This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-245188, filed Nov. 9, 2011, the content of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present disclosure relates to an apparatus that can generate data that may be used in a sewing machine in order to foal) cuts in a work cloth along a line indicating a shape of a specified pattern.
A sewing machine is known in which a cutting needle can be attached to the lower end of a needle bar, instead of a sewing needle. The cutting needle is a rod-like member having a sharp cutting edge on its leading end. The sewing machine may cause the cutting needle to move up and down by moving the needle bar up and down, in the same manner as when performing sewing, and repeatedly insert the cutting needle into a work cloth. The sewing machine may cut warp threads and weft threads of the work cloth using the cutting needle, and thereby form cuts in the work cloth. The sewing machine may cause an embroidery frame that holds the work cloth to move in synchronization with the up-down movement of the needle bar. By doing this, the sewing machine can form cuts in the work cloth along a line indicating a shape of a specified pattern.
A sewing machine is known in which two cutting needles can be attached to the lower ends of needle bars, respectively, in a state in which directions of cutting edges on the leading ends of the cutting needles are orthogonal to each other. One of the cutting needles may be attached to the needle bar in a state in which the direction of its cutting edge is orthogonal to a direction in which warp threads of a work cloth extend. The other cutting needle may be attached to the needle bar in a state in which the direction of its cutting edge is orthogonal to a direction in which weft threads of the work cloth extend. The sewing machine may cut the warp threads, using the one of the cutting needles. Then, the sewing machine may cut the weft threads, using the other cutting needle. By doing this, the sewing machine can form cuts in the work cloth.
If a sewing machine, in which four cutting needles are attached in a state in which directions of their cutting edges are intersecting with each other, forms cuts in the work cloth while switching the four cutting needles, cuts with an improved appearance can be formed along a line indicating a shape of a pattern, as compared to a case in which the cuts are formed using two cutting needles.
In the above-described sewing machine, it is necessary to more frequently switch the cutting needle to be used. Therefore, more time to switch the cutting needle is required in addition to time to actually form the cuts. For that reason, there is a possibility that a long time is required for the sewing machine to form the cuts in the work cloth along the line indicating the shape of the specified pattern.
Various embodiments of the broad principles derived herein provide an apparatus that can generate cut data to cause a sewing machine to form cuts in a work cloth in a short time along a line showing a shape of a specified pattern, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer readable-instructions that cause the apparatus to generate the cut data, and a sewing machine that can generate the cut data and form the cuts in the work cloth.
Various embodiments provide an apparatus that includes a processor and a memory. The memory is configured to store computer-readable instructions. The computer-readable instructions instruct the apparatus to execute steps including acquiring pattern data, the pattern data being data representing a position of a point on a pattern line in a case where cuts are formed in a work cloth along the pattern line, which is a line indicating a shape of a pattern, identifying, as a plurality of needle drop points, a plurality of points on the pattern line, each of the plurality of needle drop points being a position at which a cutting needle is to be inserted into the work cloth in order to form a cut, identifying, as a corresponding identified needle, one of a plurality of cutting needles configured to be attachable to a plurality of needle bars of a multi-needle sewing machine in a state in which directions of cutting edges of the plurality of cutting needles are different from each other, the identifying being performed for each of the plurality of needle drop points, storing needle drop point data and identified needle data in association with each other in the memory, the needle drop point data being data indicating each of the plurality of needle drop points, and the identified needle data being data indicating the identified needle identified for each of the plurality of needle drop points, identifying, based on the needle drop point data and the identified needle data stored in the memory, a continuous number of times, which is the number of times that the identified needle is continuously the same in an adjacent order on the pattern line, replacing, among the identified needle data stored in the memory, the identified needle data of the identified needle for which the identified continuous number of times is smaller than a threshold value, with other identified needle data corresponding to the needle drop point data of one of a previous needle drop point and a subsequent needle drop point in the order, and generating cut data based on the needle drop point data and the identified needle data stored in the memory, the cut data being data for the multi-needle sewing machine to sequentially insert the corresponding identified needle at the plurality of needle drop points along the pattern line.
