These and other features and advantages of the various embodiments disclosed herein will be better understood with respect to the following description and drawings, in which like numbers refer to like parts throughout, and in which:
Referring now to
The apparatus 10 includes a first reactant 12 in liquid form, and a second reactant 14 in solid or liquid form capable of generating a product gas 46 upon being mixed with the first reactant 12. The apparatus 10 further includes the feeding container 16 that holds the first reactant 12, and a reaction container 18 that holds the second reactant 14 and the product gas 46 generated from mixing the first reactant 12 and the second reactant 14. The apparatus 10 further includes a feeding valve 22 in fluid communication with the feeding container 16 and the reaction container 18. As used herein the term “in fluid communication” includes, but is not limited to, any gaseous or liquid communication. As will be discussed in further detail below, the feeding valve 22 controls the flow of the first reactant 12 into the reaction container 18.
In the particular embodiment shown, the apparatus 10 further includes a feeding conduit 48 that connects the feeding container 16 to the reaction container 18. The apparatus 10 further includes an exit port 36 attached to the feeding container 16 and connects the feeding container 16 to the feeding conduit 48, and an entry port 34 attached to the reaction container 18 and connects the reaction container 18 to the feeding conduit 48. The apparatus 10 further includes an output port 54, a release conduit 52, and a feedback conduit 50. The output port 54 is attached to the reaction container 18. The output port 54 is disposed in fluid communication with both the release conduit 52 and the feedback conduit 50. The output port 54 allows flow from the reaction container 18 into the release conduit 52 and the feedback conduit 50. The apparatus 10 further includes a release port 62 and an output regulator 20 attached to the release conduit 52 and the feedback conduit 50 that connects the reaction container 18 to the feeding container 16. The apparatus 10 further includes a feedback regulator 24 attached to the feedback conduit 50 and a feeding port 58 attached to the feeding container 16 and connects the feeding container 16 to the feedback conduit 50. The apparatus 10 further includes a relief conduit 60 that connects to the feedback conduit 50 and a relief valve 26 attached to the relief conduit 60.
The apparatus 10 is characterized by including a feeding container valve pressure and a reaction container valve pressure. As referred to herein the term “feeding container valve pressure” refers to that pressure at the feeding valve 22 which is associated with the feeding container 16 and is otherwise “upstream” from both the feeding valve 22 and the reaction container 18. As referred to herein the term “reaction container valve pressure” refers to that pressure at the feeding valve 22 which is associated with the reaction container 18 and is otherwise “downstream” from the feeding valve 22 and the feeding container 16.
The feeding valve 22 is configured to allow a flow of the first reactant 12 from the feeding container 16 into the reaction container 18 when the feeding container valve pressure is greater than the reaction container valve pressure by a predetermined difference between the feeding container valve pressure and the reaction container valve pressure.
The conduits and the containers can be made of various materials, including metal, plastic, and any other material capable of holding the first reactant 12, the second reactant 14 and the product gas 46 at a predetermined container pressure. In addition, while many of the various components of the apparatus 10 are shown as discrete components that are connected to each other, any number or combination of such components may be integrally formed according to various other embodiments. For examples, the output port 54 may be integrally formed with the reaction container 18, the output port 54 may be integrally formed with the release conduit 52, and the release portion 62 maybe integrally formed with the output regulator 20.
The first reactant 12 can be citric acid and water, and the second reactant 14 can be sodium bicarbonate, and together they can generate CO2 as the product gas 46. The first reactant 12 can be water, and the second reactant 14 can be citric acid mixed with sodium bicarbonate, and together that can also generate CO2 as the product gas 46. The feeding container 16 is normally designed to contain a pressure above atmospheric pressure during the generation process.
Substances in gaseous and liquid form generally flow from a point of higher pressure to a point of lower pressure. Therefore, to set up the apparatus 10 in this embodiment, it is desirable to pressurize the feeding container 16 to contain a higher pressure than a pressure of the reaction container 18. In this regard, one end of the feeding conduit 48 may be submersed in the first reactant 12 in the feeding container 16 to facilitate the flow of the first reactant 12 from the feeding container 16 to the reaction container 18.
To better illustrate the operation of the apparatus 10, sample pressure numbers will be used in the following example. Initially, both the feeding container 16 and the reaction container 18 are at atmospheric pressure. To initialize the apparatus 10, the feeding container 16 may be pressurized by either pumping air through a shrader valve, or by dropping an appropriate amount of the first reactant 12 into the reaction container 18 that will produce the product gas 46 which ultimately pressurizes the apparatus 10 to the appropriate operating pressure. If a shrader valve (not shown) is used to charge the apparatus 10 with air, such a valve must be connected to the feedback conduit 50 and positioned on the feeding container side of a one-way valve (not shown) to prevent flow in a direction of the reaction container 18. In either example, the feeding container pressure may be set to 30 psi as an example. In the process of slowly building up pressure within the feeding container 16, the first reactant 12 will immediately begin to travel through the exit port 36, the feeding conduit 48, the feeding valve 22, and the entry port 34 into the reaction container 18. The first and second reactants 12, 14 will react to ultimately produce the product gas 46. The pressure in the reaction container 18 may thus build to a pressure that will exceed the pressure in the feeding container 16 thereby shutting off the flow at the feeding valve 22 of the first reactant 12 from the feeding container 16.
