CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
Applicant hereby claims foreign priority benefits under U.S.C. § 119 from German Patent Application No. DE 102015110115.7 filed on Jun. 24, 2015, the content of which is incorporated by reference herein.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to an apparatus for machining a workpiece having at least two machining elements and a revolving belt for moving the machining elements relative to a workpiece to be machined.
BACKGROUND
From document EP 1 910 024 B1 an apparatus for machining a strip or plate-shaped metal workpiece is known. The known apparatus comprises at least one revolving conveyor device provided with machining elements. The conveyor device directs the machining elements at least approximately linearly in the region of the workpiece to be machined such that they pass the workpiece at an angle or transverse to the feed direction of the workpiece.
In the known apparatus each machining element is screwed to the V-belt of the conveyor device by means of an attachment screw. This is disadvantageous in that the screw connection can only be released with the aid of a tool. Therefore replacing the machining elements is rather cumbersome.
Based on the known state of the art it is an object of the invention to indicate an apparatus and a machining element for machining a workpiece which allow for a replacement of the machining element in a simple and quick manner as well as for a rotationally fixed attachment of the machining element to the belt.
SUMMARY
This object is solved by an apparatus for machining a workpiece, with at least two machining elements, with a rotating belt for moving the machining elements relative to a workpiece to be machined; wherein the machining elements each comprise a main body and a first connecting element connected to the main body, which first connecting element is connectable to a second connecting element which is complementary to the first connecting element and connected to the belt, wherein the first connecting element comprises a rotary body and the second connecting element comprises a connection area for connection with the rotary body, wherein when the rotary body is rotated in a first rotary direction (R1) a connection of the rotary body with the connection area is established, wherein the rotary body is separated from the connection area when the rotary body is rotated in a second rotary direction (R2) opposed to the first rotary direction (R1), and wherein the rotary body is arranged relative to the main body and connected to the latter in such a manner that during machining of the workpiece a resulting force is exerted on the rotary body via the main body, which provides a torque for a rotation of the rotary body in the first rotary direction (R1), and a machining element, with a main body and a first connecting element connected to the main body which first connecting element is connectable to a second connecting element of the apparatus complementary to the first connecting element, wherein the first connecting element comprises a rotary body which is connectable to a connection area of the second connecting element of the apparatus, wherein when the rotary body is rotated in a first rotary direction (R1) the rotary body is connected to the connection area, wherein when the rotary body is rotated in the second rotary direction (R2) opposed to the first rotary direction (R1) the rotary body is separated from the connection area, and wherein the rotary body is arranged relative to the main body and connected with the latter in such a manner that during a predetermined relative movement for machining a workpiece a resulting force is exerted on the rotary body via the main body which force provides a torque for rotating the rotary body in the first rotary direction (R1).
By means of an apparatus having the features described above a simple and quick replacement of the machining elements, which are also denoted as treating elements or working elements, and at the same time a rotationally fixed attachment of the machining elements to the belt are achieved, as in particular the machining elements each comprise a main body and a first connecting element connected to the main body, which first connecting element is connectable to a second connecting element which is connected to the belt and is complementary to the first connecting element. The first connecting element comprises a rotary body, and the second connecting element has a connection area for connection with the rotary body. Hereby, when the rotary body is rotated in a first rotary direction, a connection of the rotary body with the connection area is established. Further, when the rotary body is rotated in a second rotary direction opposed to the first rotary direction, the rotary body is disconnected from the connection area. The rotary body is arranged relative to the main body and connected to it in such a manner that during machining of the workpiece a resulting force is exerted via the main body onto the rotary body which provides a torque for a rotation of the rotary body in the first rotary direction. Thus the machining elements can be replaced quickly and easily and at the same time they can be connected to the belt in a rotationally fixed manner. Due to the torque the rotary body is prevented from leaving its connected state while the workpiece is being machined.
