Patent Application
20160200125
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to an ink jet printer.
2. Related Art
A piezo type ink jet printer adjusts weight of ink discharged from a head by adjusting a level of voltage applied to the head when discharging ink.
For example, in nanoimprint lithography using an ink jet method, a technique is proposed which suppresses variation of residual film thickness of a pattern transferred to a resist for each substrate by changing a voltage applied to a head according to the lot of functional ink (for example, see JP-A-2013-65624).
In an ink jet printer including a plurality of heads, even when the same voltage is applied to each head that discharges ink of the same color, weight of discharged ink varies for each head. When the weight of discharged ink varies for each head, there is a problem that density unevenness and the like occur in a printed matter. Further, even when ink is discharged from a single head by the same applied voltage, there is a problem that the weight of discharged ink is uneven due to temporal change of piezo and the like. Therefore, a technique is desired which suppresses variation of the weight of discharged ink, which is caused by individual difference and temporal change of the heads.
An advantage of some aspects of the invention is to solve at least a part of the above problems and can be realized as the aspects described below.
(1) According to an aspect of the invention, in an ink jet printer including a head, a method for setting a voltage to be applied to the head is provided. The applied voltage setting method includes a step of forming a test pattern on a medium by ink discharged from the head, a step of measuring a film thickness of the test pattern, and a step of setting a voltage to be applied to the head based on the measured film thickness.
According to the applied voltage setting method of this aspect, a voltage to be applied to the head is set based on the film thickness of the test pattern that is formed by actually printing the test pattern, so that it is possible to correct variation of the weight of discharged ink due to a manufacturing error of the head or the like. Therefore, it is possible to suppress variation of the weight of discharged ink among a plurality of heads. Further, it is also possible to correct variation of the weight of discharged ink due to temporal change of the piezo of the head.
(2) In the applied voltage setting method of the above aspect, in the step of forming the test pattern, the test pattern may be formed by performing printing a plurality of times in the same area at a predetermined film thickness. By doing so, it is possible to form the test pattern with a film thickness suitable to measurement of the film thickness. Further, the printing is performed a plurality of times in the same area at a predetermined film thickness, so that it is possible to suppress curing unevenness and solidification of the ink and to suppress unevenness of the surface of the test pattern by setting the film thickness formed by a single printing to a film thickness where the curing unevenness and the solidification of the ink do not occur. As a result, it is possible to more accurately measure the film thickness of the test pattern and to more appropriately set the applied voltage.
(3) In the applied voltage setting method of the above aspect, the ink jet printer includes a transport mechanism that transports at least either one of the head and the medium, and the inkjet printer may form the test pattern at a transport speed according to a type of the ink discharged from the head in the step of forming the test pattern. Even when the weight of the ink discharged from the head of the ink jet printer is the same, the film thickness varies depending on the transport speed. Therefore, it is possible to create a test pattern with a film thickness suitable to film thickness measurement while suppressing unevenness of the surface of the test pattern by changing the transport speed according to curing property and solidifying property of the ink.
(4) In the applied voltage setting method of the above aspect, the ink jet printer includes an ink curing unit that cures the ink discharged from the head to the medium and the inkjet printer may cure the ink at an intensity of the ink curing unit according to a type of the ink discharged from the head in the step of forming the test pattern. It is possible to suppress unevenness of the surface of the test pattern by curing the ink at an intensity suitable to the type of the ink (the curing property, the solidifying property, and the like).
(5) In the applied voltage setting method of the above aspect, the ink jet printer includes at least a first head unit including a plurality of the heads that discharge a first color ink and a second head unit including a plurality of the heads that discharge a second color ink, and the target ink weight may be determined for each head unit. By doing so, it is possible to suppress variation of the weight of discharged ink among a plurality of heads for each color. As a result, it is possible to suppress density unevenness of a printed image and to improve image quality of the printed image.
(6) In the applied voltage setting method of the above aspect, in the step of measuring the film thickness, the film thickness may be measured from a surface opposite to a surface of the medium on which the test pattern is formed. By doing so, it is possible to suppress measurement error because even when there is unevenness on the surface of the test pattern, the film thickness measurement is difficult to be affected by the unevenness.
(7) According to another aspect of the invention, a program causing an ink jet printer to implement the applied voltage setting method of the above aspect is provided.
