The present invention relates to an apparatus for insertion between anatomical structures and a procedure utilizing same and, more particularly, to such an apparatus that includes a member that is compressed before it is inserted and expands after it is inserted.
It is often desirable to insert a device between anatomical structures for several reasons. For example, it can be inserted in a manner so that it engages the structures and serves as an implant for stabilizing the structures and absorbing shock. Alternately, a device can be temporarily inserted between the structures and function to distract the structures to permit another device, such as a prosthesis, to be implanted between the structures. According to another example, a device can be inserted between the structures to distract the structures to permit another surgical procedure to be performed in the space formed by the distraction, after which the device is released and removed.
Although devices have been designed for one or more of the above uses they are not without problems. For example, it is often difficult to insert the device without requiring excessive invasion of the anatomy, damage to the adjacent anatomical structures, or over-distraction. Embodiments of the present invention improve upon these techniques and various embodiments of the invention may possess one or more of the above features and advantages, or provide one or more solutions to the above problems existing in the prior art.
With reference to
The lumbar region 12 includes five vertebrae V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5 separated by intervertebral discs D1, D2, D3, and D4, with the disc D1 extending between the vertebrae V1 and V2, the disc D2 extending between the vertebrae V2 and V3, the disc D3 extending between the vertebrae V3 and V4, and the disc D4 extending between the vertebrae V4 and V5.
The sacrum 14 includes five fused vertebrae, one of which is a superior vertebrae V6 separated from the vertebrae V5 by a disc D5. The other four fused vertebrae of the sacrum 14 are referred to collectively as V7. A disc D6 separates the sacrum 14 from the coccyx 16, which includes four fused vertebrae (not referenced).
With reference to
It will be assumed that, for one or more of the reasons set forth above, the vertebrae V3 and V4 are not being adequately supported by the disc D4, and that it is therefore necessary to provide supplemental support and stabilization of these vertebrae. To this end, and referring to
The device 30 is generally rectangular in shape with two notches, or saddles, 30a and 30b formed at each end. The device 30 is fabricated from a soft flexible material that has a predetermined shape and elastic properties that will permit it to return towards its original state after it has been compressed. Examples of this type of material are polyurethane, rubber, RTV silicone, two-part silicone, silicone, two-part urethane PA, hydrogels, collagen matrix, bone matrix, ceramic granules suspended in an aqueous fluid, morsalized fascia, silk elastin, polymer proteins, proteins, protein hydrogel, and thermopolymer. Also, the device can be fabricated from a fabric and dipped in silicone thereby providing a memory, or preset shape, of the device to guide it during expansion.
Before the device 30 is implanted it undergoes a series of steps. Initially a compressive force, or load, is applied to the side walls of the device in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the device as shown by the arrows in
The plates 34a and 34b are released and a retaining ring 36 is immediately placed over the compressed device at a location approximately between its ends. The ring 36 thus prevents the device 30 from returning back to its original shape shown in
The apparatus consisting of the device 30, in its compressed shape, and the retaining ring 36 extending around the device, is inserted between the respective spinous processes 22 of the vertebrae V3 and V4 in the direction shown in
In addition to stabilizing the vertebrae V3 and V4, the relatively flexible, soft material of the device 30 readily conforms to the processes and provides excellent shock absorption and deformability, resulting in an improved fit.
Referring to
The device 40 comprises a hollow body member 42, generally rectangular in shape, and having two notches, or saddles, 42a and 42b, formed at each end. The body member 42 is fabricated from a soft flexible material that will deform, or compress, under load conditions to be described.
One end of a tube 44 registers with an opening in the body member 42, and the other end of the tube is adapted to be connected to a source of fluid (not shown) so that the fluid can be introduced into the interior of the body member. Examples of the type of fluid that can be used are air, water, and a curable polymer. The quantity of fluid introduced into the interior of the body member 42 is controlled so that the body member will expand in a manner to be described.
A sack, or sheath, 46 extends over the body member 42 and is sized so as to fit relatively tight in the axial direction, that is, the width of the sheath is only slightly greater that the length of the body member. The sheath 46 has two open ends so that the body member 42 can be inserted into and removed from, the sheath through either end. Preferably the sheath 46 is fabricated from a type of material that is heat shrinkable, that is, it will shrink when subjected to sufficient heat. Since this type of material is conventional it will not be described in detail.
After the body member 42 is inserted in the sheath 46, heat is applied to the sheath in any conventional manner. As a result, the sheath 46 shrinks to the position shown in
The sheath 46 is then removed from the body member 42 by pulling on one end of the sheath, as shown in
The device 40 is thus firmly secured in its implanted position shown in
According to an alternate version of the embodiment of
In each of the foregoing embodiments, it is understood that the term “expand”, as used above is meant to cover the situation in which the body member 42 is allowed to move back towards its normal state when the sheath is removed after it was initially contracted when put in the sheath 46; or the situation in which the body member is actually inflated in response to the introduction of the fluid; or both.
It is also understood that, in each of the above embodiments the devices 30 and 40 do not necessarily have to function as implants between two processes as described in the examples above, but rather can be used in other different procedures and in other different areas of the anatomy. For example, the devices 30 and 40 can be inserted between the two anatomical structures, such as the processes used in the above examples, and expanded to an extent that it engages and distracts, or moves, the structures in a direction away from each other, to permit another device, such as a prosthesis, to be implanted between the structures or in an area near the structures. According to another example, each device can be inserted between the structures and expanded to an extent that it engages and distracts the structures to permit another surgical procedure to be performed in the space formed by the distraction. In each of these examples, the device would be released and removed after the procedure is completed.
It is understood that variations may be made in the foregoing without departing from the invention and examples of some variations are as follows:
(1) The device 30 and the body member 42 can take shapes that are different from the examples disclosed above.
(2) The devices 30 and 40 can be inserted in other areas of the anatomy such as, for example, in an intervertebral disc space represented by the references D1-D5 in
(3) The devices 30 and 40 can be inserted between two vertebrae following a corpectomy in which at least one vertebrae is removed.
(4) The members used to retain the device 30 and the body member 42 in their compressed condition can vary.
(5) The types of fluid introduced into the body member 42 can be vary.
(6) The expansion of the device 30 and the body member 42 can be such that they engage only one of the anatomical structures.
(7) In the embodiment of
(8) Any spatial references made above, such as “under”, “over”, “between”, “upper”, “lower”, “top”, “bottom”, etc. are for the purpose of illustration only and do not limit the specific orientation or location of the structure described above.
The preceding specific embodiments are illustrative of the practice of the invention. It is to be understood, therefore, that other expedients known to those skilled in the art or disclosed herein, may be employed without departing from the invention or the scope of the appended claims, as detailed above. In the claims, means-plus-function clauses are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Thus, although a nail and a screw may not be structural equivalents in that a nail employs a cylindrical surface to secure wooden parts together, whereas a screw employs a helical surface, in the environment of fastening wooden parts, a nail and a screw are equivalent structures.
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