Aquatic Metal Ion Harvesting Device and System

Abstract

The present invention is a device and system for recovering metal ions from bodies of water. The device comprises two electrode cylinders, a keel, at least two connectors, a buoyant housing and a power supply. The first electrode cylinder comprises a top, a bottom, an exterior surface, a longitudinal axis and a means for connecting to a power supply. The second electrode cylinder is affixed within the first electrode cylinder by a bracket and has a means for connecting to a power supply. The keel is affixed to the bottom of the exterior surface along the longitudinal axis of the first electrode cylinder. There are least two connectors affixed to the top along the longitudinal axis of the first electrode cylinder.

Description

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

None

INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON COMPACT DISC

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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

(1) Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to devices used for extracting heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Specifically, devices able to extract and/or harvest heavy metal ions utilizing a defined electrical potential that may be deployed in large bodies of salt or fresh water.

(2) Description of Related Art

Over 70% of the surface of the earth is covered with water. It is estimated that there are over 321 billion cubic miles of water in the ocean. This water contains a proportional amount of metal ions distributed in varying concentrations throughout the world. For precious metals such as gold and platinum their concentrations can range from about 5 parts per trillion (ppt) to about 50 ppt. This translates to approximately 5 to 50 kilograms per cubic kilometer of ocean water. This makes the ocean one of the largest storehouses of precious metals such as gold in the world.

However, the ability to screen such large volumes of ocean water to extract sufficient gold to make the process profitable has been the greatest hurdle. Today, with the value of gold increasing and new innovations in precious metal extraction, the cost to screen large volumes of ocean water may reach the break-even point in the near future. Consequently, there is a need for a device that can efficiently harvest gold metal ions from large volumes of ocean water at low cost.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a device for recovering metal ions from bodies of water comprising two electrode cylinders, a keel, at least two connectors, a buoyant housing and a power supply. The first electrode cylinder comprises a front end, a top, a bottom, an exterior surface and a longitudinal axis. The second electrode cylinder is affixed within the first electrode cylinder by a bracket. The keel is affixed to the bottom of the exterior surface along the longitudinal axis of the first electrode cylinder. There are least two connectors affixed to the top along the longitudinal axis of the first electrode cylinder. The buoyant housing comprises an underwater surface and has at least one cable affixed to the underwater surface able to receive at least two connectors of the first electrode. The power supply may be affixed within the buoyant housing and provides variable voltage to the first and second electrode cylinders.

The power supply comprises a DC energy source, a rectifier circuit, a voltage regulator circuit, and a controller. The rectifier circuit has an input and output connection. The DC energy source is connected to the rectifier input. The voltage regulator circuit has an input and first and second outputs. The voltage regulator circuit input is connected to the rectifier circuit output. The voltage regulator circuit has an input and first and second outputs. The voltage regulator circuit input is connected to the rectifier circuit output. The first voltage regulator circuit output provides plating voltage to the second electrode plating cylinder and a sampling voltage. The sampling voltage and the plating voltage being unequal. The controller comprises a microprocessor, a memory means, switching means, a timing means and a monitoring means. The monitoring means comprises a first input and a second input. The first monitoring means input is connected to the second output of the voltage regulator circuit. The second monitoring means input receives electrical signals from the first electrode cylinder. The monitoring means periodically samples the signals to determine whether a current is drawn across the first and second electrode cylinders by the aqueous solution. The current is measured by the application of a sampling voltage to one of the electrodes. The electrical signal generated is converted into digital input signals readable by the microprocessor. The means for converting then converts the digital output signals generated by the microprocessor into an analog output signal for controlling the variable voltage.

The first electrode cylinder may further comprise a mesh covering the front end. In addition, the second electrode cylinder may be removably affixed within the first electrode cylinder.

The buoyant housing may further comprise one or more ballast tanks, one or more thrusters connected to the controller, wherein the thrusters are positioned on the underwater surface, or a pump wherein the pump is connected to the controller and in fluid connection with one or more ballast tanks.

In one embodiment the monitoring circuit includes means for substantially continuously measuring said current and comparing the current to a predetermined current threshold during application of the plating voltage.

