The present invention relates to an apparatus for lighting fluorescent lamp, particularly to a bulb-type fluorescent lamp, that is, a fluorescent lamp having a shape of electric bulb.
In recent years, in view of energy conservation and the like, bulb-type fluorescent lamps have been used instead of incandescent lamps. In a conventional bulb-type fluorescent lamp, a light-emitting tube, a starter and a stabilizer are integrated and accommodated in the screw base portion thereof, making the base portion large and heavy.
An AC power source 101 is connected to the AC input terminals of a full-wave rectifier 104 via a filter circuit comprising an inductor 103 and a capacitor 102. A smoothing capacitor 105 is connected across the DC output terminals of the full-wave rectifier 104. To the smoothing capacitor 105, two switching devices 111 and 112 are connected in a half-bridge configuration. A transformer 114 for generating a resonance voltage has inductors 115, 116 and 117. One of the terminals of the inductor 115 of the transformer 114 is connected to the connection point (hereinafter simply referred to as the connection point between the switching devices) of the first switching devices 111 and the second switching device 112. A starting resistor 200 and a capacitor 201 are connected in parallel between the connection point between the switching devices and the smoothing capacitor 105. The parallel arrangement of a capacitor 204 and zener diodes 206 and 207 is connected between the gate terminal of the first switching device 111 and the connection point between the switching devices. The cathodes of the two zener diodes 206 and 207 are connected to each other in series. An inductor 202 is connected between the other terminal of the inductor 115 of the transformer 114 and the gate terminal of the first switching device 111.
An inductor 203 is connected between one of the terminals of the inductor 116 of the transformer 114 and the gate terminal of the second switching device 112. In addition, a smoothing capacitor 205 is connected between the other terminal of the inductor 116 and the gate terminal of the second switching device 112. Furthermore, two zener diodes 208 and 209 are directly connected between the other terminal of the inductor 116 and the gate terminal of the second switching terminal 112 in parallel with the smoothing capacitor 205. The cathodes of these two zener diodes 208 and 209 are connected to each other. A resistor 210 is connected between the connection point of the two zener diodes 208 and 209 and the other terminal of the second switching device 112. Moreover, the other terminal of the second switching terminal 112 is connected to the smoothing capacitor 205 via a capacitor 213.
One of the terminals of the inductor 117 of the transformer 114 is connected to the connection point between the switching devices, and a pair of filament terminals in a light-emitting tube 135 and a capacitor 134 are connected in series between the other terminal of this inductor 117 and a capacitor 133.
Next, the operation of the conventional bulb-type fluorescent lamp configured as described above will be described.
The starter of the conventional bulb-type fluorescent lamp shown in
The capacitor 133 is a coupling capacitor used to cut DC components in the power source. To alternatively switch the two switching devices 111 and 112, the inductors 115 and 116 of the transformer 114 detect the timing of on/off operation, and the inductors 202 and 203 carry out driving.
The starting resistor 200 turns on the first switching device 111 at the time of power-on to start the starter. In this way, until the starter is started by power-on and the light-emitting tube 135 is lit, resonance is caused at the inductor 117 and the capacitor 134 constituting a resonance circuit by the two switching devices 111 and 112, thereby generating a high voltage and lighting the light-emitting tube 135.
After the light-emitting tube 135 is lit, the impedance across the light-emitting tube 135 becomes low. As a result, the resonance capacitor 134 becomes nearly short-circuited. For this reason, self-oscillation occurs at the low resonance frequency determined by the capacitor 133 and the inductor 117, whereby the light-emitting tube 135 can continue high-frequency lighting operation at high efficiency.
However, in the above-mentioned conventional bulb-type fluorescent lamp, a high voltage is generated for lighting at the resonance frequency determined by the inductor 117 and the capacitor 134, immediately when and after the power is turned on. Therefore, at the time of lighting, the above-mentioned lighting operation is carried out while the external tube of the light-emitting tube is still cool, without sufficiently heating the filaments. Therefore, stress is applied to the filaments of the light-emitting tube, thereby causing a problem of shortening the service life of the light-emitting tube.
Furthermore, in the conventional bulb-type fluorescent lamp, the preheating time for the filaments cannot be taken sufficiently, thereby causing a problem of making the luminous flux small because the temperature of the external tube is low immediately after lighting, and making the luminous flux larger as the temperature of the external tube rises.
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides an apparatus for lighting fluorescent lamp, that is a fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus, configured to sufficiently provide a preheating time at the time of lighting and capable of carrying out control at a level not applying stress to the filaments of the light-emitting tube thereof. In addition, the present invention is intended to provide a fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus having a smaller mounting area by significantly reducing the number of components by using a one-chip monolithic IC accommodating an oscillator, and capable of maintaining a constant luminous flux immediately after lighting.
In order to attain the above-mentioned objects, a fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention comprises:
In accordance with the present invention configured as described above, the power source circuit portion has the DC-voltage generation circuit, the drive-signal generation circuit and the drive control circuit, and the need for a transformer coil is eliminated; therefore, the mounting area of the power source circuit portion is decreased significantly, and the number of components is reduced.
A fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention from another aspect comprises:
In the present invention configured as described above, the power source circuit portion has the DC-voltage generation circuit, the drive-signal generation circuit and the drive control circuit, and the need for a transformer coil is eliminated by providing a semiconductor integrated circuit; therefore, the mounting area of the power source circuit portion is decreased significantly, and the number of components is reduced.
A fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention from another aspect comprises a light-emitting portion having a light-emitting tube excited by a pair of filament electrodes and a power source circuit portion for outputting a signal for driving the above-mentioned pair of filament electrodes, wherein
In accordance with the present invention configured as described above, a signal having a frequency different from the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit network can be generated at the time of power on, whereby a desired voltage can be applied to the filament electrodes without abruptly applying a high voltage caused by resonance. Furthermore, the frequency to be supplied to the resonance circuit network is changed with the passage of time and passed through the resonance frequency band, whereby the light-emitting tube can be lit securely in the vicinity of the resonance frequency. Moreover, the signal having the phase corresponding to the signal of the signal detection terminal is supplied to the resonance circuit network after the predetermined time has passed from power on, thereby to form a closed loop for driving the resonance circuit network, whereby the resonance state can be maintained, and the light emission of the light-emitting tube can be continued. In this way, abrupt stress is not applied to the filament electrodes and the light-emitting tube, whereby the service life of the light-emitting tube can be extended; in addition, the temperature of the light-emitting tube is raised and light is emitted, whereby the change in the luminous flux immediately after light emission can be suppressed.
A fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention from another aspect comprises a light-emitting portion having a light-emitting tube excited by a pair of filament electrodes and a power source circuit portion for outputting a signal for driving the above-mentioned pair of filament electrodes, wherein
In accordance with the present invention configured as described above, the power source circuit portion has the DC-voltage generation circuit, the drive-signal generation circuit and the drive control circuit, and the need for a transformer coil is eliminated; therefore, the mounting area of the power source circuit portion is decreased significantly, and the number of components is reduced.
In accordance with the present invention configured as described above, a signal having a frequency different from the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit network can be generated at the time of power on, whereby a desired voltage can be applied to the filament electrodes without abruptly applying a high voltage caused by resonance. Furthermore, the frequency to be supplied to the resonance circuit network is changed with the passage of time and passed through the resonance frequency band, whereby the light-emitting tube can be lit securely in the vicinity of the resonance frequency. Moreover, the signal having the phase corresponding to the signal of the signal detection terminal is supplied to the resonance circuit network after the predetermined time has passed from power on, thereby to form a closed loop for driving the resonance circuit network, whereby the resonance state can be maintained, and the light emission of the light-emitting tube can be continued. In the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of the present invention, the resonance connection portion of the first and second switching means can be driven by the voltage across the output terminals of the DC-voltage generation circuit, whereby it is possible to generate a voltage required to drive the filament electrodes. In this way, abrupt stress is not applied to the filament electrodes and the light-emitting tube, whereby the service life of the light-emitting tube can be extended; in addition, the temperature of the light-emitting tube is raised and light is emitted, whereby the change in the luminous flux immediately after light emission can be suppressed.
While the novel features of the invention are set forth particularly in the appended claims of the invention, both as to organization and content, will be better understood and appreciated, along with other objects and features thereof, from the following detailed descriptions taken in conjunction with the drawings.
It will be recognized that some or all of the Figures are schematic representations for purposes of illustration and do not necessarily depict the actual relative sizes or locations of the elements shown.
A bulb-type fluorescent lamp in accordance with Embodiment 1, an embodiment of a fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention, will be described below referring to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in
The DC-voltage generation circuit 10 of Embodiment 1 is a circuit for forming a DC voltage (about 141 V) across terminals 100 and 101 from an AC power source (100 V AC, 50 Hz/60 Hz). In
At point 302 of the voltage waveform shown in the part (a) of
At point 303 of the voltage waveform shown in the part (a) of
The drive-signal generation circuit 20 is a circuit for generating pulse signals to be input to the gates of the two power MOS transistors M1 and M2 of the drive control circuit 30. The voltage output across the terminals 100 and 101 from the DC-voltage generation circuit 10 is applied to a series connection arrangement comprising a resistor (R2) and a zener diode (Z1). The voltage generated across both ends of the zener diode (Z1) is applied between the power source (Vcc) terminal of the pin terminal No. 1 and the ground (GND) terminal of the pin terminal 3 of the semiconductor integrated circuit 21.
The resistor R2, the zener diode Z1 and the capacitor C3 of the drive-signal generation circuit 20 form a circuit wherein a DC power source voltage of 15 V to be supplied to the pin terminal No. 1 (Vcc) of the semiconductor integrated circuit 21 is generated from a DC voltage of about 141 V, i.e., the output of the DC-voltage generation circuit 10. After power on, a current always flows through the zener diode Z1, and the resistor R2 is set to maintain the voltage on the zener diode at 15V. Therefore, the resistance value of the resistor R2 is set depending on the currents flowing at the terminal of the pin terminal No. 1 and at the terminal of the pin terminal No. 8 of the semiconductor integrated circuit 21.
The terminals of the pin terminal Nos. 6, 7 and 8 in the semiconductor integrated circuit 21 of the drive-signal generation circuit 20 are the terminal group of the high-pressure-pulse generation circuit portion, and a high-voltage pulse signal is output from the terminal (the high-voltage side) of the pin terminal No. 7.
When the terminal of the pin terminal No. 6 is 0 V, a voltage of about 14.3 V, obtained by subtracting the forward voltage of a diode D1, about 0.7 V, from the application voltage of 15 V at the zener diode Z2 of the drive-signal generation circuit 20, is applied across the terminals of the capacitor C4, that is, to the terminal of the pin terminal No. 8. On the other hand, when the terminal of the pin terminal No. 6 is 141 V, the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor C4 is maintained at 14.3 V. Therefore, the terminal of the pin terminal No. 8 has a potential of about 155.3 V. Since the voltage across the terminals of the zener diode Z1 is 15 V at this time, the diode D1 is in the OFF state.
The capacitor C7 of the drive-signal generation circuit 20 is a capacitor for setting the time of the separate-excitation mode immediately after power on. When power is turned on, a constant current of 6 μA, for example, is output from the terminal of the pin terminal No. 5 of the semiconductor integrated circuit 21, and the capacitor C7 is charged with the current. As a result, the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor C7 rises from 0 V; when the capacitor C7 reaches a predetermined voltage, the semiconductor integrated circuit 21 is switched from the separate-excitation mode to the self-excitation mode.
