Patent Application
20170370252
This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2016-0080323, filed on Jun. 27, 2016, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus for reducing or preventing windage loss of steam turbines for reducing or minimizing damage to a blade caused by a rise in temperature at an outlet stage of a high-pressure turbine due to operation of the steam turbine.
Generally, steam is supplied to a heat supply and storage tank after a high-pressure turbine. When a medium-pressure turbine is started-up for cogeneration in a state in which a condenser is not operated, the high-pressure turbine is rotated and a temperature at an outlet stage of the high-pressure turbine rapidly rises occurs. The rapid rise in temperature at the outlet stage may be referred to as a windage loss phenomenon.
In a case in which the windage phenomenon is continued, a turbine positioned at the last stage of the high-pressure turbine that is heated as described above causes damage to a bucket.
The bucket positioned at the stage corresponds to, for example, a sixth-stage turbine or a seventh-stage turbine among multiple turbines in the high-pressure turbine. When the turbine positioned at the stage is damaged, operation thereof needs to be stopped.
In particular, since when the cogeneration is simultaneously performed, district heating may also be stopped at the same time, a method capable of reducing or minimizing the windage loss for stable operation of the high-pressure turbine and stable cogeneration, is needed.
An object of the present disclosure is to provide an apparatus for reducing or preventing windage loss of steam turbines capable of reducing or minimizing damage to a last-stage bucket caused by the windage loss in a high-pressure turbine under a condition that the high-pressure turbine, a medium-pressure turbine, and a heat supply and storage tank are started-up.
In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus for reducing or preventing windage loss of steam turbines, including: a turbine unit including a high-pressure turbine, a medium-pressure turbine, and a low-pressure turbine; a condenser in which steam passing through the low-pressure turbine is supplied and heat-exchanged; a tank unit in which steam generated at the time of operation of the turbine unit is converted into condensed water after being condensed, and stored; a steam supplier supplying additional steam to an inlet stage of the high-pressure turbine to reduce or minimize a rapid rise in temperature at an outlet stage of the high-pressure turbine due to speed-up of the medium-pressure turbine under a condition that the condenser is not operated; a sensor sensing the temperature at the outlet stage of the high-pressure turbine and internal pressure; and a controller controlling an amount of steam supplied by the steam supplier by receiving data on the temperature and the pressure sensed by the sensor.
The steam supplier may include an extension pipe extending toward between a second-stage turbine and a third-stage turbine among turbines configuring the high-pressure turbine, a steam generator supplying steam to the extension pipe, and a first control valve positioned at any extended position of the extension pipe and of which an opening degree is controlled by the controller.
The extension pipe may supply steam at a side of a turbine blade provided in the high-pressure turbine in a state in which the extension pipe is orthogonal to a shaft of the high-pressure turbine.
The extension pipe may have an end formed in a nozzle form.
The extension pipe may supply steam in a rotation direction of the high-pressure turbine.
The extension pipe may include a first extension pipe extending toward a turbine blade in order to supply steam in a rotation direction of the high-pressure turbine, and a second extension pipe positioned opposite to the first extension pipe and extending to supply steam in the rotation direction of the turbine blade.
The apparatus may further include a return pipe of which one end is connected to the outlet stage of the high-pressure turbine and the other end is connected to the tank unit, and through which the steam supplied to the inlet stage of the high-pressure turbine is drained.
The return pipe may include a second control valve controlling an amount of drained steam.
The controller may control pressure of the steam supplied by the steam supplier based on pressure data according to pressure drop between the second-stage turbine and the third-stage turbine.
The steam supplier may further include a pressure controller installed at the extension pipe in order to supply the additional steam supplied to the high-pressure turbine at different pressure by the controller.