Embodiments also provide a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-readable instructions. The computer-readable instructions instruct an apparatus to execute steps including acquiring pattern data, the pattern data being data representing a position of a point on a pattern line in a case where cuts are formed in a work cloth along the pattern line, which is a line indicating a shape of a pattern, identifying, as a plurality of needle drop points, a plurality of points on the pattern line, each of the plurality of needle drop points being a position at which a cutting needle is to be inserted into the work cloth in order to form a cut, identifying, as a corresponding identified needle, one of a plurality of cutting needles configured to be attachable to a plurality of needle bars of a multi-needle sewing machine in a state in which directions of cutting edges of the plurality of cutting needles are different from each other, the identifying being performed for each of the plurality of needle drop points, storing needle drop point data and identified needle data in association with each other in a memory, the needle drop point data being data indicating each of the plurality of needle drop points, and the identified needle data being data indicating the identified needle identified for each of the plurality of needle drop points, identifying, based on the needle drop point data and the identified needle data stored in the memory, a continuous number of times, which is the number of times that the identified needle is continuously the same in an adjacent order on the pattern line, replacing, among the identified needle data stored in the memory, the identified needle data of the identified needle for which the identified continuous number of times is smaller than a threshold value, with other identified needle data corresponding to the needle drop point data of one of a previous needle drop point and a subsequent needle drop point in the order, and generating cut data based on the needle drop point data and the identified needle data stored in the memory, the cut data being data for the multi-needle sewing machine to sequentially insert the corresponding identified needle at the plurality of needle drop points along the pattern line.
Embodiments further provide a sewing machine that includes a plurality of needle bars, a processor, and a memory. A plurality of cutting needles are configured to be attachable to the plurality of needle bars in a state in which directions of cutting edges of the plurality of cutting needles are different from each other. The memory is configured to store computer-readable instructions. The computer-readable instructions instruct the sewing machine to execute steps including acquiring pattern data, the pattern data being data representing a position of a point on a pattern line in a case where cuts are formed in a work cloth along the pattern line, which is a line indicating a shape of a pattern, identifying, as a plurality of needle drop points, a plurality of points on the pattern line, each of the plurality of needle drop points being a position at which a cutting needle is to be inserted into the work cloth in order to form a cut, identifying one of the plurality of cutting needles as a corresponding identified needle, the identifying being performed for each of the plurality of needle drop points, storing needle drop point data and identified needle data in association with each other in the memory, the needle drop point data being data indicating each of the plurality of needle drop points, and the identified needle data being data indicating the identified needle identified for each of the plurality of needle drop points, identifying, based on the needle drop point data and the identified needle data stored in the memory, a continuous number of times, which is the number of times that the identified needle is continuously the same in an adjacent order on the pattern line, replacing, among the identified needle data stored in the memory, the identified needle data of the identified needle for which the identified continuous number of times is smaller than a threshold value, with other identified needle data corresponding to the needle drop point data of one of a previous needle drop point and a subsequent needle drop point in the order, generating cut data based on the needle drop point data and the identified needle data stored in the memory, the cut data being data for the sewing machine to sequentially insert the corresponding identified needle at the plurality of needle drop points along the pattern line, and generating a signal based on the cut data, the sewing machine being configured to form the cuts in the work cloth based on the signal.
Embodiments will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Hereinafter, an embodiment will be explained with reference to the drawings. A configuration of a multi-needle sewing machine (hereinafter simply referred to as a sewing machine) 1 according to the embodiment will be explained with reference to
As shown in
The sewing needles 51 and the cutting needles 52 will be explained with reference to
As shown in
When the cutting needle 521 is attached to the sewing machine 1, the direction of the cutting edge of the cutting needle 521 extends in a direction diagonally from the front left to the rear right. When the cutting needle 522 is attached to the sewing machine 1, the direction of the cutting edge of the cutting needle 522 extends in the left-right direction. When the cutting needle 523 is attached to the sewing machine 1, the direction of the cutting edge of the cutting needle 523 extends in a direction diagonally from the front right to the rear left. When the cutting needle 524 is attached to the sewing machine 1, the direction of the cutting edge of the cutting needle 524 extends in the front-rear direction. The sewing machine 1 may slidingly move the needle bar 31, to which the cutting needle 52 is attached, in the up-down direction and thereby cause the cutting needle 52 to repeatedly reciprocate in the up-down direction. By doing this, the sewing machine 1 can form cuts in the work cloth 39. As will be described in detail later, the sewing machine 1 can sequentially form the cuts in the work cloth 39 while switching the cutting needles 521 to 524.
