Patent Application
20100282662
The present invention relates to an apparatus for, after separating plasma from blood using a plasma separation filter, purifying the blood by discharging various kinds of toxic substances from the separated plasma using an anion exchange resin filter and a charcoal filter, and more particularly, to an apparatus for purifying blood configured to be capable of miniaturization and be conveniently used by installing the plasma separation filter, the anion exchange resin filter, and the charcoal filter in a housing.
Generally, a liver is a large organ located in the upper right side of the abdominal cavity, and has the metabolic function of properly processing various nutrients in the body; a function of storing several nutrients needed for the body; a function of secreting of bile necessarily needed to absorb nutrients in bowels; a function of producing albumin, protein, and cholesterol absolutely needed for proper body movements; and a function of counteracting alcohol or medicines or various toxic substances generated from the body.
If the liver function fails, bilirubin is accumulated in the body and jaundice occurs so that the skin and the whites of the eyes of a person are discolored. The person having liver failure may be affected by side effects from medicines since the medicines have not been broken down in the body. The liver is one of the most important internal organs functioning in a broad variety of roles, such as intermediate metabolism, bile secretion, composition, excretion of foreign substances, counteracting poisons, and storing nutrients.
If some parts of the liver are damaged due to a disease, the other parts of the liver can compensate for the impaired functions and it will normally recover following a certain period of time. When it is a serious condition like hepatic insufficiency, a bioartificial liver system is used to artificially revive the liver function.
As the bioartificial liver system currently under clinical evaluation, MARS (Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System), SPAD (Single Pass Albumin Dialysis), and FPSA (Fractionated Plasma Separation Adsorption) are being used. For the MARS bioartificial liver system, high cost treatment is provided since expensive albumin is used as a dialysis solution and the detoxification is inefficient. The SPAD bioartificial liver system is also a high cost treatment since expensive albumin is used.
The FPSA bioartificial liver system has been proposed in order to reduce the use of expensive albumin, and has a shortcoming of a reliability problem since it is designed such that some portions of the patient's plasma are reinfused into the patient after directly contacting the filter.
A PSAF (Plasma Separation, Adsorption and filtration) bioartificial liver system (Korean Patent No. 0752414), which is configured to eliminate the toxic substances from the plasma without using expensive albumin, was filed and registered by the inventor of the present invention.
The PSAF bioartificial liver system will be described in detail below.
As illustrated in
The absorption filter 30 includes an anion exchange resin filter 31 absorbing the negatively charged toxins by the ion exchange mechanism while coupling with the plasma protein such as bilirubin, and a charcoal filter 33 eliminating the toxins coupled with the plasma protein via absorption.
Once a patient's blood is supplied to the plasma separation filter 30, the plasma will be separated by the plasma separation filter 30, and the toxins like bilirubin will be eliminated from the separated plasma by flowing into the anion exchange filter 31. After that, the separated plasma will entered the charcoal filter 33 and the toxins like tryptophan will be removed from the separated plasma and the soluble toxins will be discharged by the hemofilter 50.
If the conventional PSAF bioartificial liver system is used, the treatment expense can be reduced since the soluble toxic substances and the protein-coupled toxins can be eliminated from the plasma only by using a small amount of plasma replacement fluid without using expensive albumin; and the plasma will be quickly purified using two absorption filters and a hemofilter including the anion exchange filter and the charcoal filter.
However, the plasma separation filter, the anion exchange filter, and the charcoal filter included in the conventional PSAF bioartificial liver system are configured to filter the fluid by flowing it in the longitudinal direction like the general fluid filtration filter, and as such the plasma separation filter, the anion filter, and the charcoal filter must be arranged in the longitudinal direction. The size of the whole system becomes bigger since the space for the laying out of each filter needs to be ensured and there is a shortcoming with the problems of the system installation and the setting since each filter needs to be arranged in an accurate order respectively.