The detailed configuration and operation of the semiconductor integrated circuit 21 will be described later.
[Filament preheating function]
The light-emitting tube 4 connected to the drive control circuit 30 and driven and controlled thereby becomes high impedance (open state) across the filaments (across both terminals of the capacitor C6) at the time of non-lighting; when the voltage across the filaments reaches a certain value, the lighting state is obtained. At the time of lighting, the impedance across the filaments (across both terminals of the capacitor C6) becomes low (about 100 Ω).
It is usually known with respect to a fluorescent lamp that its service life is extended by flowing a current (preheating current) to the filaments 51 and 52 before lighting. Therefore, the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 1 of the present invention has a filament preheating function described next.
In the separate-excitation mode immediately after lighting, the pulse signal having the frequency shown in the part (4) of
In the above-mentioned equation (1), C5 and C6 represent the capacitances of the capacitors C5 and C6, and L1 represents the inductance of the coil L1.
As described above, the resonance circuit has such a resonance curve as shown in FIG. 8. Therefore, the start frequency (lighting frequency) at the time of power on in the separate-excitation mode is set at frequency fstt wherein the light-emitting tube 4 it not lit securely, and this frequency is lowered gradually. The stop frequency fstp wherein the separate-excitation mode is switched to the self-excitation mode is set at a frequency lower than the resonance frequency f0. By sweeping the frequency from a high value to a low value, the light-emitting tube 4 lights surely at least in the vicinity of the resonance frequency f0. By setting the constants of the capacitor C5, the capacitor C6 and the coil L1 as described above, a current flows through the filaments 51 and 52 during the period from immediately after power on until the voltage across the filaments reaches a lighting voltage. Therefore, the filaments 51 and 52 are preheated sufficiently.
As described above, in the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 1, after the preheating current flowing through the filaments 51 and 52 after power on, the lighting voltage is applied across the filaments. As and result, when the lamp is lit, the impedance across the filaments becomes low (about 100 Ω). Then, after the frequency is swept to the stop frequency in the separate-excitation mode for a while, the separate-excitation mode is switched to the self-excitation mode.
The resonance frequency in the self-excitation mode is determined by the resonance circuit of the capacitor C5, the capacitor C6 and the coil L1, the impedance of the light-emitting tube 4 at the time of lighting and the phase of the feedback loop from the resonance circuit.
[Configuration of the semiconductor integrated circuit 21]
Next, the configuration of the semiconductor integrated circuit 21 in the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 1 will be described.
In
The low-voltage-side under-voltage lockout circuit 232 and the high-voltage-side under-voltage lockout circuit 231 are provided for the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 1 as described above, thereby preventing abnormal operation at the time of power on/off. Furthermore, the low-voltage-side and under-voltage lockout circuit 232 has a function of resetting a timer circuit 212 at the time of power on/off, and a function of stopping the operation of a separate-excitation oscillator 211 operating usually at a frequency of 75 kHz to 100 kHz, for example. The setting voltage in the low-voltage-side under-voltage lockout circuit 232 and the setting voltage at the high-voltage-side under-voltage lockout circuit 231 are provided with hysteresis between the value at the time of voltage rising and the value at the time of voltage lowering, thereby being set to have different voltages.
Furthermore, at the time of power off, the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor C7 is also initialized to 0 V by the low-voltage-side under-voltage lockout circuit 232.
[Under-voltage lockout circuits (UVLO) 231 and 232]
Next, the operation sequence about the low-voltage-side under-voltage lockout circuit (hereinafter simply referred to as low-voltage-side UVLO) 231 and the high-voltage-side under-voltage lockout circuit (hereinafter simply referred to as high-voltage-side UVLO) 232 will be described below.
When the high-voltage-side UVLO 231 operates (carries out reset output) earlier than the low-voltage side UVLO 232 at the time of power off, only the power MOS transistor M1 becomes open at the time when the high-voltage-side UVLO 231 operates. Then, the resonance state of the LC resonance circuit of the drive control circuit 30 stops. As a result, the charge of the 141 V power source from the DC-voltage generation circuit 10 loses all means of escape, and the voltage drop of the 141 power source stops. Then, the 15 V power source of the semiconductor integrated circuit 21 also stops. By this operation of the high-voltage-side UVLO 231, the non-operating state of the low-voltage-side UVLO 232 is maintained. At this time, the timer terminal voltage at the pin terminal No. 5 is not reset to 0 V by the low-voltage-side UVLO 232, but is maintained at a certain voltage. When commercial power is turned on again in this state, start is carried out in the self-excitation mode, instead of the separate-excitation mode, thereby causing a malfunction of no lighting.
To prevent the above-mentioned malfunction, the setting voltages thereof are adjusted so that the low-voltage side UVLO 232 operates earlier than the high-voltage-side UVLO 21 at the time of power off. For example, the operation voltage of the low-voltage side UVLO 232 is set at 10 V, and the operation voltage of the high-voltage-side UVLO 231 is set at 9 V. Thus, the low-voltage side UVLO 232 operates earlier than the high-voltage-side UVLO 231 at the time of power off.
Therefore, the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 1 lights securely even at the time of the re-lighting operation.
When the power source voltage on the low-voltage side is 15 V, the power source voltage on the high-voltage side is 14.3 V. Since noise is apt to mix into the signal on the high-voltage side at this time, a filter is provided to prevent the mixture of noise.
[Separate-excitation/self-excitation selection switch circuit 214]
[Separate-excitation oscillator 211]
The separate-excitation oscillator 211 is a circuit for generating a pulse signal having a preset frequency in the period of the separate-excitation mode after power on. As the terminal voltage at the pin terminal No. 5 connected to a timer circuit 212 rises, the frequency of the separate-excitation oscillator 211 lowers.
