Patent Application
20180334796
The present invention relates generally to the assembly of a Geodesic Dome such that the Geodesic form may be arrived at spontaneously, having achieved the multitude of precise axial and dihedral angles through the use of strategically placed hinges.
Geodesic domes and other geodesic shapes are used in construction as efficient, fast, structurally sound designs. However, a common problem with many methods of assembling geodesic shapes is the need to achieve correct radial, dihedral and axial angels in construction and assemble of the components. Therefore, there is a need for a method of making a geodesic shape out of pre-made forms and struts through the use of hinges attaching struts to their respective panels.
A first aspect of the present invention provides a method of making a geodesic shape. The method comprises of providing and assembling a plurality of pre-made forms, and a plurality of struts. The pre-made forms have a triangular shape, first and second inner edges, an inner face and an outer face and an outer edge. The length of each inner edge and outer edge are determined by the frequency of the geodesic shape, diameter of the geodesic shape, using known formulas for relating diameter and frequency when creating a geodesic dome or sphere. Using the pre-made forms and struts, a polygonal shape is assembled in several steps. The first step comprises operably coupling a first pre-made form, along its uncoupled first inner edge to a first face of a first strut, by a first hinge(s). The second step comprises operably coupling a second of the pre-made form, along its uncoupled second inner edge to a second face of the first strut, by a second hinge(s). The third step comprises operably coupling the second pre-made form, along its uncoupled first inner edge to a first face of a second strut, by a its first hinge(s). The fourth step comprises sequentially operably coupling inner edges of additional pre-made forms to respective faces of struts already in the structure and sequentially operably coupling additional struts to the additional pre-made forms in the structure with uncoupled inner edges, resulting in a structure in which the inner edges of the first and last pre-made forms have not been coupled to respective faces of the last additional strut. The fifth step comprises forming the desired polygonal shape by operably coupling the inner edge of a last coupled pre-made form and a second inner edge of the first premade form to respective faces of the last additional strut, creating desired dihedral angles between the inner edges of the pre-made forms, and creating a desired axial angles between a z axis of the desired polygonal shape and the inner face of each premade form. The total number of pre-made forms in the polygonal shape is either four five or six. In addition to polygonal shapes there are also polygonalpatch(es). There is a method for assembling a polygonal patch. The first step of the method involves operably coupling a seventh pre-made form, along its uncoupled first inner edge to a first face of a seventh strut, by a first hinge(s). A second step involves operably coupling an eighth pre-made form, along its uncoupled second inner edge to a second face of the seventh strut, by a second hinge(s). A third step involves operably coupling the eighth pre-made form, along its uncoupled first inner edge to a first face of an eighth strut, by its first hinge(s). A fourth step involves operably coupling a ninth pre-made form, along its uncoupled second inner edge to a second face of the eighth strut, by its second hinge(s). There is a method for assembling a geodesic shape. The method involves coupling desired polygonal shapes made using the aforementioned steps to desired polygonal shapes, premade forms and to polygonal patches made using the aforementioned steps by coupling their outer edges, so that the desired polygonal shapes, polygonal patches and additional pre-made forms create a geodesic shape. Throughout the entire method, no struts are operably coupled to other struts. Throughout the entire method, the free range of motion of each strut-panel interface of each panel along its axis aligns itself into the ideal axial and dihedral angles for the desired geodesic shape spontaneously as the assembly progresses, without any additional measurement or cutting by the user.
