turn, connected to the electronic control system of the rod-making unit. A representative photosensor is available as FS 2-60 from Keyence Corporation, and a representative PLC is available as KV-10R from Keyence Corporation. The resulting system can be appropriately programmed so that when the rotational movement of the roll guide 1322 ceases (e.g., as a result of the continuous elongate member being broken or the spool being empty), the monitoring system can sense that change in the operation of strand insertion unit, and the operation of the rod-making unit can be shut down. As such, manufacture of filter rods possessing the objects (capsules/pellets/strands) therein can be assured.
As disclosed, for example, in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/461,941 to Nelson et al. previously incorporated herein by reference, the tongue may comprise a “two piece” tongue available as Part No. 132DF3002 from Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. KG, or a “single piece” tongue, such as Part No. 132DF3003F from Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. KG, either of which may be implemented, as appropriate. As disclosed, the positioning of an insertion tube within the tongue within the horizontal plane provides placement of the elongate member/other objects at a desired longitudinal location within the filter material passing through the tongue; and as such, placement of the opening in the top face of the tongue for the insertion tube can be selected (e.g., so as to be within the center longitudinal region of the filter material gathered composite, from a horizontal perspective). In addition, positioning of the tube can be readily controlled in a vertical manner by adjustment of the positioning screws (e.g., so as to provide the elongate member/other objects in the center region of the filter material gathered composite, or laterally with respect to the cross-section of the filter material gathered composite, from a vertical perspective). In general, the tongue possesses (i) a first entrance or first receiving port at one end for receiving the filter material and an exit or discharge port at the other end for discharge of a filter material gathered composite incorporating generally longitudinally extending filter material and generally longitudinally extending continuous elongate member with or without attached objects, and (ii) a second entrance or second receiving port, physically separate from the first entrance and located toward the exit of the tongue, for introducing the elongate member/other objects into the filter material.
The insertion tube can vary. Typically, the insertion tube is manufactured from a metallic material, such as stainless steel, or the like. Typically, the length of the insertion tube ranges from about 40 to about 60 mm, although longer or shorter insertion tube designs can be employed. Typically, a representative insertion tube has a generally circular cross-section, and is designed for insertion of an elongate member with or without attached objects into a filter material. The cross-sectional shape of the outer portion of the tube and/or of the inner passageway of the tube can be modified, if desired. For example, the outer portion of the tube can be fashioned so as to possess a “plow-like” shape, that is, a narrower width at its upstream face and a wider width at its downstream face. The inner passageway of the tube can be modified, for example, to possess an oval cross-sectional shape, or any other suitable shape, about the extreme downstream end of the insertion tube 1295.
The tube is configured so as to define a path of travel of the elongate member/other objects. That is, the tongue provides a path of travel of the filter material gathered composite, while the tube may be configured so as to define passage of travel of the elongate member and/or other objects into the gathered composite by extending into the path of travel of the gathered composite. That is, the elongate member is discharged from the tube according to the angle of orientation thereof (i.e., the strand is vertically discharged into the gathered composite from a vertically-oriented tube). Once discharged from the tube, the elongate member and/or other objects engages the gathered composite at the selected lateral disposition therein, and is thus continuously fed into and travels downstream with the longitudinally-proceeding gathered composite. The disposition of the tube in the tongue relative to vertical can be altered by loosening the attachment screws (or other fastening mechanism), adjusting the insertion tube in the vertical plane (e.g., up and down, by hand), and tightening the screws (or otherwise providing secure positioning of the insertion tube). In some instances, the tube may also be adjustable with respect to the angle thereof with respect to the path of travel of the filter material gathered composite. That is, the tube may be adjustable to form an acute angle (i.e., greater than 0° and less than 90°) with respect to the path of travel of the filter material gathered composite (i.e., inclined upstream or inclined downstream). In some instances, in order to facilitate the introduction of the elongate member/objects into the gathered composite, the extreme downstream end of the insertion tube 1295 may be configured to be at least one of arcuately-shaped, smooth, beaded, rounded, radiused, chamfered, plow-shaped, and combination thereof, so as to facilitate transition of the orientation of the elongate member/other objects from the discharge orientation upon discharge from the tube to the orientation of the path of travel of the gathered composite. In other optional instances, the insertion tube 1295 may be configured such that the elongate member with or without attached objects is introduced into the gather composite, for example, at a slightly slower rate than the advancement rate of the gathered composite along its path of travels where, in such instances, the difference in rates may provide, for example, a tension in the elongate member as it is introduced into the gathered composite.