Preferably the torque remains generally constant during the machining of the workpiece. Thus the connected state of the rotary body can be securely maintained during the machining process.
Preferably the rotary body is rotated in the first rotary direction and in the second rotary direction about a rotary axis wherein the rotary axis is perpendicular to the surface of the belt. Thus the rotary body can be rotated parallel to the surface of the belt in order to connect the rotary body with the connection area or to separate it from the connection area, respectively.
Preferably the rotary body and the main body are formed together as one piece. Hereby an undesired rotation of the main body relative to the rotary body during the machining process can be prevented.
Preferably the rotary body is arranged asymmetrically relative to the longitudinal side of the main body and/or relative to the transverse side of the main body on a bottom side of the main body facing the second connecting element. Hereby the forces acting on the surface of the main body during the machining process, and in particular during a grinding process, result in a resulting force on the rotary body which provides the torque.
Preferably a first distance between the rotary body and a front edge of the main body with respect to the grinding direction is smaller than a second distance between the rotary body and a rear edge of the main body with respect to the grinding direction. Further, a third distance between the rotary body and a front edge of the main body with respect to a feeding direction can be smaller than a fourth distance between the rotary body and a rear edge of the main body with respect to the feeding direction. Thus the rotary body can be provided in a front area of the main body with respect to the grinding and feeding directions.
Preferably the first distance measures between 35 and 45 mm. Further, the second distance measures between 20 and 30 mm. Hereby a suitable value for the resulting force on the rotary body can be pre-adjusted.
Preferably the connection area is formed by a recess in the second connecting element. Thus the connection area can be provided in a relatively simple manner.
Preferably the side wall of the recess is inclined in a direction towards the inside of the recess. Hereby the rotary body can be securely received by the recess.
Preferably the apparatus comprises a transport device for generating a relative movement between the workpiece to be machined and the machining elements. Thus the workpiece can be moved in a feed direction to be machined by means of the machining elements.
Preferably the belt is formed such that the machining elements are moved in the area of the workpiece to be machined in a first translatory direction of movement. Further, the transport device is designed such that the workpiece is moved in a second translatory direction of movement. In this case, an angle between the first translatory direction of movement and the second translatory direction of movement is different than 0° and 180°. Thus the first and second translatory directions of movement can have any orientation relative to each other with the exception of a parallel or antiparallel orientation.
Preferably the angle between the first translatory direction of movement and the second translatory direction of movement is 90°. Thus the first and second translatory directions of movement can be directed perpendicularly towards each other. In particular the first translatory direction of movement corresponds to the grinding direction while the second translatory direction of movement corresponds to the feed direction.
Preferably the second connecting element and the belt are connected with each other in the central area of the belt by means of a screw. Hereby the second connecting element can be attached securely to the belt.
Preferably the second connecting element is supported in a rotationally fixed manner relative to the belt by means of two studs. Preferably the screw and the two studs are arranged in a line perpendicular to the grinding direction. Further the two studs are arranged in a peripheral area of the belt on two opposite sides of the connection area. Hereby contortion of the second connecting element relative to the belt during the machining process can be avoided.
Preferably the machining elements are arranged in such a manner spaced from each other that during a rotation of the rotary body in the first rotary direction or in the second rotary direction, respectively, the main body is freely rotatable about a rotary angle in particular within a rotary angle range from 25° to 120°, for example within a rotary angle range from 35° to 95°. Hereby a sufficient distance between the machining elements can be provided so that each of them can be replaced separately.
Preferably the main body is in a mounted state after connection of the rotary body with the connection area. Further, after separating the rotary body from the connection area the main body is in an unmounted state. Further, the first connecting element and the second connecting element can be connected without screws and are designed such that a change between the mounted state and the unmounted state of the main body is effected manually. Hereby a quick-change system for the single machining elements can be obtained.
Preferably the belt is a V-belt which is turned about two pulleys and guided endlessly. Hereby a secure guiding of the machining elements arranged on the belt can be achieved.