In the separate-excitation oscillator 211 shown in
In the equation (2), the constant current Ic changes depending on the terminal voltage at the pin terminal No. 5, and the constant current source current Ib and the constant current Ic has a relationship of Ib>Ic.
Next, a configuration wherein the duty ratio in the separate-excitation mode is set at a desired value will be described.
As the duty ratio of the pulse signal (high-voltage-side output) from the terminal of the pin terminal No. 7 of the semiconductor integrated circuit 21 is larger, the preheating current flowing through the filaments 51 and 52 before the lighting of the light-emitting diode 4 becomes larger. To increase the duty ratio in this way, it is necessary to set the duty ratio in the separate-excitation oscillator 211 depending on the frequency of the resonance circuit of the capacitors C5, C6, the coil L1 and the like and the frequency set in the separate-excitation mode.
When the gate width W and the gate length L of the P-channel MOS transistors M6, M7, M8 and M9 of the separate-excitation oscillator 211 shown in
In the separate-excitation oscillator 211, the duty ratio can be set by adjusting the ratio of the gate width of the MOS transistor M8 and that of the MOS transistor M9 and the ratio of the gate width of the MOS transistor M10 and that of the MOS transistor M11 as described above.
[Trigger input circuit 213]
The signal from the high-voltage-side terminal A (the terminal on the opposite side of the ground) of the coil L1 shown in the above-mentioned
As shown in
A noise canceler 213b is provided at the output of the comparator 213a of the trigger input circuit 213, thereby having a configuration wherein when noise is included in the input signal, the noise can be canceled.
A part (1) of
[High-voltage-side dead time generation circuit 216 and low-voltage-side dead time generation circuit 217]
The signal (OUT4) from the separate-excitation/self-excitation selection switch circuit 214 is input to the high-voltage-side dead time generation circuit 216 and the low-voltage-side dead time generation circuit 217. The high-voltage-side dead time generation circuit 216 and the low-voltage-side dead time generation circuit 217 form and output signals wherein a one-side edge (rising or falling) of the input signal waveform is delayed (750 ns).
A part (1) of
On the other hand, the output signal (OUT7) of the low-voltage-side dead time generation circuit 217 is an inversion of the signal (OUT4) from the separate-excitation/self-excitation selection circuit 214 as shown in the part (3) of FIG. 17. Furthermore, the output signal (OUT7) is generated to rise 750 ns later than the falling of the signal of OUT4.
[Narrow pulse generation circuit 215]
A narrow pulse generation circuit 215 is a circuit wherein when the output signal (OUT6) of the high-voltage-side dead time generation circuit 216 is input, a pulse signal having a narrow pulse width is formed in response to the rising and falling of the output signal (OUT6).
In
[Level shift circuit 218]
A level shift circuit 218 is a circuit wherein the signals (OUT8 and OUT9) from the narrow pulse generation circuit 215 are converted into the signals (OUT10 and OUT11) of the high-voltage circuit by the 15 V power source (the terminal voltage as the pin terminal No. 1 of the semiconductor integrated circuit 21 shown in FIG. 9). Parts (4) and (5) of
The signals (OUT10 and OUT11) from the level shift circuit 218 are input to the high-voltage circuit, that is, a high-voltage circuit 234 comprising a high-voltage-side pulse reproduction circuit 219, a high-voltage-side output circuit 230 and the high-voltage-side under-voltage lockout circuit (high-voltage-side UVLO) 231. The minimum potential thereof is determined when the pulse signal shown in the above-mentioned part (4) of
In the level shift circuit 218, resistors R4 and R5 are inserted between each of the drains of the N-channel MOS transistors M4 and M5 and the terminal of the pin terminal No. 8, respectively. The signals from the drains of the MOS transistors M4 and M5 are output as OUT10 and OUT11. When the terminal of the pin terminal No. 8 is 14.3 V at the time when the terminal voltage at the pin terminal No. 6 is 0 V, or when the terminal of the pin terminal No. 8 is 155.3 V at the time when the terminal voltage at the pin terminal No. 6 is 141 V, and when the gates of the MOS transistors M4 and M5 become the H level (15 V), the resistor R4 and the resistor R5 are set at desired values so that the drain voltages of the MOS transistors M4 and M5 can activate the high-voltage-side pulse reproduction circuit 219 of the next stage.
When the terminal of the pin terminal No. 8 is 155.3 V, and when the gates of the MOS transistors M4 and M5 become the H level, the drain currents of the MOS transistors M4 and M5 increase. Therefore, the drain voltages lower significantly. If the current capacities of the MOS transistors M4 and M5 vary on the high side at this time, the voltages lower to nearly 0 V. When a voltage significantly lower than the terminal voltage (141 V) at the pin terminal No. 6, the minimum voltage of the high-voltage-side pulse reproduction circuit 219, is applied to the input terminal of the high-voltage-side pulse reproduction circuit 219 as described above, a large negative voltage is applied to the input circuit of the high-voltage-side pulse reproduction circuit 219. Therefore, in Embodiment 1, as shown in the above-mentioned
[High-voltage-side pulse reproduction circuit 219]
The high-voltage-side pulse reproduction circuit 219 is a circuit wherein a pulse signal (OUT12) having the same timing as that of the output signal (OUT6) of the high-voltage-side dead time generation circuit 216 is reproduced from the signals (OUT10 and OUT11) from the level shift circuit 218. However, the pulse signal (OUT12) generated by the light-voltage-side pulse reproduction circuit 219 differs from the output signal (OUT6) of the high-voltage-side dead time generation circuit 216 in the potential thereof.
The object of the series of operations in the range from the narrow pulse generation circuit 215 to the high-voltage-side pulse reproduction circuit 219 is to reduce a time-average current flowing through the level shift circuit 218 to which a high voltage is applied, thereby to reduce power consumption.
In the high-voltage-side output circuit 230, the output current at the terminal of the pin terminal No. 7 is increased, and in a low-voltage-side output circuit 233, the output current at the terminal of the pin terminal No. 4 is increased.