In a preferred embodiment, the tongue possesses a first entrance at one end for filter material and an exit at the other end for a filter material gathered composite incorporating the generally longitudinally extending filter material and the generally longitudinally extending continuous elongate member and/or other objects. The entrance and exit each allow for a path of travel of the filter material in a generally horizontal plane. The second entrance, physically separate from the first entrance and located toward the exit of the tongue, is adapted for introduction of the elongate member/other objects into the filter material. The second entrance provides for a path of travel of the elongate member/other objects into the filter material in and from a generally vertical plane. A third entrance, physically separate from both the first and second entrances, and located between the first and second entrances, is adapted to, in some instances, extend into the path of travel of the filter material, and act as a type of plow, or mechanism for separating or creating a channel in the filter material gathered composite. In such an embodiment, the second and third entrances of the tongue preferably have the form of openings through the upper face. In some instances, the tongue or other components within the gathering region may optionally include a flavor (fluid) injection device operably engaged therewith so as to inject a flavored fluid into the filter material and/or onto the one or more strands inserted therein, wherein such a flavor injection device is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,285 to Rivers, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
Preferred types of objects and the dimensions thereof are set forth below. The objects can vary. Each object may possess a generally spherical shape, and most preferably is highly spherical in nature. Some objects can be generally solid in nature. Some objects can be composed of a plastic material; and each can be, for example, a solid spherical bead composed of a mixture of polyethylene and flavor, or a spherical bead having the form of exchange resin or gel. Some objects can be composed of an inorganic material; and can be for example, a spherical alumina bead. The objects also can each have the form of a spherical bead composed of a carbonaceous material. The objects also can each have the form of a hollow sphere. Typical hollow objects are liquid-containing objects, such as breakable capsules, which are highly spherical, are uniform in size and weight, have surface properties that allow such objects to be processed efficiently and effectively using automated filter making equipment, and are highly uniform in composition. Some objects have diameters of about 3 mm to about 4 mm, preferably about 3.5 mm, and the components of the preferred filter rod-making equipment of the present invention are suitably adapted or designed to efficiently and effectively produce filter rods incorporating those types of objects. Preferred hollow objects have sufficient physical integrity to not rupture during handling and insertion thereof into the filter material.
Other types of objects, beads, capsules and capsule components that can be employed for the production of filter rods using the foregoing filter rod manufacturing techniques and equipment are of the type set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,685,521 to Dock; 3,916,914 to Brooks et al.; and 4,889,144 to Tateno et al.; US Pat. Appl. Pub. No. 2003/0098033 to MacAdam et al. and 2004/0261807 to Dube et al.; and PCT Application Pub. No. WO 03/009711 to Kim; which are incorporated herein by reference. Tobacco products can incorporate those types of components set forth in US Patent Publication Nos. 2006/0272663 to Dube et al., 2006/01330961 to Luan et al., 2006/0144412 to Mishra et al.; 2007/0012327 to Karles et al.; and 2007/0068540 to Thomas et al.; PCT WO 2006/136197; PCT WO 2006/136199; PCT WO 2007/010407 PCT WO 2007/060543 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,115,085 to Deal; as well as within filtered cigarettes that have been marketed under the tradename “Camel Lights with Menthol Boost” by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. Exemplary pelletized carrier materials and flavor packages are of the type employed in cigarettes that have been marketed commercially in the USA. For example, flavor-carrying pellets have been incorporated into cigarette filters employed on Camel brand cigarettes under the tradenames Mandalay Lime, Mandarin Mint, Breach Breezer, Back Ally Blend, Snakeyes Scotch, Izmir Stinger, Kauai Kolada, Midnight Madness, Aegean Spice, Screwdriver Slots, Twist, Twista Lime, Dark Mint and Blackjack Gin; Kool brand cigarettes under the tradenames Flow and Groove; and Salem brand cigarettes under the tradename Deep Freeze; all of which have been marketed by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company.
