Patent Application
20210186018
The present invention relates to an aqueous co-formulation of metalaxyl with at least one further sparingly water-soluble organic pesticide compound PC1 having a solubility in water of at most 1 g/l at 20° C. and a melting point in the range from 40 to 100° C. and optionally a further pesticide having a melting point of above 100° C. The invention also relates to o a method for producing such an aqueous co-formulation.
Metalaxyl is a pesticide compound having systemic fungicidal activity. Metalaxyl is the common name of methyl {[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-methoxyacetyl]amino) propionate (IUPAC). Metalaxyl, in particular its D enantiomer metalaxyl M, is used in foliar and soil applications against a large number of fungal diseases in crop plants caused by air- and soilborne pathogens. Frequently, metalaxyl is used for treating seed, in particular seed of cereals, such as maize and sorghum, legumes, such as peas, and sunflowers.
Due to its physicochemical properties, metalaxyl is usually formulated as a solid formulation, e.g. as a wettable powder WP, as granules GR or as a powder for dry seed treatment (DS formulation). Metalaxyl may also be formulated as an aqueous flowable, in particular for the purpose of seed treatment.
In order to increase its activity spectrum, metalaxyl may be employed together with one or more further pesticides, in particular from the groups of fungicides and insecticides. Usually co-application of metalaxyl with further pesticides is achieved by tank-mixing a formulation of metalaxyl with a formulation of the further pesticide.
WO 2007/054469 describes fungicidal mixtures comprising triticonazol, pyraclostrobin and an acylalanin, such as metalyl-M or kiralaxyl. A co-formulation is not described therein.
For many purposes, in particular for the purpose of seed treatment, it is highly desirable to provide aqueous co-formulations of metalaxyl, in particular metalaxyl M, with further pesticides. However, when trying to co-formulate metalaxyl with an organic pesticide in an aqueous co-formulation, one faces severe problems with regard to formulation stability, if the further pesticide is a low melting pesticide, e.g. a pesticide with a melting point in the range from 40 to 100° C., having a limited water-solubility, e.g. at most 1 g/l at 20° C.
Therefore, there is a strong need for providing aqueous co-formulations of metalaxyl with at least one further sparingly water-soluble low-melting organic pesticide compound PC having a solubility in water of at most 1 g/l at 20° C. and a melting point in the range from 40 to 100° C. in particular form 45 to 90° C.
It was surprisingly found, that the above problems of co-formulating metalaxyl can be overcome by including providing a co-formulation of metalaxyl and a low-melting organic pesticide wherein metalaxyl is essentially present dissolved in the aqueous phase and where the surfactant comprises at least one salt of an oligomer or polymer having a plurality of arylsulfonyl groups.
Therefore, the present invention relates to an aqueous co-formulation of metalaxyl, which contains:
The invention also relates to a process for preparing such formulations, which comprises the following steps:
The invention is based on the surprising finding that small amounts of undissolved metalaxyl impart instability to aqueous suspensions of a sparingly water-soluble low-melting pesticide, while aqueous suspensions of sparingly water-soluble higher melting pesticides are not affected. It is also surprising that such instability is not observed, when the aqueous suspension of a sparingly water-soluble low-melting pesticide is contacted with another pesticide, in particular with a sparingly water-soluble pesticide having a melting point of above 100° C., which is different from metalaxyl. Surprisingly, the salts of oligomers or polymers having a plurality of arylsulfonyl groups assist in solubilizing metalaxyl in the aqueous phase.
Metalaxyl, as used for the purpose of the present invention, includes the D-enantiomer, also termed metalyl-M, the L-enantiomer of metalaxyl and mixture of the D-enantiomer and the L-enantiomer including both racemic and non-racemic mixtures. In a particular embodiment, metalaxyl is used in the form of its D-enantiomer.
Essentially dissolved means that the aqueous phase does not contain noticeable amounts of undissolved metalaxyl. The concentration of undissolved metalaxyl does generally not exceed 0.05% by weight (500 ppm), in particular 0.02% by weight (200 ppm), based on the total weight of the aqueous formulation. Generally, at least 95%, in particular at least 98% or at least 99% of the metalaxyl present in the aqueous formulation are present in dissolved form, i.e. dissolved in the aqueous phase and less than 5% by weight, in particular less than 2% by weight or less than 1% by weight of metalaxyl, based on the total amount of metalaxyl present in the formulation, is present in solid form.
Melting points, as referred herein, are melting points as determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-1:2009, by differential scanning calorimetry.
According to the present invention, the aqueous phase of the formulation contains water and at least one surfactant. The surfactant is usually present in dissolved form.
The total concentration of the surfactant in the aqueous formulation is generally from 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular from 1 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation.
According to the present invention, the surfactant comprises at least one salt of an oligomer or polymer having a plurality of arylsulfonyl groups. These surfactants are hereinafter termed surfactants S.1. Suitable salts include the alkali metal salts, such as the sodium or potassium salts, the earth-alkaline metal salts, such as the calcium salts, and ammonium (NH4+) and substituted ammonium salts. The term “substituted ammonium” is readily understood as an ammonium salt, wherein 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the N-bound hydrogen atoms of NH4 are replaced by an organic radical such as C1-C4-alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by a hydroxy or C1-C4-alkoxy radical, where alkoxy itself may be unsubstituted or substituted by a hydroxy or C1-C4-alkoxy radical. Examples of substituted ammonium salts include mono-, di-, tri- and tetramethylammonium, mono-, di-, tri- and tetraethylammonium, 2-hydroxyethylammonium, bis-(2-hydroxyethylammonium), trimethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium, dimethyl-bis(2-hydroxyethylammonium), 2-ethoxy-2-ethylammonium, 2-(2-hydroxypropyloxy)propylammonium, etc. Preferred salts are the sodium, potassium, calcium and ammonium salts.
Suitable oligomers or polymers are the salts, e.g. the alkali metal salts, such as the sodium or potassium salts, the earth-alkaline metal salts, such as the calcium salts, and ammonium (NH4) and substituted ammonium salts, in particular the sodium, potassium, calcium and ammonium salts, of naphthalinsulfonic acid formaldehyde condensates, phenolsulfonic acid formaldehyde condensates, naphthalinsulfonic acid urea formaldehyde condensates and phenolsulfonic acid formaldehyde urea condensates, and mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the oligomer or polymer is an alkaline metal salts or earth alkaline metal salt of a reaction product (condensate) of naphthalene sulfonic acid and formaldehyde; a particularly suitable example is Morwet® D425 (Akzo Nobel). In another preferred embodiment, the oligomer or polymer is an alkaline metal salts or earth alkaline metal salt of a reaction product (condensate) of phenol sulfonic acid, formaldehyde and urea; a particularly suitable example is Wettol® D1 or Vultamol® DN (BASF SE).
The concentration of said surfactants S.1 in the formulation is generally from 0.2 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation.
In addition to the aforementioned surfactants S.1 the composition may contain one or more further surfactants, which are different from surfactants S.1. Suitable surfactants different from S.1 include anionic surfactants and non-ionic surfactants and combinations thereof. The surfactants different from S.1 include non-polymeric surfactants which are also termed emulsifiers and polymeric surfactants, which may also termed as protective colloids. In contrast to polymeric surfactants, emulsifiers will generally have a number average molecular weight MN of not more than 1000 Dalton while polymeric surfactants will generally have a number average molecular weight MN of greater than 1000 Dalton. The nature of the further surfactants is not particularly critical, e.g. they may be selected from any known dispersing agents and wetting agents. Dispersing agents are those surfactants which primarily bond to the surface of the active ingredient particles/droplets, e.g. by ionic and/or hydrophobic interaction, and which stabilize the particles in the liquid phase. Wetting agents are surfactants which primarily lower the interfacial tension between the liquid phase and the surface of the solid particles of the active ingredient (here, the pesticide compound) that are dispersed or emulsified in the aqueous phase, thereby assisting in stabilizing the particles in the aqueous phase. Wetting agents may be chosen by physical measuring of the contact angle. Particular suitable wetting agents will have a contact angle of less than 90°, in particular less than 60° (determined at 24° C./1013 mbar for a 1 M aqueous solution of the wetting agent according to DIN 53914 by the Wilhelmy method or according to extended Washburn method using a powder of the pesticide compound).
Suitable further surfactants include anionic surfactants, which are different from the aforementioned surfactants S.1 and have at least one sulphate, sulfonate, phosphate, or phosphonate group. Surfactants of this type include but are not limited to the salts, in particular the sodium, potassium, calcium or ammonium salts of emulsifiers having an SO3− or PO32− group, e.g.
