Patent Application
20230105428
The present disclosure relates generally to personal mobility systems (a “PM system”) and wearable devices with displays for augmented or virtual reality (an “AR wearable device”). More particularly, to interactions between a personal mobility device and a head-worn augmented reality device.
An increasing focus on the development of alternative modes of transportation, in addition to ride sharing platforms has LED to an explosion in the diversity and availability of personal mobility systems. A PM system encompasses all modes of powered personal transportation capable of transporting a user (and sometimes a passenger) from one place to another. Including, but not limited to, powered scooters, bicycles, skateboards, unicycles, kayaks, paddleboards, and surfboards. Electrically-powered bicycles and scooters are sometimes referred to as e-bikes and e-scooters, respectively. Powered personal transportation may also include cars, trucks, motorcycles, and boats. In addition to the physical dexterity and agility required to operate them, e-scooters, e-bikes, and self-balancing electric scooters (e.g., Segway® Ninebot) present operational challenges and safety risks that require a higher level of user concentration and ability in order to operate safely. The meteoric rise in the density of PM systems in urban environments coupled with a general lack of user training and a highly cluttered and dynamic operating environment has LED to a sharp rise in accidents and hospitalizations.
Traditionally, PM systems are designed with few controls, almost no performance feedback indicators or extremely limited in such capabilities (e.g., LED or LCD battery or speed indicators), and no obstacle detection or avoidance systems. Because of the bare-bones nature of PM systems it may not be feasible or safe to incorporate additional controls or performance indicators.
AR wearable devices, on the other hand, may be implemented with transparent or semi-transparent displays through which the user can view the surrounding environment. Such devices enable a user to see through the transparent or semi-transparent display to view the surrounding physical environment, and to also see objects (e.g., virtual objects such as 3D (three dimensional) renderings, images, video, text, and so forth) that are generated for display to appear as a part of, and/or overlaid upon, the physical environment. This is typically referred to as “augmented reality.”
AR wearable devices may completely occlude a user’s visual field and display a virtual environment through which a user may move or be moved. This is typically referred to as “virtual reality.” As used herein, the term “augmented reality” or “AR” refers to both augmented reality and virtual reality as traditionally understood, unless the context indicates otherwi se.
The present disclosure relates generally to personal mobility systems (a “PM system”) and wearable devices with displays for augmented or virtual reality (an “AR wearable device”). More particularly, example disclosures pertain to interactions between a personal mobility device and a head-worn augmented reality device.
An increasing focus on the development of alternative modes of transportation, in addition to ride sharing platforms has LED to an explosion in the diversity and availability of personal mobility systems. A PM system encompasses all modes of powered personal transportation capable of transporting a user (and sometimes a passenger) from one place to another. Including, but not limited to, powered scooters, bicycles, skateboards, unicycles, kayaks, paddleboards, and surfboards. Electrically-powered bicycles and scooters are sometimes referred to as e-bikes and e-scooters respectively. Powered personal transportation may also include cars, trucks, motorcycles, and boats. In addition to the physical dexterity and agility required to operate them, e-scooters, e-bikes, and self-balancing electric scooters (e.g., Segway® Ninebot) present operational challenges and safety risks that require a higher level of user concentration and ability in order to operate safely. The meteoric rise in the density of PM systems in urban environments coupled with a general lack of user training and a highly cluttered and dynamic operating environment has LED to a sharp rise in accidents and hospitalizations.
Traditionally, PM systems are designed with few controls, almost no performance feedback indicators or extremely limited in such capabilities (e.g., LED or LCD battery or speed indicators), and no obstacle detection or avoidance systems. Because of the bare-bones nature of PM systems it may not be feasible or safe to incorporate additional controls or performance indicators.
AR wearable devices, on the other hand, may be implemented with transparent or semi-transparent displays through which the user can view the surrounding environment. Such devices enable a user to see through the transparent or semi-transparent display to view the surrounding physical environment, and to also see objects (e.g., virtual objects such as 3D renderings, images, video, text, and so forth) that are generated for display to appear as a part of, and/or overlaid upon, the physical environment. This is typically referred to as “augmented reality.”
AR wearable devices may completely occlude a user’s visual field and display a virtual environment through which a user may move or be moved. This is typically referred to as “virtual reality.” As used herein, the term “augmented reality” or “AR” refers to both augmented reality and virtual reality as traditionally understood, unless the context indicates otherwise.
In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals may describe similar components in different views. To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in the reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced. Some nonlimiting examples are illustrated in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which:
In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals may describe similar components in different views. To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in the reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced. Some nonlimiting examples are illustrated in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which:
The description that follows describes systems, methods, techniques, instruction sequences, and computing machine program products that illustrate examples of the present subject matter. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide an understanding of various examples of the present subject matter. It will be evident, however, to those skilled in the art, that examples of the present subject matter may be practiced without some or other of these specific details. Examples merely typify possible variations. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, structures (e.g., structural components, such as modules) are optional and may be combined or subdivided, and operations (e.g., in a procedure, algorithm, or other function) may vary in sequence or be combined or subdivided.
Integration of AR wearable devices with PM systems can improve the user experience and mitigate safety risks by lessening the cognitive burden placed on the user. AR wearable devices can not only centralize and display telemetry data and navigation information into the user’s field of view but can detect physical obstacles or interact with virtual objects to modulate the performance of the PM system. The AR wearable device can detect and highlight obstacles, traffic control devices, and hazards to warn the user of their presence. The AR wearable device can also use sensors contained within the PM system to further inform or modify the information being perceived by the user and the performance characteristics of the PM system.
In some examples, participants can ride on a course in the real world that has a number of virtual objects located in it, and that can affect the performance of a particular participant’s PM system when that participant’s PM system intersects with or comes within a certain distance of the virtual object’s location in the real world. The virtual objects are displayed to participants on their AR wearable devices as if they were present at their specified locations. Intersection with or proximity to a virtual object can boost the performance of the corresponding PM system (in the case of a “power up”), can reduce the performance of the corresponding PM system (in the case of a “power down”) or can provide other effects or consequences. Participants can thus compete against each other, gaining real-world advantages or being disadvantaged based on interaction with virtual objects at locations in the real world.
PM systems, such as powered scooters and e-bikes, typically include a power source (such as a battery), a propulsion source (such as a motor or engine), user controls, an independent braking system, and a management system. Some PM systems may also include radio communications systems (such as cellular, Wi-Fi®, and Bluetooth® transponders) and location systems (e.g., GPS). PM systems described herein may further include sensing technologies such as cameras, sonar sensors, radar sensors, laser sensors, lidar sensors, hear rate sensors, and inertial measurement units (“IMUs,” such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers).
Some PM systems include a braking system that may be connected to the management system and is intended to safely stop the PM system during emergencies, in addition to braking during normal operation. The braking system may also be part of a regenerative braking system involving the propulsion source, the management system, and the power source.
Typical operation of a PM system involves transmitting inputs effected by the user on the user controls to the management system; the management system will then control the delivery of power from the power source to the propulsion source to achieve the desired action by the user.