Referring to
Referring to
The wrapping material 20 of the tobacco rod 15 can have a wide range of compositions and properties. The selection of a particular wrapping material will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art of cigarette design and manufacture. Tobacco rods can have one layer of wrapping material; or tobacco rods can have more than one layer of circumscribing wrapping material, such as is the case for the so-called “double wrap” tobacco rods. Exemplary types of wrapping materials, wrapping material components and treated wrapping materials are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,220,930 to Gentry; and U.S. Pat. Application Pub. Nos. 2004/0129281 to Hancock et al.; and 2005/0039764 to Barnes et al.; and PCT Application Pub. No. WO 2004/057986 to Hancock et al.; and PCT Application Pub. No. WO 2004/047572 to Ashcraft et al.; which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
At one end of the tobacco rod 15 is the lighting end 28, and at the other end is positioned a filter element 30. The filter element 30 positioned adjacent one end of the tobacco rod 15 such that the filter element and tobacco rod are axially aligned in an end-to-end relationship, preferably abutting one another. Filter element 30 may have a generally cylindrical shape, and the diameter thereof may be essentially equal to the diameter of the tobacco rod. The ends of the filter element permit the passage of air and smoke therethrough. The filter element 30 includes filter material 40 (e.g., cellulose acetate tow impregnated with triacetin plasticizer) that is over-wrapped along the longitudinally extending surface thereof with circumscribing plug wrap material 45. That is, the filter element 30 is circumscribed along its outer circumference or longitudinal periphery by a layer of plug wrap 45, and each end is open to expose the filter material 40.
Within the filter element 30 is positioned at least one object 50, and preferably a plurality of objects 50 (including, for example, capsules, pellets, strands), including various combinations of different objects 50 (see, e.g.,
The filter element 30 is attached to the tobacco rod 15 using tipping material 58 (e.g., essentially air impermeable tipping paper), that circumscribes both the entire length of the filter element 30 and an adjacent region of the tobacco rod 15. The inner surface of the tipping material 58 is fixedly secured to the outer surface of the plug wrap 45 and the outer surface of the wrapping material 20 of the tobacco rod, using a suitable adhesive; and hence, the filter element and the tobacco rod are connected to one another.
The tipping material 58 connecting the filter element 30 to the tobacco rod 15 can have indicia (not shown) printed thereon. For example, a band on the filter end of a cigarette (not shown) can visually indicate to a smoker the general locations or positions of the objects 50 within the filter element 30. These indicia may help the smoker to locate some objects 50 so that they can, for example, be more easily ruptured by squeezing the filter element 30 directly outside the position of any such rupturable object. The indicia on the tipping material 58 may also indicate the nature of the payload carried by each object. For example, the indicia may indicate that the particular payload is a spearmint flavoring by having a particular color, shape, or design. If desired, the inner surface (i.e., the surface facing the plug wrap) of the tipping material can be coated with a material that can act to retard the propensity of rupturable object contents from migration, wicking or bleeding from the filter material 40 into the tipping material, and hence causing what might be perceived as unsightly visible staining of the tipping material. Such a coating can be provided using a suitable film-forming agent (e.g., ethylcellulose, or a so-called lip release coating composition of the type commonly employed for cigarette manufacture).
A ventilated or air diluted smoking article can be provided with an optional air dilution means, such as a series of perforations 62, each of which extend through the tipping material and plug wrap. The optional perforations 62 can be made by various techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art, such as laser perforation techniques. As these techniques are carried out after insertion of any objects 50 into the filter element 30, care is taken to avoid damaging the objects during the formation of the perforations 62. One way to avoid damage from air dilution techniques, such as those employing laser perforation technologies, involves locating the perforations at a position adjacent to the positions of the objects 50. In such a manner, radiation, heat or physical forces acting upon the filter element during perforation processes do not have such a great propensity to damage the objects. Alternatively, so-called off-line air dilution techniques can be used (e.g., through the use of porous paper plug wrap and pre-perforated tipping paper). The perforated region can be positioned upstream of any object (as shown), or the perforated region can be positioned downstream of any object (i.e., towards the extreme mouth-end of the filter element).