Steam drained from the medium-pressure turbine may be stored in a heat supply and storage tank in which heating water for heating is stored.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus for reducing or preventing windage loss of steam turbines, including: a turbine unit including a high-pressure turbine, a medium-pressure turbine, and a low-pressure turbine; a condenser in which steam passing through the low-pressure turbine is supplied and heat-exchanged; a tank unit in which steam generated at the time of operation of the turbine unit is converted into condensed water after being condensed, and stored; a steam supplier supplying additional steam to an inlet stage and an outlet stage of the high-pressure turbine to reduce or minimize a rapid rise in temperature at an outlet stage of the high-pressure turbine due to speed-up of the medium-pressure turbine under a condition that the condenser is not operated; a sensor sensing the temperature at the outlet stage of the high-pressure turbine and internal pressure; and a controller controlling an amount of steam supplied by the steam supplier so as not to generate damage at the outlet stage by receiving data on the temperature and the pressure sensed by the sensor.
The steam supplier may include a first extension pipe extending toward between a second-stage turbine and a third-stage turbine among turbines configuring the high-pressure turbine, a third extension pipe extending toward the last stage of the high-pressure turbine, and a steam generator supplying steam to the first and third extension pipes.
The steam supplier may further include a first control valve positioned at any extended position of the first and third extension pipes and of which an opening degree is controlled by the controller.
The controller may perform a control to simultaneously supply steam to the first and third extension pipes or to supply the steam to any one of the first extension pipe and the third extension pipe.
When the steam is simultaneously supplied to the first and third extension pipes, the controller may control pressure of the steam supplied to the first extension pipe and pressure of the steam supplied to the third extension pipe to be different from each other.
The apparatus may further include a return pipe of which one end is connected to the outlet stage of the high-pressure turbine and the other end is connected to the tank unit, and through which the steam supplied to the inlet stage of the high-pressure turbine is drained.
The above and other objects, features and other advantages of the present disclosure will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.
An apparatus fore reducing or preventing windage loss of steam turbines according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.
Referring to
Further, according to the present disclosure, high-temperature steam of which a temperature is decreased by passing through a turbine unit 100 is reused as a heat source for cogeneration, thereby improving energy reuse efficiency.
The apparatus for reducing or preventing windage loss of steam turbines according to the present disclosure includes the turbine unit 100, a condenser 200, a tank unit 300, a steam supplier 400, a sensor 500, and a controller 600.
The turbine unit 100 includes the high-pressure turbine 110, a medium-pressure turbine 120, and a low-pressure turbine 130, and may transfer rotational force to a generator 2 since the generator 2 is connected to a shaft of the high-pressure turbine 110.
The high-pressure turbine 110 includes, for example, a first-stage turbine to n+1-th-stage turbine, for example, a first-stage turbine to a seventh-stage turbine. A clutch 3 controlling connection and disconnection of the rotational force to the low-pressure turbine 130 is installed in the shaft connecting between the medium-pressure turbine 120 and the low-pressure turbine 130.
The condenser 200 is positioned below the low-pressure turbine 130 and has a heat exchange pipe extending and bent at a predetermined length while passing through the condenser 200 multiple times. In the condenser 200, when the steam of the low-pressure turbine 130 is supplied, the steam is changed into medium-temperature steam through heat exchange.
The tank unit 300 which is a tank storing steam discharged from an outlet stage 112 of the high-pressure turbine 110, may have a predetermined size and the predetermined number.
In the tank unit 300, the steam generated at the time of operation of the high-pressure turbine 110 of the turbine unit 100 is converted into condensed water after being condensed, and stored.
The steam supplier 400 supplies additional steam to an inlet stage 111 of the high-pressure turbine 110 to reduce or minimize a rapid rise in temperature at the outlet stage 112 of the high-pressure turbine 110 due to speed-up of the medium-pressure turbine under a condition that the condenser 200 is not operated.
The steam supplier 400 includes an extension pipe 410 extending toward between a second-stage turbine and a third-stage turbine among the turbines of the high-pressure turbine 110, a steam generator 420 supplying steam to the extension pipe 410, and a first control valve 430 positioned at any extended position of the extension pipe 410 and of which an opening degree is controlled by the controller 600.