The present invention has been proposed to solve the aforementioned problems, and embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus for purifying blood constructed to be easily installed and used by realizing the miniaturization of the apparatus by means of unifying each filter.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus for purifying blood includes a plasma separation filter separating plasma from blood and an absorption filter filtering the plasma, wherein the absorption filter is coupled to cover the plasma separation filter.
The plasma separation filter may allow, when blood is flowing into one inner side, the plasma to separately pass through a side wall and blood cells to be discharged through the other inner side. The plasma separation filter may include an internal diaphragm inserted in between the plasma separation filter and the absorption filter to cover the side wall of the plasma separation filter, wherein the internal diaphragm has an internal diaphragm through-hole in a side wall thereof through which the plasma passes; and a housing coupled to cover the absorption filter, wherein the housing has a plasma outlet in a side wall thereof through which the plasma from the absorption filter is discharged.
The internal diaphragm through-hole and the plasma outlet are formed to be biased towards opposing directions around the axis of the absorption filter.
The internal diaphragm through-hole is formed in a region biased towards a portion where blood enters, and the plasma outlet is formed in a region biased towards a portion where the blood cells are discharged.
A plurality of the internal diaphragm through-holes are formed in order to transversely cover the internal diaphragm.
The outer surface of the internal diaphragm, where the internal diaphragm through-hole is built, is concavely formed.
The absorption filter includes a first absorption filter coupled to cover the internal diaphragm and a second absorption filter coupled to cover the anion exchange resin filter. The absorption filter further includes a middle diaphragm having a middle diaphragm through-hole, for allowing the plasma filtered by the first absorption filter to be delivered to the second absorption filter.
The internal diaphragm through-hole and the middle diaphragm through-hole are biased in opposing directions around the axis of the first absorption filter, and the middle diaphragm through-hole and the plasma outlet are biased in opposing directions around the axis of the second absorption filter.
The internal diaphragm through-hole and the plasma outlet are formed in a region biased towards a portion where blood enters, and the middle diaphragm through-hole is formed in a region biased towards a portion where the plasma is discharged.
A plurality of the internal diaphragm through-holes and a plurality of the middle diaphragm through-holes are formed to transversely cover the inner diaphragm and the middle diaphragm.
The outer surface of the middle diaphragm where the middle diaphragm through-hole is built is concavely formed.
One of the first and second absorption filters is an anion exchange resin filter and the other of the first and second absorption filters is a charcoal filter.
The absorption filter includes a first absorption filter covering one side of opposite longitudinal sides of the internal diaphragm; and a second absorption filter covering the other side of the opposite longitudinal sides of the internal diaphragm, wherein the plasma is allowed, after passing through the plasma separation filter, to sequentially travel the first absorption filter and the second absorption filter.
The plasma separation filter further includes a separation member installed between the first absorption filter and the second absorption filter, wherein the separation member allows particles of both the first absorption filter and the second absorption filter to pass through but does not allow the plasma to pass through.
The separation member includes a plate having at least one plate through-hole and a mesh coupled with the plate to cover the through-hole.
The internal diaphragm through-hole is biased towards the first absorption filter and the plasma outlet is biased towards the second absorption filter.
Each of the plasma separation filter, the internal diaphragm, the absorption filter, and the housing has a cylindrical shape.
The housing includes a body covering an outer side surface of the absorption filter; an inlet cover covering the plasma separation filter and one side of the absorption filter; an outlet cover covering the plasma separation filter and the other side of the absorption filter; a blood inlet formed in the inlet cover for inflow of blood; and a blood cell outlet formed in the outlet cover for discharge of the blood cells.
The housing includes a body covering the outer surface of the side wall of the absorption filter; an inlet cover covering one side of the plasma separation filter and the absorption filter; and an outlet cover covering the other side of the plasma separation filter and the absorption filter. A blood inlet is formed to flow into blood at the inlet cover and a blood cell outlet is formed to discharge the blood cell on the outlet cover.
The inlet cover and the outlet cover have insertion grooves, such that opposite ends of the plasma separation filter and the internal diaphragm are inserted into the insertion grooves, respectively.