Preferably the further anionic surfactant, if present, is selected from the groups of anionic emulsifiers having a sulfate or sulfonate group, e.g. from surfactants S.4 to S.10, in particular from the groups S.4, S.7, S.8 and S.10 and especially from the group S.8. Likewise preferred are anionic surfactants from the group S.12.
In the group of surfactants S.4 preference is given to mono- or di-C4-C3-alkyl-naphthalene sulfonic acid and mono- or di-C4-C16-alkylbenzesulfonic acid and the ammonium salts, the alkaline metal salts, such as the sodium or potassium salt, and the earth alkaline metal salts, in particular the calcium salts thereof. Particularly suitable examples are Morwet® EFW (Akzo Nobel), and the like.
In the group of surfactants S.7 preference is given to polyethoxylated mono-C6-C12-alkylphenol sulfates, in particular of those having from 5 to 50, in particular 10 to 40 ethylenoxide repeating units, such as ethoxylated octylphenol sulfates, ethoxylated nonylphenol sulfates and ethoxylated dodecylphenol sulfates, and the ammonium salts, the alkaline metal salts, such as the sodium or potassium salt, and the earth alkaline metal salts, in particular the ammonium and sodium salts thereof.
In the group of surfactants S.8 preference is given to the ammonium salts, alkaline metal salts and earth alkaline metal salts of sulfates of (poly)ethoxylated di- or tristyrylphenols, in particular of those having from 5 to 50, in particular 10 to 50 or 15 to 50 ethylenoxide repeating units. Particularly suitable examples of sulfates of (poly)ethoxylated di- or tristyrylphenols are Soprophor® 4D384 from Rhodia and the like.
In the group of surfactants S.9 preference is given to the ammonium salts and the alkaline metal salts of di(C6-C12 alkyl) sulfosuccinates, C6-C12 alkyl being a straight chain or branched alkyl group of from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, e.g. n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, 2-hexyl, 2-heptyl, 2-octyl, 2-nonyl and 2-ethyl hexyl.
Preferably, an alkaline metal dioctyl sulfosuccinate is employed, wherein the octyl moiety may be linear or branched and wherein the alkaline metal being selected from sodium and potassium. A particularly suitable example is Aerosol® OTB (Cytec), and the like.
In the group of surfactants S.12 preference is given to the ammonium salts and alkaline metal salts of phosphates of (poly)ethoxylated di- or tristyrylphenols, in particular of those having from 5 to 50, in particular 10 to 50 or 15 to 50 ethylene oxide repeating units.
Further surfactants are also non-ionic polymeric surfactants, carboxylate group containing polymeric surfactants and non-ionic emulsifiers, such as
S.15 non-ionic block copolymers comprising at least one poly(ethylene oxide) moiety PEO and at least one polyether moiety PAO derived from C3-C10-alkylene oxides and/or styrene oxide, in particular polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-blockcopolymers;
The terms polyethyleneglycol, polyethoxylates and polyethoxylated refer to polyether radicals derived from ethyleneoxide. Likewise, the term poly-ethoxylate-co-propoxylate refers to a polyether radical derived from a mixture of ethyleneoxide and propylenoxide. Thus polyethoxylates have repeating units of the formula [CH2CH2O] while poly-ethoxylate-co-propoxylate have repeating units of the formulae [CH2CH2O] and [CH(CH3)CH2O]. The non-ionic surfactants S.16, S.17 and S.20 to S.26 may belong to the group of non-polymeric surfactants (emulsifiers) or to the group of polymeric surfactants, depending on the number of alkylene oxide repeating units. In the surfactants of these groups, the number of such repeating units will generally range from 2 to 200, in particular from 3 to 100, especially from 3 to 50. The surfactants of the groups S.18 and S.19 belong to non-ionic emulsifiers.
Amongst further surfactants those of the groups S.13, S.15 and S.26 and mixtures thereof are preferred.
According to a preferred embodiment graft or comb copolymers of the group S.13 preferably contain, in polymerised form,
According to another preferred embodiment graft or comb copolymers of the group S.13 preferably contain poly-C2-C4-alkylene oxide group, in particular a polyethyleneoxide group as a polymer back bone and polymeric side chains of polymerised monomers selected form vinyl esters of C2-C10-alkanoic acid, in particular from vinyl esters of C2-C6-alkanoic acid such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl valerate or vinylhexanoate.
The weight-average molecular weight of the graft or comb copolymers of group S.13 is preferably in the range from 5000 to 800000 g/mol, in particular from 7500 to 600000 g/mol, especially from 10000 to 400000 g/mol. The graft or comb copolymers of group S.13 are preferably not crosslinked. In a particular embodiment of the surfactants S.13, the graft or comb polymer contains or consists of, in polymerized form, methyl methacrylate and an ester of polyethylene oxide monomethylether with methacrylic acid, and optionally methacrylic acid, such as in the copolymer having CAS-No. 1000934-04-1 which is commercially available as Tersperse® 2500 or in the copolymer having CAS-No. 119724-54-8 which is commercially available as Atlox® 4913. In another particular embodiment of the surfactants S.13, the graft or comb polymer contains a backbone of polyethylene oxide, to which polymeric side chains of polymerised units of one or more C2-C5-alkanoic acids, in particular polymerized units of vinyl acetate are bound. These polymers have been described in WO 2007/138053, in particular page 5 line 14 to page 10 line 25, and in WO 2011/110481 as polymeric additives. To both WO 2007/138053 and WO 2011/110481 full reference is made.
Preferred polymeric surfactants of the group S.14 are those which contain, in polymerized form (i) at least one C3-C5 monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, and (ii) at least one hydrophobic monomer, having preferably a water solubility of at most 30 g/l. Suitable C3-C5 monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers are in particular acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid. Preferred hydrophobic are selected from vinylaromatic monomers such as styrene monomers and C2-C12-monolefines. Preferably, the polymeric surfactants S.14 contain, in polymerised form, (i) at least one C3-C5 monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, in particular acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and (ii) at least one hydrophobic monomer selected from styrene monomers and C2-C12-monolefines. The weight ratio from acid monomer to hydrophobic monomer is preferably in the range of from 10:1 to 1:3; preferably from 5:1 to 1:2. A particularly suitable example for surfactants S.14 is Atlox® Metasperse 500L (Uniqema), and the like.
The non-ionic block copolymers of the surfactant class S.15 comprise at least one poly(ethylene oxide) moiety PEO and at least one hydrophobic polyether moiety PAO, which is generally derived from one or more C3-C10 alkylene oxides. The PAO moiety usually comprises at least 3, preferably at least 5, in particular 10 to 100 repeating units (number average) which are derived from one or more C3-C10 alkylene oxides, such as propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, cis- or trans-2,3-butylene oxide or isobutylene oxide, 1,2-pentene oxide, 1,2-hexene oxide, 1,2-decene oxide and styrene oxide, among which C3-C4 alkylene oxides are preferred. Preferably, the PAO moieties comprise at least 50% by weight, and more preferably at least 80% by weight of repeating units derived from propylene oxide. The PEO moieties usually comprise at least 3, preferably at least 5, and more preferably at least 10 repeating units derived from ethylene oxide (number average). The weight ratio of PEO moieties and PAO moieties (PEO:PAO) usually ranges from 1:10 to 10:1, preferably from 1:10 to 2:1, more preferably from 2:8 to 7:3 and in particular from 3:7 to 6:4. Those surfactants c25) are preferred which have a number average molecular weight MN ranging from more than 1200 to 100000 Dalton, preferably from 2000 to 60000 Dalton, more preferably from 2500 to 50000 Dalton and in particular from 3000 to 20000 Dalton. In general, the PEO moieties and the PAO moieties make up at least 80% by weight, and preferably at least 90% by weight, e.g. 90 to 99.5% by weight, of the non-ionic block copolymer surfactants c25). Suitable surfactants c25) are described e.g. in WO2006/002984, in particular those having the formulae P1 to P5 given therein.