The extension pipe 410 extends between the second-stage turbine and the third-stage turbine while passing through an inspection hole pre-formed to inspect between the second-stage turbine and the third-stage turbine in an outer casing forming an appearance of the high-pressure turbine 110.
The extension pipe 410 is a pipe or a tube having a general circular cross-section and includes a heat insulation pad for heat insulation at an outer circumferential surface to reduce or minimize heat loss, thereby reducing or minimizing heat loss to the outside even when the steam is supplied.
As the steam generator 420, for example, a boiler unit is used to supply steam to the extension pipe 410, and the boiler unit includes a main boiler and an auxiliary boiler. The main boiler supplies steam to the extension pipe 410, and when the main boiler is broken down or malfunctions, the auxiliary boiler is operated, thereby stably supplying the steam to the extension pipe 410.
It is to be noted that the steam generator 420 may also be configured to include a component generating steam other than the above-described boiler unit.
The additional steam is supplied through the extension pipe 410, and thus is moved to the outlet stage 112 at which stagnant high temperature is maintained and then causes flow of fluid to move to a return pipe 50 to be described below together with gas having high-temperature heat energy, thereby reducing or preventing a phenomenon that the temperature at the outlet stage 112 is overheated, and maintaining a circulation state of the steam.
Therefore, a phenomenon that the temperature rapidly rises at the outlet stage 112 of the high-pressure turbine 110 may be reduced or minimized.
The first control valve 430 is provided to control an amount of steam supplied to the high-pressure turbine 110 through the extension pipe 410, and an opening degree thereof is selectively controlled by the controller 600 to be described below.
Referring to
The turbine blade 114 rotates in a specific direction. When the high-pressure turbine 110 is rotated in a state in which there is no steam, windage loss phenomenon that the temperature at the outlet stage 112 of the high-pressure turbine 110 is overheated may occur.
According to the present embodiment, the extension pipe 410 extends toward the above-mentioned stage of the high-pressure turbine 110 and an end thereof extends toward a direction in which the turbine blade 114 rotates so that the steam is supplied in the rotation direction of the turbine blade 114 to reduce or minimize the windage loss phenomenon.
The end of the extension pipe 410 extending between the second-stage turbine and the third-stage turbine of the high-pressure turbine 110 may have a nozzle form, and in this case, the nozzle may include a single nozzle or a plurality of nozzles.
In the case in which the extension pipe 410 is configured in the nozzle form, a discharge speed of the steam may be increased, thereby allowing the steam to be supplied toward the second-stage turbine and the third-stage turbine at a high speed.
Referring to
However, disposition thereof may be similar to that illustrated in the drawings, and the number thereof may also be changed.
The state in which there is no steam in the high-pressure turbine 110 may not be maintained by supplying the steam to the turbine blade 114 through the first and second extension pipes 412 and 414.
The first extension pipe 412 extends toward the turbine blade 114 in order to supply the steam in the rotation direction of the high-pressure turbine 110, and the second extension pipe 414 is positioned opposite to the first extension pipe 412 and extends to supply the steam in the rotation direction of the turbine blade 114.
The disposition of the first and second extension pipes 412 and 414 may be variously changed without being limited to the layout illustrated in the drawings. For example, the first extension pipe 412 may extend toward the 12 o'clock direction from the left side and the second extension pipe 414 may extend toward the 6 o'clock direction from the lower right side, based on a front surface of the high-pressure turbine 110.
In this case, the steam sprayed toward the turbine blade 114 from the first extension pipe 412 and the steam sprayed toward the turbine blade 114 from the second extension pipe 414 are supplied respectively in the directions shown by arrows and the turbine blade 114 rotates in a dotted line arrow direction.