In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, the apparatus for purifying blood of the present invention includes a plasma separation filter separating the plasma from blood and an absorption filter filtering the plasma separated from the plasma separation filter are coupled to each other as one body. The absorption filter is configured to direct the plasma flow in a longitudinal direction.
The absorption filter is coupled to cover the plasma separation filter.
At least two of the absorption filters are provided, and two adjacent ones of the absorption filters are arranged to direct the flow of plasma in opposite directions.
At least two of absorption filters are installed, and two adjacent ones of the absorption filters are arranged in series to direct the flow of plasma in the same direction.
The apparatus for purifying blood of the present invention can be miniaturized by unifying a plasma separation filter and an absorption filter in a body, and increase the convenience of installing and using as well as enhancing the efficiency of the plasma separation filter and the absorption filter.
100: plasma separation filter
200: internal diaphragm
210: internal diaphragm through-hole
300: absorption filter
310: first absorption filter
320: second absorption filter
400: housing 410: body
420: inlet cover 430: outlet cover
500: middle diaphragm
510: middle diaphragm through-hole
610: plate 620: mesh
An apparatus for purifying blood in accordance with the present invention is characterized by limiting each filter's shape and installed location, and by restricting the flowing directions of the plasma and the blood cell to specific directions.
Embodiments of the apparatus for purifying blood in accordance with the present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The apparatus for purifying blood in accordance with the present invention includes a plasma separation filter 100 constructed to allow plasma to separately pass through a side wall and blood cells to be discharged to the other side (the bottom side in this embodiment) when blood is flowing into an inner side (the upper side in this embodiment); an internal diaphragm 200 coupled to cover the side wall of the plasma separation filter 100 and formed with an internal diaphragm through-hole 210 on the side wall; an absorption filter 300, coupled to cover the internal diaphragm 200, for filtering the discharged plasma via its passage through the internal diaphragm through-hole 210; and a housing coupled to cover the absorption filter 300 and formed with a plasma outlet 412 on the side wall in order to discharge the filtered plasma outside.
When compared to the conventional plasma separation filter 10 and the absorption filter 30 illustrated in
Although the plasma separation filter 100 separating the plasma from blood and the absorption filter 300 filtering the plasma are generally constructed to flow the blood and the plasma in the longitudinal direction, the plasma separation filter 10 and the absorption filter 30 applied to the conventional bioartificial liver system as shown in
However, the plasma separation filter 100 and the absorption filter 300 applied to the present invention are coupled to be reciprocally piled one upon the other, in other words, since the plasma separation filter 100 and the absorption filter 300 can be unified into one body by coupling the absorption filter 300 to cover the side surface of the plasma separation filter 100, the user can install the plasma separation filter 100 and the absorption filter very easily without thinking of the orders of the plasma separation filter 100 and the absorption filter 300. If the plasma separation filter 100 and the absorption filter 300 are manufactured as one body, the numbers of the components and the installation space can be considerably reduced because an extra tube connecting the plasma separation filter 100 with the absorption filter 300 is not needed.
If the plasma separation filter 100 is constructed to directly contact the absorption filter 300, there is a worry about the separated plasma flowing in the transverse direction (horizontal direction in this embodiment) of the absorption filter 300 instead of flowing in the longitudinal direction of the absorption filter 300 while the separated plasma by the plasma separation filter 100 is passing through the absorption filter 300. In the embodiment of the apparatus for purifying blood in accordance with the present invention, the internal diaphragm is additionally formed between the plasma separation filter 100 and the absorption filter 300 in order to guide the flow direction of the separated plasma by the plasma separation filter 100 to pass through the absorption filter 300 in the longitudinal direction because the absorption filter 300 cannot be efficiently used since the area in contact with the absorption filter 300 becomes narrower when the plasma is flowing in the transverse direction of the absorption filter 300.