An operation portion 6 shown in
A cylinder-shaped cylinder bed 10, which extends to the front from a lower end portion of the pillar 3, is provided below the arm portion 4 shown in
A pair of left and right thread spool bases 12 are provided on a rear portion of an upper surface of the arm portion 4 shown in
A Y carriage 23 of an embroidery frame movement mechanism 11 (refer to
The embroidery frame 84 and the embroidery frame movement mechanism 11 will be explained with reference to
The embroidery frame movement mechanism 11 includes a holder 24, an X carriage 22, an X-axis drive mechanism (not shown in the drawings), the Y carriage 23 and a Y-axis movement mechanism (not shown in the drawings). The holder 24 is configured to detachably support the embroidery frame 84. The holder 24 includes a mounting portion 91, a right arm portion 92 and a left arm portion 93. The mounting portion 91 is a plate member having a rectangular shape in a plan view, and it is longer in the left-right direction. The right arm portion 92 extends in the front-rear direction, and a rear end portion of the right arm portion 92 is fixed to the right end of the mounting portion 91. The left arm portion 93 extends in the front-rear direction. A rear end portion of the left arm portion 93 is fixed to a left portion of the mounting portion 91 such that the position in the left-right direction with respect to the mounting portion 91 can be adjusted. The right arm portion 92 may be engaged with the one of the coupling portions 89. The left arm portion 93 may be engaged with the other of the coupling portions 89.
The X carriage 22 is a plate member and is longer in the left-right direction. A part of the X carriage 22 protrudes toward the front from the front face of the Y carriage 23. The mounting portion 91 of the holder 24 may be attached to the X carriage 22. The X-axis drive mechanism (not shown in the drawings) includes a linear movement mechanism (not shown in the drawings). The linear movement mechanism includes a timing pulley (not shown in the drawings) and a timing belt (not shown in the drawings). The linear movement mechanism may cause the X carriage 22 to move in the left-right direction (in the X-axis direction), using the X-axis motor 132 as a driving source.
The Y carriage 23 is a box-shaped member that is longer in the left-right direction. The Y carriage 23 supports the X carriage 22 such that the X carriage 22 can move in the left-right direction. The Y-axis movement mechanism (not shown in the drawings) includes a pair of left and right movable members (not shown in the drawings) and a linear movement mechanism (not shown in the drawings). The movable members are connected to lower portions of the left and right ends of the Y carriage 23, and vertically pass through the guide grooves 25 (refer to
An electrical configuration of the sewing machine 1 will be explained with reference to
The sewing needle drive portion 120 includes a drive circuit 121, a drive shaft motor 122, a drive circuit 123 and a needle bar case motor 45. The drive circuit 121 may drive the drive shaft motor 122 in accordance with a control signal from the control portion 60. The drive shaft motor 122 may drive the needle bar drive mechanism 32 by rotatably driving a drive shaft (not shown in the drawings), and causes the needle bar 31 to reciprocate in the up-down direction. The drive circuit 123 may drive the needle bar case motor 45 in accordance with a control signal from the control portion 60. The needle bar case motor 45 may drive a movement mechanism not shown in the drawings and thereby causes the needle bar case 21 to move in the left-right direction.
The sewing target drive portion 130 includes a drive circuit 131, the X-axis motor 132, a drive circuit 133 and the Y-axis motor 134. The drive circuit 131 may drive the X-axis motor 132 in accordance with a control signal from the control portion 60. The X-axis motor 132 may drive the embroidery frame movement mechanism 11 and thereby cause the embroidery frame 84 (refer to
The operation portion 6 includes a drive circuit 135, the LCD 7, the touch panel 8 and the start/stop switch 41. The drive circuit 135 may drive the LCD 7 in accordance with a control signal from the control portion 60.
The control portion 60 includes the CPU 61, a ROM 62, a RAM 63, an EEPROM 64 and an input/output (I/O) interface 66, and they are mutually connected by a signal line 65. The sewing needle drive portion 120, the sewing target drive portion 130 and the operation portion 6 are respectively connected to the I/O interface 66. Hereinafter, the CPU 61, the ROM 62, the RAM 63 and the EEPROM 64 will be explained in detail.