A second aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for making a polygonal shape. The apparatus is comprised of five or six struts each with a first face operably coupled to a first hinge(s) and second face operably coupled a second hinge(s), and five or six pre-made forms which are triangular in shape, with first and second inner edges, an inner face and an outer face, and an outer edge. The lengths of each inner edges and the outer edge of the pre-made form are determined by the frequency of the geodesic shape, diameter of the geodesic shape, and known formulas for relating diameter and frequency to create a geodesic dome. A first pre-made form is operably coupled along its first inner edge to the first face of a first strut by first hinge(s). A second pre-made form is operably coupled along its second inner edge to a second face of the first strut, its second hinge(s). The second pre-made form is then operably coupled along its first inner edge to a first face of a second strut, by its first hinge(s). A third pre-made form is then operably coupled along its second inner edge to the second face of the second strut by its second hinge(s). The third pre-made form is operably coupled along its first inner edge to a first face of a third strut, by its first hinge(s). A fourth pre-made form is operably coupled along its second inner edge to a second face of the third strut, by its second hinge(s). The fourth pre-made form is operably coupled along its first inner edge to a first face of the fourth strut, by its first hinge(s). A fifth pre-made form may be operably coupled along its second inner edge to a second face of the fourth strut, by its second hinge(s) if there is a sixth pre-made form. The fifth pre-made form may be operably coupled along its first inner edge to a first face of the fifth strut, by its first hinge(s) if there is a sixth strut. A desired polygonal shape is formed by operably coupling the inner edge of a final pre-made form and a second inner edge of the first premade form to respective faces of the last additional strut, creating desired dihedral angles between the inner edges of the pre-made forms, and creating a desired axial angles between a z axis of the desired polygonal shape and the inner face of each premade form. Throughout creation of the desired polygonal shape, no struts are operably coupled to other struts. The free range of motion of each strut-panel interface of each panel along its axis aligns itself into the ideal axial and dihedral angles for the desired geodesic shape spontaneously as the assembly progresses, without any additional measurement or cutting by the user.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a method of making a geodesic shape. The method includes a plurality of triangular pre-made forms having a triangular shape, first and a second inner edges, and an outer edge. The length of each inner edge and outer edge are determined by the frequency of the geodesic shape, diameter of the geodesic shape, and known formulas for relating diameter and frequency when creating a geodesic dome or sphere. The method includes steps for assembling a polygonal shape. The first step involves operably coupling a first pre-made form, along its uncoupled first inner edge to the first face of a first partial strut, by its first hinge(s). The second step involves sequentially operably coupling inner edges of the first pre-made form to respective faces of partial struts. The third step involves operably coupling a second pre-made form, along its uncoupled inner edges to respective faces of partial struts. The fourth step involves operably coupling the first partial strut of the first pre-made form to the first partial strut of the second pre-made form in a fixed interface forming a complete strut, thus allowing a free range of motion of each strut-panel interface of each panel along its axis. The fifth step involves sequentially operably coupling partial struts operably coupled to inner edges of additional pre-made forms to respective partial struts already in the structure and sequentially operably coupling additional partial struts to the additional pre-made forms in the structure with uncoupled inner edges, resulting in a structure in which the inner edges of the first and last pre-made forms have not been coupled. The desired polygonal shape is formed by operably coupling a partial strut operably coupled to an inner edge of a last coupled pre-made form and a partial strut operably coupled to a second inner edge of the first premade form in a fixed interface forming a complete strut, creating desired dihedral angles between the inner edges of the pre-made forms, and creating desired axial angles between a z axis of the desired polygonal shape and the inner face of each premade form. The total number of pre-made forms in the polygonal shape is either five or six. The method includes steps for assembling a polygonal patch. The first step involves operably coupling a seventh pre-made form, along its uncoupled first inner edge to a first face of a seventh strut, by a first hinge(s). The second step involves operably coupling an eighth pre-made form, along its uncoupled second inner edge to a first face of an eighth strut, by a second hinge(s). The third step involves operably coupling the seventh strut and the eighth strut. The fourth step involves operably coupling the eighth pre-made form, along its uncoupled first inner edge to a first face of a ninth strut, by its first hinge(s). The fifth step involves operably coupling a ninth pre-made form, along its uncoupled second inner edge to a first face of a tenth strut, The sixth strut includes operably coupling the ninth strut and the tenth strut. The method includes steps for assembling a geodesic shape. The first step includes coupling desired polygonal shapes made using the previously described steps to desired polygonal shapes, premade forms, and to polygonal patches made using the previously described steps by coupling their outer edges at preset angles in known geodesic form and function, so that the desired polygonal shapes, polygonal patches, and additional pre-made forms create a geodesic shape. The free range of motion of each strut-panel interface of each panel along its axis aligns itself into the ideal axial and dihedral angles for the desired geodesic shape spontaneously as the assembly progresses, without any additional measurement or cutting by the user. Throughout the entire process, no complete struts are operably coupled to other complete struts.