The non-ionic block copolymer surfactants of the group S.15 described herein are commercially available e.g. under the trade names Pluronic, such as Pluronic® P 65, P84, P 103, P 105, P 123, Pluronic PE 3500, PE 4300, PE 4400, PE 6200, PE 6400, PE 6800, PE 9200, PE 9400, PE 10300, PE 10400, PE 10500 and Pluronic® L 31, L 43, L 62, L 62 LF, L 64, L 81, L 92 and L 121 (BASF SE); Pluraflo® such as Pluraflo® L 860, L1030 and L 1060 (BASF SE); Tetronic®, such as Tetronic® 704, 709, 1104, 1304, 702, 1102, 1302, 701, 901, 1101, 1301 (BASF SE); Agrilan® AEC 167 and Agrilan® AEC 178 (Akcros Chemicals); Antarox® B/848 (Rhodia); Berol® 370 and Berol® 374 (Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry); Dowfax® 50 C15, 63 N10, 63 N30, 64 N40 and 81 N10 (Dow Europe); Genapol® PF (Clariant); Monolan, such as Monolan® PB, Monolan® PC, Monolan® PK (Akcros Chemicals); Panox® PE (Pan Asian Chemical Corporation); Symperonic®, such as Symperonic® PE/L, Symperonic® PE/F, Symperonic® PE/P, Symperonic® PE/T (ICI Surfactants); Tergitol® XD, Tergitol® XH and Tergitol® XJ (Union Carbide); Triton® CF-32 (Union Carbide); Teric PE Series (Huntsman); and Witconol®, such as Witconol® APEB, Witconol® NS 500 K (Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry) and the like. Among these, the Pluronic® and the Pluraflo® block copolymers are preferred, particularly suitable examples being Pluronic® P105 and Pluraflo® 1060, and the like. Particular preference is also given to mono-C1-C10 alkylether of polyethylenoxid-polypropylenoxid-Blockpolmers having a number average molecular weight MN of from 1000 to 10000 Dalton. Particularly suitable examples include Atlox® G 5000 (Uniqema), Tergitol® XD and the like.
In the group of surfactants S.16 preference is given to polyethoxylates and poly(ethoxylate-co-propoxylates) of linear C8-C22 alkanols. Likewise preferred are poly(ethoxylate-co-propoxylates) of C1-C10 alkanols, with particular preference given to butanol. Amongst the surfactants c.14 those are preferred which have a number average molecular weight MN of not more than 5000 Dalton. Amongst the surfactants S.15 those are preferred which have a number average molecular weight MN of not more than 5000 Dalton. Particular preference is given to poly(ethoxylate-co-propoxylates) of C1-C10 alkanols, having a number average molecular weight MN of from 500 to 5000 Dalton Particularly suitable examples include Atlox® G 5000 (Akzo Nobel), Tergitol® XD and the like.
In the surfactants of the group S.26 a phenoxy radical carries 1, 2 or 3 styryl moieties and a polyethylene oxide moiety PEO or a poly(ethylenoxide-co-propylenoxide) moiety PEO/PPO. The PEO moiety typically comprises from 5 to 50 ethylene oxide groups.
Preferred surfactants c.24 may be represented by the formula (C2H4O)n.C30H30O, wherein n is an integer of from 5 to 50 and C30H30O represents a tri(styryl) phenol group. A particularly suitable example is Soprophor® BSU (Rhodia).
Amongst further surfactants from groups S.13 to S.26 those of the groups S.13, S.15 and S.26 and mixtures thereof are preferred.
In particular the one or more further surfactant is selected from the surfactants of groups S.4 to S.10, S12, S.13, S.15 and S.26, in particular from the groups S.4, S.7, S.8, S.10, S.12, S.13, S.15 and S.26 and especially from the group S.8, S.12, S.13, S.15 and S.26, including mixtures thereof.
The total concentration of said further surfactants in the formulation, if present, is generally from 0.3 to 19.8% by weight, in particular from 0.5 to 14.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation.
The concentration of metalaxyl in the formulation is generally at least 0.2% by weight and preferably at least 0.3% by weight and in particular at least 0.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation. The concentration will generally not exceed 5% by weight, and is preferably from 0.2 to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.3 to 3% by weight, especially from 0.5 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation.
The formulation contains at least one low melting organic pesticide compound PC1 which is sparingly soluble in water. Suitable pesticide compounds PC are in particular those, which have a solubility in water of at most 1 g/l at 20° C., in particular at most 0.5 g/l at 20° C., and a melting point in the range from 40 to 100° C., in particular in the range form 50 to 95° C.
Examples of suitable pesticide compounds PC1 include, but are not limited to pyraclostrobin, imazalil, dodemorph acetate, pyrimethanil, difenoconazole, ipconazole, trifloxystrobin, fenoxanil, carboxin, metrafenone and acetamiprid. The pesticide compounds PC1, their preparation and their activity e. g. against harmful fungi is known (cf.: alanwood.net/pesticides); all of these substances are commercially available.
In a particular preferred embodiment of the invention, the pesticide compound PC1 is pyraclostrobin.
The concentration of the further pesticide PC1 is preferably from 0.2 to 15% by weight, in particular from 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation. The weight ratio of the further pesticide compound PC1 to metalaxyl is preferably from 0.1:1 to 25:1, in particular from 0.2:1 to 5:1 and especially from 0.3:1 to 2:1.
As the pesticide compound PC1 is sparingly water-soluble, it is present in the formulation in the form of suspended particles. The weight average particle diameter of the pesticide compound PC1, as determined by light scattering, is preferably in the range from 0.5 to 10 μm, in particular from 1 to 5 μm. Preferably the Do value of the particle size distribution of suspension of the pesticide compound PC1 is below 10 μm. The particle size distribution of the pesticide PC1 in the aqueous composition can be determined by quasi-elastic light scattering of an aqueous dilution composition at 20° C. Quasi-elastic light scattering of the highly diluted compositions may be performed in accordance with the methods described in CIPAC MT 187 or ISO 13320-1:1999. Dilution depends on light obscuration values achieved at certain particle concentration level to produce acceptable signal to noise ratio and the required dilution rate can be assessed by routine experiments.
The formulation of the present invention may contain one or more further pesticides PC2. The pesticide PC2 should fulfil at least one of the following requirements. The further pesticide PC2 is
In the formulation of the present invention, the concentration of the further pesticide compound PC2, if present, is generally from 0.1 to 25% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 15% by weight, in particular from 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the final formulation. The weight ratio of the further pesticide compound PC2 to metalaxyl is generally from 0.1:1 to 25:1, preferably from 0.2:1 to 5:1, in particular from 0.3:1 to 2:1.
Preferably, the further pesticide PC2 is included in the composition provided in steps a) or b), i.e. prior to step c) of the process of the present invention. However, the PC2 may also be included afterwards.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the further pesticide PC2 is only sparingly soluble in water, i.e. its solubility in water is at most 5 g/L, in particular at most 1 g/L, especially at most 0.5 g/L at 20° C. in deionized water.
Suitable pesticides PC2 are e.g. triticonazole, fluxapyroxad, boscalid, metconazole, dimethomorph, prochloraz, thiophanate-methyl, iprodione, epoxiconazole, fenpropimorph, chlorothalonil, fludioxonil, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, propiconazole, thiram, metiram, dithianon, mancozeb, dimoxystrobine, ametoctradin, fipronil, rynaxypyr, thiametoxam, clothianidin, thiacloprid, imidacloprid and dinotefuran, with particular preference given to triticonazole, fluxapyroxad, dimethomorph and boscalid. Likewise Suitable pesticides PC2 are the triazol fungicide compounds selected from the group consisting of 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-3-yn-2-ol, 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol and 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol and mixtures thereof.
The pesticides PC2, their preparation and their activity e. g. against harmful fungi is known (cf.: alanwood.net/pesticides/); most of these substances are commercially available. The compound 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-3-yn-2-ol is known from 2013-010862 and can be prepared by the methods described therein. The compounds 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol and 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol are known from WO 2013/007767 and can be prepared by the methods described therein.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the further pesticide PC2 is triticonazol.
In another particular embodiment of the invention, the further pesticide PC2 is boscalid.
In a further particular embodiment of the invention, the further pesticide PC2 is fluxapyroxad.
In a further particular embodiment of the invention, the further pesticide PC2 is dimethomorph
In a very particular preferred embodiment the pesticide PC1 is pyraclostrobin and the pesticide PC2 is selected from the group consisting of triticonazol, boscalid, dimethomorph and fluxapyroxad.
In another particular preferred embodiment the pesticide PC1 is pyraclostrobin and the pesticide PC2 is selected from the group consisting of 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-3-yn-2-ol, 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol and 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol and mixtures thereof.
In yet a further embodiment the pesticide PC1 is selected from the group consisting of imazalil, pyrimethanil, fenoxanil, metrafenone and dodemorph-acetate and the pesticide PC2 is 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-3-yn-2-ol.