An internal diaphragm through-hole 210 is formed in the internal diaphragm to allow discharged plasma from the plasma separation filter 100 to flow into the absorption filter 300 and the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 can be formed to be biased towards one side of the internal diaphragm 200 in order to maximize the area over which the plasma contacts the absorption filter 300. The internal diaphragm through-hole 210 can be formed to be biased towards where blood is flowing in (upper portion in this embodiment) since a large amount of plasma will be discharged to one side surface of the plasma separation filter 100 when blood is entering one side of the plasma separation filter 100.
The internal diaphragm 200 and the middle diaphragm 500 can be omitted in the embodiment of the apparatus for purifying blood in accordance with the present invention when the plasma is entering only one side between two longitudinal sides of the absorption filter 300 and is discharged only through the other side.
The absorption filter 300 can be formed as one body and also can be constructed with a first absorption filter 310 and a second absorption filter 320 which perform the different functions as in the embodiment.
For example, when an anion exchange resin filter, coupled with the plasma protein, for absorbing bilirubin, and a charcoal filter, coupled with the plasma protein, for absorbing tryptophan, are needed, the first absorption filter 310 can be applied to the anion exchange resin filter and the second absorption filter 320 can be applied to the charcoal filter. Only the case where the first absorption filter 310 is applied to the exchange resin filter and the second absorption filter 320 is applied to the charcoal filter is described in this embodiment, the first absorption filter 310 and the second absorption filter 320 can be applied to various kinds of filters depending on a variety of situations such as the blood condition, the purifying condition, and the like.
When the absorption filter 300 is constructed as the first absorption filter 310 and the second absorption filter 320 as in the aforementioned case, the middle diaphragm 500 is formed between the first absorption filter 310 and the second absorption filter 320 to allow the plasma to smoothly pass through the first absorption filter and the second absorption filter 320 in the longitudinal direction.
When the middle diaphragm 500 is installed, a middle diaphragm through-hole 310 is formed in the middle diaphragm 500 to allow the separated plasma by the plasma separation filter 100 to pass through the first absorption filter 310 and the second absorption filter 320 step by step, the middle diaphragm through-hole 510 is biased towards the other side of the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 to allow the plasma transferred to the first absorption filter 310 via the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 to be transferred to the second absorption filter 320 after passing through the first absorption filter 310 in the longitudinal direction. When the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 is formed on the top of the internal diaphragm 200 as illustrated in this embodiment, the middle diaphragm through-hole 510 can be formed at the bottom of the middle diaphragm 500.
A plasma outlet 412 installed on the side surface of the body 410 is formed to be biased towards the other side of the middle diaphragm through-hole 510 to allow the transferred plasma to the second absorption filter 320 via the middle diaphragm through-hole 510 to be discharged outside of the housing 400 after passing through the second absorption filter 320 in the longitudinal direction. When the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 is formed in the top portion (i.e., the area biased towards the area where blood is flowing in) of the internal diaphragm 200, the middle diaphragm through-hole 510 can be formed in the bottom portion of the middle diaphragm 500 (i.e., the area biased towards the area where the blood cell is discharging) and the plasma outlet 412 can be formed in the top portion (i.e., the area biased towards the area where blood is flowing in) of the body 410.
When the absorption filter 300 is constructed as one filter instead of separating into the first absorption filter 310 and the second absorption filter 320, in other words, the middle diaphragm 500 is excluded, the plasma outlet 412 needs to be formed at the opposite side (i.e., the area towards the area where the blood cell is biased) of the internal diaphragm through-hole 210.
The housing 400 includes the body 410 formed as a cylinder shape to cover the outside surface of the absorption filter 300; an inlet cover 420 covering one side (i.e., the top portion in this embodiment) of the plasma separation filter 100 and the absorption filter 300; and an outlet cover 430 covering the other side (i.e., the bottom portion in this embodiment) of the plasma separation filter 100 and the absorption filter 300. At one side of the body 410, the plasma outlet 412 is formed in order to discharge the filtered plasma by the absorption filter 300, a blood inlet 422 is formed for the inflow of blood at the inlet cover 420, and a blood cell outlet 432 is formed for the discharge of the blood cell at the outlet cover 430.