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides method of making a polygonal shape from a pre-made form. The polygonal shape is characterized by having correct dihedral and axial angles for use in constructing a geometric shape. The method provides a plurality of triangular pre-made forms, each pre-made form having a triangular shape, first and second inner edges, an outer edge, and an inner face and an outer face. A length of each inner edge and outer edge are determined by the frequency of the geodesic shape, and diameter of the geodesic shape. The method then comprises assembling the polygonal shape, where the total number of pre-made forms in the polygonal shape is either five or six. There are steps to assembling the polygonal shape. The first step involves operably coupling a first pre-made form, along its uncoupled first inner edge to a first face of a first strut, by a first hinge(s). The second step involves operably coupling a second pre-made form, along its uncoupled second inner edge to a second face of the first strut, by a second hinge(s). The third step involves operably coupling the second pre-made form, along its uncoupled first inner edge to a first face of a second strut, by its first hinge(s). The fourth step involves forming a planar precursor to the desired polygonal shape by sequentially operably coupling inner edges of additional pre-made forms to respective faces of struts already in the structure and sequentially operably coupling additional struts to the additional pre-made forms in the structure with uncoupled inner edges, resulting in a structure in which the inner edges of the first and last pre-made forms have not been coupled to respective faces of the last additional strut. The fifth step involves forming the desired polygonal shape by raising the planar precursor and operably coupling the inner edge of a last coupled pre-made form and a second inner edge of the first premade form to respective faces of the last additional strut, resulting in creating correct dihedral angles which are between the inner faces of the premade forms and faces of the coupled struts, and the correct axial angles which are between a z axis of the desired polygonal shape and the inner face of each premade form without any additional measurement. Throughout the entirety of the assembly, no struts are operably coupled to other struts.
The features of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, will be best understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Hereinafter, unless defined otherwise, the term “pre-made form” is defined as a planar triangular shape having first and second inner edges 8, 10, an inner face 11 and an outer face 13 and an outer edge 12, depicted in
Hereinafter, unless defined otherwise, the term “polygonal shape” is defined as comprising five or six struts 6 each with a first face operably coupled to a first hinge(s) and second face operably coupled a second hinge(s), and five or six pre-made forms, e.g. 14 in
Hereinafter, unless defined otherwise, the term “geodesic” is the shortest distance between two points on a sphere.
Hereinafter, unless defined otherwise, the term “geodesic shape” is defined as comprising a plurality of polygonal shapes 14 and plurality of polygonal patches 222, depicted in
One objective of the present invention is to provide a method of constructing geodesic domes by using pre-made forms and struts with hinges that are constructed at pre-measured intervals. This allows for easy assembly of a geodesic dome without time and cost-intensive measuring and fitting on site.
With this invention, a full concrete dome can be assembled in a day and a half onsite without recutting or otherwise customizing the struts or the pre-made forms. In particular, ensuring that the struts do not operably couple to other struts and making the pre-made forms the load-bearing sections of the geodesic dome ensures that the struts do not have to be re-measured or recut to fit into place, saving considerable time and the use of additional equipment onsite.
A second objective of the present invention is to provide a methodology allowing for ease of construction of a Geodesic Dome strut-panel system regardless of dome frequency or diameter by achieving the correct axial and dihedral angles associated with geodesic dome construction automatically, effortlessly and as the proximal result of the use of a hinge(s) attaching a strut (be it a 2×4, 6, 8 etc.) lengthwise to each of the three panel edges of each panel, thence attaching struts of like length together from adjacent panels thus allowing a free range of motion of each strut-panel interface of each panel along the panel-edge axis. The strut-to-strut assembly of adjacent panels is necessarily a fixed interface. The motion allowed each strut/panel interface can therefore accommodate differing dihedral angles, one side of the strut-strut interface to the other.
The hinges of the present invention allow for freedom of motion along the interface of each strut and panel, allowing each to accommodate differing dihedral angles. This allows the axial and dihedral angles to be arrived at passively, as an inherent result of the invention's assembly. As the dome is constructed with this invention, the construction will increasingly and effortlessly approximate a sphere as assembly moves towards completion. The invention spontaneously arrives passively at the correct axial and dihedral angles and the strength of the structure increases dramatically as the assembly progresses.
