Apparatus for the Aftertreatment of the Exhaust Gases of Diesel Engines

Abstract

The subject matter of the invention is apparatuses for the aftertreatment of the exhaust gases of diesel engines. The apparatus comprises a pipe (2), through which the exhaust gases flow, a nozzle for injecting an additive into the pipe (2), and a mixing section (3) which is arranged behind the nozzle. A mixing pipe (20) is inserted into the pipe (2) adjacently to the nozzle. Said mixing pipe (20) is provided with large-area perforations (22) on the circumference, is seated in the pipe (2) with a radial spacing, has a closure cover (25) at its end with a receptacle (26) for the nozzle and, at its other end, has a funnel-shaped widened portion (23) which bears against the pipe (2) at least in regions.

Description

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

The invention relates to devices for aftertreatment of exhaust gases of diesel engines according to the preamble of Claim 1.

PRIOR ART

Modern aftertreatment methods for the exhaust gases of diesel engines require the addition of additives to the exhaust gas to allow the respective chemical reactions to take place with optimal effect. Thus, to improve and maintain selective catalytic reduction in the so-called SCR method, ammonia, usually in the form of an aqueous urea solution, must be added to the exhaust gas in a downstream SCR catalyst. Hydrocarbons are added to the exhaust gases to improve and maintain the catalytic function of a diesel oxidation catalyst. Hydrocarbons are also added to the exhaust gases to initiate regeneration of a loaded diesel soot particulate filter.

In many of the aforementioned cases, the additives are injected into the exhaust gas stream in an extremely finely divided form. Then a so-called mixing zone follows downstream from the nozzle, where the exhaust gases and the additives are to be mixed as homogeneously as possible. When using an aqueous urea solution as the additive in particular, this mixing zone must be long enough so that sufficient time remains for the water to evaporate completely.

In addition, it is necessary to ensure that the additives do not come in contact with the pipe wall until it is completely evaporated. Since the pipe wall is usually colder than the exhaust gas itself, the additive would be deposited there. This might result in attack on the pipe but in particular then the proper amount of additive would be missing from the exhaust gas aftertreatment reaction, which would then only take place incompletely. This is unsatisfactory.

The technical world has of course attempted to remedy these disadvantages. In particular it has been proposed that static mixing elements in the form of blades set at a fixed angle, plates and the like should be installed in the mixing zone to achieve a thorough mixing of the two even with a short mixing zone by creating turbulence in the mixture of exhaust gas and additive. Unfortunately, these known proposed approaches have entailed high costs and especially high backpressures. Therefore, there continues to be a substantial demand for technical approaches which will eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a device for aftertreating the exhaust gases of diesel engines, said device being capable of achieving complete evaporation of additives even with a short mixing zone and the most homogeneous possible mixing of exhaust gas and additives as well as preventing additives from being deposited on the inside wall of the pipe of the mixing zone.

This object is achieved by a device having the features of Claim 1.

It is an essential advantage of the present invention that the exhaust gases enter simultaneously into the mixing pipe from all side simultaneously through the perforations distributed on the circumference of the jacket of the pipe so that the exhaust gases flowing through the mixing pipe are concentrated at the center of the mixing pipe. The exhaust gases concentrated at the center leave the mixing pipe together with the additive that has been injected and then flow through the mixing zone, where the concentration near the center is upheld so that the additives are not deposited on the wall of the mixing zone.

According to the one embodiment of the invention, the widened portion of the mixing pipe is in close contact with the pipe carrying the exhaust gas over the entire circumference, and the conically-shaped part of the widened portion is provided with perforations over a large area. These perforations are in the area of the wall of the downstream mixing zone based on their positioning, so the part of the exhaust gases flowing through these perforations forms a flow near the wall which additionally prevents additives from being able to come out of the mixture flowing at the center of the mixing zone and reach the wall of the mixing zone.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the pipe carrying the exhaust gas is a bend, preferably a 90° bend.