On the other hand, AR wearable devices, such as AR spectacles or AR glasses, include a transparent or semi-transparent display that enables a user to see through the transparent or semi-transparent display to view the surrounding environment. Additional information or objects (e.g., virtual objects such as 3D renderings, images, video, text, and so forth) are shown on the display and appear as a part of, and/or overlaid upon, the surrounding environment to provide an augmented reality experience for the user. The display may for example include a waveguide that receives a light beam from a projector but any appropriate display for presenting augmented or virtual content to the wearer may be used. Like PM systems, AR wearable devices may also include radio communications systems (such as cellular, Wi-Fi®, and BluetoothⓇ transponders) and location systems (e.g., GPS), camera, and IMU sensors.
As referred to herein, the phrases “augmented reality experience” includes or refers to various image processing operations corresponding to an image modification, filter, media overlay, transformation, and the like, as described further herein. In some examples, these image processing operations provide an interactive experience of a real-world environment, where objects, surfaces, backgrounds, lighting etc. in the real world are enhanced by computer-generated perceptual information. In this context an “augmented reality effect” comprises the collection of data, parameters, and other assets needed to apply a selected augmented reality experience to an image or a video feed. In some examples, augmented reality effects are provided by Snap, Inc. under the registered trademark LENSES.
The rendering of the virtual objects by the AR wearable head-worn device systems may be based on a position of the AR wearable device relative to a physical object or relative to a fixed frame of reference (external to the AR wearable device) so that the virtual object correctly appears in the display. As an example, the AR wearable device may render a virtual object associated with a physical object such that the virtual object may be perceived by the user as appearing to be aligned with the physical object. In another example, graphics (e.g., graphical elements containing information, instructions, and guides) appear to be attached to or overlaying a physical object of interest. To achieve this, the AR wearable device detects the physical object and tracks a pose of the AR wearable device relative to a position of the physical object.
A pose identifies a position and orientation of the AR wearable device relative to a frame of reference or relative to another object. In some examples, the pose of the AR wearable device is determined by visual-inertial odometry (VIO), which is a computer vision technique used for estimating the pose and velocity of a moving object (such as a vehicle) relative to a local starting position. VIO uses visual odometry to estimate vehicle pose from camera images, combined with inertial measurements from an IMU. VIO improves pose and velocity determination by, for example, correcting for errors associated with rapid movement resulting in poor image capture. By combining sensor data or data derived from the personal mobility system and the AR wearable device, the resulting pose information has less uncertainty than would be possible when these sources were used individually.
In a PM system and AR wearable device integration, the PM system and the AR wearable device are in communication with each other. Each, individually, or through each other, the PM system and the AR wearable device may also be in communication with other devices (such as mobile phones) or with networks containing other devices (such as servers). The PM system may provide the AR wearable device with telemetry information such as speed, acceleration, position of the controls, user position and pose, and battery level. The PM system may also provide information from a camera and other sensors. The AR wearable device, in turn, may provide performance related commands (e.g., limiting or modulating top speed, acceleration, braking power) or non-performance related commands (e.g., turning lights on and off, honking). The AR wearable device may also provide the PM system with telemetry gathered solely by the AR wearable device (e.g., speed calculated by the GPS, position and pose of the user). Similarly, the commands provided by the AR wearable device may be informed by the telemetry and sensor data received from the PM system. Still further, commands provided by the AR wearable device may only informed by information gathered by the AR wearable device.
In some examples, data provided by sensors in the personal mobility device compliments or corrects the AR wearable device’s VIO system, i.e., “sensor fusion” occurs between the AR wearable device and the PMD. The PMD may for example report data from an onboard IMU and speed sensors to the AR device. In turn, the AR device uses the received information to provide better control of the PMD, or better location of a virtual object with respect to the user. Examples of sensor data used in this manner would include speedometer reading, throttle position, and steering column position (if available). These help calculate an accuracy moment by moment position of the scooter in the real world.
The sensor fusion performed to improve the VIO system is typically direct fusion, in which the data from heterogeneous or homogeneous sensors are combined. Any know sensor fusion technique or algorithm, such as a Kalman filter, may be used to perform the sensor fusion. The use of the sensor data may be complementary (when the sensors do not directly depend on each other but can be combined to give a more complete picture), competitive or redundant (when the sensors deliver independent measurements of the same property, which is helpful in error correction, for example), or cooperative (when the sensors together are used to derive information that would not be available from individual sensors).
Correct placement of virtual objects in the field of view of a user of an AR wearable device depends on the accurate determination of the AR wearable device of its pose relative to its environment and relative to any relevant objects within that environment.
In some examples, a method of providing an interactive personal mobility system, performed by one or more processors, includes determining an initial pose by visual-inertial odometry performed on images and inertial measurement unit (IMU) data generated by a wearable augmented reality device, receiving sensor data transmitted from a personal mobility system, performing sensor fusion on the data received from the personal mobility system and data for the initial pose thereby to generate an updated pose, and displaying augmented reality effects on the wearable augmented reality device based on the updated pose. The sensor data may be transmitted from the personal mobility system is from an IMU located in or on the personal mobility system, or from a sensor in or on a control device on the personal mobility system, or from a speed sensor on the personal mobility system.
The method may further include determining a relative position and orientation of the personal mobility system and the wearable augmented reality device based in part on data transmitted from the personal mobility system, and displaying a particular augmented reality effect on the wearable augmented reality device, the display of the particular augmented reality effect being fixed relative to a frame of reference of the personal mobility system. The control device may be a steering input device and the sensor data may indicate a degree of application of the steering input device.
The method may further include detecting user interaction with the particular augmented reality effect, and in response to detecting the user interaction, altering a performance characteristic of the personal mobility system.
Also provided is a computing apparatus for enabling interactive personal mobility systems includes a processor and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, configure the apparatus to perform operations corresponding to the methods described above, including but not limited to determining an initial pose by visual-inertial odometry performed on images and inertial measurement unit (IMU) data generated by a wearable augmented reality device, receiving sensor data transmitted from a personal mobility system, performing sensor fusion on the data received from the personal mobility system and data for the initial pose thereby to generate an updated pose, and displaying augmented reality effects on the wearable augmented reality device based on the updated pose.
Also provided is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium including instructions that when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform operations corresponding to the methods described above, including but not limited to determining an initial pose by visual-inertial odometry performed on images and inertial measurement unit (IMU) data generated by a wearable augmented reality device, receiving sensor data transmitted from a personal mobility system, performing sensor fusion on the data received from the personal mobility system and data for the initial pose thereby to generate an updated pose, and displaying augmented reality effects on the wearable augmented reality device based on the updated pose.
Other technical features may be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions, and claims.
The description that follows describes systems, methods, techniques, instruction sequences, and computing machine program products that illustrate examples of the present subject matter. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide an understanding of various examples of the present subject matter. It will be evident, however, to those skilled in the art, that examples of the present subject matter may be practiced without some or other of these specific details. Examples merely typify possible variations. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, structures (e.g., structural components, such as modules) are optional and may be combined or subdivided, and operations (e.g., in a procedure, algorithm, or other function) may vary in sequence or be combined or subdivided.