Assuming the product gas 46 produced from the initial surge of reactant 12 is of a pressure greater than the initial charge pressure of the feeding container 16, the product gas 46 will exit the reaction container 18 via the output port 54 and will travel through the feedback conduit 50 and through the output regulator 24. The feedback regulator may be set for 30 psi, for example. If the pressure of the feeding container 16 has not yet reached 30 psi, additional pressure from either an air pump or un-reacted portions of the first and second reactants 12, 14 will continue to increase until the system reaches the predetermined pressure i.e., 30 psi in this example. Once the feeding container 16 reaches the predetermined operating pressure of 30 psi, actual pressure buildup within the reaction container 18 will likely be higher (e.g., 40-45 psi) because of the continued but slowed reaction taking place within the reaction container 18.
At this juncture, the exhausting of product gas 46 through the release conduit 52 can commence at a desired release rate. The output regulator 20 attached to the release conduit 52 controls the release rate of the product gas 46 by limiting the pressure of product gas 46 that is released. If set at 5 psi, the output regulator 20 will only allow the exiting pressure of the product gas 46 to build-up to 5 psi. The apparatus 10 may be deployed in conjunction with a pest trap. The product gas 46 may be CO2 which may be used as a pest attractant for the pest trap. The CO2 may be leaked into the pest trap at 5 psi as regulated by the output regulator 20.
As the product gas 46 within the reaction container 18 exits the apparatus 10 through the release port 62, the overall pressure within the reaction container 18 will begin to decrease. Once the pressure of the reaction container 18 decreases below 30 psi, the feeding valve 22 will allow the first reactant 12 from the feeding container 16 to flow again into the reaction container 18; within seconds, additional gas built up within reaction container 18 will exceed the pressure of the feeding container 16, and again the flow of reactant 12 will be interrupted. Over time, the pressure of the feeding container 16 will drop as the first reactant 12 flows out of the feeding container 16.
As the apparatus 10 generates more and more product gas 46, some of the product gas 46 flows through the feedback conduit 50 and through the feeding port 58 into the feeding container 16. The feedback flow is designed to pressurize the feeding container 16 by allowing the product gas 46 to enter the feeding container 16 at the predetermined pressure set by the feedback regulator 24 as the first reactant 12 flows out of the feeding container 16. The feedback flow will maintain the pressure inside the feeding container 16. The feedback regulator 24 controls the feedback flow by allowing the product gas 46 to pressurize the feeding container 16 at a predetermined setting. It is noted that the feedback regulator 24 may include a one-way valve to only allow flow into the feeding container 16. When pressure in the feeding container 16 drops below the predetermined setting, the feedback regulator 24 allows flow from the feedback conduit 50 into the feeding container 16.
It is noted that it is undesirable for the feedback regulator 24 to pressurize the feeding container 16 so much that the point of shut off cannot be reached because of the high feeding container pressure. Further, it is noted that it is undesirable for the feedback regulator 24 to pressurize the feeding container 16 too little such that the difference in pressure between the feeding container pressure and the reaction container valve pressure is not enough to activate the feeding valve 22 (i.e., the feeding container valve pressure is not greater than the reaction container valve pressure by the predetermined difference between the feeding container valve pressure and the reaction container valve pressure).
In cases where pressure inside the feedback conduit 50 and the release conduit 52 build up too high for the apparatus 10 to safely hold, the relief valve 26 and the relief conduit 60 will release the product gas 46 to the external environment outside of the apparatus 10 to prevent damage to the apparatus 10.
As mentioned above, it is desirable to initially set up the apparatus 10 to pressurize the feeding container 16 to contain a higher pressure than a pressure of the reaction container 18. However it is contemplated that the feeding container 16 may be pressurized too much. For example, an overly pressurized feeding container 16 may result in a non-stop generation of the product gas 46 because the apparatus 10 cannot reach a point of shut off. The point of shut off occurs when the difference between a feeding container valve pressure and a reaction container valve pressure is equal or less than the predetermined difference between the feeding container valve pressure and the reaction container valve pressure. The point of shut off governs the flow of the first reactant 12 by allowing the apparatus 10 to self-regulate the generation of the product gas 46 once a desired amount of the product gas 46 is produced. Another problem may result where the feeding container 16 is overly pressurized due to all of the first reactant 12 from the feeding container 16 being mixed with the second reactant 14 in the reaction container 18 before any of the product gas 46 is generated. The high feeding container pressure considerably increases the rate of the flow of the first reactant 12 from the feeding container 16 to the reaction container 18. When that rate becomes faster than the rate of generation of the product gas 46 from mixing the first reactant 12 and the second reactant 14, all of the first reactant 12 may flow into the reaction container 16 without stopping because the point of shut off is never reached.