When these dihedral angles are combined with the accompanying axial angles, normally combining the panels into the right angles at the right time during construction is challenging, requiring several measurements and occasional adjusting or cutting. The present invention avoids this difficulty.
As the dome is constructed using this invention, by a singular panel at a time or pre-assembled into groups of pentagons, hexagons or otherwise groupings, construction will increasingly and effortlessly approximate a sphere as the assembly moves toward completion. The present invention spontaneously arrives passively at the correct axial and dihedral angles and the strength of the structure increases dramatically as the assembly progresses.
This result of correct axial and dihedral angles are arrived at by simply allowing freedom of movement along the panel-to-adjacent-strut interface. The interface is not fixed, and uses a hinge to allow movement in the plane of the hinge. Every panel has three struts running along its edges attached by a hinge or series of hinges that allow motion only in the hinge plane.
Simultaneously, the strut-to-strut interface is rigidly fixed, i.e. it is bolted or clamped to the strut of an adjacent panel. In this way, each panel edge with its attached-by-hinge strut is free to approximate the true/ideal axial and dihedral angles that the dome spontaneously approximates as the assembly progresses. This result is achieved without axial or dihedral calculation or component fabrication (other than cutting panels to correct sizes) to achieve the desired result. It is arrived at passively.
A one-eighth polpolmodel was built in an attempt to prove this concept. At no time were the dihedral or axial angles measured in the assembly process. As was claimed above, the construction/assembly process achieved this result for these angles spontaneously and as a consequence of the hinged strut/panel; i.e. by simply rigidly fixing adjacent struts of different panels while flexibly connecting struts to their respective panels in the plane of the hinge joint that allowed for that freedom of movement in that plane.
What is unique about this approach to constructing Geodesic Domes is that if the ‘strut-panel’ interface is allowed to remain flexible along the hinge/strut plane, the proper dome ‘geometry’, i.e. the array of dihedral and axial angles can be arrived at passively. The dome will simply “find” the proper angles as a function of some conservation of stress and energy law of nature that it enjoys. Only one thing is necessary from a material fabrication standpoint: Exact panel lengths. Exact panel lengths achieves the correct ‘radial’ angles such that when the pentagons and hexagons are constructed, ‘closing’ the last strut-strut interface ‘forces’ the dome geometry from 2-d to 3-d; the hinged panel/strut angle is brought out at each panel edge across the entire pentagon or hexagon. At no time then are we nailing or screwing panels to struts or panels to panels.
Initial research in constructing this model showed important considerations. When constructing at this scale, the selection of materials became increasingly flimsy: The 150 panels used were made of a 220″ plywood, and the struts of a very flexible PVC trim product. The strut-strut interfaces were held together with 4″ cable ties. The hinge ended-up being a very tough ordnance tape as even the smallest hinges seemed immensely impractical for the sheer numbers involved (2 hinges per strut, 3 struts per panel, 160 panels per dome, for a total of 960 hinges installed). When the dome was ‘closed’, the flexibility of these components failed to ‘force the geometry’, i.e. it failed to cause the flat, 2-d pentagons/hexagons into 3-d dome geometry. The eventual working solution involved securing the panel/panel interface with cable ties at the end of the panels to maintain the dome geometry. This research showed that the hinge to be used must be rigid in every sense other than the desired direction of motion.
A first aspect of the present invention provides a method of making a geodesic shape 2. The method comprises of providing and assembling a plurality of pre-made forms 4, and a plurality of struts 6, as shown in
Throughout the entire method, no struts are operably coupled to other struts. Throughout the entire method, the free range of motion of each strut-panel interface 146 of each panel along its axis aligns itself into the ideal axial and dihedral angles for the desired geodesic shape spontaneously as the assembly progresses, without any additional measurement or cutting by the user.
In one embodiment, the hinges 23 are within two inches of the outside edges of the pre-made forms. In an embodiment, after the desired polygonal shape is created a compression hinge is operably coupled to a common joint of the pre-made forms comprising the polygonal shape 14 where an axial angle is formed.
In an embodiment, gaps 46 in the desired geodesic shape 44 that are not covered by the desired polygonal shapes are covered by additional pre-made forms 4 shaped to cover the gaps.