In a second embodiment the controller comprises means for monitoring at least two of a plurality of parameters comprising current, the variable voltage, the predetermined current threshold and a predetermined voltage threshold sequentially in a continuous stream. Further the controller may comprise a display circuit for indicating the at least two parameters or a global positioning means able to activate one or more thrusters to control the positioning of the device. In addition, the controller may be operated remotely.

In a third embodiment the analog output signal is responsive to the substantially continuous measuring means such that adjustments in the analog output signal occur at the same frequency as measuring by the substantially continuous measuring means.

In a fourth embodiment the DC energy source may be a battery connected to at least one solar panel or at least one piezoelectric strip.

Other aspects of the invention are found throughout the specification.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side cross sectional view of an exemplary harvesting device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front-end view of the exemplary harvesting device in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 (A) is a top view of an exemplary self-contained free floating aquatic metal ion harvesting system containing one or more of the harvesting devices of FIGS. 1 and 2, (B) is a side view of the self-contained free floating aquatic metal ion harvesting system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein have the same meaning as are commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which this invention belongs. All patents, patent applications and publications referred to throughout the disclosure herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In the event that there is a plurality of definitions for a term herein, those in this section prevail.

1. Method for Harvesting Metal Ions from Solution

A variety of methods are known in the art for extracting heavy metal ions, such as gold from an aqueous solution. U.S. Pat. No. 5,102,513 discloses one of these methods incorporated herein in its entirety. This system comprises a microprocessor that constantly monitors the actual voltage, actual current, preset voltage and preset current at the electrodes of the plating system. The microprocessor makes adjustments to maintain the voltage at a preset level by outputting a digital signal to a digital-to-analog converter which changes the digital command into a voltage which is used to adjust an output transistor which controls the voltage to the electrodes. This system applies digital technology for rapid sampling and response for providing a smooth output waveform to apply constant plating voltage as desired.

2. Harvesting Device

One aspect of the present invention is a device for recovering metal ions from bodies of water comprising two electrode cylinders able to be connected to a power supply, a keel and at least two connectors. FIG. 1 shows one example of an aquatic metal ion-harvesting device of the present invention. The device generally includes first and second electrodes, a keel and at least two connectors. The first electrode cylinder 1 comprises a front-end bracket 8, a back end bracket 6, a top, a bottom, an exterior surface 3 and a longitudinal axis. The second electrode cylinder 2 is affixed within the first electrode cylinder by brackets 6 and 8 . The keel 4, that may be weighted 5, is affixed to the bottom of the exterior surface along the longitudinal axis of the first electrode cylinder. At least one connector 14 is affixed to the top along the longitudinal axis of the first electrode cylinder. The device may further comprise a mesh 9 that acts as a protective grill for the first and second electrode cylinders. Power to the first electrode is supplied through wire 11 and wire 10 affixed to the second electrode cylinder 2 provides electrical connection to the second electrode. The aquatic metal ion-harvesting device is towable or suspendable in water by connectors 14. FIG. 2, shows the front of the aquatic metal ion-harvesting device in FIG. 1.

3. Harvesting System

A second aspect of the present invention is a system for recovering metal ions from bodies of water comprising one or more of the devices described above connected to a buoyant housing. The buoyant housing comprises a DC energy source, a rectifier circuit, a voltage regulator circuit, and a controller. The rectifier circuit has an input and output connection. The DC energy source is connected to the rectifier input. The voltage regulator circuit has an input and first and second outputs. The voltage regulator circuit input is connected to the rectifier circuit output. The first voltage regulator circuit output provides plating voltage to the second electrode plating cylinder and a sampling voltage. The sampling voltage and the plating voltage being unequal. The controller comprises a microprocessor, a memory means, switching means, a timing means and a monitoring means. The monitoring means comprises a first input and a second input. The first monitoring means input is connected to the second output of the voltage regulator circuit. The second monitoring means input receives electrical signals from the first electrode cylinder. The monitoring means periodically samples the signals to determine whether a current is drawn across the first and second electrode cylinders by the aqueous solution. The current is measured by the application of a sampling voltage to one of the electrodes. The electrical signal generated is converted into digital input signals readable by the microprocessor. The means for converting then converts the digital output signals generated by the microprocessor into an analog output signal for controlling the variable voltage.

