Patent Grant
9121798
This disclosure relates generally to smearing a fluid and, in particular, to spreading a fluid across a substrate.
Analysis of a biological sample includes the step of placing the biological sample on a substrate, such as a microscope slide, for examination. Once placed on the substrate, the biological sample may be smeared across the substrate, thereby forming a wider and thinner layer of the biological sample to enable more efficient processing, imaging and examination of components of the biological sample. However, non-uniformity may lead to problems with imaging and examination, thereby leading to errors and incorrect analysis. As a result, practitioners, researchers, and those working with suspensions or solutions continue to seek an apparatus and method for repeatedly and uniformly spreading a biological sample, a solution, or a suspension across a substrate.
This disclosure is directed to fluid spreaders and methods for spreading a fluid across a substrate. A spreader includes a wiper and a frame. The wiper and the frame may mate to permit translation of the wiper across, and with respect to, the frame. The wiper spreads the fluid across the substrate and the frame supports the wiper and the substrate. The frame may also include a ramp to cause a portion of the wiper to lift away from the substrate.
The wiper 102 also includes a first wing 114 and a second wing 116. The first and second wings 114 and 116 include first and second flanges 118 and 120, respectively. The first and second flanges 114 and 116 are directed inward to mate with a first guide (not shown) and a second guide 118, respectively, located on opposite sides of the frame 104 handle 106 flanges 114 and 116.
The frame 104 includes parallel first and second arms 122 and 124 that extend from a stanchion 126. The first and second arms 122 and 124 each include a shelf 128. The shelf 128 is a cut-out from an inner top portion of the respective side. The shelf 128 supports the substrate when the substrate is inserted into the frame 104. The shelf 128 inhibits translation of the substrate relative to the frame 104. The first and second arms 122 and 124 may be adjustable, thereby allowing for different dimensioned substrates to be used within the same frame 104.
The wiper 102 and the frame 104 may be interlockable via a tongue and groove connection to permit translation of the wiper 102 across, and with respect to, the frame 104. The first and second flanges 118 and 120 of the wiper 102 (i.e. the tongues) mate with a first guide (not shown) and a second guide 130 (i.e. the grooves), respectively. The first guide (not shown) and the second guide 130 include a linear portion 132 and a ramp 134. The linear portion 132 permits the wiper 102 to drag the fluid across the substrate at a consistent height. When the wiper 102 reaches and moves across the ramp 134, the blade 112 is lifted away from the substrate to avoid spreading off of the edges and end of the substrate while also allowing for ease of removal of the substrate from the frame 104. The ramp 134 may be angled or curved. The stanchion 126 may support at least a portion of the wiper 102 when the wiper 102 reaches the end of the ramp 134 in such a manner so as to prevent the blade 112 and/or the extension 110 from touching the stanchion 126 or any other portion of the frame 104. Alternatively, movement of the wiper 102 relative to the frame 104 may be constrained to the x-y plane, such as by a flexure mechanism, motorized actuator, linear or non-linear guides, a rotary mechanism, rack-and-pinion, or the like. Alternatively, the flanges may be located on the frame 104 whereas the guides may be located on the wiper 102.
The wiper 402 also includes a platform 416. The platform 416 may include first and second support members 418 and 420 extending from and connected to the main body 406. An extension 422 connects the first and second support members 418 and 420 at an end opposite the end at which the first and second support members 418 and 420 connect to the main body 406. The extension 422 includes a blade 424 to interact with a fluid on a substrate, thereby spreading the fluid across the substrate. The blade 424 may be hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The first and second support members 418 and 420 may include flexures 426. The flexures 426 may be cut-outs from the first and second support members 418 and 420 or flexible material to permit flexion of the blade 424 relative to the main body 406. The blade 424 may be sized to contact at least a portion of a surface of the substrate or may be sized so as to not contact the surface of the substrate. The blade 424 may be tapered or flat. The blade 424 may be composed of metal, ceramic, rubber, plastic, or a combination thereof. The wiper 402 also includes feet 428 at the junction of the extension 422 and the first and second support members 418 and 420, respectively, which extend downward and may engage the substrate to maintain a consistent blade height relative to the substrate. The flexures 426 may also be pre-loaded to keep the feet 428 in constant contact with the substrate. Alternatively, the feet 428 may engage a shelf of the frame 404.