The CPU 61 is configured to perform main control of the sewing machine 1. The CPU 61 may perform various operations and processing that relate to sewing, in accordance with various programs stored in a program storage area (not shown in the drawings) of the ROM 62. Although not shown in the drawings, the ROM 62 includes a plurality of storage areas including the program storage area. Various programs to operate the sewing machine 1, including a main program, may be stored in the program storage area. The main program is a program to perform main processing, which will be described later. The RAM 63 includes, as necessary, storage areas to store data such as operation results etc. processed by the CPU 61. Various parameters for the sewing machine 1 to perform various types of processing may be stored in the EEPROM 64.
The main processing will be explained with reference to
The main processing shown in
As shown in
The CPU 61 may acquire the pattern data by another method. For example, the user may input a plurality of points as a pattern line by a panel operation. The CPU 61 may acquire data representing line segments that connect the plurality of specified points as the pattern data. Further, for example, the sewing machine 1 may be provided with a card slot not shown in the drawings. The user may insert a memory card, on which the pattern data is stored, into the card slot. The CPU 61 may acquire the pattern data by reading out the pattern data stored on the memory card inserted into the card slot.
The CPU 61 identifies, as needle drop points, given points on the pattern line indicated by the pattern data stored in the RAM 63 (step S13). Data that indicates positions of the identified needle drop points is stored in a table 141 (refer to
The CPU 61 may identify the needle drop point using another method. For example, the CPU 61 may display a pattern line represented by the acquired pattern data on the LCD 7. The user may select and input a given point by a panel operation on the pattern line displayed on the LCD 7. The CPU 61 may identify the point input by the user as the needle drop point.
The CPU 61 identifies one of the cutting needles 521 to 524 for each of the needle drop points identified at step S13, as the cutting needle 52 that is to be inserted at each of the needle drop points (step S15). The cutting needle 52 is identified based on a direction in which the pattern line extends at a position of each of the needle drop points. Details are as follows.
An identification method of the cutting needle 52 will be specifically explained with reference to
The CPU 61 identifies which of angle ranges 161, 162, 163 and 164 (refer to
Sections located between a straight line 155 and a straight line 156 indicate the angle ranges 161. The straight line 155 is a straight line that equally divides an acute angle between the arrows 154 and 151. The straight line 156 is a straight line that equally divides an acute angle between the arrows 151 and 152. Sections located between the straight line 156 and a straight line 157 indicate the angle ranges 162. The straight line 157 is a straight line that equally divides an acute angle between the arrows 152 and 153. Sections located between the straight line 157 and a straight line 158 indicate the angle ranges 163. The straight line 158 is a straight line that equally divides an acute angle between the arrows 153 and 154. Sections located between the straight line 158 and the straight line 155 indicate the angle ranges 164.
The angle ranges 161 indicate a range from 22.5° to 67.5° and a range from 202.5° to 247.5°. The angle ranges 162 indicate a range from 337.5° to 22.5° and a range from 157.5° to 202.5°. The angle ranges 163 indicate a range from 112.5° to 157.5° and a range from 292.5° to 337.5°. The angle ranges 164 indicate a range from 67.5° to 112.5° and a range from 247.5° to 292.5°. The angle ranges 161, 162, 163 and 164 are respectively associated with the cutting needles 521, 522, 523 and 524.
For example, the extending directions of the line segments 111 and 112 shown in
The direction of the cutting edge of the cutting needle 52 identified for each of the needle drop points as described above may favorably approximate the direction of the tangent line of the pattern line at each of the needle drop points. Therefore, when the sewing machine 1 forms cuts by piercing the identified cutting needle 52 into the work cloth 39, cuts having a good appearance can be formed along the pattern line. Further, the CPU 61 identifies the cutting needle 52 based on the direction in which the line segment that connects adjacent two needle drop points extends. Therefore, complicated processing to calculate the actual tangent line of the pattern line at each of the needle drop points is not required. Thus, the CPU 61 can easily and accurately identify the cutting needle 52 that is to be inserted at each of the needle drop points.