Integration of AR wearable devices with PM systems can improve the user experience and mitigate safety risks by lessening the cognitive burden placed on the user. AR wearable devices can not only centralize and display telemetry data and navigation information into the user’s field of view but can detect physical obstacles or interact with virtual objects to modulate the performance of the PM system. The AR wearable device can detect and highlight obstacles, traffic control devices, and hazards to warn the user of their presence. The AR wearable device can also use sensors contained within the PM system to further inform or modify the information being perceived by the user and the performance characteristics of the PM system.
In some examples, participants can ride on a course in the real world that has a number of virtual objects located in it, and that can affect the performance of a particular participant’s PM system when that participant’s PM system intersects with or comes within a certain distance of the virtual object’s location in the real world. The virtual objects are displayed to participants on their AR wearable devices as if they were present at their specified locations. Intersection with or proximity to a virtual object can boost the performance of the corresponding PM system (in the case of a “power up”), can reduce the performance of the corresponding PM system (in the case of a “power down”) or can provide other effects or consequences. Participants can thus compete against each other, gaining real-world advantages or being disadvantaged based on interaction with virtual objects at locations in the real world.
PM systems, such as powered scooters and e-bikes, typically include a power source (such as a battery), a propulsion source (such as a motor or engine), user controls, an independent braking system, and a management system. Some PM systems may also include radio communications systems (such as cellular, Wi-Fi®, and Bluetooth® transponders) and location systems (e.g., GPS). PM systems described herein may further include sensing technologies such as cameras, sonar sensors, radar sensors, laser sensors, lidar sensors, hear rate sensors, and inertial measurement units (“IMUs,” such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers).
Some PM systems include a braking system that may be connected to the management system and is intended to safely stop the PM system during emergencies, in addition to braking during normal operation. The braking system may also be part of a regenerative braking system involving the propulsion source, the management system, and the power source.
Typical operation of a PM system involves transmitting inputs effected by the user on the user controls to the management system; the management system will then control the delivery of power from the power source to the propulsion source to achieve the desired action by the user.
On the other hand, AR wearable devices, such as AR spectacles or AR glasses, include a transparent or semi-transparent display that enables a user to see through the transparent or semi-transparent display to view the surrounding environment. Additional information or objects (e.g., virtual objects such as 3D renderings, images, video, text, and so forth) are shown on the display and appear as a part of, and/or overlaid upon, the surrounding environment to provide an augmented reality experience for the user. The display may for example include a waveguide that receives a light beam from a projector but any appropriate display for presenting augmented or virtual content to the wearer may be used. Like PM systems, AR wearable devices may also include radio communications systems (such as cellular, Wi-Fi®, and Bluetooth® transponders) and location systems (e.g., GPS), camera, and IMU sensors.
As referred to herein, the phrases “augmented reality experience” includes or refers to various image processing operations corresponding to an image modification, filter, media overlay, transformation, and the like, as described further herein. In some examples, these image processing operations provide an interactive experience of a real-world environment, where objects, surfaces, backgrounds, lighting etc. in the real world are enhanced by computer-generated perceptual information. In this context an “augmented reality effect” comprises the collection of data, parameters, and other assets needed to apply a selected augmented reality experience to an image or a video feed. In some examples, augmented reality effects are provided by Snap, Inc. under the registered trademark LENSES.
The rendering of the virtual objects by the AR wearable head-worn device systems may be based on a position of the AR wearable device relative to a physical object or relative to a fixed frame of reference (external to the AR wearable device) so that the virtual object correctly appears in the display. As an example, the AR wearable device may render a virtual object associated with a physical object such that the virtual object may be perceived by the user as appearing to be aligned with the physical object. In another example, graphics (e.g., graphical elements containing information, instructions, and guides) appear to be attached to or overlaying a physical object of interest. To achieve this, the AR wearable device detects the physical object and tracks a pose of the AR wearable device relative to a position of the physical object. A pose identifies a position and orientation of the AR wearable device relative to a frame of reference or relative to another object.
User interaction with the AR wearable device may in some cases be provided by voice commands, by input to an associated device such as a smartphone, by gestures detected by the AR wearable device’s cameras, or by a touchpad provided on the AR wearable device, which may be used to provide x-y touch and tap input to the AR wearable device.
In a PM system and AR wearable device integration, the PM system and the AR wearable device are in communication with each other. Each, individually, or through each other, the PM system and the AR wearable device may also be in communication with other devices (such as mobile phones) or with networks containing other devices (such as servers). The PM system may provide the AR wearable device with telemetry information such as speed, acceleration, position of the controls, user position and pose, and battery level. The PM system may also provide information from a camera and other sensors. The AR wearable device, in turn, may provide performance related commands (e.g., limiting or modulating top speed, acceleration, braking power) or non-performance related commands (e.g., turning lights on and off, honking). The AR wearable device may also provide the PM system with telemetry gathered solely by the AR wearable device (e.g., speed calculated by the GPS, position and pose of the user). Similarly, the commands provided by the AR wearable device may be informed by the telemetry and sensor data received from the PM system. Still further, commands provided by the AR wearable device may only informed by information gathered by the AR wearable device.
In some examples, an augmented reality effect includes augmented reality content configured to modify or transform image data presented within a graphic user interface (“GUI”) of the AR wearable device in some way. For example, complex additions or transformations to the appearance of the environment in the AR wearable device’s field of view may be performed using AR effect data, such as highlighting, animating, or transforming traffic control signals, roads, buildings, and vehicles; adding enhancements to landmarks in a scene being viewed on an AR wearable device; or many numerous other such transformations. This includes both real-time modifications that modify an image as it is captured using a camera associated with the AR wearable device or some other device (e.g., a PM system) in communication with the AR wearable device, which is then displayed by the AR wearable device with the AR effect modifications, as well as modifications to stored content, such as video clips in a gallery that may be modified using AR effects. Similarly, real-time video capture may be used with an AR effect to show to a user of an AR wearable device how video images currently being captured by sensors of a device would modify the captured data. Such data may simply be displayed on the screen and not stored in memory, the content captured by the device sensors may be recorded and stored in memory with or without the AR effect modifications (or both), or the content captured by the device sensors may be transmitted, with the AR effect modification, over the network to a server or another device.
AR effects and associated systems and modules for modifying content using AR effects may thus involve detection of objects (e.g., faces, hands, bodies, cats, dogs, surfaces, objects, etc.), tracking of such objects as they leave, enter, and move around the field of view in video frames, and the modification or transformation of such objects as they are tracked. In various examples, different methods for achieving such transformations may be used. Some examples involve generating a 3D mesh model of the object or objects and using transformations and animated textures of the model within the video to achieve the transformation. In other examples, tracking of points on an object is used to place an image or texture, which may be two dimensional or three dimensional, at the tracked position. In still further examples, neural network analysis of video frames is used to place images, models, or textures in content (e.g., images or frames of video). AR effect data thus may include both the images, models, and textures used to create transformations in content, as well as additional modeling and analysis information needed to achieve such transformations with object detection, tracking, and placement.