When the inlet cover 420 and the outlet cover 430 are constructed to simply cover both ends of the plasma separation filter 100 and the internal diaphragm 200, there is a concern that the blood, which entered the blood inlet 422, can flow into the absorption filter 300 without passing through the plasma separation filter 100; when the inlet cover 420 and the outlet cover 430 are constructed to simply cover both sides of the middle diaphragm 500, there is a concern that the first absorption filter 310 and the second absorption filter 320 cannot be surely separated; when the inlet cover 420 and the outlet cover 430 are constructed to simply cover both sides of the body 410, there is a concern that the plasma can be drained between the body 410 and the inlet cover 420 or between the body 410 and the outlet cover 430. Therefore, at the inlet cover 420 and the outlet cover 430 as illustrated in
If the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 is formed only in one side of the internal diaphragm 200, the efficiency of the first absorption filter 310 will be much lowered since the plasma separated by the plasma separation filter 100 cannot be evenly distributed to each portion. In the same manner, if the middle diaphragm through-hole 510 is formed only in one side of the middle diaphragm 500, the efficiency of the second absorption filter 320 will be much lower since the plasma passed through the first absorption filter 310 cannot be evenly distributed to each portion.
To resolve the aforementioned problems, the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 and the middle diaphragm through-hole 510 are formed with multiple numbers to transversely cover the internal diaphragm 200 and the middle diaphragm 500 as illustrated in
Furthermore, if the area where the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 and the middle diaphragm through-hole 510 are formed is manufactured with the same thickness as the other area, there is a concern that the plasma can be delivered only to the corresponding portion with the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 and the middle diaphragm through-hole 510 instead of evenly being delivered to the whole internal circumference of the first absorption filter 310 and the second absorption filter 320 since the first absorption filter 310 and the second absorption filter 320 are pressing the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 or the middle diaphragm through-hole 510 with great force. Therefore, the internal diaphragm 200 and the middle diaphragm 500 are constructed in a concaved shape at the outer surface area where the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 and the middle diaphragm through-hole 510 are formed, and so that the flowed plasma via the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 and the middle diaphragm through-hole 510 can be evenly delivered to the whole internal circumference of the first absorption filter 310 and the second absorption filter 320.
When the outer surface area, where the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 and the middle diaphragm through-hole 510 are formed, are constructed in a concave shape along the outer surface of the internal diaphragm 200 and the middle diaphragm 500, the efficiency of the first absorption filter 310 and the second absorption filter 320 can be improved since the plasma discharged via the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 and the middle diaphragm through-hole 510 can flow into the arranged direction of the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 and the middle diaphragm through-hole 510 to a predetermined extent along the concave-shaped portion.
If the internal diaphragm 200 and the middle diaphragm 500 can pull the plasma separation filter 100 and the first absorption filter 310 inside, they can be applied to the polygonal pipe or the non-radially shaped pipe; and a round-shape pipe or a cylinder shape can be preferred to allow the plasma to evenly flow into all the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 and all the middle diaphragm through-hole 510. When the internal diaphragm 200 and the middle diaphragm 500 are formed in cylindrical shapes, the plasma separation filter 100, the absorption filter 300, and the body 410 also need to be formed in a cylindrical shape.
The plasma separation filter 100 included in the present invention is constructed with a bunch of tiny hollow fibers 110 as shown in
When a space is secured in between the hollow fibers 110 and the internal diaphragm 200, and in between different hollow fibers 100, the blood, which entered one side of the plasma separation filter 100 in the longitudinal direction, flows through the spaces between the hollow fibers 110 and the internal diaphragm 200 and the space between the hollow fibers 110 and the different hollow fibers instead of only flowing inside of the hollow fibers 110, so that the efficiency of the plasma separation is drastically lowered.
Therefore, binding materials are inserted to fill the spaces between the hollow fibers 110 and the internal diaphragm 200 and the spaces between the different fibers 110 on both longitudinal sides (top and bottom portion in
Once the binding materials 120 are installed on both longitudinal sides of the plasma separation filter 100, all the blood, which entered one side of the plasma separation filter 100 in the longitudinal direction, flows into the inside of the hollow fibers 110 and so that the efficiency of the plasma separation filter can be highly improved.