A 16 V zener diode is connected between the terminal (Vcc) of the pin terminal No. 1 and the terminal of the pin terminal No. 3 (GND), and its purpose is to prevent a voltage of 16 V or more from applying to the terminal of the pin terminal No. 1. When the terminal voltage at the terminal of pin terminal No. 1 is used as 16 V, the zener diode Z1 of the drive-signal generation circuit 20 of
As described above, in the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of Embodiment 1 in accordance with the present invention, the power source circuit portion 3 thereof comprises the DC-voltage generation circuit 10, the drive-signal generation circuit 20 an the drive control circuit 30. Therefore, the power source circuit portion of the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of Embodiment 1 has a significantly smaller mounting area and is made lighter than that of the conventional bulb-type fluorescent lamp. For this reason, the bulb-type fluorescent lamp, that is, Embodiment 1 of the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention, can be used in place with incandescent lamps used at various locations as lighting fixtures, without limitations in size and weight, whereby the present invention can provide a lighting fixture that can be used at various locations and can require less power consumption.
The fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of Embodiment 1 in accordance with the present invention eliminates the need for a transformer coil that has been used for the conventional bulb-type fluorescent lamp. Therefore, the mounting space for the power source circuit portion can be reduced significantly, and the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus can be made smaller significantly.
As described above, the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of Embodiment 1 in accordance with the present invention comprises fewer number of components by using the semiconductor integrated circuit. Therefore, the device is excellent in the rising characteristic, takes shorter time from power on to lighting, thereby having an effect of becoming bright instantaneously.
The fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of Embodiment 1 in accordance with the present invention is configured so as to be highly resistant against power source fluctuation. In the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of Embodiment 1, the power source is connected only to the resistor (R2) and the drain of the power MOS transistor (M1), whereby when the resistor (R2) is small to a certain extent, the zener diode Z1 and the capacitor C1 operate stably. Therefore, no fluctuation occurs at the terminal voltage (Vcc) at the pin terminal No. 1 of the semiconductor integrated circuit. Although the power source voltage in the above-mentioned Embodiment 1 is 14 V, even in the case where the power source voltage is 100 V AC, it is obvious that the configuration is also highly resistivity against power source fluctuation.
Embodiment 2, an embodiment of a fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention, will be described below referring to the accompanying drawings. Embodiment 2 is configured so that the temperature characteristic of the timer circuit 212 in the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of the above-mentioned Embodiment 1 can be changed. Therefore, the configuration of the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 2 is substantially the same as that of the above-mentioned Embodiment 1 except for the timer circuit; thus, the descriptions and numeral codes of Embodiment 1 are also applied to the configurations other than the timer circuit, and their descriptions are omitted.
In a generally-used bulb-type fluorescent lamp, the preheating time for the filaments 51 and 52 is required to be made longer as the outside-air temperature lowers. In the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 2, the separate-excitation time becomes longer as the temperature lowers in order to extend the preheating time for the filaments 51 and 52.
The timer circuit 212a of Embodiment 2 is a circuit for setting the time of switching from the separate-excitation mode to the self-excitation mode after power is on, just as in the case of the above-mentioned Embodiment 1. At the time of power on, the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor C7 is initialized to 0 V by the MOS transistor M3 of the timer circuit 212a. When the lockout is released at the low-voltage-side under-voltage lockout circuit 232, the capacitor C7 is charged with a constant current 1a. When the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor C7 reaches a predetermined setting voltage Va, the output (OUT1) of the timer circuit 212a is switched from the L level (LOW) to the H level (HIGH).
As shown in
The timer circuit 212a of Example 2 uses the plural diodes Da, Db and Dc to form the setting voltage Va, whereby the fluctuation in the setting voltage Va depending on the power source voltage fluctuation of the semiconductor integrated circuit can be reduced. As a result, the fluctuation in the timer time set by the timer circuit 212a can also be suppressed small. However, in this case, it is affected by the fluctuation portion of the constant current Ia; therefore,, the above is applicable when the fluctuation in this portion has been suppressed sufficiently.
As the insertion points of the diodes Da, Db and Dc, when the constant current Ia increases at low temperature, the plural diodes are connected in series between the resistors Ra and Rb for determining the setting voltage Va as described above, whereby the fluctuation in the timer time because of the fluctuation in the temperature characteristic of the constant current Ia can be canceled.
On the other hand, when the constant current Ia decreases at low temperature, a countermeasure can be taken by connecting plural diodes in series between the power source side with respect to the setting voltage Va and the resistor Ra.
The setting voltage of the timer circuit 212a of Embodiment 2 is provided with hysteresis between the value at the time when the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor C7 rises and the value at the time when the voltage lowers, thereby being set to have different voltages.
Embodiment 3, an embodiment of a fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention, will be described below referring to the accompanying drawings. Embodiment 3 is obtained by changing the method of frequency sweeping in the separate-excitation oscillator 211 in the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of the above-mentioned Embodiment 1. Therefore, the configuration of the bulb-type fluorescent lamp, an example of the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of Embodiment 3, is substantially the same as that of the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of the above-mentioned Embodiment 1; thus, the descriptions of the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 1 are also applied, and the same numeral codes are used in the following description.
The upper graph of a part of
The preheating current until the time of lighting can be increased in the case where the changing width of the frequency is decreased as the frequency becomes lower with the passage of time as shown in the part (b) of
A part (a) of
Next, another sweeping method in the separate-excitation mode will be described. This example is a configuration wherein a preheating current is flown securely for a long time at a filament voltage not lighting the light-emitting tube so that the lighting time from the power on to lighting is almost unchanged and substantially constant. A method of sweeping the frequency in the sequence-excitation mode in this example is shown in a part (c) of FIG. 21.