In an embodiment, one or more of the premade forms are transparent 56, in order to serve as a window.
In an embodiment, the polygonal shapes omitted to leave space for a doorway or window are used to create extension doors or windows 52, bump out doors or windows 54 or rectilinear bump out doors or windows 56.
In an embodiment, the geodesic structure has a frequency of 4.
In an embodiment, the geodesic structure has a diameter of 40 feet, and there are 30 pre-made forms with sides measuring 5′0¾″ by 5′10-⅞″ by 5′0-¾″, 30 pre-made forms measuring 5′10-⅝″ by 5′10-⅞″ by 5′10-⅝″, 60 pre-made forms measuring 5′10-⅝″ by 6′3⅛″ by 5′11-⅚″, 30 pre-made forms measuring 6′3⅛″ by 6′6″ by 6′3⅛″, and 10 pre-made forms measuring 6′6 by 6′6 by 6′6.
In an embodiment, the hinges are utility hinges.
In an embodiment, the desired geodesic shape 44 is watertight and/or vapor tight.
In an embodiment, the desired polygonal shapes are removed after the concrete has set in place.
In an embodiment, the forms 4 create a desired tile or panel finish that remains on the interior of the concrete dome.
In an embodiment, the exterior layer 66 is dirt, sod, or turf.
In an embodiment, vegetation 68 is encouraged to grow on the exterior layer of dirt, sod, or turf, as shown in
In an embodiment, all pre-made forms 4 and all struts 6 have been cut and shaped before on site construction.
In an embodiment, there is a kit for making a desired geodesic shape. The kit is comprised of several of the desired polygonal shapes 14 acting in concert. along with additional pre-made forms 4 having shapes determined by the frequency of the geodesic shape, diameter of the geodesic shape, and known formulas for relating diameter and frequency when creating a geodesic dome or sphere, designed to cover gaps 46 in the desired geodesic shape 44 that are not covered by the desired polygonal shapes 14. The desired polygonal shapes 14 and the additional pre-made forms 4 act in concert, and are operably coupled at preset angles in known geodesic form and function, so that the desired polygonal shapes 14 combine to form a desired geodesic shape 44 without any changes or modifications to any of the struts 6 or pre-made forms 4. Throughout creation of the desired geodesic shape 44, no struts 6 are operably coupled to other struts.
In an embodiment, wherein the desired geodesic shape 44 is selected from the group consisting of a full sphere, half sphere, or a partial sphere where individual polygons have been omitted so as to leave space for a doorway or window.
In an embodiment, the hinges are utility hinges.
In an embodiment, the desired geodesic shape 44 has a frequency of 4 and a 40 foot diameter, so that each polygonal shape 14 weighs a maximum of 5,000 pounds. In a preferred embodiment, each polygonal shape 14 weighs a maximum of 4,500 pounds.
In an embodiment, the geodesic structure has a diameter of 40 feet and there are 30 pre-made forms with sides measuring 5′0¾″ by 5′10-⅞″ by 5′0¾″, 30 pre-made forms measuring 5′10-⅝″ by 5′10-⅞″ by 5′10-⅝″, 60 pre-made forms measuring 5′10-⅝″ by 6′3⅛″ by 5′11-⅚″, 30 pre-made forms measuring 6′3⅛″ by 6′6″ by 6′3⅛″, and 10 pre-made forms measuring 6′6 by 6′6 by 6′6.
In an embodiment, the desired geodesic shape is watertight and/or vapor tight.
In an embodiment, anchors 60 are attached to the desired polygonal shape, concrete 62 is poured onto the desired polygonal shape, and once the concrete 62 has set a crane lifts the desired polygonal shape into place.
With a full of set of parts, the full concrete form 62 can be put up within a day and a half onsite without recutting or otherwise customizing the struts or pre-made forms.
In an embodiment, the pre-made forms create a desired tile or panel finish that remains on the interior of the concrete dome.
In an embodiment, after the concrete has set, a watershed insulating blanket 64 (a waterproof layer) is placed on top of the concrete layer, and an exterior layer 66 is placed on top of the waterproof layer 64.
In an embodiment, the desired geodesic shape is a frequency 4 and a 40 foot diameter, so that each polygon weighs a maximum of 5,000 pounds.