In this embodiment of the apparatus for purifying blood in accordance with the present invention, the first absorption filter 310a and the second absorption filter 320a are constructed to be arranged in series according to the inflow direction of the plasma. The first absorption filter 310a can be arranged to cover one side (i.e., the bottom side of the internal diaphragm 200 in this embodiment) of opposite longitudinal sides of the internal diaphragm 200 and the second absorption filter 320a can be arranged to cover the other (i.e., the top side of the internal diaphragm 200 in this embodiment) of the opposite longitudinal sides of the internal diaphragm 200.
When the first absorption filter 310a and the second absorption filter 320a are arranged according to the inflow direction of the plasma, the plasma passed through the plasma separation filter 100 can travel through the first absorption filter 310a and the second absorption filter 320a step-by-step. The advantages and the effects gained from the plasma's passing through the first absorption filter 310a and the second absorption filter 320a step-by-step will be described in detail below with reference to
Between the first absorption filter 310a and the second absorption filter 320a, a separation member 600 is installed to allow only the plasma to pass through while the substances of the first absorption filter 310a and the substances of the second absorption filter 320a cannot pass through. With the separation member 600, the first absorption filter 310a is separated from of the second absorption filter 320a.
The separation member 600 includes a plate 610 formed with at least one plate through-hole 612 and a mesh 620 coupled with the plate 610 to cover the through-hole. The mesh is very densely formed and plays a role not to allow the particle of the first absorption filter 310a and the particle of the second absorption filter to pass through; and the plate 610 plays a role to support the mesh 620 so as not to be distorted or changed.
If there is no concern that the mesh 620 be distorted or changed without being supported by the plate, the separation member can be formed with the mesh 620 only.
The internal diaphragm through-hole 210 is formed to be biased towards the first absorption filter 310a and the plasma outlet 412 is formed to be biased towards the second absorption filter 320a in order to allow the supplied blood via the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 after being separated by the plasma separation filter 100 to pass through the first absorption filter 310a and the second absorption filter 320a consecutively.
Furthermore, the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 can be built at the corresponding portion with the bottom of the first absorption filter 310a in order to allow the transferred plasma flowing through the first absorption filter 310a via the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 to be delivered to the second absorption filter 320a after passing through the first absorption filter in the longitudinal direction; and the plasma outlet 412 formed at the side wall of the body can be built at a predetermined portion corresponding to the top portion of the second absorption filter 320a in order to allow the transferred plasma to the second absorption filter 320a via the separation member 600 to be discharged outside of the housing after passing through the second absorption filter 320a in the longitudinal direction.
When the second embodiment of the apparatus for purifying blood of the present invention is used, the plasma separated by the plasma separation filter 100 can be delivered to the first absorption filter 310a via the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 formed at the bottom of the internal diaphragm 200. At this time, the plasma separated by the plasma separation filter 100 can be collected at the bottom because of its own weight. When the internal diaphragm through-hole 210 is formed at the bottom of the internal diaphragm 200, the plasma can be more efficiently delivered to the first absorption filter 310a.
The plasma, which entered the bottom of the first absorption filter 310a, moves upwardly and can be discharged outside of the housing 400 via the plasma outlet 412 after passing through the separation member 600 and the second absorption filter 320a consecutively.
In case of the apparatus for purifying blood with the configuration illustrated in
On the other hand, in case of the apparatus for purifying blood with the configuration illustrated in
While the present invention has been described in connection with the exemplary embodiments, it is not to be limited thereto but will be defined by the appended claims. It is to be understood that those skilled in the art can substitute, change or modify the embodiments in various forms without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2007-0092305 | Sep 2007 | KR | national |
| 10-2008-0089411 | Sep 2008 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2008/005373 | 9/11/2008 | WO | 00 | 7/27/2010 |