Preferably the machining elements each comprise a grinding tool, a brush tool, or a polishing tool for grinding, brushing, or polishing, respectively, the surface of the workpiece. Thus the machining elements can in particular be intended for a grinding process.
According to a further aspect of the invention a machining element for use in an apparatus as described in the foregoing is provided. The machining element comprises a main body and a first connecting element connected to the main body which first connecting element is connectable to a second connecting element of the apparatus which is complementary to the first connecting element. The first connecting element comprises a rotary body which is connectable to a connection area of the second connecting element of the apparatus. When the rotary body is rotated in a first rotary direction, the rotary body is connected to the connection area. When the rotary body is rotated in a second rotary direction opposed to the first rotary direction, the rotary body is separated from the connection area. The rotary body is arranged relative to the main body and connected to it in such a manner that during a predetermined relative movement for machining a workpiece a resulting force is exerted on the rotary body via the main body which provides s a torque for a rotation of the rotary body in the first rotary direction.
Further features and advantages of the invention can be gathered from the following description which explains the invention by means of embodiments in connection with the attached drawing figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an apparatus for machining a workpiece according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic top view of the apparatus for machining a workpiece according to FIG. 1;
FIG. 3a shows a sectional view along cutting line A-A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 3b shows an enlarged view of an area of the sectional view depicted in FIG. 3a;
FIG. 4a shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a machining element of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 with a main body, a first connecting element and a rotary body, as well as a second connecting element with a connection area;
FIG. 4b shows a schematic cross sectional view of a machining element of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 with the main body, the first connecting element, and the rotary body, as well as the second connecting element and the connection area;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic bottom view of a machining element of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 with the second connecting element;
FIG. 6 shows a schematic perspective view of the machining element shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b, respectively, depicting the contours of the rotary body;
FIG. 7 shows a schematic perspective view of the second connecting element shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b, respectively, depicting the connection area; and
FIG. 8 shows a schematic bottom view of the second connecting element shown in FIG. 7.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an apparatus 10 for machining a workpiece 12 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the apparatus 10 comprises several machining elements 14a, 14b arranged on a revolving belt 16. The belt 16 is turned about two pulleys 18a, 18b and guided in an endless manner. The direction of rotation is indicated in FIG. 1 in a schematic manner by arrow P3. The belt 16 may e.g. be a triple V-belt. The machining elements 14a, 14b are moved relative to the workpiece 12 with the aid of the belt 16. In particular the machining elements 14a, 14b are moved in the area of the workpiece 12 to be machined in a first direction of movement P1 also denoted as grinding direction. Moreover the apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a transport device (not shown) which serves to move the workpiece 12 in a second direction of movement P2 also denoted as feed direction. The transport device is for example a suitable transport table. By means of the relative movement between the workpiece 12 and the machining elements 14a, 14b the machining process, e.g. the grinding process for grinding the surface of the workpiece 12 to be machined, can be carried out.
As shown schematically in FIG. 1 the grinding direction P1 corresponds to a direction of a first translatory movement, while the feed direction P2 corresponds to a direction of a second translatory movement. In the embodiment of FIG. 1 the directions of the first and second translatory movements are perpendicular towards each other. In other embodiments the directions of the first and second translatory movements can form any desired angle other than 0° and 180°. Thus the machining elements 14a, 14b can be moved in a direction at an angle or transverse to the feed direction P2 of the workpiece 12.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic top view of the apparatus 10 for machining the workpiece 12 according to FIG. 1. In the top view of FIG. 2 the arrangement of the belt 16 with the machining elements 14a, 14b relative to the workpiece 12 which is moved in the feed direction P2 is clearly visible. Further, in FIG. 2 a cutting line A-A is depicted which extends along the center area of the belt 16 through the machining elements 14a, 14b. The machining elements 14a, 14b shown in FIG. 2 are described in greater detail in the following with reference to FIGS. 3a and 3b.