In yet a further embodiment the pesticide PC1 is selected from the group consisting of imazalil, pyrimethanil, fenoxanil, metrafenone and dodemorph-acetate and the pesticide PC2 is 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol.
In yet a further embodiment the pesticide PC1 is selected from the group consisting of imazalil, pyrimethanil, fenoxanil, metrafenone and dodemorph-acetate and the pesticide PC2 is 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol.
If the pesticide compound PC2 is sparingly water-soluble, both pesticides PC1 and PC2 will present in the formulation in the form of suspended particles. Then, the weight average particle diameter of the pesticide compound PC1 and PC2, as determined by light scattering, is preferably in the range from 0.5 to 10 μm, in particular from 1 to 5 μm. Preferably, the Do value of the particle size distribution is below 10 μm, i.e. at least 90% by weight of the particles of the pesticide compound PC1 and PC2 have a particle size below 10 μm. The particle size distribution of the pesticides PC1 and PC2 in the aqueous composition can be determined by quasi-elastic light scattering of an aqueous dilution composition at 20° C. Quasi-elastic light scattering of the highly diluted compositions may be performed in accordance with the methods described in CIPAC MT 187 or ISO 13320-1:1999. Dilution depends on light obscuration values achieved at certain particle concentration level to produce acceptable signal to noise ratio and the required dilution rate can be assessed by routine experiments.
In the formulation of the present invention the amount of water is generally at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation. It is clear to a skilled person that the amount of water will depend on the amount of other ingredients contained in the formulation and that the relative amounts of all ingredients will add up to a total of 100% by weight.
In addition to water and surfactant, the aqueous phase of the formulation may contain one or more aliphatic alcohols which have at least one OH group, in particular an aliphatic polyol, i.e. an aliphatic alcohol having at least 2 OH groups, e.g. 2, 3 or 4 OH groups. Preferred aliphatic alcohols are liquid at 20° C. Preferred aliphatic alcohols are completely miscible with water at 20° C. or at least soluble in water in an amount of at least 300 g/l. Suitable aliphatic alcohols include C1-C4-alkanols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, tert.-butanol or 2-butanol, aliphatic polyols having preferably 2, 3 or 4 OH groups, and having preferably from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol or hexylene glycol. In a particular preferred embodiment, the aliphatic alcohol is glycerol or propylene glycol. The concentration of the aliphatic alcohol in the formulation of the present invention is generally from 1 to 30% by weight, in particular from 2 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous formulation. Preferably, the aliphatic alcohol is included in the composition provided in steps a) or b), i.e. prior to step c) of the process of the present invention. However, the aliphatic alcohol may also be included afterwards.
The formulation of the invention may contain one or more additives including additives affecting the flow behaviour, defoamers, colorants and/or biocides.
In particular the formulation contains an additive which affects the flow behavior of the formulation. Such additives are also termed thickeners. Thickeners may also assist in stabilizing the final formulation against caking. Mention may be made, in this connection, for example, of commercial thickeners based on polysaccharides, such as methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose (Klucel® grades), Xanthan Gum (commercially available e.g. as Kelzan® grades from Kelco or Rhodopol® grades from Rhodia), synthetic polymers such as acrylic acid polymers (Carbopol® grades), polyvinyl alcohol (e.g. Mowiol® and Poval® grades from Kuraray) or polyvinyl pyrrolidones, silicic acid or phyllosilicates such as montmorillonites, attapulgites and bentonites, which may be hydrophobized, (commercially available as Attaclay® grades and Attaflow grades from BASF SE; or as Veegum® grades and Van Gel® grades from R.T. Vanderbilt). Polysaccharide based thickeners and especially Xanthan Gum are preferred thickeners. The concentration of thickeners in the formulation will generally not exceed 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation, and is preferably in the range from 0.01 to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.02 to 3% by weight and especially from 0.05 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation. Preferably, a thickener and especially a polysaccharide based thickener is included in the composition provided in steps a) or b), i.e. prior to step c) of the process of the present invention. However, the thickener may also be included afterwards.
Antifoam agents, also termed defoamers, may be included into the composition of step a) or b) or added to the final formulation. Examples of suitable antifoam agents include e.g. silicone emulsions (such as, for example, Drewplus® grades Silikon® SRE, Wacker or Rhodorsil® from Rhodia), long-chain alcohols, fatty acids, organofluorine compounds and mixtures thereof. Generally, defoamers are used in such amounts that a concentration in the range from 0.01 to 1% by weight, in particular from 0.02 to 0.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the final formulation, will result.
Biocides can be added to stabilize the formulation against attack by microorganisms. Suitable biocides are, for example, based on isothiazolones such as the compounds marketed under the trademarks Mergal® K10, Proxel® grades from Avecia (or Arch) or Acticide® grades such as Acticide® MBS or Acticide® RS from Thor Chemie and Kathon® grades such as Kathon® MK from Rohm & Haas. Generally, biocides may be included into the composition of step a) or b) or added to the final formulation. Generally, biocides are used in such amounts that a concentration in the range from 0.01 to 1% by weight, in particular from 0.02 to 0.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the final formulation, will result.
The formulation of the invention may optionally comprise also coloring agents such as pigments or dyes, in particular, if the composition is intended for seed treatment purposes. Suitable pigments or dyes for seed treatment formulations are pigment blue 15:4, pigment blue 15:3, pigment blue 15:2, pigment blue 15:1, pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1, pigment yellow 13, pigment red 112, pigment red 48:2, pigment red 48:1, pigment red 57:1, pigment red 53:1, pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, acid red 51, acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10, basic red 108. Generally, colorants may be included into the composition of step a) or b) or added to the final formulation. Generally, colorants are used in such amounts that a concentration in the range from 1 to 15% by weight, in particular from 5 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the final formulation, will result.
In step a) of the process of the present invention, an aqueous suspension of metalaxyl is provided, which contains at least one surfactant S.1 and optionally one or more further surfactants as defined above.
In step b) the suspension is treated, until the metalaxyl contained therein, is essentially present dissolved in the aqueous phase. The concentration of metalaxyl in the suspension of step a) and in the aqueous phase of the composition obtained in step b), is generally from 0.3 to 10%, in particular 0.5 to 5%, especially 0.8 to 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous suspension of step a) or of the composition provided in step b), respectively.
The suspension of step a) may contain at least one further pesticide PC2 as defined above. In this case, the concentration of further pesticide PC2 in the aqueous suspension and thus in the composition of step b) is generally from 0.2 to 30% by weight, in particular from 0.5 to 20% by weight and especially from 1 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of composition used in step a). In particular the weight ratio of metalaxyl to the further organic pesticide compound PC2 is from 0.1 to 25:1, more particularly from 0.2:1 to 5:1 and especially from 0.3:1 to 1:2.
Essentially dissolved means that the aqueous phase obtained in step b) does not contain noticeable amounts of undissolved metalaxyl. The concentration of undissolved metalaxyl does generally not exceed 0.05% by weight (500 ppm), in particular 0.02% by weight (200 ppm), based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. Generally, at least 98%, in particular at least 99% of the metalaxyl present in the aqueous suspension of step a) are present in dissolved form.
Preferably at least 50%, in particular at least 80% of the surfactant S.1 contained in the final formulation is included in the suspension of step a) or in the composition provided in step b). Generally the one or more further surfactants, which are optionally contained in the formulation are at least partly included in the in the suspension of step a) or in the composition provided in step b). Preferably at least 50%, in particular at least 80% of the further surfactant optionally contained in the final formulation is included in the suspension of step a) or in the composition provided in step b). In the suspension of step a) and the composition of step b), the surfactant is usually present in dissolved form. The total concentration of the surfactant in the aqueous suspension of step a) or in the composition of step b) is generally from 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular from 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the suspension of step a) or of the composition of step b), respectively.
If the formulation contains an aliphatic alcohol as described above, the aliphatic alcohol is preferably added to the aqueous suspension of step a), because it assists dissolution of metalaxyl. The concentration of the aliphatic alcohol in the aqueous suspension is generally from 1 to 30% by weight, in particular from 5 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous suspension provided in step a).
In step b) of the process of the invention, an aqueous composition of metalaxyl, in particular of metalaxyl M is provided, wherein metalaxyl is present in essentially dissolved form. According to the invention, the composition is provided by treating an aqueous suspension of metalaxyl which, besides water, contains at least one surfactant S.1, until metalaxyl is essentially dissolved. Treating may include prolonged stirring or heating or combinations of these measures.