Other technical features may be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions, and claims.
The frame 102 additionally includes a left temple piece 106 (i.e., a left arm) and a right temple piece 108 (i.e., a right arm) coupled to the respective left end portion 112 and right end portion 118 of the front piece 104 by any suitable means such as a hinge (not shown), so as to be coupled to the front piece 104, or rigidly or fixedly secured to the front piece 104 so as to be integral with the front piece 104. In one or more implementations, each of the left temple piece 106 and the right temple piece 108 includes a first arm portion 124 that is coupled to the respective left end portion 112 and right end portion 118 of the front piece 104 and any suitable second arm portion 126 for coupling to the ear of the user. In some examples, the front piece 104 can be formed from a single piece of material, so as to have a unitary or integral construction. In some examples, such as illustrated in
The glasses 100 can include a computing device, such as a computer 128, which can be of any suitable type so as to be carried by the frame 102 and, in one or more examples, of a suitable size and shape, so as to be at least partially disposed in one of the left temple piece 106 and the right temple piece 108. In one or more examples, as illustrated in
The computer 128 additionally includes a battery 130 or other suitable portable power supply. In some examples, the battery 130 is disposed in one of the left temple pieces 106 and the right temple piece 108 or multiple batteries 130 located in each temple piece. In the glasses 100 shown in
In one or more implementations, the glasses 100 include one or more cameras 132. Although two cameras are depicted, other examples contemplate the use of a single or additional (i.e., more than two) cameras 132. In one or more examples, the glasses 100 include any number of sensors or peripheral devices in addition to the camera 132. For example, the glasses 100 may include sonar sensors, radar sensors, laser sensors, lidar sensors, and inertial measurement units (such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers).
The front piece 104 is provided with an outward facing, forward-facing front or outer surface 134 that faces forward or away from the user when the glasses 100 are mounted on the face of the user, and an opposite inward-facing, rearward-facing or rear or inner surface 136 that faces the face of the user when the glasses 100 are mounted on the face of the user. Such sensors can include inwardly facing video sensors or digital imaging modules such as a that can be mounted on or provided within the inner surface 136 of the front piece 104 or elsewhere on the frame 102 so as to be facing the user, and outward-facing video sensors or digital imaging modules such as the camera 132 that can be mounted on or provided with the outer surface 134 of the front piece 104 or elsewhere on the frame 102 so as to be facing away from the user. Such sensors, peripheral devices or peripherals can additionally include biometric sensors, location sensors (e.g., GPS), or any other such sensors.
In one or more implementations, the glasses 100 include input sensors such as touchpads or buttons (not shown). The touchpads may be mounted to or integrated with one or both of the left temple piece 106 and right temple piece 108. The touchpads are generally vertically arranged, approximately parallel to a user’s temple in some examples. As used herein, generally vertically aligned means that the touchpad is at least more vertical than horizontal, although preferably more vertical than that. Additional user input may be provided by one or more buttons. The one or more touchpads and buttons provide a mechanism whereby the glasses 100 can receive input from a user of the glasses 100. The glasses 100 may include microphones to receive verbal commands from the user and monitor other sounds. Similarly, the glasses 100 may include speakers to provide auditory feedback to the user or allow the user to play music.
The glasses 100 include a right forward optical assembly 202 comprising a right projector 204 and a right near eye display 206, and a left forward optical assembly 208 comprising a left projector 210 and a left near eye display 212.
In some examples, the near eye displays are waveguides. The waveguides include reflective or diffractive structures (e.g., gratings and/or optical elements such as mirrors, lenses, or prisms). Right projected light 214 emitted by the right projector 204 encounters the diffractive structures of the waveguide of the right near eye display 206, which directs the light towards the right eye of a user to provide an image on or in the right optical element 122 that overlays the view of the real world seen by the user. Similarly, left projected light 216 emitted by the left projector 210 encounters the diffractive structures of the waveguide of the left near eye display 212, which directs the light towards the left eye of a user to provide an image on or in the left optical element 116 that overlays the view of the real world seen by the user.
Other display technologies or configurations may be provided that can display an image to a user in a forward field of view. For example, instead of a right projector 204 or a left projector 210 and a waveguide, an LCD, LED or other display panel or surface may be provided instead.
In use, a wearer of the glasses 100 will be presented with information, content, AR effects, virtual objects and various user interfaces on the near eye displays. As described in more detail below, the user can then interact with the glasses 100 using a touchpad and/or the buttons (not shown), by gestures within the field of view of the cameras, as well as by providing voice inputs or touch inputs on an associated device, for example client device 404 illustrated in
The steering column 304 further comprising handlebars 310 extending at a substantially perpendicular orientation from the steering column 304 with the handlebars 310 set at a height for a user to steer the scooter 300 while riding. The handlebars 310 may include a left handle 312 and a right handle 314. The left handle 312 includes an acceleration control 316 and a brake control 318 operably connected to the brake of at least one of the front wheel 306 and the rear wheel 308. As will be discussed in further detail below, each of the acceleration control 316 and brake control 318 is operably connected to a management system 324.
The scooter 300 also includes a power source 320, a propulsion source 322, a management system 324, and forward-looking sensors 326.
The power source 320 and the propulsion source 322 are each independently operably connected to the management system 324. The acceleration control 316 and the brake control 318 are also each independently operably connected to the management system 324, although in some cases the brake control 318 may only be physically coupled to a manual brake system. In operation the user provides inputs through the acceleration control 316 and the brake control 318 to the management system 324 for starting, maintaining, changing and ceasing movement of the scooter 300. Additionally, regenerative braking may be provided via the acceleration control 316. As will be further discussed below, the user may also provide inputs through at least one of the glasses 100 and a client device 404. The management system 324 directs the flow of energy from the power source 320 to the propulsion source 322.
The propulsion source 322 further comprises a motor, a power linkage to the management system 324, and mechanical linkage to at least one of the front wheel 306 and the rear wheel 308 so that the propulsion source 322 can drive at least one of the wheels. For the sake of clarity, the motor may directly drive the wheels or indirectly drive the wheels via a chain/sprocket/drive shaft/ transmission/or other indirect drive means. In some implementations, the brake and propulsion source may be disposed within the hub of at least one of the front wheel 306 and the rear wheel 308. In the implementation illustrated in
The power source 320 may be disposed within the main body 302 and may be charged by the management system 324, which in turn receives power from an outside power source through a connector 328. In some implementations, the power source 320 is removable, allowing a user to swap power sources 320 and to charge each power source 320 away from the scooter 300.