FIG. 3a shows a sectional view along the cutting line A-A in FIG. 2. In FIG. 3a in particular the internal structure of the belt 16 and the pulleys 18a, 18b is shown. Further, in FIG. 3a the attachment of the machining elements 14a, 14b to the belt 16 is depicted schematically. The machining elements 14a, 14b in the area Z shown in FIG. 3a are enlarged in the depiction of FIG. 3b.
FIG. 3b shows an enlarged depiction of the area Z of the sectional view according to FIG. 3a. As can be seen in FIG. 3b the machining elements 14a, 14b each comprise a main body 20a, 20b and a first connecting element 22a, 22b connected to the main body 20a, 20b. Further according to FIG. 3b a second connecting element 24a, 24b is provided which is connected to the belt 16 via a screw 30a, 30b. As schematically shown in FIG. 3b, the second connecting element 24a, 24b is complementary to the first connecting element 22a, 22b. With the aid of the first and second connecting elements 22a, 22b and 24a, 24b, respectively, the machining elements 14a, 14b can be attached to the belt 16.
Moreover, FIG. 3b shows that the machining elements 14a, 14b each comprise a tool, preferably a grinding tool 32a, 32b, and a retaining element 34a, 34b for retaining the respective grinding tool 32a, 32b. The retaining element 34a, 34b and the grinding tool 32a, 32b together form the main body 20a, 20b of the machining elements 14a, 14b. Moreover, the grinding tool 32a, 32b is fixedly connected to the respective retaining element 34a, 34b. The grinding tool 32a, 32b serves to grind the surface of the workpiece 12 to be machined. Moreover, the grinding tool 32a, 32b comprises e.g. abrasive paper or abrasive fabrics.
Instead of the grinding tool 32a, 32b the machining elements 14a, 14b can also each comprise a brushing tool or a polishing tool. In this case the brushing tool or polishing tool serves to brush or polish, respectively, the surface of the workpiece 12.
According to FIG. 3b the first connecting element 22a, 22b of the machining elements 14a, 14b comprises a rotary body 26a, 26b. Moreover, according to FIG. 3b the second connecting element 24a, 24b has a connection area 28a, 28b for connection with the rotary body 26a, 26b.
As schematically shown in FIG. 3b the distance between two neighboring machining elements 14a, 14b is big enough so that the main body 20a, 20b is freely rotatable in a rotary direction parallel to the surface of the belt 16 when the rotary body 26a, 26b is rotating. In particular the main body is freely rotatable over a rotary angle within a rotary angle range from 25° to 120°, e.g. within an rotary angle range from 35° to 95°. This means that the two neighboring machining elements 14a, 14b do not touch each other during rotation of their respective rotary bodies 26a, 26b and that they can therefore be replaced individually.
The following explanations refer to the components which are assigned to one of the machining elements. For the components which are assigned to another machining element these explanations apply in an analogous manner.
FIG. 4a shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a machining element 14a of the apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 with the main body 20a, the connecting element 22a and the rotary body 26a. Moreover, in FIG. 4a the second connecting element 24a with the connection area 28a and the components 16 and 30a are shown. In the longitudinal sectional view of FIG. 4a the asymmetric arrangement of the rotary body 26a relative to the longitudinal side of the main body 20a is clearly shown. The grinding direction P1 is parallel to the longitudinal side of the main body 20a.
According to FIG. 4a the rotary body 26a is arranged asymmetrically relative to the longitudinal side of the main body 20a on a bottom side 38 of the main body 20a facing the second connecting element 24a. Moreover, a first distance L1 between the rotary body 26a and a front edge 40 of the main body 20a with respect to the grinding direction P1 is smaller than a second distance L2 between the rotary body 26a and a rear edge 42 of the main body 20 with respect to the grinding direction P1. In FIG. 4a the first and second distances L1 and L2 relate to a rotary axis R of the rotary body 26a. As shown in FIG. 4a, the screw 30a extends through the second connecting element 24a into a recess formed by the rotary body 26a. This recess is located near the central axis Q of the screw 30a.