The plug wrap 45 can vary. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,174,719 to Martin. Typically, the plug wrap is a porous or non-porous paper material. Plug wrap materials are commercially available. Exemplary plug wrap papers are available from Schweitzer-Maudit International as Porowrap Plug Wrap 17-M1, 33-M1, 45-M1, 65-M9, 95-M9, 150-M4, 260-M4 and 260-M4T. Preferred plug wrap materials are non-porous in nature. Non-porous plug wraps exhibit porosities of less than about 10 CORESTA units, and preferably less than about 5 CORESTA units. Exemplary non-porous plug wrap papers are available as Ref. No. 646 Grade from Olsany Facility (OP Paprina) of the Czech Republic (Trierendberg Holding). Plug wrap paper can be coated, particularly on the surface that faces the filter material, with a layer of a film-forming material. Such a coating can be provided using a suitable polymeric film-forming agent (e.g., ethylcellulose, ethylcellulose mixed with calcium carbonate, or a so-called lip release coating composition of the type commonly employed for cigarette manufacture). Alternatively, a plastic film (e.g., a polypropylene film) can be used as a plug wrap material. For example, non-porous polypropylene materials that are available as ZNA-20 and ZNA-25 from Treofan Germany GmbH & Co. KG can be employed as plug wrap materials.
The use of non-porous plug wrap materials is desirable in order to avoid the contents of rupturable objects within filter elements from causing what might be perceived as unsightly visible staining of the tipping material 58. For example, highly non-porous plug wrap materials can act to retard or block the propensity of liquid contents of the rupturable objects from migration, wicking or bleeding from the filter material 40 into the tipping material. The plug wrap is typically applied about the rod in a garniture region, downstream of the gathering region. As such, in some embodiments, the objects may be attached to or otherwise engaged with the plug wrap (i.e., the plug wrap comprising the elongate member). As such, when the plug wrap is applied to the rod in the garniture region, the objects may be introduced into the filter material in an alternate manner (i.e., about the periphery of the filter material, or in the form of microcapsules engaged with the plug wrap).
Tobacco materials 16 useful for carrying out the present invention can vary. Tobacco materials can be derived from various types of tobacco, such as flue-cured tobacco, burley tobacco, Oriental tobacco or Maryland tobacco, dark tobacco, dark-fired tobacco and Rustica tobaccos, as well as other rare or specialty tobaccos, or blends thereof. Descriptions of various types of tobaccos, growing practices, harvesting practices and curing practices are set for in Tobacco Production, Chemistry and Technology, Davis et al. (Eds.) (1999). Most preferably, the tobaccos are those that have been appropriately cured and aged.
Typically, tobacco materials for cigarette manufacture are used in a so called “blended” form. For example, certain popular tobacco blends, commonly referred to as “American blends,” comprise mixtures of flue-cured tobacco, burley tobacco and Oriental tobacco. Such blends, in many cases, contain tobacco materials that have a processed form, such as processed tobacco stems (e.g., cut-rolled or cut-puffed stems), volume expanded tobacco (e.g., puffed tobacco, such as dry ice expanded tobacco (DIET), preferably in cut filler form). Tobacco materials also can have the form of reconstituted tobaccos (e.g., reconstituted tobaccos manufactured using paper-making type or cast sheet type processes). The precise amount of each type of tobacco within a tobacco blend used for the manufacture of a particular cigarette brand varies from brand to brand. See, for example, Tobacco Encyclopedia, Voges (Ed.) p. 44-45 (1984), Browne, The Design of Cigarettes, 3rd Ed., p. 43 (1990) and Tobacco Production, Chemistry and Technology, Davis et al. (Eds.) p. 346 (1999). Other representative tobacco types and types of tobacco blends also are set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,836,224 to Lawson et al.; 4,924,888 to Perfetti et al.; 5,056,537 to Brown et al.; 5,220,930 to Gentry; and 5,360,023 to Blakley et al.; US Pat. Application Pub. Nos. 2002/0000235 to Shafer et al.; 2004/0084056 to Lawson et al.; 2004/0255965 to Perfetti et al; and 2004/0261807 to Dube et al., 2005/0066981 to Crooks et al.; and 2005/0066986 to Nestor et al.; PCT Application Pub. No. WO 02/37990; and Bombick et al., Fund. Appl. Toxicol., 39, p. 11-17 (1997).