Additionally, the management system 324 is operatively connected to the forward-looking sensors 326 and the visual feedback element 332. The forward-looking sensors 326 are disposed within the sensor housing 330 and mounted to the steering column 304 so that the forward-looking sensors 326 have an unobstructed view in the direction of travel of the scooter 300. The forward-looking sensors 326 may include sensing technologies such as cameras, sonar sensors, radar sensors, laser sensors, and lidar sensors; as well as safety components such as lights or horns. The visual feedback element 332 faces the user and provides the user with information (e.g., power source status, speed, location, and other data received from the management system 324). The visual feedback element 332 may also include a communications module (such as Bluetooth transducer, antennas) operably connected to the management system 324. Additional elements of the scooter 300 will be discussed in further detail below with respect to the networked devices 1002. In some implementations, elements of the management system 324 are integrated into the networked device 1002.
The client device 404 may be a smartphone, tablet, phablet, laptop computer, access point, or any other such device capable of connecting with the glasses 100 and the scooter 300 using both a low-power wireless connection and a high-speed wireless connection. The client device 404 is connected to the server 410 and the network 408. The network 408 may include any combination of wired and wireless connections. The server 410 may be one or more computing devices as part of a service or network computing system. The client device 404 and any elements of the server 410 and network 408 may be implemented using details of the software architecture 1102 or the machine 1200 described in
A user 402 operates the glasses 100 and the scooter 300. The user 402 may be a human user (e.g., a human being), a machine user (e.g., a computer configured by a software program to interact with the glasses 100 and the scooter 300), or any suitable combination thereof (e.g., a human assisted by a machine or a machine supervised by a human). The user 402 is not part of the network environment 400 but is associated with the glasses 100, scooter 300, and the client device 404.
Although the AR wearable device in
The user 402 interacts with an application running on the glasses 100 or the client device 404 or a combination thereof. The application may include an AR application configured to provide the user 402 with an experience associated with a physical object 406, such as a two-dimensional physical object (e.g., a picture), a three-dimensional physical object (e.g., a statue, a car, a person), a specific location (e.g., a landmark), or any references (e.g., perceived corners of walls or furniture) in the real-world physical environment 412.
The AR application can also provide the user 402 with an experience associated with operation of the scooter 300 in addition to presenting information provided by the scooter 300. For example, the user 402 may point a camera 132 of the glasses 100, which captures an image or video feed of a physical object 406 (e.g., a stop sign, a traffic light, a pothole). The contents of the image or video feed are tracked and recognized in the glasses 100 using a local context recognition dataset module of the AR application of the glasses 100. The local context recognition dataset module may include a library of virtual objects or machine-learning models associated with real-world physical objects or references. The AR application then generates additional information related to the image or video feed (e.g., a three-dimensional model, a visual effect, an overlay of textual or symbolic information) and presents this additional information in a display of the glasses 100 in response to identifying features in the image or video feed. If the contents of the video feed or image are not recognized locally at the glasses 100, the glasses 100 may download additional information (e.g., the three-dimensional or machine learning model), from a database of the server 410 over the network 408 or may provide the image or video feed to an associated device (e.g., the client device 404 or server system 1008) for processing.
In some examples, the server 410 is used to detect and identify the physical object 406 based on sensor data (e.g., image and depth data, location) from the glasses 100 or the scooter 300 and to determine a position or pose of at least one of the glasses 100, the scooter 300, and the physical object 406 based on the sensor data. The server 410 can also retrieve or generate a virtual object 414 based on the pose and position of the glasses 100, the scooter 300, the physical object 406, and, in some implementations, of the client device 404. The server 410 or the client device 404 communicates the virtual objects 414 to the glasses 100, which can then display the virtual objects 414 to the user 402 at an appropriate time. Alternatively, the data comprising the virtual objects could be stored in local memory in the client device 404, glasses 100 The object recognition, tracking, virtual object generation and AR rendering can be performed on either the glasses 100, the scooter 300, the client device 404, the server 410, or a combination thereof.
Any of the machines, databases, or devices shown in
The network 408 may be any network that enables communication between or among machines (e.g., server 410), databases, and devices (e.g., glasses 100). Accordingly, the network 408 may be a wired network, a wireless network (e.g., a mobile or cellular network), or any suitable combination thereof. The network 408 may include one or more portions that constitute a private network, a public network (e.g., the Internet), or any suitable combination thereof.
The pose of the glasses 100 permits virtual objects to be displayed to the user in the frame of reference of the environment. That is, a virtual object such as a power up 512 (illustrated as a mushroom) and a power down 514 (illustrated as a banana) can be displayed by the glasses 100 in a fixed position on the pathway 504. As the user turns their head or approaches one of the virtual objects, its apparent position on the pathway 504 is maintained, with appropriate scaling as the user approaches or recedes from the virtual object. The positions of the virtual objects 414 can be predefined for a particular location (for example along a popular trail) or can be positioned intermittently by the AR application. In some examples, the positions and identities of the virtual objects 414 are defined in a map of the environment that is stored on the client device 404 or on the server 410 and, which is or accessed by the AR application based on the pose and location of the glasses 100. Similarly, the data defining individual virtual objects 414 including their appearance and performance-altering characteristics are stored in a database hosted on the server 410 or locally on the client device 404.
Since the position of the user in the environment 502 is known (being the position of the scooter 300, glasses 100 or client device 404), and the positions of the virtual objects 414 in the environment 502 are known, the user can interact with the virtual objects by riding over or through them as perceived by the user. The effect of such an interaction will depend on the nature of the virtual object. For example, when the scooter 300 passes over (the location of) a power up 512, the power of the scooter 300 that is available for use can be increased, or the maximum speed of the scooter can be increased, typically for a certain amount of time. Similarly, when the scooter 300 passes over a power down 514, the power of the scooter 300 that is available for use can be decreased, or the maximum speed of the scooter can be decreased, typically for a certain amount of time or it can be brought completely to a halt. In this way, interaction with a virtual object can affect the behavior or characteristics of real devices such as the scooter 300. It will of course be appreciated that the scooter 300 itself does not actually ride over the virtual object 414, but rather the position of the scooter 300 at the perceived location of the virtual object 414 is detected by the glasses 100, the client device 404 or the scooter 300.
In another example, interaction with virtual object such as the power up 512 as shown in
The virtual objects illustrated in
The virtual objects 414 illustrated in
To facilitate positioning of the virtual objects 414 in
In another example, the relative position and orientation of the scooter 300 and the glasses 100 can be determined by comparing their individual poses in a common local or global frame of reference. In such a case it will be necessary for the scooter 300 to provide data relating to an angle through which the handlebars are turned in order to fix the virtual objects to the handlebars 310 in the user’s field of view. Alternatively, the virtual objects could be fixed with reference to the main body 302 or steering column 304, to float in a fixed orientation above the handlebars 310 or (other portion of a personal mobility system) regardless of the orientation of the handlebars 310.