(8) According to another aspect of the invention, an ink jet printer is provided. The ink jet printer is an ink jet printer and includes a head that discharges ink, a storage unit that stores test pattern data representing a test pattern and a reference film thickness that is a film thickness of the test pattern corresponding to a target ink weight of ink discharged from the head, a test pattern forming unit that controls the head and causes the head to form the test pattern on a medium based on the test pattern data, a film thickness measuring unit that measures a film thickness of the test pattern, a voltage-film thickness table generation unit that creates a voltage-film thickness table representing a relationship between a voltage and a film thickness based on a voltage applied to the head when the test pattern is formed and a film thickness of the test pattern measured by the film thickness measuring unit, and an applied voltage setting unit that sets a voltage to be applied to the head based on the voltage-film thickness table and the reference film thickness. According to the ink jet printer, it is possible to automatically set the applied voltage in the ink jet printer.
Not all of a plurality of components included in each aspect of the invention described above are essential, and to solve all or part of the problems described above or to achieve all or part of the effects described in the present specification, it is possible to appropriately perform change, deletion, exchange with another new component, and partial deletion of limited content regarding part of the plurality of components. Further, to solve all or part of the problems described above or to achieve all or part of the effects described in the present specification, it is possible to combine all or part of the technical features included in one aspect of the invention described above with all or part of the technical features included in another aspect of the invention described above to form an independent aspect of the invention.
It is possible to implement the invention in various embodiments. For example, it is possible to implement the invention in a form such as a computer program for implementing the applied voltage setting method, a computer program for forming an ink jet printer, and a storage medium storing these programs. As a storage medium, it is possible to employ various media that can be read by a computer, such as, for example, a flexible disk, an HDD (Hard Disk Drive), a CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory), a DVD (Digital Versatile Disk), a Blu-ray (registered trademark) Disc, a magneto-optical disk, a nonvolatile memory card, an internal storage device (a semiconductor memory such as a ROM and a RAM) of an image display device, and an external storage device (USB (Universal Serial Bus) memory).
The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numbers reference like elements.
The ink jet printer 100 mainly includes a control unit 10, a plurality of transport rollers 13, a base material feeding unit 20, a printing unit 30, a film thickness measuring unit 40, and a base material rewinding unit 50. The control unit 10 is comprised of a microcomputer including a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a memory (a main storage unit). The control unit 10 can control each component of the ink jet printer 100. Specifically, the control unit 10 can control transport of the printing base material 11 in the ink jet printer 100, formation of a printed image in the printing unit 30, adjustment of weight of discharged ink (setting of an applied voltage), and film thickness measurement performed by the film thickness measuring unit 40.
The plurality of transport rollers 13 forms a transport path of the printing base material 11 in the ink jet printer 100. Each transport roller 13 is appropriately arranged in the base material feeding unit 20, the printing unit 30, the film thickness measuring unit 40, and the base material rewinding unit 50. Arrows PD shown in
The base material feeding unit 20 includes a base material roller 21 where the printing base material 11 is wound in a roll shape. The base material roller 21 is rotated by a motor (omitted in
The printing unit 30 includes a rotating drum 31, a plurality of ink head units, and a plurality of UV (ultraviolet) lamps. The ink head unit is filled with photo-curable ink (so-called UV ink) that is cured when being irradiated with UV. Ink droplets discharged from the ink heads to a printing surface of the printing base material 11 are cured by the UV lamps, so that a printed image is formed. The rotating drum 31 is rotated by a motor (omitted in
The printing unit 30 includes six types of ink heads, which are a white ink head unit 32W that discharges white ink, a cyan ink head unit 32C that discharges cyan ink, a magenta ink head unit 32M that discharges magenta ink, a yellow ink head unit 32Y that discharges yellow ink, a black ink head unit 32K that discharges black ink, and a transparent ink head unit 32V that discharges transparent ink. Hereinafter, when these ink heads are not differentiated from each other, the ink heads are also referred to as simply an ink head unit 32.