In an embodiment, the geodesic structure has a diameter of 40 feet and there are 30 pre-made forms with sides measuring 5′0¾″ by 5′10-⅞″ by 5′0¾″, 30 pre-made forms measuring 5′10-⅝″ by 5′10-⅞″ by 5′10-⅝″, 60 pre-made forms measuring 5′10-⅝″ by 6′3⅛″ by 5′11-⅚″, 30 pre-made forms measuring 6′3⅛″ by 6′6″ by 6′3⅛″, and 10 pre-made forms measuring 6′6 by 6′6 by 6′6.
In an embodiment, the exterior layer 66 is dirt, sod, or turf. In an embodiment, vegetation 68 is encouraged to grow on the exterior layer of dirt, sod, or turf.
In an embodiment, a number of struts are comprised of first partial struts 226 and second partial struts 228. A first pre-made form 16 is operably coupled along its uncoupled first inner edge to a first face of a first partial strut 226, by a first hinge(s) 234. A second pre-made form 26 is operably coupled along its uncoupled second inner edge to a second partial strut 228, by a second hinge(s). The first partial strut is operably coupled to the second partial strut, forming a complete strut. No complete struts are operably coupled to other complete struts.
In an embodiment, all pre-made forms 4 and all partial struts 225 have been cut and shaped before on site construction.
In one embodiment, a number of struts are comprised of first partial struts and second partial struts. A first pre-made form 16 is operably coupled along its uncoupled first inner edge to a first partial strut 226, by a first hinge(s) 234. A second pre-made form 26 is operably coupled along its uncoupled second inner edge to a second partial strut 228, by a second hinge(s). The first partial strut is operably coupled to the second partial strut, forming a complete strut. Throughout the assembly, no complete struts are operably coupled to other complete struts.
In one embodiment, the hinges are within two inches of the outside edges of the pre-made forms.
In one embodiment, after the desired polygonal shape is created a compression hinge is operably coupled to a common joint of the pre-made forms comprising the polygonal shape where an axial angle is formed.
In one embodiment, all pre-made forms and all struts have been cut and shaped before on site construction.
In one embodiment, the desired geodesic shape is selected from the group consisting of a full sphere, dome, or a partial sphere where individual desired polygonal shapes have been omitted so as to leave space for a doorway or window.
In one embodiment, one or more of the premade forms are transparent, in order to serve as a window.
In one embodiment, the polygonal shapes omitted to leave space for a doorway or window are used to create extension doors or windows, bump out doors or windows or rectilinear bump out doors or windows.
In one embodiment, the geodesic structure has a frequency of 4.
In one embodiment, the geodesic structure has a diameter of 40 feet;
In one embodiment, there are 30 pre-made forms with sides measuring 5′0¾″ by 5′10-⅞″ by 5′0¾″, 30 pre-made forms measuring 5′10-⅝″ by 5′10-⅞″ by 5′10-⅝″, 60 pre-made forms measuring 5′10-⅝″ by 6′3⅛″ by 5′11-⅚″, 30 pre-made forms measuring 6′3⅛″ by 6′6″ by 6′3⅛″, and 10 pre-made forms measuring 6′6 by 6′6 by 6′6.
In one embodiment, the hinges are utility hinges.
In one embodiment, the desired geodesic shape is watertight and/or vapor tight.
In one embodiment, anchors are attached to each desired polygonal shape, concrete is poured onto the desired polygonal shape, and once the concrete has set a crane lifts the desired polygonal shape by the anchors into place on a foundation upon which the geodesic shape rests.
In one embodiment, the desired polygonal shapes are removed after the concrete has set in place.
In one embodiment, the pre-made forms create a desired tile or panel finish that remains on the interior of the concrete dome.
In one embodiment, after the concrete has set and the geodesic shape has been created, a watershed insulating blanket is placed on top of the concrete layer, and an exterior layer is placed on top of the waterproof layer.
In one embodiment, the exterior layer is dirt, sod, or turf.
In one embodiment, vegetation is encouraged to grow on the exterior layer of dirt, sod, or turf.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of this invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously, many modifications and variations are possible. Such modifications and variations that may be apparent to a person skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of this invention as defined by the accompanying claims.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62507322 | May 2017 | US |