Preferably, the temperature of treatment of step b) will be in the range from 10 to 50° C., in particular from 15 to 40° C. The time required for essentially complete dissolution of metalaxyl can be determined by routine experiments, e.g. by determining the concentration of metalaxyl in the serum. Generally times from 10 min to 5 h, in particular from 30 min to 3 h are required to achieve essentially complete dissolution
The aqueous suspension of step a) can be prepared by standard procedures, e.g. by mixing an aqueous solution of the one or more surfactants S.1 and optionally one or more further surfactants, with a conventional aqueous suspension containing metalaxyl. The aqueous suspension of step a) can also be prepared by adding the one or more surfactants S.1 and optionally one or more further surfactants to a conventional aqueous suspension containing metalaxyl. To the suspension one or more aliphatic alcohols may be added. The alcohols may also be added afterwards to the solution. Said conventional aqueous suspension may further contain one or more pesticides PC2 as defined above. Said conventional aqueous suspension may contain one or more surfactants as defined above.
In step c), the composition obtained in step b) is then mixed with a suspension of the organic pesticide compound PC1 or with a suspension of the organic pesticide compound PC1 and the organic pesticide compound PC2.
In the suspension of the organic pesticide PC1 the concentration of the organic pesticide PC1 is usually from 1 to 50% by weight, in particular form 2 to 40% by weight, especially from 5 to 20% by weight, based on the weight of the suspension. The suspension of the organic pesticide PC1 may additionally contain one or more pesticide compounds PC2 as defined above. Then, the concentration of the organic pesticide PC1 is usually from 1 to 40% by weight, in particular form 2 to 35% by weight, especially from 5 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the suspension, while the concentration of the organic pesticide PC2 is usually from 1 to 40% by weight, in particular form 2 to 35% by weight, especially from 5 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the suspension. The total concentration of pesticide compounds PC1 and PC2 is then usually from 1 to 50% by weight, in particular form 2 to 40% by weight, especially from 5 to 20% by weight, based on the weight of the suspension.
Principally, any aqueous suspension of the pesticide compound PC1 can be used. Such a suspension may optionally contain one or more surfactants as mentioned above, in particular from the group of surfactants S.1, S.4, S.7, S.8, S.9, S.10, S.11, S.12, S.13, S.15 and S26, in particular at least one anionic surfactant having at least one sulphate, sulfonate, phosphate or phosphonate group, e.g. an anionic surfactant from groups surfactants S.1, S.4, S.7, S.8, S.9, S.10, S.11, S.12 or S.13, in particular from groups S.1, S.8 or S.18, optionally in combination with at least one further surfactant as defined above and which is in particular selected from the groups S.13 to S.26, in particular from groups S.13, S.15 and S.26.
The concentration of surfactants in the suspension of the pesticide compounds PC1 is e.g. from 1 to 50% by weight, in particular from 2 to 30% by weight, based on the weight of pesticide PC1 contained in the suspension, or from 0.2 to 20% by weight, in particular from 0.5 to 10% by weight based on the suspension of the pesticide compound PC1. If the suspension of the pesticide compounds PC1 also contains the pesticide compound PC2, the concentration of surfactants in the suspension of the pesticide compounds PC1 and PC2, is e.g. from 1 to 50% by weight, in particular from 2 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of pesticide compounds PC contained in the suspension, or from 0.3 to 30% by weight, in particular from 0.7 to 15% by weight based on the suspension of the pesticide compound PC1.
As the pesticide compound PC1 is sparingly water-soluble, it is present in the aqueous suspension in the form of suspended particles. The weight average particle diameter of the pesticide compound PC1, as determined by light scattering, is preferably in the range from 0.5 to 10 μm, in particular from 1 to 5 μm. Preferably the Do value of the particle size distribution of suspension of the pesticide compound PC1 is below 10 μm. The particle size distribution of the pesticide PC1 in the aqueous composition can be determined by quasi-elastic light scattering of an aqueous dilution of the composition at 20° C. by one of the methods described above.
Suitable suspensions of such pesticides PC1 are commercially available and have been described in prior art, e.g. in WO2011/006896, or they may be prepared by the process described in WO2011/006896, to which full reference is made.
Mixing of the aqueous suspension of the organic pesticide compound PC1 with the aqueous composition of metalaxyl obtained in step b) can be achieved by conventional methods of mixing aqueous suspensions or aqueous solutions. Generally, the mixing is performed in a suitable mixing device, e.g. a stirred-tank mixer or by using a dissolver. Mixing is generally performed at temperature in the range from 5 to 40° C., in particular from 10 to 30° C. Preferably, mixing of the suspension and the aqueous composition of step a) is performed at a temperature below the melting point of the pesticide compound PC1, in particular at a temperature, which is at least 15 K, especially at least 20 K below the melting point of the pesticide compound PC1.
The relative amounts of the suspension of PC1 and the composition of metalaxyl prepared in step b) are generally chosen such the desired ratio of metalaxyl to pesticide compound PC1 is achieved. Preferably, the aqueous suspension of the organic pesticide compound PC1 is used in such an amount that the weight ratio of metalaxyl to the further organic pesticide compound PC1 is generally from 0:1 to 25:1 preferably from 0.2:1 to 5:1, in particular from 0.3:1 to 2:1.
The formulations of the invention are particularly useful for combating harmful fungi. Depending on the further pesticide PC1 and the optionally present further pesticide PC2 a large number of harmful fungi may be controlled. Depending on the type of pesticide compound PC1 or PC2, the formulation may also be suitable for controlling insect pest. The formulations obtained by the process of the present invention may be used as such or they may be diluted with water to the desired application rate, which depends on the desired purpose and the further pesticide PC1 and the optionally present further pesticide PC2. The formulations of the present invention are particularly useful for seed treatment applications.
It was also found that the following pesticide combinations A provide superior control of harmful fungi, namely the pesticide combinations, comprising or consisting of:
Therefore, the present invention also relates to pesticide combinations A and to their use for controlling harmful fungi. Particular examples of pesticide combinations A include the following combinations A.1 to A.6:
It was also found that the following pesticide combinations B provide superior control of harmful fungi, namely the pesticide combinations, comprising,
Therefore, the present invention also relates to pesticide combinations B and to their use for controlling harmful fungi. Particular examples of pesticide combinations B include the following combinations B.1 to B.15:
In the two-component compositions A according to the invention the weight ratio of the component PC′1 and the component PC′2 generally depends from the properties of the active components used, usually it is in the range of from 1:10,000 to 10,000:1, often it is in the range of from 1:100 to 100:1, regularly in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably in the range of from 1:20 to 20:1, more preferably in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1, even more preferably in the range of from 1:4 to 4:1 and in particular in the range of from 1:2 to 2:1. According to further embodiments of the two-component compositions A, the weight ratio of the component PC′1 and the component PC′2 usually is in the range of from 1000:1 to 1:1, often in the range of from 100:1 to 1:1, regularly in the range of from 50:1 to 1:1, preferably in the range of from 20:1 to 1:1, more preferably in the range of from 10:1 to 1:1, even more preferably in the range of from 4:1 to 1:1 and in particular in the range of from 2:1 to 1:1. According to further embodiments of the two-component compositions A, the weight ratio of the component PC′1 and the component PC′2 usually is in the range of from 20,000:1 to 1:10, often in the range of from 10,000:1 to 1:1, regularly in the range of from 5,000:1 to 5:1, preferably in the range of from 5,000:1 to 10:1, more preferably in the range of from 2,000:1 to 30:1, even more preferably in the range of from 2,000:1 to 100:1 and in particular in the range of from 1,000:1 to 100:1. According to a further embodiments of the two-component compositions A, the weight ratio of the component PC′1 and the component PC′2 usually is in the range of from 1:1 to 1:1000, often in the range of from 1:1 to 1:100, regularly in the range of from 1:1 to 1:50, preferably in the range of from 1:1 to 1:20, more preferably in the range of from 1:1 to 1:10, even more preferably in the range of from 1:1 to 1:4 and in particular in the range of from 1:1 to 1:2. According to further embodiments of the two-component compositions A, the weight ratio of the component PC′1 and the component PC′2 usually is in the range of from 10:1 to 1:20,000, often in the range of from 1:1 to 1:10,000, regularly in the range of from 1:5 to 1:5,000, preferably in the range of from 1:10 to 1:5,000, more preferably in the range of from 1:30 to 1:2,000, even more preferably in the range of from 1:100 to 1:2,000 to and in particular in the range of from 1:100 to 1:1,000.