Here, in the turbine blade 114, a position where the additional steam is supplied through the first extension pipe 412 and a position where the addition steam is supplied through the second extension pipe 414 are different from each other. However, the additional steam may be easily moved to the outlet stage 112 along an axis direction in the high-pressure turbine 110 and the additional steam moved to the outlet stage of the high-pressure turbine 110 may forcibly move gas of which high temperature is maintained to the outlet stage 112, thereby reducing or preventing a rise in temperature at the outlet stage 112 of the high-pressure turbine 110.
Accordingly, the last-stage bucket may be stably used without being damaged due to windage loss at the outlet stage 112 of the high-pressure turbine 110.
According to the present embodiment, the apparatus for reducing or preventing windage loss of steam turbines includes the return pipe 50 of which one end is connected to the outlet stage 112 of the high-pressure turbine 110 and the other end is connected to the tank unit 300, and through which steam supplied to the inlet stage 111 of the high-pressure turbine 110 is drained.
The return pipe 500 includes a second control valve 52 controlling an amount of drained steam. One return pipe 50 or a plurality of return pipes 50 may be provided, and the number of the return pipe 50 is not particularly limited. Further, the additional steam is mixed and drained together with the high temperature gas moved to the outlet stage 112.
Referring to
The temperature sensor is not damaged and stably operated under high temperature condition, and a pressure sensor sensing internal pressure may be provided together with the temperature sensor.
Data on temperature sensed by the sensor 500 is transmitted to the controller 600, and the controller 600 controls the steam supplier 400.
For example, the controller 600 controls pressure of steam supplied by the steam supplier 400 based on pressure data according to pressure drop between the second-stage turbine and the third-stage turbine.
In the high-pressure turbine 110, as the stage number increases from the first-stage turbine to the n+1-th-stage turbine, the pressure drop occurs, and the controller 600 may perform a control for pressure compensation for additional steam that is additionally supplied according to the pressure drop, such that it is possible to provide steam while maintaining optimal pressure. The steam pressure may be easily controlled as described above by inputting, to the controller 600, the pressure drop according to the stage number from the first-stage turbine to the n+1-th-stage turbine using pressure data values provided to a manufacturer of the turbine in advance.
For example, as the stage number is changed between the second-stage turbine and the third-stage turbine, pressure difference due to the pressure drop is generated between the second-stage turbine and the third-stage turbine. Pressure of the additional steam supplied through the extension pipe 410 may be controlled according to the corresponding stage number of the high-pressure turbine 110 in consideration of variables according to the pressure drop, and the additional steam may be supplied at the controlled pressure, thus the additional steam may easily move to the outlet stage 112.
The steam supplier 400 includes a pressure controller 700 installed at the extension pipe 410 in order to supply the additional steam supplied to the high-pressure turbine at different pressure by the controller 600. The pressure controller 700 may be configured as a separate valve, and the number thereof is not particularly limited. Further, the supply pressure of the additional steam may be easily controlled by the pressure controller 700, thereby minimizing windage loss of the high-pressure turbine 110.
Steam drained from the medium-pressure turbine 120 is stored in a heat supply and storage tank 800 in which heating water for district heating is stored. The heat supply and storage tank 800, which is provided for cogeneration, stores high-temperature steam, and is connected with a separate pipe to supply the high-temperature steam to a district requiring heating.
An apparatus for reducing or preventing windage loss of steam turbines according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.
Referring to
The apparatus for reducing or preventing windage loss of steam turbines according to the present embodiment is to reduce or minimize damage to a last-stage bucket of the high-pressure turbine 110 caused by the windage loss by discharging stagnant high temperature gas together with additional steam by supplying the additional steam such that a temperature does not rapidly rises in a state in which there is no steam at the outlet stage of the high-pressure turbine 110, when the turbine unit 100 is operated using high-temperature steam generated in the steam turbine using the steam.
In particular, according to the present embodiment, the steam supplier 4000 extends toward the inlet stage 111 and the outlet stage 112 of the high-pressure turbine 110, respectively, and the additional steam may be supplied to the inlet stage 111 and the outlet stage 112 at the same time by the controller 600 to be described below, or may be selectively supplied to any one of inlet stage 111 and the outlet stage 112.