The self-regulating configuration of the apparatus 10 allows it to be made relatively small without compromising the quantity of CO2 over a comparatively longer period of time in comparison to prior art CO2 generators. Other common CO2 sources are either (1) small in size but do not produce sufficient desired quantity of CO2, or (2) do produce sufficient desired quantity of CO2 but occupies a significant amount of space and last only a relatively short period of time. The current invention may facilitate a CO2 source that is relatively small in size and capable of producing sufficient quantities of CO2 over a relatively longer period of time in comparison to the prior art.
According to another embodiment, referring now to
In this embodiment, the apparatus 10 includes a pressure tank 28, and a substance 30 contained in the pressure tank 28. The apparatus 10 further includes a supplying conduit 56 that connects to the pressure tank 28 to the feeding container 16. The apparatus 10 further includes a feeding regulator 32 attached to the supplying conduit 56. The apparatus 10 further includes a feeding port 58 attached to the feeding container 16 and connects the supplying conduit 56 to the feeding container 16. It is noted that in this embodiment there is no feedback mechanism as depicted in the embodiment of
As the first reactant 12 flows from the feeding container 16 to the reaction container 18, the pressure of the feeding container 16 drops as the contents of the feeding container 16 is evacuated. When pressure in the feeding container 16 drops below a pre-determined pressure threshold set on the feeding regulator 32, the pressure tank 28 releases the substance 30 into the feeding container 16 through the supplying conduit 56 and the feeding port 58 until the pressure inside the feeding container 16 rises back up to the pre-determined pressure threshold. The feeding regulator 32 controls the flow of the substance 30 by allowing the substance 30 to flow into the feeding container 16 when the pressure inside the feeding container 16 drops below the predetermined pressure threshold set on the feeding regulator 32. It is undesirable for the feeding regulator 32 to pressurize the feeding container 16 too much or too little for the same reasons discussed in the first embodiment depicted in
In cases where pressure inside the release conduit 52 builds up too high for the release conduit 52 to safely hold, the relief valve 26 and the relief conduit 60 will release the product gas 46 to the external environment outside of the apparatus 10 to prevent damage to the release conduit 52.
According to another embodiment, referring now to
In this embodiment, the apparatus 10 includes a feeding container interior wall 38, a feeding container exterior wall 40, and a breather opening 42 between the feeding container interior wall 38 and the feeding container exterior wall 40. The breather opening 42 is designed to allow air to flow inside the feeding container 16 as the first reactant 12 flows from the feeding container 16 into the reaction container 18. The inflow of air maintains the pressure of the feeding container 16 at constant atmospheric pressure. The exit port 36 is placed at a height greater than the entry port 34 so that the force of gravity exerts a pressure on the feeding valve 22 to allow the first reactant 12 to flow into the reaction container 18 through the feeding conduit 48 and the entry port 34. The higher the feeding container 16 is positioned above the reaction container 18, the greater the pressure is asserted on the feeding valve 22. Various apparatuses may be used to control the height and the quantity of the first reactant 12 that flows into the reaction container 18. A simple example would be a structure similar to an IV stand used for injecting a hospital patient with liquid medication.
In this embodiment, it is desirable to place the exit port 36 underneath the feeding container 16 to ensure force of gravity is being applied to the feeding valve 22. Once the first reactant 12 mixes with the second reactant 14, the pressure inside the reaction container 18 will build up to the point of shut off and the feeding valve 22 will stop the flow of the first reactant 12. In cases where pressure inside the release conduit 52 builds up too high for the release conduit 52 to safely hold, the relief valve 26 and the relief conduit 60 may be used to release the product gas 46 to the external environment outside of the apparatus 10 to prevent damage to the release conduit 52.
According to another embodiment, referring now to
In this embodiment, the apparatus 10 includes a collapsible bag 44 as the feeding container 16. The collapsible bag 44 may be made of plastic material. When the first reactant 12 flows out of the collapsible bag 44, the collapsible bag 44 crumples (much like an IV bag) as the contents within the bag is evacuated. As the collapsible bag 44 crumples down to a smaller size, the pressure inside the collapsible bag 44 is kept constant. The advantage of using the collapsible bag 44 is that it can be collapsed to a smaller size when the apparatus 10 is not being used, which allows the apparatus 10 be conveniently stored and/or transported. In cases where pressure inside the release conduit 52 builds up too high for the release conduit 52 to safely hold, the relief valve 26 and the relief conduit 60 may be used to release the product gas 46 to the external environment outside of the apparatus 10 to prevent damage to the release conduit 52.
The above description is given by way of example, and not limitation. Given the above disclosure, one skilled in the art could devise variations that are within the scope and spirit of the invention disclosed herein. Further, the various features of the embodiments disclosed herein can be used alone, or in varying combinations with each other and are not intended to be limited to the specific combination described herein. Thus, the scope of the claims is not to be limited by the illustrated embodiments.