The upper graph of the part (c) of
A part (b) of
Next, still another sweeping method in the separate-excitation mode will be described. This example is shown by a concrete circuit configuration in FIG. 23.
In the bulb-type fluorescent lamp having the semiconductor integrated circuit 21a shown in
Embodiment 4, an embodiment of a fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention, will be described below referring to the accompanying drawings. Embodiment 4 is configured so that the setting of the temperature characteristic of the frequency in the separate-excitation mode of the separate-excitation oscillator 211 in the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of the above-mentioned Example 1 can be changed. The separate-excitation oscillator of Embodiment 4 is used to set the temperature characteristic of the frequency in the separate-excitation mode at a proper condition, thereby to configure a fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus capable of securely carrying out lighting regardless of ambient temperature.
As shown in
On the other hand, when the frequency is shifted upward at low temperature, the diodes are connected between the point at which the lower reference voltage Vc is specified and ground, or between the power source and the point at which the upper reference voltage Vb is specified.
With the above-mentioned configuration, in the separate-excitation oscillator in the bulb-type fluorescent lamp, the temperature characteristic of the frequency in the separate-excitation mode can be adjusted to a desired proper condition.
Embodiment 5, an embodiment of a fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention, will be described below referring to the accompanying drawings. A bulb-type fluorescent lamp in accordance with Embodiment 5 is configured so that when fluorescent lamp lighting in the separate-excitation mode ended in failure, the voltage applied across the filaments of the fluorescent lamp in the self-excitation mode is made larger to facilitate lighting in a short time. Furthermore, the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 5 is configured so that the resonance frequency and the power configuration in the self-excitation mode can be adjusted. Since the configuration of the bulb-type fluorescent lamp, an example of the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of Embodiment 5, is substantially the same as the that of the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of the above-mentioned Embodiment 1 except for the separate-excitation oscillator, the descriptions of the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 1 are also applied, and the same numeral codes are used in the following descriptions.
[Phase setting of feedback loop in self-excitation mode]
In the self-excitation mode, the filament voltage of the light-emitting tube is input from the high-voltage-side terminal (the terminal opposite to ground) of the terminals of the coil L1 to the terminal (IN terminal) of the pin terminal No. 2 of the semiconductor integrated circuit 21 via the resistor R3 as shown in FIG. 2. In this way, the filament voltage is input to the drive-signal generation circuit 20 to carry out feedback control in the drive control circuit 30. The phase of the voltage across the terminals of the coil L1 advances ahead of that of the current flowing through the coil L1 by 90°. The phase of the voltage across the terminals of the coil L1 advances in the feedback loop from the terminal of the coil L1 to the source (the terminal of the pin terminal No. 6) of the power MOS transistor M1 by the amount obtained by subtracting the amount of delay in the semiconductor integrated circuit 21 (the amount of delay from the terminal of the pin terminal No. 2 to the terminal of the pin terminal No. 4, or the amount of delay from the terminal of the pin terminal No. 2 to the terminal of the pin terminal No. 7).
Next, the case when lighting ended in failure in the separate-excitation mode in the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 5 will be described.
[Phase temperature characteristic setting of feedback loop in self-excitation mode]
Next, the phase temperature characteristic setting of the feedback loop in the self-excitation mode will be described.
In a fluorescent lamp, the voltage across the filaments required for lighting becomes larger as the temperature lowers. For this reason, in preparation for the case when the lighting of the fluorescent lamp in the separate-excitation mode ends in failure, it is necessary to use a configuration wherein a larger voltage is applied across the filaments (across the terminals of C6) in the self-excitation mode as the temperature lowers.
The bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 5 is configured so that the current |I| is increased by increasing the amount of delay in the semiconductor integrated circuit 21 as the temperature lowers, and so that a large voltage is applied across the terminals of the filaments (across the terminals of C6) until lighting is attained.
As described in the above-mentioned Embodiment 2, the voltage across the terminals of a diode is characterized to usually become larger as the temperature lowers. Therefore, by using a diode, the rate of phase advance in the feedback loop is decreased (the amount of delay in the semiconductor integrated circuit is increased) as the temperature lowers, thereby to apply a large voltage across the filaments (across the terminals of C6).
As the current source current Id becomes smaller at low temperature, the currents Ie, If and Ig in
Therefore, in the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 5, the rate of phase advance in the feedback loop is decreased as the temperature lowers, and a large voltage is applied across the filaments (across the terminals of C6), whereby lighting is securely attained in a short time in the self-excitation mode even at low temperature.
By providing the delay circuit shown in
Embodiment 6, an embodiment of a fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention, will be described below. The bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 6 is not provided with the trigger input circuit 213 (
In Embodiment 6, the resonance frequency determined by the capacitors C5, C6 and the coil L1 of the drive control circuit 30 before lighting is assumed to be f0, and the resonance frequency determined by the capacitors C5, C6 and the coil L1 of the drive control circuit 30 and the impedance across the filaments of the fluorescent lamp after lighting is assumed to be f1 (f1<f0). The relationship between the frequency and the current |I| flowing through the filaments has such a convex characteristic curve as shown in the above-mentioned
The bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 6 is configured so that the accurate resonance frequency f1 is output continuously from the separate-excitation oscillator. Therefore, even when lighting is not attained at the time of the frequency sweep operation in the above-mentioned separate-excitation mode, a large voltage is continuously applied across the filaments even after time t1, whereby the fluorescent lamp lights securely.
Embodiment 7, an embodiment of a fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention, will be described below. The bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 7 is not provided with the trigger input circuit 213 (
The configuration of the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 7 is the same as that of bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 1 shown in the above-mentioned
The frequencies output from the separate-excitation oscillator of Embodiment 7 are the fixed frequency f1 and the resonance frequency determined by the capacitors C5, C6, the coil L1 and the impedance across the filaments of the fluorescent lamp after lighting.