In use of the example shown in
In this example, the environment 702 includes a walking path 704, a bicycle path 706 a street 710 and a traffic cone 712 located on the bicycle path 706 to indicate a hazard in the bicycle path 706. Personal mobility systems are not permitted on the walking path 704 but only on the bicycle path 706 in this example. To assist the user with navigating the environment, one or more virtual objects 414 are placed in the user’s field of view as displayed by the glasses 100. In this example, a colored AR overlay 708 is positioned over the bicycle path 706 to highlight the path that the user is permitted to take, thereby facilitating correct riding etiquette. Alternatively, forbidden areas (such as the walking path 704) or more hazardous areas (such as a street 710 with cars) can be provided with an overlay instead of or in addition to the AR overlay 708 on the 706. Different colors or effects may be used to distinguish the correct path or area that can be traversed by the scooter 300 from forbidden or hazardous areas.
As with the examples discussed above, interaction with the AR overlay 708 by proximity of the scooter 300 to the location in the environment of the AR overlay 708 can affect the behavior and character of the scooter. In the case of the AR overlay 708, positioning of the scooter on the bicycle path 706 (that is on the AR overlay 708 as perceived by the user) can enable operation at the full capability of the scooter 300, while departing from the bicycle path 706 (or from the AR overlay 708 as perceived by the user) can result in reduced functioning of the scooter 300. Additional effects may also be provided to prompt the user to use the correct path, for example by changing the color or other effects (for example flashing or pulsing) of the AR overlay 708 as displayed by the glasses 100 when the scooter leaves the bicycle path 706. Alternatively, if overlays or other virtual objects 414 are provided on the walking path 704 or the street 710, positioning of the scooter 300 on the overlay or intersecting with the virtual object can trigger reduced functioning of the scooter 300, which is unchanged when the scooter 300 is positioned on the bicycle path 706.
The AR application running on either the glasses 100 or client device 404 may also scan for relevant physical objects or features in the environment 702 using known object detection and recognition techniques. For example in
Any physical object 406 that is a hazard, identifies a hazard, or provides other relevant information to a rider of a personal mobility system can be highlight in this manner, including crosswalks, signage, caution tape, and so forth.
In addition to emphasizing the physical object, the behavior of the personal mobility system can be altered in response to proximity with the hazard. For example, the brakes could be applied or the maximum speed or power could be reduced as before as the user 402 approaches the hazard.
In this example, the AR application running on either the glasses 100 or client device 404 has detected an otherwise unmarked hazard (a pothole 804) in the environment 702 using known object detection and recognition techniques. In some examples, the object detection and recognition is performed using a context or location-specific ML model for potential obstacles or objects that is loaded into the memory of the glasses 100 or client device 404. This reduces the data processing burden since the glasses 100 or client device 404 need only search for potential obstacles or warning signs that may be present in that context or at that location. For example, the context-specific ML model will not include road signs if the user 402 is riding on a mountain bike trail.
In the example of
Any physical object 406 that is a hazard, identifies a hazard, or provides other relevant information to a rider of a personal mobility system can be highlight in this manner, including crosswalks, signage, potholes, sinkholes, trenches, ditches and so forth. Other virtual signage, such as a sign with “DANGER AHEAD,” can be placed over or in front of a physical hazard such as the pothole 804 in the field of view of the glasses 100, in addition to or instead of the virtual traffic cone 806.
In addition to emphasizing the physical object, the behavior of the personal mobility system can be altered in response to proximity with the pothole 804. For example, the brakes could be applied or the maximum speed or power could be reduced as before.
The operations illustrated in
The method starts at operation 902 with a determination of the pose of the glasses 100 by performing VIO on the images captured by the cameras 132 of the glasses 100 and based on data received from the IMU in the glasses 100. The pose determination by VIO may be performed for example by one or more processors in the glasses 100 or in the client device 404 functioning as a tracking module 1028 (see
In operation 904, sensor data is transmitted from the scooter 300 and received by the glasses 100 or client device 404, whichever is performing the VIO. Examples of sensor data provided in this manner would include speedometer reading, throttle position, and steering column position (if available).
At operation 906, the sensor date from the scooter 300 is fused with the pose determined in operation 902, or with the data used to determine the pose in operation 902, for example by one or more processors in the glasses 100 or in the client device 404 functioning as a tracking module 1028 (see
The output of the sensor fusion is a refined pose as shown in operation 908, and this pose is provided to or used by, for example, GPU & display driver 1026 (see
The method continues at operation 910 with a comparison between the location and field of view of the glasses 100 and the locations of any nearby virtual objects 414. The purpose of this comparison is two-fold. Firstly, to display any visible virtual objects 414 in the displays of the glasses 100), fixed to an appropriate frame of reference (e.g., a global real-world frame of reference as shown in
In operation 926 any visible virtual objects 414 (such as power down 514 or power up 512, a starting line, and so forth) are rendered by the glasses 100 using conventional AR techniques. In some instances, nearby virtual objects in the line of sight of the glasses 100 may not be visible due to an intervening virtual object or physical object as determined by a 3D model of the environment, for example based on an existing 3D point cloud model of the area or 3D reconstruction techniques performed by the glasses 100 or client device 404 on the video feed from the cameras 132. From operation 926 the method returns to operation 904 and this loop continues repetitively to ensure that any movement by the user (as reflected by movement of one or more of the glasses 100, scooter 300 and client device 404) and the appearances of new or current virtual objects 414 in the field of view of the user 402 are correctly displayed to the user 402 by the glasses 100, that any status information is updated for the user, and that any AR effects are correctly rendered.
From operation 910, the method also proceeds to operation 912 where it is determined whether the location of a user 402(or a part of the user 402) is proximate to a virtual object 414. This can be as a result of the glasses 100, scooter 300 or client device 404 arriving at the location in the real-world of the virtual object 414 or by visually detecting intersection of a hand or other body part of the user 402 with the virtual object 414. How close the user 402 and the virtual object 414 need to be to satisfy this test will depend on the particular virtual object and the associated implementation. For a power up 512 or a power down 514, the proximity will be sufficiently close as to make the user 402 and the virtual object 414 essentially collocated. For a virtual object that will trigger a warning or a change in performance characteristics such as a virtual traffic cone, or arrival on or departure from AR overlay 708, the proximity may be appropriately greater so as to provide sufficient warning before the scooter actually arrives at the hazard or departs from an authorized path. Sufficient proximity to satisfy the test for a particular virtual object can be considered to be intersection with the virtual object.
If no intersection is detected in operation 912, the method returns to operation 904 and continues from there. If intersection is detected in operation 912, the virtual object 414 is updated if appropriate at operation 914. For example, a power up 512 or power down 514 may disappear from its apparent location and thus be unavailable for re-use by the user 402 or other riders or it may be persistent and available for re-use as discussed above. The disappearance may be temporary or the object may respawn at some future time. On the other hand, an object such as a virtual traffic cone or an AR overlay 708 is likely to be persistent.
The method then proceeds to operation 916 where the parameters associated with the virtual object 414 are processed to determine the appropriate actions to be taken by the glasses 100 or client device 404 when the user 402 has interacted with the virtual object 414. The actions taken in response to intersection with the virtual object 414 will depend on the particular characteristics of the virtual object 414. The parameters associated with the virtual object will define whether there are any sounds or visuals associated with intersection with the virtual object 414, the nature and extent of the associated change in the available or current performance characteristics of the scooter 300 (or other personal mobility system), the duration of the change in the performance characteristics (permanently, for a certain amount of time, for as long as the scooter 300 is sufficiently proximate to the location of the virtual object 414 and so forth), and the timing of the change (immediate, delayed, delayed until activated by the user 402, delayed until another condition is met, and so forth.)