Tobacco materials typically are used in forms, and in manners, that are traditional for the manufacture of smoking articles, such as cigarettes. The tobacco normally is used in cut filler form (e.g., shreds or strands of tobacco filler cut into widths of about 1/10 inch to about 1/60 inch, preferably about 1/20 inch to about 1/35 inch, and in lengths of about ¼ inch to about 3 inches). The amount of tobacco filler normally used within the tobacco rod of a cigarette ranges from about 0.6 g to about 1 g. The tobacco filler normally is employed so as to fill the tobacco rod at a packing density of about 100 mg/cm3 to about 300 mg/cm3, and often about 150 mg/cm3 to about 275 mg/cm3.
If desired, the tobacco materials of the tobacco rod can further include other components. Other components include casing materials (e.g., sugars, glycerin, cocoa and licorice) and top dressing materials (e.g., flavoring materials, such as menthol). The selection of particular casing and top dressing components is dependent upon factors such as the sensory characteristics that are desired, and the selection of those components will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art of cigarette design and manufacture. See, Gutcho, Tobacco Flavoring Substances and Methods, Noyes Data Corp. (1972) and Leffingwell et al., Tobacco Flavoring for Smoking Products (1972).
The dimensions of a representative cigarette 10 can vary. Preferred cigarettes are rod shaped, and can have diameters of about 7.5 mm (e.g., circumferences of about 22.5 mm to about 25 mm); and can have total lengths of about 80 mm to about 100 mm. The length of the filter element 30 can vary. Typical filter elements can have lengths of about 20 mm to about 40 mm. In one preferred embodiment, the length of the filter element 30 is about 27 mm, and the length of the tobacco rod 15 is about 56 mm to about 57 mm. In another embodiment, the length of the filter element is about 31 mm, and the length of the tobacco rod is about 67 mm to about 68 mm. The tipping paper 58 can circumscribe the entire filter element and about 4 mm of the length of the tobacco rod in the region adjacent to the filter element.
Preferred cigarettes made according to the method of the present invention exhibit desirable resistance to draw, whether or not any hollow objects within their filter elements are broken. For example, an exemplary cigarette exhibits a pressure drop of between about 50 mm and about 200 mm water pressure drop at 17.5 cc/sec. air flow. Preferred cigarettes exhibit pressure drop values of between about 70 mm and about 180 mm, more preferably between about 80 mm to about 150 mm water pressure drop at 17.5 cc/sec. air flow. Typically, pressure drop values of cigarettes are measured using a Filtrona Filter Test Station (CTS Series) available form Filtrona Instruments and Automation Ltd.
In use, the smoker lights the lighting end 28 of the cigarette 10 and draws smoke into his/her mouth through the filter element 30 at the opposite end of the cigarette. The smoker can smoke all or a portion of the cigarette with the objects 50 intact. During the portion of the smoking experience that any objects 50 remain intact, smoke generated in the tobacco rod 15 is drawn to the smoker through the filter material 40 of the filter element. Most preferably, the overall character or nature of the drawn smoke is virtually unaffected to any significant degree as a result of the presence of the intact object(s) within the filter element, unless particular objects are configured to be activated by or otherwise affect the drawn smoke. If desired, the smoker may rupture any or all of the rupturable objects 50 at any time before, during, or even after, the smoking experience. Breakage of any rupturable object acts to release the contents that are contained and sealed therewithin. Release of the contents of any rupturable object into the filter element thus enables the smoker to achieve the intended benefit of action of certain of those contents, whether that benefit results from flavoring or scenting the smoke, cooling or moistening the smoke, freshening the scent of the cigarette butt, or achieving some other goal associated with modifying the overall composition of the smoke or altering the performance characteristics of the cigarette. That is, in highly preferred embodiments, the contents of any rupturable object are not released into the filter element until the particular object is purposefully physically broken; but when a rupturable object is ruptured, a portion of component contained within the rupturable object (e.g., portions of a flavoring agent) that is consequently released into the filter element is incorporated into each subsequent puff of mainstream smoke that is received through that filter element. In this manner, any rupturable object can be ruptured by the smoker at their discretion. Multiple flavors or scents in or otherwise associated with the individual objects allows for different taste in each puff of the cigarette, or an increased amplitude of sensory response in each puff may be experienced by the smoker, if the flavor is the same in all objects. In some instances, relatively small objects may be incorporated in each filter element, due to the different manners in, and the different extent to, which the sensory responses may be affected when smoking the cigarette.