Each nozzle is provided with a piezo element which is one of electrostrictive elements and is excellent in responsiveness. The piezo element is installed at a position in contact with an ink passage that guides ink to the nozzle Nz. As everyone knows, the piezo element is an element whose crystal structure is distorted when a voltage is applied and which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy extremely quickly. In the present embodiment, an ink droplet of a predetermined weight is discharged from the tip of the nozzle Nz by deforming one side wall of the ink passage by applying a predetermined voltage between electrodes provided at both ends of the piezo element. In the ink jet printer 100 of the present embodiment, the ink head unit 32 includes a plurality of ink heads 320. In the ink jet printer 100, a target value of weight of ink discharged from one ink head 320 (hereinafter referred to as a “target ink weight”) and a voltage applied to each piezo element to cause the ink head 320 to discharge an ink droplet of the target ink weight (hereinafter referred to as an “initially applied voltage”) are set for each color in advance in a design stage. For example, as an initially applied voltage, the same value (V0w) is set for the first to the seventh white ink heads 321W to 327W included in the white ink head unit 32W. However, when the initially applied voltage V0w is applied to each of the first to the seventh white ink heads 321W to 327W, the weight of ink discharged from each of the first to the seventh white ink heads 321W to 327W may not be a target ink weight I0w due to a manufacturing error or the like. In the ink jet printer 100 of the present embodiment, it is possible to correct a voltage applied to each of the first to the seventh white ink heads 321W to 327W so that the weight of the ink discharged from each of the first to the seventh white ink heads 321W to 327W is the target ink weight I0w. The voltages applied to the first to the seventh white ink heads 321W to 327W after the correction are respectively referred to as a first white ink head corrected applied voltage Vhw1, a second white ink head corrected applied voltage Vhw2, a third white ink head corrected applied voltage Vhw3, a fourth white ink head corrected applied voltage Vhw4, a fifth white ink head corrected applied voltage Vhw5, a sixth white ink head corrected applied voltage Vhw6, and a seventh white ink head corrected applied voltage Vhw7. When the first to the seventh white ink heads 321W to 327W are not differentiated from each other, the voltage applied to the first to the seventh white ink heads 321W to 327W after the correction is referred to as a white ink head corrected applied voltage Vhw. The same goes for the other ink head units 32. When ink colors are not differentiated from each other, the voltage applied to the first to the seventh white ink heads 321W to 327W after the correction is referred to as a corrected applied voltage Vh. As described later in detail, an independent corrected applied voltage Vh is given to each ink head 320. The corrected applied voltage Vh in the present embodiment corresponds to a voltage (a voltage applied to a head) that is set in claims.
The printing unit 30 includes one UV lamp on the downstream side of each ink head unit 32. Specifically, a first main curing lamp 331 is arranged on the downstream side of the white ink head unit 32W, a first pinning lamp 332 is arranged on the downstream side of the cyan ink head unit 32C, a second pinning lamp 333 is arranged on the downstream side of the magenta ink head unit 32M, a third pinning lamp 334 is arranged on the downstream side of the yellow ink head unit 32Y, a second main curing lamp 335 is arranged on the downstream side of the black ink head unit 32K, and a third main curing lamp 336 is arranged on the downstream side of the transparent ink head unit 32V. The pinning lamp is a UV lamp whose radiation intensity is weaker than that of the main curing lamp, and the pinning lamp reduces landing interference by suppressing ink bleed. Hereinafter, when these lamps are not differentiated from each other, the lamps are also referred to as simply a UV lamp 33. The UV lamp 33 is controlled by the control unit 10, and ON/OFF and the radiation intensity of the UV lamp 33 are switched. The UV lamp 33 in the present embodiment corresponds to an ink curing unit in claims.
The film thickness measuring unit 40 includes a film thickness meter 41 and a base 42. In the present embodiment, the film thickness meter 41 is an electromagnetic film thickness meter and can scan in a direction substantially perpendicular to the transport direction of the printing base material 11 (arrow PD). The base 42 is a flat plate made of iron and is formed into a size where a film thickness of a test pattern described later can be measured. The film thickness meter 41 is not limited to that in the present embodiment, but various film thickness meters such as an eddy current type, an electromagnetic induction type, and an ultrasonic type can be used. The base 42 is not limited to a base made of iron, and the material of the base 42 can be appropriately selected according to a measurement principle of the film thickness meter 41.
In the present embodiment, the film thickness meter 41 is arranged on a back side of a surface (hereinafter also referred to as an ink surface) of the printing base material 11 where ink dots are formed. In the present embodiment, the film thickness measuring unit 40 measures a film thickness of a test pattern in an applied voltage setting process described later and does not measure a film thickness when the other normal printing is performed.