FIG. 4b shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a machining element 14a of the apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 with the main body 20a, the first connecting element 22a, and the rotary body 26a. Moreover, in FIG. 4b the second connecting element 24a with the connection area 28a as well as the components 16 and 30a are shown. The transverse side of the main body 20a is perpendicular to the grinding direction P1 shown in FIG. 1. In the cross-sectional view of FIG. 4b the structure of the triple V-belt 16 is clearly shown. In the center area of the belt 16 the second connecting element 24a and the belt 16 are connected to each other via the screw 30a. In particular the center area of the belt 16 is central with regard to the transverse extension of the belt 16. As shown in FIG. 4b, the distance S3 between the center axis Q of the screw 30a and the front edge 41 of the main body 20a with respect to the feed direction P2 equals the distance S4 between the center axis Q of the screw 30a and the rear edge 43 of the main body 20a relative to the feed direction P2. Moreover, the cross-sectional view of FIG. 4b clearly shows the asymmetric arrangement of the rotary body 26a relative the transversal side of the main body 20a. The feed direction P2 is parallel to the transversal side of the main body 20a.
According to FIG. 4b the rotary body 26a is arranged asymmetrically with respect to the transversal side of the main body 20a on a bottom side 38 of the main body 20a facing the second connecting element 24a. Moreover, a third distance L3 between the rotary body 26a and the front edge 41 of the main body 20a with respect to the feed direction P2 is smaller than a fourth distance L4 between the rotary body 26a and the rear edge 43 of the main body 20a with respect to the feed direction P2. In FIG. 4b the third and fourth distances L3, L4 are shown relative to the rotary axis R of the rotary body 26a, which is displaced relative to the center axis Q of the screw 30a by a distance D2 in the feed direction P2.
In the cross-sectional view of FIG. 4b two studs 36a, 36b for mounting the second connecting element 24a are clearly shown. As depicted in FIG. 4b the two studs 36a, 36b are arranged on opposite sides of the connection area 28a in the peripheral area of the belt 16. The two studs 36a, 36b each extend through the second connecting element 24a into the belt 16 whereby the second connecting element 24a is held in a rotationally fixed manner with regard to the belt 16.
As shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b, the screw 30a and the two studs 36a, 36b are arranged in a line perpendicular to the grinding direction P1. In particular, the screw 30a and the two studs 36a, 36b lie in the common section plane shown in FIG. 4b.
FIG. 5 shows a schematic bottom view of a machining element 14a of the apparatus 10 with the second connecting element 24a shown in FIG. 1. The cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 4b corresponds to a sectional view along the cutting line B-B in FIG. 5. In the bottom view of FIG. 5 the section of the belt 16 arranged above the second connecting element 24a is shown by means of straight dashed lines. By means of the dotted lines extending perpendicular thereto, the main body 20a is indicated. Moreover, in FIG. 5 the connection area 28a in the second connecting element 24a as well as the rotary body 26a received by the connection area 28a are indicated by curved dashed lines. The grinding direction P1 is parallel to the longitudinal extension of the belt 16. Further, the feed direction P2 is parallel to the transverse extension of the belt 16. As shown in FIG. 5, the rotary body 26a is rotatable in a first rotary direction R1 and in a second rotary direction R2 opposed to the first rotary direction R1. Preferably the rotary body 26 can be screwed tight in the first rotary direction, which is also denoted as tightening direction. With reference to FIG. 5 the first rotary direction R1 corresponds to a negative rotary direction while the second rotary direction R2 corresponds to a positive rotary direction In FIG. 5 in particular the rotary axis R of the rotary body 26a displaced by the distance D2 in the grinding direction P1 or in the feed direction P2, respectively, is shown. Preferably this distance D2 measures 4 mm.