During use of the cigarette, application of physical pressure to any of the rupturable objects 50, for example by a squeezing action provided by the fingers of the smoker to the filter element 30, causes relevant region of the filter element to deform and hence causes a particular rupturable object or objects to rupture and release the respective payload to the filter material 40 of the filter element. The rupture of any rupturable object 50 can be discerned by an audible pop or snap, the feel of a crushing or shattering of the rupturable object, or the sense of a rapid decrease in the resistance to the pressure applied by the smoker. Rupture of a rupturable object causes contents of its payload to disperse throughout portions of the filter material 40, and potentially to some extent into the tobacco rod 15. Most preferably, the filter element into which the objects are placed and maintained, is such that the filter element effectively maintains its overall shape during the manufacture, storage and use of the cigarette. Most preferably, the filter element is sufficiently flexible such that the overall cylindrical shape of the filter element returns to essentially its original shape after the application of pressure to the filter element is ceased. That is, the filter element possesses sufficient flexibility to allow squeezing pressure applied by the fingers of the smoker to break a rupturable object, and sufficient resilience to allow the deformed filter element to return to its original shape.
Referring to
The first segment 70 most preferably is a generally cylindrically shaped filter segment. The first segment most preferably is manufactured using a traditional cigarette filter material, such as cellulose acetate tow, gathered cellulose acetate web, polypropylene tow, gathered polypropylene web, gathered cellulose acetate web, gathered paper, strands of reconstituted tobacco, or the like. Exemplary cigarette filter segments for multi-component cigarette filters are set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,920,990 to Lawrence et al.; 5,012,829 to Thesing et al.; 5,025,814 to Raker; 5,074,320 to Jones et al.; 5,105,838 to White et al.; 5,271,419 to Arzonico et al.; and 5,360,023 to Blakley et al.; which are incorporated herein by reference. Carbonaceous material, such as activated charcoal particles, also can be incorporated into that filter segment.
Other types of cigarettes possessing multi-component filters also can be used to incorporate those types of object-containing filter segments representative of the present invention. That is, cigarettes can possess multi-component filter elements having other types of formats and configurations. For example, a two-segment filter element can have one segment possessing objects, and that segment can be positioned between the tobacco rod and the extreme mouth end filter segment. As another example, a three-segment filter element can have one segment possessing objects, and that segment can be positioned immediately adjacent the tobacco rod, at the extreme mouth end of the cigarette, or as the middle filter segment between the tobacco end filter segment and the mouth end filter segment. Object-containing filter segments made according to the method of the present invention can be incorporated into the multi-component filter of cigarettes of the type set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,360,023 to Blakley; 5,396,909 to Gentry et al.; and 5,718,250 to Banerjee et al; US Pat. Application Pub. Nos. 2002/0166563 to Jupe et al., 2004/0261807 to Dube et al. and 2005/0066981 to Crooks et al.; and PCT Application Pub. No. WO 03/047836 to Xue et al.; which are incorporated herein by reference. See, also, the representative types of filter elements set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,046,063 to Berger; 4,064,791 to Berger; 4,075,936 to Berger; 4,357,950 to Berger; and 4,508,525 to Berger; which are incorporated herein by reference. For example, the types of objects set forth as cigarette filter components in US Pat. Application Pub. Nos. 2004/0261807 to Dube et al., 2005/0066981 to Crooks et al. and 2005/0070409 to Deal; and PCT Application WO 03/009711 to Kim, which are incorporated herein by reference, can be replaced with the types of objects set forth herein. If desired, the types of filter elements set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,724,997 to Smith et al., which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, can incorporate the aforementioned types of objects.
Many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which these inventions pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the inventions are not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