In the three-component compositions B, i.e. compositions according to the invention comprising the component PC′1 and the component PC′2 and component 3, i.e. metalaxyl, the weight ratio of component PC′1 and the component PC′2 depends from the properties of the active substances used, usually it is in the range of from 1:100 to 100:1, regularly in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably in the range of from 1:20 to 20:1, more preferably in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1 and in particular in the range of from 1:4 to 4:1, and the weight ratio of component PC′1 and metalaxyl usually is in the range of from 1:100 to 100:1, regularly in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably in the range of from 1:20 to 20:1, more preferably in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1 and in particular in the range of from 1:4 to 4:1.
These ratios are also suitable for inventive compositions applied by seed treatment.
The compositions A and B and likewise the co-formulations according to the invention are suitable as fungicides. They are distinguished by an outstanding effectiveness against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, including soil-borne fungi, which derive especially from the classes of the Plasmodiophoromycetes, Peronosporomycetes (syn. Oomycetes), Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes (syn. Fungi imperfecti). Some are systemically effective and they can be used in crop protection as foliar fungicides, fungicides for seed dressing and soil fungicides. Moreover, they are suitable for controlling harmful fungi, which inter alia occur in wood or roots of plants.
The compositions A and B and likewise the co-formulations according to the invention are particularly important in the control of a multitude of phytopathogenic fungi on various cultivated plants, such as cereals, e. g. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; beet, e. g. sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e. g. apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries or gooseberries; leguminous plants, such as lentils, peas, alfalfa or soybeans; oil plants, such as rape, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconut, cocoa beans, castor oil plants, oil palms, ground nuts or soybeans; cucurbits, such as squashes, cucumber or melons; fiber plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits or mandarins; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits or paprika; lauraceous plants, such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor; energy and raw material plants, such as corn, soybean, rape, sugar cane or oil palm; corn; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; bananas; vines (table grapes and grape juice grape vines); hop; turf; sweet leaf (also called Stevia); natural rubber plants or ornamental and forestry plants, such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees or evergreens, e. g. conifers; and on the plant propagation material, such as seeds, and the crop material of these plants.
The term “plant propagation material” is to be understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (e. g. potatoes), which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil. These young plants may also be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion or pouring.
Preferably, treatment of plant propagation materials with the compositions and likewise the co-formulations can be used for controlling a multitude of fungi on cereals, such as wheat, rye, barley and oats; rice, corn, cotton and soybeans.
The term “cultivated plants” is to be understood as including plants which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering including but not limiting to agricultural biotech products on the market or in development (cf. cera-gmc.org, see GM crop database therein). Genetically modified plants are plants, which genetic material has been so modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that under natural circumstances cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutations or natural recombination. Typically, one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant. Such genetic modifications also include but are not limited to targeted post-translational modification of protein(s), oligo- or polypeptides e. g. by glycosylation or polymer additions such as prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated moieties or PEG moieties.
The compositions A and B and likewise the co-formulations of the present invention are particularly suitable for controlling the following plant diseases:
Albugo spp. (white rust) on ornamentals, vegetables (e. g. A. candida) and sunflowers (e. g. A. tragopogonis); Alternaria spp. (Alternaria leaf spot) on vegetables, rape (A. brassicola or brassicae), sugar beets (A. tenuis), fruits, rice, soybeans, potatoes (e. g. A. solani or A. alternata), tomatoes (e. g. A. solani or A. alternata) and wheat; Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beets and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. on cereals and vegetables, e. g. A. tritici (anthracnose) on wheat and A. hordei on barley; Bipolaris and Drechslera spp. (teleomorph: Cochliobolus spp.), e. g. Southern leaf blight (D. maydis) or Northern leaf blight (B. zeicola) on corn, e. g. spot blotch (B. sorokiniana) on cereals and e. g. B. oryzae on rice and turfs; Blumeria (formerly Erysiphe) graminis (powdery mildew) on cereals (e. g. on wheat or barley); Botrytis cinerea (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana: grey mold) on fruits and berries (e. g. strawberries), vegetables (e. g. lettuce, carrots, celery and cabbages), rape, flowers, vines, forestry plants and wheat; Bremialactucae (downy mildew) on lettuce; Ceratocystis (syn. Ophiostoma) spp. (rot or wilt) on broad-leaved trees and evergreens, e. g. C. ulmi (Dutch elm disease) on elms; Cercospora spp. (Cercospora leaf spots) on corn (e. g. Gray leaf spot: C. zeae-maydis), rice, sugar beets (e. g. C. beticola), sugar cane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (e. g. C. sojina or C. kikuchii) and rice; Cladosporium spp. on tomatoes (e. g. C. fulvum: leaf mold) and cereals, e. g. C. herbarum (black ear) on wheat; Claviceps purpurea (ergot) on cereals; Cochliobolus (anamorph: Helminthosporium of Bipolaris) spp. (leaf spots) on corn (C. carbonum), cereals (e. g. C. sativus, anamorph: B. sorokiniana) and rice (e. g. C. miyabeanus, anamorph: H. oryzae); Colletotrichum (teleomorph: Glomerella) spp. (anthracnose) on cotton (e. g. C. gossypi), corn (e. g. C. graminicola: Anthracnose stalk rot), soft fruits, potatoes (e. g. C. coccodes: black dot), beans (e. g. C. lindemuthianum) and soybeans (e. g. C. truncatum or C. gloeosporioides); Corticium spp., e. g. C. sasakii (sheath blight) on rice; Corynespora cassiicola (leaf spots) on soybeans and ornamentals; Cycloconium spp., e. g. C. oleaginum on olive trees; Cylindrocarpon spp. (e. g. fruit tree canker or young vine decline, teleomorph: Nectria or Neonectria spp.) on fruit trees, vines (e. g. C. liriodendri, teleomorph: Neonectria liriodendri: Black Foot Disease) and ornamentals; Dematophora (teleomorph: Rosellinia) necatrix (root and stem rot) on soybeans; Diaporthe spp., e. g. D. phaseolorum (damping off) on soybeans; Drechslera (syn. Helminthosporium, teleomorph: Pyrenophora) spp. on corn, cereals, such as barley (e. g. D. teres, net blotch) and wheat (e. g. D. tritici-repentis: tan spot), rice and turf; Esca (dieback, apoplexy) on vines, caused by Formitiporia (syn. Phellinus) punctata, F. mediterranea, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (earlier Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum), Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and/or Botryosphaeria obtusa; Elsinoe spp. on pome fruits (E. pyri), soft fruits (E. veneta: anthracnose) and vines (E. ampelina: anthracnose); Entyloma oryzae (leaf smut) on rice; Epicoccum spp. (black mold) on wheat; Erysiphe spp. (powdery mildew) on sugar beets (E. betae), vegetables (e. g. E. pisi), such as cucurbits (e. g. E. cichoracearum), cabbages, rape (e. g. E. cruciferarum); Eutypa lata (Eutypa canker or dieback, anamorph: Cytosporina lata, syn. Libertella blepharis) on fruit trees, vines and ornamental woods; Exserohilum (syn. Helminthosporium) spp. on corn (e. g. E. turcicum); Fusarium (teleomorph: Gibberella) spp. (wilt, root or stem rot) on various plants, such as F. graminearum or F. culmorum (root rot, scab or head blight) on cereals (e. g. wheat or barley), F. oxysporum on tomatoes, F. solani (f. sp. glycines now syn. F. virguliforme) and F. tucumaniae and F. brasiliense each causing sudden death syndrome on soybeans, and F. verticillioides on corn; Gaeumannomyces graminis (take-all) on cereals (e. g. wheat or barley) and corn; Gibberella spp. on cereals (e. g. G. zeae) and rice (e. g. G. fujikuroi: Bakanae disease); Glomerella cingulata on vines, pome fruits and other plants and G. gossypii on cotton; Grainstaining complex on rice; Guignardia bidwellii (black rot) on vines; Gymnosporangium spp. on rosaceous plants and junipers, e. g. G. sabinae (rust) on pears; Helminthosporium spp. (syn. Drechslera, teleomorph: Cochliobolus) on corn, cereals and rice; Hemileia spp., e. g. H. vastatrix (coffee leaf rust) on coffee; Isariopsis clavispora (syn. Cladosporium vitis) on vines; Macrophomina phaseolina (syn. phaseoli) (root and stem rot) on soybeans and cotton; Microdochium (syn. Fusarium) nivale (pink snow mold) on cereals (e. g. wheat or barley); Microsphaera diffusa (powdery mildew) on soybeans; Monilinia spp., e. g. M. laxa, M. fructicola and M. fructigena (bloom and twig blight, brown rot) on stone fruits and other rosaceous plants; Mycosphaerella spp. on cereals, bananas, soft fruits and ground nuts, such as e. g. M. graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici, Septoria blotch) on wheat or M. fiiensis (black Sigatoka disease) on bananas; Peronospora spp. (downy mildew) on cabbage (e. g. P. brassicae), rape (e. g. P. parasitica), onions (e. g. P. destructor), tobacco (P. tabacina) and soybeans (e. g. P. manshurica); Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae (soybean rust) on soybeans; Phialophora spp. e. g. on vines (e. g. P. tracheiphila and P. tetraspora) and soybeans (e. g. P. gregata: stem rot); Phoma lingam (root and stem rot) on rape and cabbage and P. betae (root rot, leaf spot and damping-off) on sugar beets; Phomopsis spp. on sunflowers, vines (e. g. P. viticola: can and leaf spot) and soybeans (e. g. stem rot: P. phaseoli, teleomorph: Diaporthe phaseolorum); Physoderma maydis (brown spots) on corn; Phytophthora spp. (wilt, root, leaf, fruit and stem root) on various plants, such as paprika and cucurbits (e. g. P. capsici), soybeans (e. g. P. megasperma, syn. P. sojae), potatoes and tomatoes (e. g. P. infestans: late blight) and broad-leaved trees (e. g. P. ramorum: sudden oak death); Plasmodiophora brassicae (club root) on cabbage, rape, radish and other plants; Plasmopara spp., e. g. P. viticola (grapevine downy mildew) on vines and P. halstedii on sunflowers; Podosphaera spp. (powdery mildew) on rosaceous plants, hop, pome and soft fruits, e. g. P. leucotricha on apples; Polymyxa spp., e. g. on cereals, such as barley and wheat (P. graminis) and sugar beets (P. betae) and thereby transmitted viral diseases; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (eyespot, teleomorph: Tapesia yallundae) on cereals, e. g. wheat or barley; Pseudoperonospora (downy mildew) on various plants, e. g. P. cubensis on cucurbits or P. humili on hop; Pseudopezicula tracheiphila (red fire disease or ‘rotbrenner’, anamorph: Phialophora) on vines; Puccinia spp. (rusts) on various plants, e. g. P. triticina (brown or leaf rust), P. striiformis (stripe or yellow rust), P. hordei (dwarf rust), P. graminis (stem or black rust) or P. recondita (brown or leaf rust) on cereals, such as e. g. wheat, barley or rye, P. kuehnii (orange rust) on sugar cane and P. asparagi on asparagus; Pyrenophora (anamorph: Drechslera) tritici-repentis (tan spot) on wheat or P. teres (net blotch) on barley; Pyricularia spp., e. g. P. oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea, rice blast) on rice and P. grisea on turf and cereals; Pythium spp. (damping-off) on turf, rice, corn, wheat, cotton, rape, sunflowers, soybeans, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants (e. g. P. ultimum or P. aphanidermatum); Ramularia spp., e. g. R. collo-cygni (Ramularia leaf spots, Physiological leaf spots) on barley and R. beticola on sugar beets; Rhizoctonia spp. on cotton, rice, potatoes, turf, corn, rape, potatoes, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants, e. g. R. solani (root and stem rot) on soybeans, R. solani (sheath blight) on rice or R. cerealis (Rhizoctonia spring blight) on wheat or barley; Rhizopus stolonifer (black mold, soft rot) on strawberries, carrots, cabbage, vines and tomatoes; Rhynchosporium secalis (scald) on barley, rye and triticale; Sarocladium oryzae and S. attenuatum (sheath rot) on rice; Sclerotinia spp. (stem rot or white mold) on vegetables and field crops, such as rape, sunflowers (e. g. S. sclerotiorum) and soybeans (e. g. S. rolfsii or S. sclerotiorum); Septoria spp. on various plants, e. g. S. glycines (brown spot) on soybeans, S. tritici (Septoria blotch) on wheat and S. (syn. Stagonospora) nodorum (Stagonospora blotch) on cereals; Uncinula (syn. Erysiphe) necator (powdery mildew, anamorph: Oidium tuckeri) on vines; Setospaeria spp. (leaf blight) on corn (e. g. S. turcicum, syn. Helminthosporium turcicum) and turf; Sphacelotheca spp. (smut) on corn, (e. g. S. reiliana: head smut), sorghum und sugar cane; Sphaerotheca fuliginea (powdery mildew) on cucurbits; Spongospora subterranea (powdery scab) on potatoes and thereby transmitted viral diseases; Stagonospora spp. on cereals, e. g. S. nodorum (Stagonospora blotch, teleomorph: Leptosphaeria [syn. Phaeosphaeria] nodorum) on wheat; Synchytrium endobioticum on potatoes (potato wart disease); Taphrina spp., e. g. T. deformans (leaf curl disease) on peaches and T. pruni (plum pocket) on plums; Thielaviopsis spp. (black root rot) on tobacco, pome fruits, vegetables, soybeans and cotton, e. g. T. basicola (syn. Chalara elegans); Tilletia spp. (common bunt or stinking smut) on cereals, such as e. g. T. tritici (syn. T. caries, wheat bunt) and T. controversa (dwarf bunt) on wheat; Typhula incarnata (grey snow mold) on barley or wheat; Urocystis spp., e. g. U. occulta (stem smut) on rye; Uromyces spp. (rust) on vegetables, such as beans (e. g. U. appendiculatus, syn. U. phaseoli) and sugar beets (e. g. U. betae); Ustilago spp. (loose smut) on cereals (e. g. U. nuda and U. avaenae), corn (e. g. U. maydis: corn smut) and sugar cane; Venturia spp. (scab) on apples (e. g. V. inaequalis) and pears; and Verticillium spp. (wilt) on various plants, such as fruits and ornamentals, vines, soft fruits, vegetables and field crops, e. g. V. dahliae on strawberries, rape, potatoes and tomatoes.
The compositions A and B and likewise the co-formulations of the present invention are also suitable for controlling harmful fungi in the protection of stored products or harvest and in the protection of materials.
The term “protection of materials” is to be understood to denote the protection of technical and non-living materials, such as adhesives, glues, wood, paper and paperboard, textiles, leather, paint dispersions, plastics, cooling lubricants, fiber or fabrics, against the infestation and destruction by harmful microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria. As to the protection of wood and other materials, the particular attention is paid to the following harmful fungi: Ascomycetes such as Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Sclerophoma spp., Chaetomium spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp.; Basidiomycetes such as Coniophora spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Lentinus spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp., Serpula spp. and Tyromyces spp., Deuteromycetes such as Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Alternaria spp., Paecilomyces spp. and Zygomycetes such as Mucor spp., and in addition in the protection of stored products and harvest the following yeast fungi are worthy of note: Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisae.
The compositions A and B and likewise the co-formulations of the present invention may also be used for improving the health of a plant. The invention also relates to a method for improving plant health by treating a plant, its propagation material and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is to grow with an effective amount of the compositions or the components thereof, respectively.
The term “plant health” is to be understood to denote a condition of the plant and/or its products which is determined by several indicators alone or in combination with each other such as yield (e. g. increased biomass and/or increased content of valuable ingredients), plant vigor (e. g. improved plant growth and/or greener leaves (“greening effect”)), quality (e. g. improved content or composition of certain ingredients) and tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress. The above identified indicators for the health condition of a plant may be interdependent or may result from each other.
The compositions A and B or components thereof, respectively, are employed as such or in form of agrochemical compositions by treating the fungi or the plants, plant propagation materials, such as seeds, soil, surfaces, materials or rooms to be protected from fungal attack with a fungicidally effective amount of the active substances. The application can be carried out both before and after the infection of the plants, plant propagation materials, such as seeds, soil, surfaces, materials or rooms by the fungi.
Plant propagation materials may be treated with the compositions A or B, respectively, or the components thereof, respectively, as such or as agrochemical composition prophylactically either at or before planting or transplanting.
The invention also relates to agrochemical formulations of compositions A and also to agrochemical formulations of compositions B comprising an auxiliary and the composition A or B according to the invention.
An agrochemical composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount of the components PC′1, PC′2 and optionally metalaxyl of the compositions A or B, respectively. The term “effective amount” denotes an amount of the components PC′1, PC′2 and optionally metalaxyl of the compositions A or B, which is sufficient for controlling harmful fungi on cultivated plants or in the protection of materials and which does not result in a substantial damage to the treated plants. Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the fungal species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant or material, the climatic conditions and the specific composition used.