The wiper 402 may also include a connector 430. The connector 430 may be located in the main body 406. The connector 430 permits a vessel (not shown) to dispense a fluid onto the substrate without having to transfer the fluid or portion thereof to the substrate before being inserted into the frame. The connector 430 may be a hole, a hollow receptacle, or may be a receptacle with a needle. For example, a tube or tubular main body with a flexible bottom may be inverted such that a cap is punctured by the needle. The flexible bottom is pushed, which draws a pre-determined volume of fluid through the needle. The fluid is then dispensed onto the substrate from the needle. Alternatively, the fluid may be dispensed via a syringe, a compressible cap, a pump via a fitting, or the like.
The connector 430 may be threaded or embedded with a Luer lock. The connector 430 may be any appropriate shape, including, but not limited to cylindrical, rectangular, conical, pyramidal, or the like. The vessel, upon connection with the connector 430, may be used as a handle. Alternatively, the wiper 402 may also include handle to move the wiper 402 relative to the frame 404.
The frame 404 includes a first arm 432 and a second arm 434, the first and second arms 432 and 434 being disconnected at one end and connected at another end via a stanchion 436. The first and second arms 432 and 434 each include a shelf 438. The shelf 438 is a cut-out from an inner top portion of the respective side. A lip 440 is then cut out from the respective shelf 438 within each side. The lip 440 supports the substrate when the substrate is inserted into the frame 404, whereas the shelf 438 supports the feet 428 of the platform 416. The lip 440 inhibits translation of the substrate relative to the frame 404. The first and second arms 432 and 434 may be adjustable, thereby permitting different dimensioned substrates to be used within the same frame 404.
The respective guides 414 are linear. Each shelf 438 also includes a riser 442 that lifts the platform 416 away from the substrate when the wiper 402 reaches the end of the shelf 438. The feet 428 of the platform 416 then rest in a detent 444 located behind each riser 442. A dock 446 supports at least a portion of the wiper 402, such as the blade 424, when the feet 428 reach the detents 444. Alternatively, the guides may be located on the wiper 402 whereas the flanges may be located on the frame 404. The wiper 402 may be moved relative to the frame 404 manually or mechanically by, including, but not limited to, a flexure mechanism, motorized actuator, linear or non-linear guides, a rotary mechanism, or the like.
The frame 404 may also include a back plate. The back plate may include a controllable drive mechanism to move the wiper 402 along the frame 404 at a constant rate. The controllable drive mechanism includes, but is not limited to, a spring, a damper (e.g. a rotary or linear damper) to move the wiper (not shown) at a constant rate. The controllable drive mechanism may be used to move the wiper (not shown) along the frame at a predictable motion profile as the fluid droplet changes size across the substrate.
The wiper 502 also includes a platform 516. The platform 516 may include first and second support members 518 and 520 extending from and connected to the main body 504. An extension 522 connects the first and second support members 518 and 520 at an end opposite the end at which the first and second support members 518 and 520 connect to the main body 506. The extension 522 includes a blade 524 to interact with a fluid on a substrate, thereby spreading the fluid across the substrate. The blade 524 may be hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The first and second support members 518 and 520 may include flexures 526. The flexures 526 may be cut-outs from the first and second support members 518 and 520 or flexible material to permit flexion of the blade 524 relative to the main body 506. The blade 524 may be sized to contact at least a portion of a surface of the substrate or may be sized so as to not contact the surface of the substrate. The blade 524 may be metal, ceramic, rubber, plastic, or a combination thereof. The blade 524 may be tapered or flat. The wiper 502 also includes feet 528 at the junction of the extension 522 and the first and second support members 518 and 520, respectively, which extend downward and may engage the substrate to maintain a consistent blade height relative to the substrate. The flexures 526 may also be pre-loaded to keep the feet 528 in constant contact with the substrate. Alternatively, the feet 528 may engage a shelf of the frame 504. track 548 The first and second wings 508 and 510 may include a cut-out 530 to permit an operator or another device to grip the wiper 502 to be dragged across the frame 504. The first and second wings 508 and 510 may also include a guard 532 to prevent the operator or another device from disturbing other samples when at least two frames are placed side-by-side. The guard 532 may also permit for consistent grip height from wiper to wiper and when the wiper is moved from frame to frame.