Both of the cutting needles 52 that are respectively identified based on the line segment 111 and the line segment 112 are the cutting needle 524. Therefore, the only cutting needle 524 is identified as the cutting needle 52 that corresponds to the needle drop point Q3. On the other hand, the cutting needle 52 that is identified based on the line segment 112 is the cutting needle 524. The cutting needle 52 that is identified based on the line segment 113 is the cutting needle 521. Therefore, the two cutting needles 521 and 524 are identified as the cutting needle 52 that is to be inserted at the needle drop point Q4. Thus, the cutting needle 521 and the cutting needle 524 are to be respectively inserted at the needle drop point Q4.
Data indicating the identified needle (hereinafter referred to as identified needle data) that is identified for each of the needle drop points as described above is associated with the coordinate data indicating the position of each of the needle drop points, and is stored in the table 141 (refer to
As shown in
The CPU 61 compares the calculated continuous number of times with a predetermined threshold value. In the present embodiment, for example, the threshold value is 4. The CPU 61 extracts the needle drop points QX for which the calculated continuous number of times is less than 4. In the example of
To address this, the CPU 61 replaces the identified needle data of the extracted needle drop point QX with the identified needle data that corresponds to a needle drop point Q (X+1) that is a needle drop point immediately after the extracted needle drop point QX. For example, in the case of the needle drop points Q11 and Q12 in the table 141, the continuous number of times of the corresponding identified needle 3 (the cutting needle 523) is small (2). Therefore, the identified needle 3 (the cutting needle 523) corresponding to the needle drop points Q11 and Q12 is replaced with the identified needle 4 (the cutting needle 524) that corresponds to the needle drop point Q13. In a similar manner, the identified needle 2 (the cutting needle 522) corresponding to the needle drop points Q37 to Q39 is replaced with the identified needle 3 (the cutting needle 523) that corresponds to the needle drop point Q40. The identified needle 1 (the cutting needle 521) corresponding to the needle drop points Q47 and Q48 is replaced with the identified needle 2 (the cutting needle 522) that corresponds to the needle drop point Q49.
Since the above correction is performed, the identified needle data of the table 141 shown in
Note that, at step S17, the CPU 61 may replace the identified needle data for which the continuous number of times is small, not by the identified needle data corresponding to the needle drop point Q (X +1) immediately after the extracted needle drop point QX, but by the identified needle data corresponding to an immediately preceding needle drop point Q (X−1).
As shown in
First, among the data stored in the table 141, the CPU 61 groups the identified needle 1 (the cutting needle 521) and the plurality of needle drop points QX associated with the identified needle 1. As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
In a case where the cut data is generated based on the table 141 shown in
To address this, the CPU 61 reduces the movement amount of the embroidery frame 84 as much as possible by re-arranging the data of the table 141 in the following manner, and shortens the time required for the movement of the embroidery frame 84 to be complete. The CPU 61 re-arranges the data of each of the groups such that, next to the last needle drop point of the previous group, there is the needle drop point which is one of the needle drop points of the next group and which is closest to the last needle drop point of the previous group. More specifically, the CPU 61 re-arranges the data of the second group corresponding to the identified needle 2 (the cutting needle 522) so that the needle drop point QX that is closest to the needle drop point Q67 is selected as the needle drop point QX subsequent to the last needle drop point Q67 of the first group. As shown in
Next, the CPU 61 re-arranges the data of the third group corresponding to the identified needle 3 (the cutting needle 523) so that the needle drop point QX that is closest to the needle drop point Q52 is selected, from among the needle drop points QX of the third group that correspond to the identified needle 3 (the cutting needle 523), as the needle drop point that at which the cutting needle 523 is to be inserted subsequent to the needle drop point Q52. As shown in
As shown in
The cutting needle 521 is switched to the cutting needle 522. The cutting needle 522 is sequentially inserted at the needle drop points Q67 to Q0. The needle drop point moves from. Q0 to Q7 (an arrow 174). The cutting needle 522 is sequentially inserted at the needle drop points Q7 to Q11. The needle drop point moves from Q11 to Q23 (an arrow 175). The cutting needle 522 is sequentially inserted at the needle drop points Q23 to Q27. The needle drop point moves from Q27 to Q47 (an arrow 176). The cutting needle 522 is sequentially inserted at the needle drop points Q47 to Q52.