FIG. 3A, shows a top view of an example of one aquatic metal ion-harvesting system of the present invention. The system generally comprises a buoyant housing 2 containing an energy storage means 3, a renewable energy-harvesting source, one or more ballast tanks 5, one or more thrusters 7 and one or more pumps 6. The renewable energy source may include solar panels 1, and/or piezo electric strips 8 to supply power to energy storage means 3 that may be one or more recharge batteries. The system controller 4, may have a wireless connection 12 for remote control and data transfer, a camera 10 with light 11 may also be housed on top of said vessel under a clear protective dome 13. The system is mobile, positioned by thrusters 7, submerged and resurfaced by controlling ballast tanks 5, driven by pump 6. As shown in FIG. 3B, shows a side view of the aquatic metal ion-harvesting system in FIG. 3A, including one or more aquatic metal ion harvesting devices shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

The information set forth above is provided to give those of ordinary skill in the art a complete disclosure and description of how to make and use the embodiments of the device and methods, and are not intended to limit the scope of what the inventor regards as his invention. Modifications of the above-described modes (for carrying out the invention that are obvious to persons of skill in the art) are intended to be within the scope of the following claims. All publications, patents, and patent applications cited in this specification are incorporated herein by reference.

Claims

1. A system for recovering metal ions from bodies of water comprising: a first electrode cylinder having a front end, a top, a bottom, an exterior surface and a longitudinal axis;a second electrode cylinder affixed within said first electrode cylinder by a bracket;a keel affixed to said bottom of said exterior surface along said longitudinal axis of said first electrode cylinder;at least two connectors affixed to said top along said longitudinal axis of said first electrode cylinder;a buoyant housing having an underwater surface and at least one cable affixed to said underwater surface able to receive said at least two connectors; anda power supply for the application of variable voltage to said first and second electrode cylinders affixed within said buoyant housing, said power supply comprising:a DC energy source;a rectifier circuit having an input connected to said DC energy source and having an output;a voltage regulator circuit having an input coupled to said rectifier circuit output and a first and a second output, said first output providing a plating voltage to said second electrode cylinder and a sampling voltage, said sampling voltage and said plating voltage being unequal; anda controller comprising a microprocessor, a memory means, switching means, a timing means and a monitoring means, said monitoring means having a first input connected to said second output of said voltage regulator, and a second input for receiving electrical signals from said first electrode cylinder, said monitoring means able to periodically sample said signals to determine whether a current is drawn across said first and second electrodes by said solution upon application of one of said sampling voltage or said plating voltage to said one of said electrodes and monitoring at least two of a plurality of parameters generated from said electrical signals into digital input signals readable by said microprocessor and means for converting digital output signals generated by said microprocessor into an analog output signal for controlling said variable voltage.

2. A system according to claim 1, further comprising a mesh covering said front end of said first electrode cylinder.

3. A system according to claim 1, wherein said second electrode cylinder is removably affixed within said first electrode cylinder.

4. A system according to claim 1, wherein said monitoring circuit includes means for substantially continuously measuring said current and comparing said current to a predetermined current threshold during application of said plating voltage.

5. A system according to claim 1, wherein said controller comprises means for monitoring at least two of a plurality of parameters comprising current, said variable voltage, said predetermined current threshold and a predetermined voltage threshold sequentially in a continuous stream.

6. A system according to claim 1, wherein said controller further comprises a display circuit for indicating said at least two parameters.

7. A system according to claim 1, wherein said analog output signal is responsive to said substantially continuous measuring means such that adjustments in said analog output signal occur at the same frequency as measuring by said substantially continuous measuring means.

8. A system according to claim 1, wherein said DC energy source is a battery connected to at least one solar panel or at least one piezoelectric strip.

9. A system according to claim 1, wherein said buoyant housing further comprises one or more ballast tanks.

10. A system according to claim 1, wherein said buoyant housing further comprises one or more thrusters connected to said controller, said thrusters positioned on said underwater surface.

11. A system according to claim 1, wherein said buoyant housing further comprises a pump, said pump connected to said controller and in fluid connection with said one or more ballast tanks.

12. A system according to claim 1, wherein said controller is operated remotely.

13. A system according to claim 1, wherein said controller further comprises a global positioning means able to activate said one or more thruster and control the positioning of said device.