The position of the rotary body 26a shown in FIG. 5 corresponds to the connected state of the rotary body 26a, i.e. the state in which it has been screwed tight. The connected state of the rotary body 26a is obtained by rotation of the rotary body 26a in the first rotary direction R1. Further, the rotary body 26a leaves its connected state when the rotary body 26a is rotated in the second rotary direction R2. Thus by a rotation of the rotary body 26a in the first or second directions R1, R2 the rotary body 26a can be connected to the connection area 28a or separated from it. In either case the rotation is carried out manually.
When the rotary body 26a is in the connected state, the torque M resulting from the grinding process prevents the rotary body 26a from leaving its connected state. The torque M shown in FIG. 5 herein corresponds to a rotary effect on the rotary body 26a in the first rotary direction R1. Furthermore, the torque M is caused during the grinding process by forces acting at an angle or transversely to the grinding direction P1 on the surface of the main body 20a. These forces are transferred via the main body 20a onto the rotary body 26a. The asymmetrical arrangement of the rotary body 26a described by means of FIGS. 4a, 4b and 5, results in a resulting force F on the rotary body 26a. The resulting force F shown in FIG. 5 acts on the edge 50 of the rotary body 26a and provides the torque M. According to the force effect shown in FIG. 5, the vector of the torque M is perpendicular to the surface of the belt 16 and extends into the drawing plane of FIG. 5. Moreover the vector of the torque M shown in FIG. 5 lies on the rotary axis R of the rotary body 26a. Thus the connected state of the rotary body 26a can be maintained solely by means of the grinding process and the asymmetrical arrangement of the rotary body 26a.
FIG. 6 shows a schematic perspective view of the machining elements 14a shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b, respectively, depicting the contours of the rotary body 26a. As shown in FIG. 6a, the rotary body 26a is arranged on the bottom side 38 of the main body 20a. In particular, the rotary body 26a and the main body 20a are formed together as one piece. Moreover, the helical contours of the rotary body 26a are clearly shown in FIG. 6. The rotary body 26a shown in FIG. 6 has a side wall which is inclined relative to the bottom side 38 of the main body 20a. The corresponding the angle of inclination is smaller than 90°. In FIG. 6 this angle of inclination is not depicted.
FIG. 7 shows a schematic perspective view of the second connecting element 24a shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b, respectively, depicting the connection area 28a. The connection area 28a shown in FIG. 7 serves for connecting this area to the rotary body 26a having the helical contours as shown in FIG. 6. As depicted in FIG. 7 the connection area 28a is formed by means of a recess 44 in the second connecting element 24a. The side wall 46 of the recess 44 is inclined in the direction towards the inside of the recess 44. Moreover, FIG. 7 shows that the second connecting element 24a has a through bore 52 in the center area of the second connecting element 24a and two through bores 54a, 54b in the peripheral area on opposing sides of the connection area 28a of the second connecting element 24a. The through bore 52 serves to receive the screw 30a shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b while the through bores 54a, 54b serve to receive the studs 36a, 36b shown in FIG. 4b.
FIG. 8 shows a schematic bottom view of the second connecting element 24a shown in FIG. 7. In FIG. 8 the arrangement of the through bores 52 and 54a, 54b is clearly shown. Further, in FIG. 8 the arrangement of the connection area 28a relative to the surface of the second connecting element 24a is depicted schematically. The center axis Q of the through bore 52 is located at a distance S1′ from the front edge 58 of the second connecting element 24 with respect to the grinding direction P1, while the center axis Q′ of the through bore 52 is located at a distance S2′ from the rear edge 56 of the second connecting element 24a with respect to the grinding direction P1. Moreover the connection area 28a shown in FIG. 8 is complementary to the rotary body 26a. Thus the connection area 28a and the rotary body 26a can be securely connected to each other.
While the present disclosure has been illustrated and described with respect to a particular embodiment thereof, it should be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications to this disclosure may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Patent Grant
11260492