According to an advantageous further embodiment of the invention, the perforations are irregularly distributed in the mixing pipe. Through skilled distribution of these perforations, it is possible to control the quantity of exhaust gases flowing into the mixing pipe distributed around the circumference thereof in a targeted manner so that even with unfavorable external flow conditions, such as those which must be expected with a tight 90° bend, for example, the desired centering of the mixture of exhaust gas and additive is always maintained.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

On the basis of the drawings, the present invention will now be explained in greater detail in the form of one exemplary embodiment, in which:

FIG. 1 shows an isometric diagram of a mixing pipe,

FIG. 2 shows the mixing pipe from FIG. 1, installed in a 90° pipe bend,

FIG. 3 is an isometric diagram showing a distribution of the mixture of exhaust gas and additive in a mixing zone, and

FIG. 4 shows a simplified diagram of the exhaust gas flows out of the pipe carrying the exhaust gas into the mixing pipe.

FIG. 1 shows an isometric diagram of a mixing pipe 20. The mixing pipe 20 is open at one end 21, with a conical or bell-shaped widened portion 23 at the other end. The pipe jacket is provided with large-area perforations 22. Another ring of perforations 24 is provided on the conical part of the widened portion 23.

FIG. 2 shows the mixing pipe 20 inserted into a pipe 2 carrying exhaust gases, represented by an arrow 1, here in the form of a 90° pipe bend. The open end 21 of the mixing pipe 20 is provided with a closing cover 25, which has a receptacle 26 for a nozzle (not shown) which injects an additive into the mixing pipe 20 and/or the exhaust gases 1. The nozzle may inject an aqueous urea solution, hydrocarbons or other additives into the exhaust gas 1 as needed.

As FIG. 2 also shows, the widened portion 23 on the end of the mixing pipe is of such dimensions that it is in close contact with the inside of the pipe 2 carrying the exhaust gas. In this way, the exhaust gas 1 flowing into the pipe must flow through the perforations 22, 24. The part of the exhaust gases flowing into the perforations 22 in the pipe jacket leads to a concentration of the exhaust gas flow at the center of the mixing pipe 20 and the mixing zone 3, which follows the latter (FIG. 3). However, the part of the exhaust gases flowing through the perforations 24 forms a jacket flow in the downstream mixing zone 3, which effectively protects the mixture of the exhaust gas and the additive from coming in contact with the wall.

FIG. 3 shows the diagram of the flow paths of the mixture of exhaust gas and additive through the mixing pipe 20 and the downstream mixing zone 3 according to a simulation. The flow paths form a helical eddy but do not reach the wall of the mixing zone 3, so nothing is deposited on the wall.

FIG. 4 shows purely schematically a cross section through the pipe 2 carrying the exhaust gas and through the mixing pipe 20 in a simplified diagram of the exhaust gas flow 1. It can be seen here that based on the symmetrical flow around the mixing pipe 20, a double eddy 1′ develops in the interior of the mixing pipe 20, ensuring a homogeneous mixing of the exhaust gas and the additive on the one hand and on the other hand ensuring the concentration of the mixture of exhaust gas and additive at the center of the mixing pipe 20 and the downstream mixing zone 3.

Claims

1. A device for aftertreating the exhaust gases (1) of diesel engines, comprising a pipe (2) through which the exhaust gases (1) flow,a nozzle for injecting an additive into the pipe (2) and/or into the exhaust gases (1),and a mixing zone (3) downstream from the nozzle,and a mixing pipe (20) inserted into the pipe (2) at a radial distance from the pipe (2) at the connection to the nozzle,the mixing pipe (20) has a conical or bell-shaped widened portion (23) on one end, in contact with the pipe (2) at least partially and being provided with a ring of large-area perforations (24),

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized by the feature: the widened portion (23) is in tight contact with the pipe (2) over the entire circumference.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized by the feature: the pipe (2) is a bend, preferably a 90° bend.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized by the feature: the perforations (22, 24) of the mixing pipe (20) are irregularly distributed.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized by the feature: the nozzle is a urea nozzle.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized by the feature: the nozzle is a hydrocarbon nozzle.