As shown in
As shown in
In the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 7, until a predetermined time passes after power on and the timer circuit 212d is switched, an L-level signal is output from the timer terminal (pin terminal No. 2). After the timer circuit is switched, an H-level signal is output from the timer terminal (pin terminal No. 2).
In the bulb-type fluorescent lamp shown in
The MOS transistor M30 becomes a closed state by the signal from the timer circuit 212d when a predetermined time has passed after power on. When a short-circuit occurs across the terminals of the capacitor C9, the MOS transistor M30 shifts to the characteristic curve shown in the solid line of FIG. 36. As a result, the current |I| flowing through the LC resonance circuit of the drive control circuit 30d at the fixed frequency f1 increases, and the fluorescent lamp lights.
In Embodiment 7, the output frequency of the separate excitation oscillator 211d is fixed at the resonance frequency f1 in the closed state of the MOS transistor M30. Therefore, the voltage applied across the filaments of the light-emitting tube is larger when the MS transistor M30 is closed than when it is open.
In Embodiment 7, the light-emitting tube is set not to light at the voltage across the filaments applied when the MOS transistor M30 is in the open state. Furthermore, the light-emitting tube is set to light without fail at the voltage across the filaments applied when the MOS transistor M30 is in the closed state. Therefore, when the MOS transistor M30 is in the open state, a preheating current securely flows through the filaments.
Since the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 7 is configured as described above, the preheating current flows constantly during the predetermined time after power on, and the MOS transistor M30 is switched by the signal from the timer circuit 212d. Simultaneously with the switching, the preheating of the filaments ends, and the light-emitting tube used as a fluorescent lamp lights.
A bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 8, an embodiment of a fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention, will be described below. The bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 8 is configured so that the output frequency of the separate-excitation oscillator is fixed, and so that the duty ratio increases when the voltage at the timer terminal of the pin terminal No. 5 of the semiconductor integrated circuit becomes higher.
Since the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 8 is configured as described above, it has the effect of carrying out preheating sufficiently without performing frequency modulations.
As another example of Embodiment 8, the light-emitting tube may be lit by raising the voltage across the filaments by using a system for making a selection between a duty ratio of 20% (the duty ratio for not attaining lighting) during preheating and a duty ratio of 50% (the duty ratio for attaining lighting) after preheating, for example.
Furthermore, as still another example of the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 8, even a system, wherein a separate-excitation oscillator is used as a trigger circuit for causing LC oscillation at the time of power on, and the duty ratio is swept (or selected between two stages) in the full self-excitation mode, can light the fluorescent lamp by raising the voltage across the filaments.
A bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 9, an embodiment of a fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention, will be described below.
The bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 9 has a configuration wherein a delay circuit, the delay amount of which changes depending on the timer terminal voltage of the semiconductor integrated circuit, is provided at the output of the trigger input circuit in the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of the above-mentioned Embodiment 1. Furthermore, in Embodiment 9, the separate-excitation oscillator is used as a trigger generation circuit for causing LC oscillation momentarily at the time of power on.
The bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 9 has a system wherein phase sweep is performed in the full self-excitation mode to light the fluorescent lamp. The lighting system by using the phase sweep will be described below.
The separate-excitation oscillator in Example 9 outputs a trigger signal for causing LC oscillation momentarily at the time of power on. Therefore, the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 9 has a configuration wherein in the feedback loop from the terminal of the coil L1 to the gates of the power MOS transistors M1 and M2, the phase is swept in a delaying direction for a constant period after power on.
In the range wherein the phase delay in the above-mentioned feedback loop is less than 90° (in the range wherein the phase of the voltage at the terminal of the coil L1 advances ahead of that of the current, and the advanced phase is not canceled up to 0° at the end of the feedback loop), the preheating current flowing through the filaments before lighting increases as the phase of the feedback loop delays. Furthermore, the voltage applied across the filaments also increases.
Therefore, the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 9 can be obtained when a system, similar to that used in the case where the frequency is swept in the separate-excitation mode, performs phase sweep in the full self-excitation mode.
A signal being switched at short time intervals (100 msec, for example) after power on is output from the timer circuit. The reference voltage Va in the timer circuit is set low. In Embodiment 9, after the timer terminal voltage exceeds the reference voltage Va, the amount of delay increases as the timer terminal voltage rises.
In Embodiment 9, the separate-excitation oscillator is configured to output a fixed frequency as shown in
In the above-mentioned Embodiment 9, an example wherein the delay circuit 251 is provided at the output of the trigger input circuit is described. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration, it may be possible to use a configuration wherein a delay circuit is provided at the output of the separate-excitation/self-excitation selection switch circuit, and the amount of delay changes depending on the timer terminal voltage of the semiconductor integrated circuit.
Furthermore, it may be possible to use a system configuration so that a non-lighting phase is set at the time of preheating and a lighting phase is selected after preheating, as a system wherein phase sweep is performed in the full self-excitation mode to light the light-emitting tube used as a fluorescent lamp.
The IC used in the above-mentioned embodiments is a component mountable in an 8-pin DIP or SMD package generally used for monolithic ICs. Therefore, it can be used in such a restricted space as found near the base portion of the bulb-type fluorescent lamp, thereby being best suited to obtain a compact fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus.
A bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 10, an embodiment of a fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention, will be described below by using the accompanying
The bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 10 is configured by adding a pin (pin terminal No. 9) to the semiconductor integrated circuit 21 in the bulb-type fluorescent-lamp of the above-mentioned Embodiment 1. Furthermore, Embodiment 10 has a configuration wherein a delay circuit is connected to the output of the trigger input circuit 213 or the output of the separate-excitation/self-excitation selection switch circuit 214 shown in
In Embodiment 10, the delay amount of the delay circuit 500 can be controlled by the signal input to the pin terminal No. 9 of the semiconductor integrated circuit 21. The output signal from the trigger input circuit 213 or the separate-excitation/self-excitation selection switch circuit 214 is input to the delay circuit 500. The signal input from the trigger input circuit 213 or the separate-excitation/self-excitation selection switch circuit 214 is delayed by the delay circuit 500 and output to the next stage. The delay amount obtained at this time is controlled by the signal input to the pin terminal No. 9 of the semiconductor integrated circuit 21.