The base material rewinding unit 50 includes a rewinding roller 51 that is rotary driven by a motor (omitted in the drawings) controlled by the control unit 10. The rewinding roller 51 rewinds the printing base material 11 fed from the film thickness measuring unit 40. The transport roller 13 in the present embodiment corresponds to a transport mechanism in claims.
The control unit 10 includes a CPU 120 and a memory 140. The memory 140 previously stores test pattern data 142 that is image data representing a test pattern formed in the applied voltage setting process described later and a voltage setting parameter table 146 where parameters used in the applied voltage setting process are described. Further, the memory 140 stores a voltage-film thickness table 144 created in the applied voltage setting process. The CPU 120 functions as an applied voltage setting unit 122, a test pattern forming unit 124, and a voltage-film thickness table generation unit 126 according to a program stored in the memory 140.
The operation panel 80 includes a display panel including an LCD or the like for displaying a menu and an image, a cross button for operating the menu, a print instruction button (not shown in the drawings), and the like. The external I/F unit 70 is an I/F for communicating with external devices such as a digital camera, a computer, and a USB device. The image processing unit 60 is a processer which is dedicated for image processing and which is for generating print image data suitable for printing based on image data acquired through the external I/F unit 70.
A setting method of a voltage to be applied to the ink head 320 will be described with reference to
When a user of the ink jet printer 100 instructs correction (setting) of the applied voltage through the operation panel 80 of the ink jet printer 100, the control unit 10 starts the applied voltage setting process. The test pattern forming unit 124 causes each ink head unit 32 to apply a first test voltage V1 for each color and to print a first test pattern based on the test pattern data 142 (step S102 in
In the same manner, the first test pattern TP includes the first to the seventh cyan patches C1 to C7 formed by the first to the seventh cyan ink heads 321C to 327C, the first to the seventh magenta patches M1 to M7 formed by the first to the seventh magenta ink heads 321M to 327M, the first to the seventh yellow patches Y1 to Y7 formed by the first to the seventh yellow ink heads 321Y to 327Y, the first to the seventh black patches K1 to K7 formed by the first to the seventh black ink heads 321K to 327K, and the first to the seventh transparent patches V1 to V7 formed by the first to the seventh transparent ink heads 321V to 327V.
When the first test pattern TP is transported to the film thickness measuring unit 40, the control unit 10 causes the film thickness meter 41 to scan in a direction substantially perpendicular to the transport direction PD and measures a film thickness of each patch in the first test pattern TP (step S104 in
The film thickness meter 41 scans in a direction substantially perpendicular to the transport direction of the printing base material 11 to measure the film thickness of each of the first to the seventh white patches W1 to W7, and subsequently the film thickness meter 41 transports the printing base material 11, shifts a measurement location of the patches, and scans again to measure the film thickness of each of the first to the seventh white patches W1 to W7. The scan and measurement by the film thickness meter 41 and the transport of the printing base material 11 are repeated in this way, so that the thicknesses of all the patches of the first test pattern are measured. In the present embodiment, six points per patch are measured.
Next, the test pattern forming unit 124 causes each ink head unit 32 to apply a second test voltage V2 for each color and to print a second test pattern (step S106). As shown in
When the second test pattern is transported to the film thickness measuring unit 40, the control unit 10 causes the film thickness meter 41 to measure a film thickness of each patch in the second test pattern in the same manner as in the film thickness measurement of the first test pattern TP described above. A film thickness measurement result obtained by the film thickness meter 41 is stored in the memory 140.
The voltage-film thickness table generation unit 126 generates the voltage-film thickness table 144 representing a relationship between the applied voltage and the film thickness based on the film thicknesses stored in steps S104 and S108 and causes the memory 140 to store the voltage-film thickness table 144 (step S110). The voltage-film thickness table 144 is stored as a relational expression between the voltage and the film thickness. Here, as the film thickness, a value is used which is obtained by subtracting a film thickness of the printing base material 11 (which is measured in advance and is stored in the memory 140) from an average value of six film thickness measurement values measured for one patch.