The wiper 502 may also include a connector 534. The connector 534 may be a separate piece from the wiper 502 and may attach to the main body 506 of the wiper 502 via an attachment segment 536. The attachment segment 536 may be a clip so as to slip onto the main body 506. The connector 534 permits a vessel (not shown) to dispense a fluid onto the substrate without having to transfer the fluid or portion thereof to the substrate before being inserted into the frame. The connector 534 may include a bore 538 within a pedestal 540 extending from the attachment segment 536 towards the blade 542 of the wiper 502. The bore 538 may accept or mate with the vessel and may be threaded or may include a Luer lock. Alternatively, the bore 538 may include a needle to puncture the vessel. For example, a tube or tubular main body with a flexible bottom may be inverted such that a cap is punctured by the needle. The flexible bottom is pushed, which draws a pre-determined volume of fluid through the needle. The fluid is then dispensed onto the substrate from the needle. Alternatively, the fluid may be dispensed via a syringe, a compressible cap, a pump via a fitting, or the like.
The frame 502 includes a stanchion 542 which adjoins first and second sides 544 and 546. Each side of the frame 502 includes the guide 514, which may extend the full length of the respective side or may extend only a portion of the respective side. When the guide 514 only extends a portion of the respective side, the guide 514 may include a notch 548 to permit insertion of the wiper 502 onto the guide 514. The track 548 may be angled to maintain a relative distance of the blade 524 to the sample based on the changing volume of the not-yet-smeared portion of the sample (i.e. to maintain a consistent blade 524 to smear area ratio). Each flange 512 may be passed through the respective notch 548 and then moved to engage the respective guide 514. Each side also includes a shelf 550 to support the substrate when the substrate is inserted into the frame 504 and a mantle 552 to support and engage the feet 528 of the wiper 502. The mantle 552 may include a riser 554 to lift the blade 524 of the wiper 502 away from the substrate. The frame 504 may also include a lip 556 to inhibit translation of the substrate relative to the frame 504. Each side of the frame 504 may include a cut-out 558 to permit an operator or another device to grip the frame 504 while the wiper 502 is dragged across the frame 504. Each side of the frame 504 may also include a base 560 so that the operator or another device may stabilize the frame 504 by exerting a force on the frame 504. The frame 504 may also include a cavity 562 to permit the substrate to be inserted and removed from the frame 504 without touching the portion of the substrate that has or may receive the sample. The frame 504 may be level or angled (i.e. approximately 0.1°-5°).
The frame 504 may also include a back plate. The back plate may include controllable drive mechanism (not shown) to move the wiper 502 along the frame 504 at a constant rate. The controllable drive mechanism (not shown) includes, but is not limited to, a spring, a damper (e.g. a rotary or linear damper) to move the wiper (not shown) at a constant rate. The controllable drive mechanism (not shown) may be used to move the wiper (not shown) along the frame at a predictable motion profile as the fluid droplet changes size across the substrate.
The wiper 600 may also include an abutment 614 that extends between the main body 506 and the receptacle 602 to support the receptacle 602. The brace 604 may be connected to the main body 506 via the flexures 526. The brace 604 includes a blade 616 similar to the blade 524.