As shown in
In Embodiment 10, when the phase is advanced from the reference setting, the light-emitting tube 4 becomes dark, and when the phase is delayed from the reference setting, the light-emitting tube 4 becomes bright. In this way, the light of the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 10 can be adjusted to desired brightness.
A bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 11, an embodiment of a fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention, will be described below by using the accompanying
The bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 11 has a configuration wherein the frequency of the separate-excitation oscillator can be controlled after the light-emitting tube is lit.
When the voltage at the pin terminal No. 2 is made larger than the reference voltage of the initial setting after the light-emitting tube 4 of Embodiment 11 is lit, the frequency of the separate-excitation oscillator 511 is lowered. Conversely, when the voltage at the pin terminal No. 2 is made smaller than the reference voltage of the initial setting, the frequency of the separate-excitation oscillator 511 is raised. Therefore, when the separate-excitation frequency is made close to the resonance frequency of the LC resonance circuit at the time of lighting by changing the voltage at the pin terminal No. 2, the light-emitting tube 4 becomes bright, and when the frequency is made away from the resonance frequency, the light-emitting tube 4 becomes dark. In this way, the light of the bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 11 can be adjusted.
After the light-emitting tube is lit, by making the value of the variable resistor R9 connected to the terminal of the pin terminal No. 2 smaller than the initial setting, the frequency of the separate-excitation oscillator 611 is lowered. Conversely, by making the value of the variable resistor R9 larger than the initial setting, the frequency of the separate-excitation oscillator 611 is raised.
Therefore, in the case of the semiconductor integrated circuit 21a of Embodiment 11 shown in
A bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 12, an embodiment of a fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention, will be described below by using the accompanying
The bulb-type fluorescent lamp of Embodiment 12 has a configuration wherein the output duty of the separate-excitation oscillator can be controlled after the light-emitting tube is lit.
In Embodiment 12, by making the voltage of the pin terminal No. 2 of the semiconductor integrated circuit larger than the reference voltage of the initial setting after the light-emitting tube 4 is lit, the output duty (OUT2) of the separate-excitation oscillator 711 becomes large. Conversely, by making the voltage of the pin terminal No. 2 smaller than the reference voltage of the initial setting, the output duty (OUT2) of the separate-excitation oscillator 711 becomes small. In Embodiment 12, by increasing the output duty of the separate-excitation oscillator 711, the light-emitting tube 4 becomes bright. Conversely, by decreasing the output duty of the separate-excitation oscillator 711, the light-emitting tube 4 becomes dark.
Therefore, in the case of the semiconductor integrated circuit of Embodiment 12 shown in
As described above, in the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of the present invention, the power source circuit portion thereof has the DC-voltage generation circuit, the drive-signal generation circuit and the drive control circuit, and is provided with the semiconductor integrated circuit, thereby emitting the need for a transformer coil. Therefore, in the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of the present invention, the mounting area of the power source circuit portion is decreased significantly, and the number of components is reduced.
In addition, since the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of the present invention is configured just as in the case of the above-mentioned embodiments, the voltage applied to the filaments becomes large, and the rising characteristic of the fluorescent lamp is excellent, whereby lighting can be attained securely in a short time.
Furthermore, the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of the present invention can securely light the fluorescent lamp in a predetermined constant lighting time (time from power on to lighting).
Moreover, as indicated in the above-mentioned embodiments, in the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of the present invention, the portions connected to the power source are only the resistor and the drain of the power MOS transistor, and when the resistor has a small resistance value to some extent, the power source terminal voltage (Vcc) of the semiconductor integrated circuit does not change. Therefore, in the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of the present invention, even when the input power source voltage changes, the fluorescent lamp is lit securely, and no fluctuation occurs in the lighting state of the fluorescent lamp.
In addition, in the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of the present invention, the preheating time at the time of lighting can be secured sufficiently. And in the present invention, the number of components can be reduced significantly by using a one-chip IC including an oscillator for carrying out control to attain a level not causing stress to the filaments of the light-emitting tube, whereby the mounting area can be made smaller, and a constant luminous flux can be maintained immediately after lighting.
Furthermore, the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of the present invention is configured so that the preheating time for preheating the filaments of the light-emitting tube is made longer when the ambient temperature is low, and so that the preheating time at the time of re-lighting is made shorter when the ambient temperature immediately after the light-emitting tube turning is turned off or the like is high. Therefore, the service life of the light-emitting tube is made longer than those of conventional tubes. Besides, since the filaments are sufficiently heated by the separate-excitation oscillation control, the luminous flux can be maintained constant immediately after the light-emitting tube is lit.
Moreover, since the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of the present invention carries out self-excitation control when the light-emitting tube is lit and being lit, even if lighting is turned off because of the fluctuation in commercial power, re-lighting can be attained momentarily.
In addition, since the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of the present invention has a one-chip monolithic IC capable of directly driving switching devices having a half-bridge configuration, no current transformer is necessary, the number of components is reduced significantly, and the weight is decreased.
Furthermore, in the fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus of the present invention, the brightness of the light-emitting tubes can be adjusted as desired on the basis of commands and the like provided externally.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of the presently preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that such disclosure is not to be interpreted as limiting. Various alterations and modifications will no doubt become apparent to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains, after having read the above disclosure. Accordingly, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as covering all alterations and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10-374974 | Dec 1998 | JP | national |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 09454135 | Dec 1999 | US |
Child | 10654857 | US |