The compositions A or B, respectively, or components thereof, respectively, can be converted into customary types of agrochemical compositions, e. g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof. Examples for composition types are suspensions (e. g. SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e. g. EC), emulsions (e. g. EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e. g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e. g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressings (e. g. BR, TB, DT), granules (e. g. WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG), insecticidal articles (e. g. LN), as well as gel formulations for the treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds (e. g. GF). These and further compositions types are defined in the “Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system”, Technical Monograph No. 2, 6th Ed. May 2008, CropLife International.
The compositions are prepared in a known manner, such as described by Mollet and Grubemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001; or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005.
By applying the components of the inventive compositions A or B, respectively, together a synergistic effect can be obtained, i.e. more then simple addition of the individual effects is obtained (synergistic mixtures).
This can be obtained by applying the components simultaneously, either jointly (e. g. as tank-mix) or separately, or in succession, wherein the time interval between the individual applications is selected to ensure that the active substance applied first still occurs at the site of action in a sufficient amount at the time of application of the further active substance(s). The order of application is not essential for working of the present invention.
The following examples shall further illustrate the present invention.
Analytics:
Particle size of the aqueous suspensions and final formulations were determined on appropriate aqueous dilutions by laser light scattering of aqueous dilutions in a accordance with the method of ISO 13320-1:1999(E) at 22° C. (ambient temperature) using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 or 3000. The particle size distributions are calculated by an interpretation of the sample's scattering pattern using the Fraunhofer model.
Wet sieve residues were determined in accordance with CIPAC procedure 59.3 using sieves with 150 μm and 45 μm meshes.
A conventional light microscope was used to observe crystallinity and particles sizes of the pesticide compound material.
Materials
Water, 1,3-propylene glycol and surfactants are charged to a reaction vessel and homogenized. Crystalline metalaxyl M was added to the mixture and stirred for 4 h at 350 rpm and 21° C. by means of a magnetic stirring bar. Then, pyraclostrobin and fluxapyroxad were added and the mixture was stirred for 4 h at 350 rpm and 21° C. by means of a magnetic stirring bar. The relative amounts of active ingredients are given in table 1.
The obtained composition was allowed to stand at 21° C. and after 1 h, 5 ml of the composition were filtered over a 0.22 μm filter and the content of the active ingredients in the liquor was analysed by HPLC. The results are summarized in table 2.
The compositions were stored for 2 weeks at −5° C. Every three days the samples were stirred for 30 minutes at 350 rpm to affect crystallization. 5 ml of the composition were filtered over a 0.22 μm filter and the content of the active ingredients in the liquor was analysed by HPLC. The results are summarized in table 3.
1) All amounts given in % by weight, based on the weight of the formulation
2) comparative example
3) 1,2-PG: 1,2-propylene glycol
General Procedure
In a first step a mill base of fluxapyroxad/pyraclostrobin was prepared containing 20% by weight of each active ingredient related to total mill base weight, 17% by weight of respective surfactant related to total amount of this respective surfactant in the final product, 0.5% by weight of defoamer, related to total mill base amount and 80% by weight water related to total water quantity in the mill base. After bead milling, biocide (0.4% by weight, related to total mill base weight) and thickener (0.15% by weight, related to total mill base weight) and remaining water are added.
Final products were prepared as follows:
Water (64% by weight, related to total water quantity in final product), surfactants (remaining quantity), propylene glycol (19% by weight related to total final product weight), defoamer (92% by weight of total Silicone amount) and biocide (92.5% by weight related to total biocide amount) are combined and metalaxyl (13.3 g/L) is added to the slurry with stirring. The obtained mixture is stirred for 2 h at 20° C. and 1 h at 40° C. to achieve complete dissolution of metalaxyl. Then thickener solution in an amount of 96% by weight of total thickener amount in final formulation are added and the mixture is stirred for further 2 h at 500 rpm.
Then, the mill base of fluxapyroxad/pyraclostrobin is added in appropriate amount to obtain 16.7 g/L of each active in the final formulation. Remaining 30% of water related to total water content in formulation is added to the end.
The overall composition is given in the following table 4.
1) All amounts given in g/L
2) comparative example
3) 1,2-PG: 1,2-propylene glycol
The thus obtained formulations were stored for 8 weeks at cycling temperatures from −10° C. to +10° C. with a cycling rate of 12 h. Then the wet sieve residue using a 150 μm mesh and particle size were determined. The results are summarized in table 5.
The formulations of examples 12 to 14 and comparative examples C3 to C5 were prepared using the following mill bases 1 to 6. The mill bases were prepared by analogy to the protocol for preparing the mill base fluxapyroxad/pyraclostrobin described in example 7. The mill bases 1 to 6 had the following compositions:
Mill base 1: Aqueous suspension containing 18.4% by weight of pyraclostrobin, 11% of glycerol, a mixture of surfactants S1 and S2 (about 4.4% by weight), formulation additives (thickener, antifoam and biocide, total amount about 1%) and water to 100%.
Mill base 2: Aqueous suspension containing 9.0% by weight of pyraclostrobin, 18% by weight of boscalid, 9% of glycerol, a mixture of surfactants S1 and S2 (about 4.4% by weight), formulation additives (thickener, antifoam and biocide, total amount about 1%) and water to 100%.
Mill base 3: Aqueous suspension containing 44% by weight of triticonazol, 5% of glycerol, a mixture of surfactants S1 and S2 (about 8% by weight), formulation additives (thickener, antifoam and biocide, total amount about 0.7%) and water to 100%.
Mill base 4: Aqueous suspension containing 40% by weight of pyraclostrobin, 6% of 1,2-propylene glycol, a mixture of surfactants S3, S4 and S5 (about 4.8% by weight), formulation additives (thickener, antifoam and biocide, total amount about 0.6%) and water to 100%.
Mill base 5: Aqueous suspension containing 18% by weight of boscalid, 6% of 1,2-propylene glycol, a mixture of surfactants S4 and S5 (about 4.2% by weight), formulation additives (thickener, antifoam and biocide, total amount about 0.8%) and water to 100%.
Mill base 6: Aqueous suspension containing 40% by weight of triticonazol, 7% of 1,2-propylene glycol, a mixture of surfactants S4 and S5 (about 5.0% by weight), formulation additives (thickener, antifoam and biocide, total amount about 0.8%) and water to 100%.
Metalaxyl was used as a 10% solution of metalaxyl in 1,2-propylene glycol.
Final products C3 and C4 were prepared as follows:
Water (remaining quantity), surfactants (remaining quantity), 1,2-propylene glycol (remaining quantity), defoamer (remaining quantity), thickener (remaining quantity) and biocide (remaining quantity) were combined and metalaxyl solution was added to the slurry with stirring. To the obtained mixture mill base 1 and mill base 2 were successively added with stirring and the mixture was stirred for further 2 h at 500 rpm to obtain the final formulation. The recipe is given in table 6.
Final product C5 was prepared as follows:
Water (remaining quantity), surfactants (remaining quantity), propylene glycol (remaining quantity), defoamer (remaining quantity), and biocide (remaining quantity) were combined and millbase 3 was added with stirring. Then the thickener (remaining quantity) and metalaxyl solution was added to the slurry with stirring. The obtained mixture mill base 1 was added with stirring and the mixture was stirred for further 2 h at 500 rpm to obtain the final formulation. The recipe is given in table 6.
Final products 12 to 14 were prepared as follows:
Water (remaining quantity), surfactants (remaining quantity), propylene glycol (remaining quantity) and defoamer (remaining quantity) were combined. to the thus obtained mixture, mill base 5 or millbase 6 were added with stirring. To the thus obtained slurry thickener (remaining quantity) and biocide (remaining quantity) were added followed by the addition of the metalaxyl solution with stirring. To the obtained mixture mill base 1 was added with stirring and the obtained mixture was stirred for further 2 h at 500 rpm to obtain the final formulation. The recipe is given in table 6.
1) All amounts given in g/L
2) comparative example
3) 1,2-PG: 1,2-propylene glycol
The thus obtained formulations were stored for 7 weeks at cycling temperatures from −10° C. to +10° C. with a cycling rate of 12 h. Then the wet sieve residue using a 150 μm mesh was determined.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14155797.5 | Feb 2014 | EP | regional |
This is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/119,883 filed Aug. 18, 2016, which is the US national phase of PCT/EP2015/053481, filed Feb. 19, 2015, which claims the benefit of EP 14155797.5 filed Feb. 19, 2014.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15119883 | Aug 2016 | US |
| Child | 17191103 | US |