The applied voltage setting unit 122 derives and sets a voltage to be applied to each ink head based on a predetermined reference film thickness t0 and the voltage-film thickness table 144 (step S112). For example, regarding the first white ink head 321, the reference film thickness is t0w (
In the ink jet printer 100 of the present embodiment, the applied voltage is set so that each ink head discharges a predetermined target weight of ink. Therefore, it is possible to suppress variation of the weight of discharged ink for each ink head due to a manufacturing error of the ink head or the like. As a result, it is possible to suppress density unevenness of a printed image and to improve the quality of the printed image. Further, it is also possible to suppress variation of the weight of discharged ink due to temporal change of the piezo.
In the ink jet printer 100 of the present embodiment, the voltage-film thickness table 144 representing the relationship between the applied voltage and the film thickness is generated for each ink head, and the applied voltage is set for each head based on the voltage-film thickness table 144 so that the target ink weight is achieved. The measurement of the film thickness is easier than the measurement of the ink weight, so that it is possible to easily set an appropriate applied voltage.
Hereinafter, examples where the forming methods of test pattern are different from each other will be described in second to fifth embodiments. In the second to the fifth embodiments, the components of the ink jet printer are the same as those of the first embodiment, so that the components are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is omitted.
The cyan patches C, the magenta patches M, the yellow patches Y, the black patches K, and the transparent patches V are also formed in a four-layer structure.
In the present embodiment, when the test pattern is formed, one set of ink discharge and UV radiation is repeated four times, so that a four-layer structure patch is formed. When the film thickness is measured, if the film thickness of each patch is small, the measured values are within a range of measurement error, so that it is not possible to accurately measure the film thickness. On the other hand, when trying to obtain a large film thickness by one-time printing, curing unevenness occurs between surface and inside of ink, so that there is a risk that unevenness occurs in the surface. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the film thickness formed by one-time printing is small so as not to generate curing unevenness, and printing is repeated four times in the same area (an area where a patch is formed), so that one patch is formed by stacking four layers whose film thickness is small. Therefore, the curing unevenness is suppressed and unevenness of the patch surface is suppressed, so that it is possible to accurately measure the film thickness. As a result, a voltage applied to each ink head 320 can be appropriately set.
In the third embodiment, a test pattern is formed by transporting the printing base material 11 at a transport speed lower than that of the printing base material 11 when the test pattern is formed in the first embodiment.
Therefore, it is possible to measure the film thickness more accurately than in the first embodiment.
In the fourth embodiment, a test pattern is formed by changing the transport speed of the printing base material 11 for each ink color. In
In the formation of the test pattern, the first cyan patch C1 is formed by transporting the printing base material 11 at the first transport speed S1 while applying the first test voltage V1c to the first cyan ink head 321C (
As described above, when the transport speed of the printing base material 11 is different, the film thickness of the patch is different. Therefore, as shown in
In an ink jet printer of the fifth embodiment, the forming method of the test pattern varies depending on the size of a dot which is formed on the ink surface of the printing base material 11 by an ink droplet discharged from the ink head 320. The ink jet printer of the present embodiment can form a dot of L size and a dot of S size. In the present embodiment, the target ink weight of an L size dot is 20 ng and the target ink weight of an S size dot is 3 to 4 ng. However, the target ink weights are not limited to those in the present embodiment and may be set appropriately.
In the present embodiment, irradiation energy of the UV lamp is changed according to color of ink. Here, the irradiation energy is changed by ON/OFF switching of each UV lamp. Further, in the present embodiment, the irradiation energy of the UV lamp is changed according to the size of dot. As shown in
The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but can be implemented in various modes without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the modifications described below are possible.
(1) The number of heads, the number of nozzles, the number of ink colors, and the types of ink colors are not limited to those in the embodiments described above. For example, in the embodiments described above, an ink jet printer including a plurality of line head units each of which includes a plurality of heads for one color ink is illustrated, however, a configuration may be employed in which one head may is included for one color ink. Even in such a configuration, it is also possible to correct the variation of the weight of discharged ink due to temporal change of the piezo by setting an applied voltage as described in the embodiments described above. Further, regarding the ink colors, for example, a configuration may be employed in which only the black ink is included or a configuration may be employed in which the white ink and the transparent ink are not included. Further, a configuration may be employed in which light cyan and light magenta are included.