For virtual objects 414 that are associated with an immediate change in the performance, the method proceeds at operation 918, where an instruction or signal is transmitted to the scooter 300 from the client device 404 or the glasses 100to alter the performance characteristics of the scooter 300 according to the characteristics of the virtual object 414. The method then returns to operation 904 and proceeds from there.
For virtual objects 414 that are associated with a delayed or selectable change in performance, the method proceeds at operation 920, where the virtual object is transferred to a new location, typically in a local frame of reference of the glasses 100 or scooter 300 as described above with reference to
Upon receipt of selection of the virtual object in operation 922 (for example as discussed above with reference to
The networked device 1002 (e.g., glasses 100, scooter 300, client device 404) is communicatively coupled to at least one second networked device 1004 and a server system 1008. The distinction between the networked device 1002 and the second networked device 1004 is made only for purpose of differentiating between two distinct devices. It should be understood that the description made herein with respect to the networked device 1002 describes in equal measure the second networked device 1004.
The networked device 1002 is capable of communicatively coupling with the second networked device 1004 using both a low-power wireless connection 1010 and a high-speed wireless connection 1012. The second networked device 1004 is connected to the server system 1008 via the network 1006. The network 1006 may include any combination of wired and wireless connections. The server system 1008 may be one or more computing devices as part of a service or network computing system. The second networked device 1004 and any elements of the server system 1008 and network 1006 may be implemented using details of the software architecture 1102 or the machine 1200 described in
The networked device 1002 may include a data processor 1014, displays 1016, one or more cameras 1018, input/output elements 1020, and additional sensors 1022. The input/output elements 1020 may include microphones, audio speakers, biometric sensors, or additional display elements (e.g., Visual feedback element 332) integrated with the data processor 1014. In some implementations, input/output elements 1020 such as speakers, horns, haptic generators, displays and head lights/signal/telltale lights all are used to cue the user of a networked device 1002 of safety issues, warn the rider visually, aurally, or haptic notice of a safety issue. Examples of input/output elements 1020 are discussed further with respect to
Sensors 1022 may include optical sensors (e.g., photoresistors, lidar, infrared), radio frequency sensors (e.g., radar), mechanical wave sensors (e.g., sonar, pressure), and inertial sensors (e.g., accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers). The networked device 1002 may use some or all of the foregoing to detect physical objects or determine a position or pose of the networked device 1002. For example, inertial sensors may provide information on the roll, yaw, and pitch of the networked device 1002. The networked device 1002 may use this information to detect and notify the user of accidents or other impacts, detect uphill travel to increase power to a propulsion source (e.g., propulsion source 322), or detect downhill travel to establish system braking or power recovery to keep the networked device 1002 (or the second networked device 1004) from exceeding safe speeds and accelerations. Integration with accelerometer/speedometer data also provides significant data for the networked device 1002 to detect, intervene if necessary, and transmit instructions to drive propulsion (e.g., by the management system 324 to the propulsion source 322) and braking performance.
The data processor 1014 includes an image processor 1024 (e.g., a video processor), a GPU & display driver 1026, a tracking module 1028, low-power circuitry 1030, and high-speed circuitry 1032. The components of the data processor 1014 are interconnected by a bus 1034.
The data processor 1014 also includes an interface 1036. The interface 1036 refers to any source of a user command that is provided to the data processor 1014. In one or more examples, the interface 1036 is a physical button that, when depressed, sends a user input signal from the interface 1036 to a low-power processor 1038. A depression of such button followed by an immediate release may be processed by the low-power processor 1038 as a request to capture a single image, or vice versa. A depression of such a button for a first period of time may be processed by the low-power processor 1038 as a request to capture video data while the button is depressed, and to cease video capture when the button is released, with the video captured while the button was depressed stored as a single video file. Alternatively, depression of a button for an extended period of time may capture a still image. In other examples, the interface 1036 may be any mechanical switch or physical interface capable of accepting user inputs associated with a request for data from the cameras 1018. In other examples, the interface 1036 may have a software component, or may be associated with a command received wirelessly from another source, such as from the client device 404.
The image processor 1024 includes circuitry to receive signals from the cameras 1018 and process those signals from the cameras 1018 into a format suitable for storage in the memory 1044 or for transmission to the client device 404. In one or more examples, the image processor 1024 (e.g., video processor) comprises a microprocessor integrated circuit (IC) customized for processing sensor data from the cameras 1018, along with volatile memory used by the microprocessor in operation.
The low-power circuitry 1030 includes the low-power processor 1038 and the low-power wireless circuitry 1040. These elements of the low-power circuitry 1030 may be implemented as separate elements or may be implemented on a single IC as part of a system on a single chip. The low-power processor 1038 includes logic for managing the other elements of the networked device 1002. As described above, for example, the low-power processor 1038 may accept user input signals from the interface 1036. The low-power processor 1038 may also be configured to receive input signals or instruction communications from the client device 404 via the low-power wireless connection 1010. The low-power wireless circuitry 1040 includes circuit elements for implementing a low-power wireless communication system. Bluetooth™ Smart, also known as Bluetooth™ low energy, is one standard implementation of a low power wireless communication system that may be used to implement the low-power wireless circuitry 1040. In other examples, other low power communication systems may be used.
The high-speed circuitry 1032 includes a high-speed processor 1042, a memory 1044, and a high-speed wireless circuitry 1046. The high-speed processor 1042 may be any processor capable of managing high-speed communications and operation of any general computing system needed for the data processor 1014. The high-speed processor 1042 includes processing resources needed for managing high-speed data transfers on the high-speed wireless connection 1012 using the high-speed wireless circuitry 1046. In certain examples, the high-speed processor 1042 executes an operating system such as a LINUX operating system or other such operating system such as the operating system 1104 of
The memory 1044 includes any storage device capable of storing camera data generated by the cameras 1018 and the image processor 1024. While the memory 1044 is shown as integrated with the high-speed circuitry 1032, in other examples, the memory 1044 may be an independent standalone element of the data processor 1014. In certain such examples, electrical routing lines may provide a connection through a chip that includes the high-speed processor 1042 from image processor 1024 or the low-power processor 1038 to the memory 1044. In other examples, the high-speed processor 1042 may manage addressing of the memory 1044 such that the low-power processor 1038 will boot the high-speed processor 1042 any time that a read or write operation involving the memory 1044 is needed.
The tracking module 1028 estimates a pose of the networked device 1002. For example, the tracking module 1028 uses image data and corresponding inertial data from the cameras 1018 and the position components 1208 of the scooter 300, glasses 100 or the client device 404 as well as GPS data, to track a location and determine a pose of the networked device 1002 relative to a frame of reference (e.g., real-world environment). The tracking module 1028 continually gathers and uses updated sensor data describing movements of the networked device 1002 to determine updated three-dimensional poses of the networked device 1002 that indicate changes in the relative position and orientation relative to physical objects in the real-world environment.