The wiper may be composed of a variety of different materials including, but not limited to, a ceramic; metals; organic or inorganic materials; and plastic materials; and combinations thereof. The wiper may be disposable or re-useable. The frame may be composed of a variety of different materials including, but not limited to, a ceramic; metals; organic or inorganic materials; and plastic materials; and combinations thereof. The frame may be disposable or re-useable. The tracks may be on the outer side of the respective first and second sides or may be on the inner side of the respective first and second sides.
Alternatively, the spreader may include multiple frames lined up next to one another. A wiper may include multiple blades, such that the number of blades is equal to the number of frames. The blades may share a handle such that pulling on the handle causes all of the blades to move simultaneously. The blades may also share first and second arms so as to move off the substrates in unison.
Alternatively, the spreader may be housed in a cartridge to be inserted into a machine and then ejected from the machine after use. A lid of the cartridge may be removable to access the contents or a handle and connector may extend through the lid, so as to dispense the fluid onto the substrate and the move wiper to spread the fluid.
For the sake of convenience, the methods are described with reference to an example fluid of buffy coat. But the methods described below are not intended to be so limited in their scope of application. The methods, in practice, may be used with any kind of suspension, solution, or fluid. For example, a sample fluid may be urine, blood, Buffy coat, red blood cells, plasma, bone marrow, cystic fluid, ascites fluid, stool, semen, cerebrospinal fluid, nipple aspirate fluid, saliva, amniotic fluid, vaginal secretions, mucus membrane secretions, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, vomit, and any other physiological fluid or semi-solid. The method and apparatus may also be used with another appropriate solution or suspension. Furthermore, the example fluids may be mixed with a processing solution, such as a preservative, a cell adhesion solution, a fixative, or the like, from previous processing or for subsequent processing and analysis.
In block 708, a wiper may be dragged across a frame to spread the sample on the substrate. The protrusion interacts with the buffy coat, thereby wicking the buffy coat outwards (i.e. width) and/or across (i.e. length) the microscope slide. When guides of the wiper slide up a ramp within a track of the frame, the protrusion is lifted away from the microscope slide. In block 710, the substrate may then be removed from the shelf either horizontally or vertically, so as to inhibit any run-off or movement of the buffy coat from the substrate.
In diamond 712, a determination may be made as to whether or not any sample remains in the vessel to be distributed. In oval 714, when no buffy coat remains, the process ends. However, when buffy coat remains, the process continues, starting at block 704 and a new substrate is placed onto the shelf, the wiper is reset, and the process is repeated as many times necessary until the vessel is empty.
The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the systems and methods described herein. The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments are presented by way of examples for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive of or to limit this disclosure to the precise forms described. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments are shown and described in order to best explain the principles of this disclosure and practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize this disclosure and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of this disclosure be defined by the following claims and their equivalents:
This application claims the benefit of Provisional Application No. 61/869,881, filed Aug. 26, 2013.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2655898 | McNeil | Oct 1953 | A |
| 3683850 | Grabhorn | Aug 1972 | A |
| 3880111 | Levine et al. | Apr 1975 | A |
| 3888206 | Faulkner | Jun 1975 | A |
| 4027623 | Adler | Jun 1977 | A |
| 4030341 | Sullivan | Jun 1977 | A |
| 4359013 | Prevo | Nov 1982 | A |
| 4392450 | Prevo | Jul 1983 | A |
| 4494479 | Drury et al. | Jan 1985 | A |
| 4516522 | Drury et al. | May 1985 | A |
| 6083759 | Teshima | Jul 2000 | A |
| 7820381 | Lemme et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 20020132222 | Lossing et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20090253592 | Kram | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1503202 | Feb 2005 | EP |
| 2565617 | Mar 2013 | EP |
| 2565617 | Mar 2013 | EP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20150056695 A1 | Feb 2015 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61869881 | Aug 2013 | US |