(2) In the above embodiments, a configuration is illustrated in which the ink jet printer 100 includes the film thickness measuring unit 40. However, a configuration may be employed in which the film thickness measuring unit 40 is not included. When the film thickness measuring unit 40 is not included, for example, a configuration may be employed in which a user of the ink jet printer 100 performs the film thickness measurement as described above on each of the first test pattern and the second test pattern printed by the ink jet printer 100 and inputs each measured film thickness into the ink jet printer 100 through an operation accepting unit and then the control unit sets an applied voltage based on the inputted film thickness. Further, a configuration may be employed in which a computer for calculating and controlling voltage is included in addition to the ink jet printer 100, a user inputs film thicknesses measured by the user into the computer for calculating and controlling voltage, and applied voltages derived by the computer are set in the control unit included in the ink jet printer 100.
(3) A configuration of the film thickness measuring unit 40 is not limited to that described in the above embodiments. A configuration may be employed in which the film thickness meters 41, the number of which is the same as the number of patches of one color included in the test pattern, are included. For example, in the above embodiments, the test pattern includes seven patches for each color, so that the film thickness measuring unit 40 may include seven film thickness meters 41 so that the film thickness meters 41 correspond to the patches, respectively. By doing so, it is possible to measure the film thickness of each patch without causing the film thickness meter 41 to scan. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the time required to measure the film thicknesses. Further, a configuration may be employed in which the film thickness meters 41 are provided on the ink surface of the printing base material 11.
(4) In the above embodiments, examples are shown in which the transport speed of the printing base material 11 is changed for each ink color (the fourth embodiment) and the radiation intensity of the UV lamp is changed (the fifth embodiment). However, the method of suppressing the curing unevenness of ink and forming patches having a film thickness suitable to the film thickness measurement is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, the weight of discharged ink may be changed according to ink color. Further, it is possible to form an appropriate patch by combining differences of the transport speed, the radiation intensity of the UV lamp, and the ink discharge weight. Although the radiation intensity of the UV lamp is changed by ON/OFF of each lamp in the above embodiments, the emission intensity of each UV lamp may be changed directly. Further, the transport speed and the radiation intensity of the UV lamp may be changed according to a type of ink by classifying the type of the ink based on the curing property and the solidifying property of the ink.
(5) In the above embodiments, a configuration including a transport mechanism that transports the printing base material 11 is illustrated. However, the configuration is not limited to this. A configuration may be employed in which a transport mechanism that transports the ink head units 32 is included. Further, a configuration may be employed in which both the transport mechanism that transports the printing base material 11 and the transport mechanism that transports the ink head units 32 are included.
(6) In the above embodiments, an ink jet printer that performs printing by using UV curing ink is illustrated. However, the type of ink is not limited to that in the above embodiments. For example, a thermosetting ink, an evaporation drying type ink, and the like may be used. As an ink curing unit, it is possible to use a heater, a hot air blower, a far infrared lamp, an air blower (without heating), or the like according to the type of ink. Further, a configuration may be employed in which a platen is heated. The radiation intensity of the UV lamp and the far infrared lamp, the heating intensity of the heater and the hot air blower, the blowing intensity of the air blower, and the like correspond to an intensity of the ink curing unit in claims.
(7) In the above embodiments, an ink jet printer including the ink head 32 that discharges ink droplets by using the piezo elements is illustrated. However, the ink droplets may be discharged by another method if an ink head that discharges ink having a weight according to an applied voltage is used.
(8) In the above embodiments, an example is described in which the ink jet printer 100 internally includes the applied voltage setting unit 122, the test pattern forming unit 124, the voltage-film thickness table generation unit 126, the test pattern data 142, the voltage-film thickness table 144, and the voltage setting parameter table 146. However, at least one of them may be included in an external device and functions and data of the at least one of them may be used through the external I/F unit 70.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments and the modified examples described above, but may be realized in various configurations without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the technical features in the embodiments and the modified examples corresponding to the technical features in the aspects described in SUMMARY can be appropriately replaced and/or combined in order to solve all or part of the problems described above or in order to achieve all or part of the effects described above. When the technical features are not described as essential in the present specification, the technical features can be properly deleted.
The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-004642, filed Jan. 14, 2015 is expressly incorporated by reference herein.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015-004642 | Jan 2015 | JP | national |