The cutting needle 522 is switched to the cutting needle 523. The cutting needle 523 is sequentially inserted at the needle drop points Q52 to Q57. The needle drop point moves from Q57 to Q27 (an arrow 177). The cutting needle 523 is sequentially inserted at the needle drop points Q27 to Q30, The needle drop point moves from Q30 to Q37 (an arrow 178), The cutting needle 523 is sequentially inserted at the needle drop points Q37 to Q42.
The cutting needle 523 is switched to the cutting needle 524. The cutting needle 524 is sequentially inserted at the needle drop points Q42 to Q47. The needle drop point moves from Q47 to Q57 (an arrow 179). The cutting needle 524 is sequentially inserted at the needle drop points Q57 to Q63. The needle drop point moves from Q63 to Q0 (an arrow 180). The cutting needle 524 is sequentially inserted at the needle drop points Q0 to Q4. The needle drop point moves from Q4 to Q11 (an arrow 181). The cutting needle 524 is sequentially inserted at the needle drop points Q11 to Q19.
As described above, in a case where the cuts are formed in the work cloth 39 based on the generated cut data, the number of times of the switching of the cutting needle 52 can be reduced to three times. Therefore, the time required to switch the cutting needle 52 can be shortened. Further, since the number of times the needle drop point moves to a position other than an adjacent needle drop point is reduced to eleven times, the movement amount of the embroidery frame 84 can be reduced. Accordingly, the movement amount of the embroidery frame 84 when one of the cutting needles 52 is switched to another of the cutting needles 52 can be reduced to a minimum. Thus, the time required to complete the movement of the embroidery frame 84 can be shortened.
As explained above, in a case where the number of times the same cutting needle 52 is continuously inserted into the work cloth 39 is small, the sewing machine 1 replaces the corresponding cutting needle 52. By doing this, the sewing machine 1 can inhibit frequent switching of the cutting needle 52 that is to be inserted into the work cloth 39. As a result, the sewing machine 1 can shorten the time required to switch the cutting needle 52. Thus, the sewing machine 1 can form the cuts in the work cloth 39 in a short time, along the line that indicates the shape of the pattern desired by the user.
Note that the above-described embodiment can be modified in various ways. For example, the cut data may be generated not by the sewing machine 1 but by an external device. For example, a known personal computer may be used as the external device. For example, the cut data generated by a CPU of the personal computer as the external device may be stored on a memory card. The sewing machine 1 may be provided with a card slot not shown in the drawings, and when the memory card is inserted into the card slot, the sewing machine 1 may read and acquire the cut data stored on the memory card. The sewing machine 1 may form the cuts in the work cloth 39 by driving the sewing needle drive portion 120 and the sewing target drive portion 130 based on the acquired cut data.
The number of the cutting needles 52 that can be attached to the sewing machine 1 is not limited to four as in the above-described embodiment, and it may be a number other than four. At step S 15 of the main processing shown in
At step S19 of the main processing, the CPU 61 re-arranges the data stored in the table 141 by grouping the needle drop points QX corresponding to the same identified needle data. However, the CPU 61 need not necessarily re-arrange the data at step S19. In this case, the needle drop point QX moves in an order of Q0, Q1, . . . . It is therefore possible to reduce the movement amount of the embroidery frame 84 to the minimum. By doing this, the time required for the movement of the embroidery frame 84 can be shortened, and the sewing machine 1 can shorten the time required until the sewing machine 1 completes the forming of all the cuts along the pattern line. Further, at step S21, the CPU 61 re-arranges the data stored in the table 141 so that the change in the positions of the needle drop points QX is reduced. However, the CPU 61 need not necessarily re-arrange the data at step S21.
Index data indicating the order in which the CPU 61 reads out the data stored in the table 141 may be associated with the needle drop points QX. In this case, instead of re-arranging the data stored in the table 141, the CPU 61 may change the order of the needle drop points QX by correcting the associated index data.
The apparatus and methods described above with reference to the various embodiments are merely examples. It goes without saying that they are not confined to the depicted embodiments. While various features have been described in conjunction with the examples outlined above, various alternatives, modifications, variations, and/or improvements of those features and/or examples may be possible. Accordingly, the examples, as set forth above, are intended to be illustrative. Various changes may be made without departing from the broad spirit and scope of the underlying principles.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2011-245188 | Nov 2011 | JP | national |