In this case, the problem caused by the windage loss may be reduced or minimized by selecting supply position of the additional steam based on a temperature state of the outlet stage 112 of the high-pressure turbine 110.
Since main configurations of the present embodiment are similar to those of the aforementioned first embodiment, the steam supplier 4000 having different configuration will be mainly described.
The steam supplier 4000 supplies additional steam to the inlet stage 111 of the high-pressure turbine 110 to minimize a rapid rise in temperature at the outlet stage 112 of the high-pressure turbine 110 due to speed-up of the medium-pressure turbine 120 under a condition that the condenser 200 is not operated.
The steam supplier 400 includes a first extension pipe 4100 extending toward between a second-stage turbine and a third-stage turbine among the turbines configuring the high-pressure turbine 110, a third extension pipe 4200 extending toward the last stage of the high-pressure turbine 110, and a steam generator 4300 supplying steam to the first and third extension pipes 4100 and 4200.
The first and third extension pipes 4100 and 4200 are pipes or tubes having a general circular cross-section and include a heat insulation pad (not illustrated) for heat insulation at an outer circumferential surface to minimize heat loss, thereby reducing or minimizing heat loss to the outside even when the steam is supplied.
The heat insulation pad may reduce or minimize heat loss of the additional steam generated from the steam generator 4300 by blocking the heat loss to the outside when a temperature of the outside air is maintained to be low.
As the steam generator 4300, a boiler unit for supplying steam to the first and third extension pipes 4100 and 4200 is used, and the boiler unit includes a main boiler and an auxiliary boiler.
The first extension pipe 4100 extends toward between the second-stage turbine and the third-stage turbine of the high-pressure turbine 110, and the third extension pipe 4200 extends toward the last-stage turbine of the high-pressure turbine 110 or a turbine of a stage adjacent to the last stage.
Referring to
When the controller 600 performs a control to simultaneously supply the steam to the first and third extension pipes 4100 and 4200 extending toward the high-pressure turbine 110, a high temperature state around the last-stage bucket of the high-pressure turbine 110 may be changed to a low temperature state in the least amount of time. In this case, a phenomenon that a bucket of the outlet stage 112 of the high-pressure turbine 110 may be reduced or minimized, thereby improving safety and efficiency at the same time.
Referring to
The reason why the pressure of the additional steam supplied to the first extension pipe 4100 is high is to maintain sufficient pressure energy to be supplied to the last-stage turbine of the high-pressure turbine 110.
The apparatus for reducing or preventing windage loss of steam turbines includes a return pipe 50 of which one end is connected to the outlet stage 112 of the high-pressure turbine 110 and the other end is connected to the tank unit 300, and through which steam supplied to the inlet stage 111 of the high-pressure turbine 110 is drained.
The steam supplier 4000 includes a first control valve 4400 positioned at any extended position of the first and third extension pipes 4100 and 4200 and of which an opening degree is controlled by the controller 600.
The first control valve 4400 is operated so that the opening degree thereof is increased or decreased depending on an amount of supplied additional steam, and thus is operated so that the additional steam is supplied under optimal condition according to the internal temperature and pressure of the high-pressure turbine 110.
According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, it is possible to stably reduce or prevent the windage loss phenomenon that may be generated when the steam turbine including the heat supply and storage tank is started-up, thereby reducing or minimizing damage to the high-pressure turbine.
According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, since the optimal amount of additional steam supplied to the high-pressure turbine may be calculated and supplied, it is possible to economically operate the turbine unit without operating the condenser.
According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, since additional steam may be supplied to the inlet stage and the outlet stage of the high-pressure turbine, respectively, it is possible to reduce or minimize a rise in temperature of the high-pressure turbine.
The breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents. Moreover, the above advantages and features are provided in described embodiments, but shall not limit the application of the claims to processes and structures accomplishing any or all of the above advantages.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2016-0080323 | Jun 2016 | KR | national |