In the glasses 100 implementation of the networked device 1002, the tracking module 1028 permits visual placement of virtual objects relative to physical objects by the networked device 1002 within the field of view of the user via the displays 1016. The GPU & display driver 1026 may use the pose of the networked device 1002 or the second networked device 1004 to generate frames of virtual content or other content to be presented on the displays 1016 when the networked device 1002 is functioning in a traditional augmented reality mode. In this mode, the GPU & display driver 1026 generates updated frames of virtual content based on updated three-dimensional poses of the networked device 1002 and/or the second networked device 1004, which reflect changes in the position and orientation of the user in relation to physical objects in the user’s real-world environment.
One or more functions or operations described herein may also be performed in an application resident on the networked device 1002, on the second networked device 1004, or a server system 1008. For example, one or more functions or operations described herein may be performed by one of the applications 1106 such as messaging application 1108.
The operating system 1104 manages hardware resources and provides common services. The operating system 1104 includes, for example, a kernel 1126, services 1128, and drivers 1130. The kernel 1126 acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers. For example, the kernel 1126 provides memory management, processor management (e.g., scheduling), component management, networking, and security settings, among other functionalities. The services 1128 can provide other common services for the other software layers. The drivers 1130 are responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware. For instance, the drivers 1130 can include display drivers, camera drivers, BLUETOOTH® or BLUETOOTH® Low Energy drivers, flash memory drivers, serial communication drivers (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) drivers), WI-FI® drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth.
The libraries 1118 provide a low-level common infrastructure used by the applications 1106. The libraries 1118 can include system libraries 1132 (e.g., C standard library) that provide functions such as memory allocation functions, string manipulation functions, mathematic functions, and the like. In addition, the libraries 1118 can include API libraries 1134 such as media libraries (e.g., libraries to support presentation and manipulation of various media formats such as Moving Picture Experts Group-4 (MPEG4), Advanced Video Coding (H.264 or AVC), Moving Picture Experts Group Layer-3 (MP3), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) audio codec, Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG or JPG), or Portable Network Graphics (PNG)), graphics libraries (e.g., an OpenGL framework used to render in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D) in a graphic content on a display), database libraries (e.g., SQLite to provide various relational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit to provide web browsing functionality), and the like. The libraries 1118 can also include a wide variety of other libraries 1136 to provide many other APIs to the applications 1106.
The frameworks 1120 provide a high-level common infrastructure that is used by the applications 1106. For example, the frameworks 1120 provide various graphical user interface (GUI) functions, high-level resource management, and high-level location services. The frameworks 1120 can provide a broad spectrum of other APIs that can be used by the applications 1106, some of which may be specific to a particular operating system or platform.
In an example, the applications 1106 may include a home application 1138, a contacts application 1140, a browser application 1142, a book reader application 1144, a location application 1146, a media application 1148, a messaging application 1108, a game application 1150, and a broad assortment of other applications such as third-party applications 1152. The applications 1106 are programs that execute functions defined in the programs. Various programming languages can be employed to create one or more of the applications 1106, structured in a variety of manners, such as object-oriented programming languages (e.g., Objective-C, Java, or C++) or procedural programming languages (e.g., C or assembly language). In a specific example, the third-party applications 1152 (e.g., applications developed using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ software development kit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform) may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system such as IOS™, ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or another mobile operating system. In this example, the third-party applications 1152 can invoke the API calls 1122 provided by the operating system 1104 to facilitate functionality described herein.
The machine 1200 may include processors 1212, memory 1214, and I/O components 1202, which may be configured to communicate with each other via a bus 1216. In an example, the processors 1212 (e.g., a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an ASIC, a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a processor 1218 and a processor 1220 that execute the instructions 1210. The term “processor” is intended to include multi-core processors that may comprise two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously. Although
The memory 1214 includes a main memory 1222, a static memory 1224, and a storage unit 1226, both accessible to the processors 1212 via the bus 1216. The main memory 1214, the static memory 1224, and storage unit 1226 store the instructions 1210 embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 1210 may also reside, completely or partially, within the main memory 1222, within the static memory 1224, within machine-readable medium 1228 within the storage unit 1226, within at least one of the processors 1212 (e.g., within the processor’s cache memory), or any suitable combination thereof, during execution thereof by the networked device 1002.
The I/O components 1202 may include a wide variety of components to receive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information, exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/O components 1202 that are included in a particular machine will depend on the type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobile phones may include a touch input device or other such input mechanisms, while a headless server machine will likely not include such a touch input device. It will be appreciated that the I/O components 1202 may include many other components that are not shown in
In further examples, the I/O components 1202 may include biometric components 1232, motion components 1206, environmental components 1234, or position components 1208, among a wide array of other components. For example, the biometric components 1232 include components to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye tracking), measure bio-signals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinal identification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram-based identification), and the like. The motion components 1206 include acceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope), and so forth. The environmental components 1234 include, for example, illumination sensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components (e.g., one or more thermometers that detect ambient temperature), humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g., barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphones that detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g., infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gas detection sensors to detection concentrations of hazardous gases for safety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other components that may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding to a surrounding physical environment. The position components 1208 include location sensor components (e.g., a GPS receiver component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived), orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.
Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies. The I/O components 1202 further include communication components 1236 operable to couple the networked device 1002 to a network 1238 or devices 1240 via a coupling 1242 and a coupling 1244, respectively. For example, the communication components 1236 may include a network interface component or another suitable device to interface with the network 1238. In further examples, the communication components 1236 may include wired communication components, wireless communication components, cellular communication components, Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components to provide communication via other modalities. The devices 1240 may be another machine or any of a wide variety of peripheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a USB).
Moreover, the communication components 1236 may detect identifiers or include components operable to detect identifiers. For example, the communication components 1236 may include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components, optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detect one-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code, multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Aztec code, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2D bar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components (e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, a variety of information may be derived via the communication components 1236, such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geolocation, location via Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting an NFC beacon signal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.
The various memories (e.g., memory 1214, main memory 1222, static memory 1224, and/or memory of the processors 1212) and/or storage unit 1226 may store one or more sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., software) embodying or used by any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. These instructions (e.g., the instructions 1210), when executed by processors 1212, cause various operations to implement the disclosed examples.
The instructions 1210 may be transmitted or received over the network 1238, using a transmission medium, via a network interface device (e.g., a network interface component included in the communication components 1236) and using any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols (e.g., hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)). Similarly, the instructions 1210 may be transmitted or received using a transmission medium via the coupling 1244 (e.g., a peer-to-peer coupling) to the devices 1240.
A “carrier signal” refers to any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such instructions. Instructions may be transmitted or received over a network using a transmission medium via a network interface device.
A “client device” refers to any machine that interfaces to a communications network to obtain resources from one or more server systems or other client devices. A client device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, portable digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, tablets, ultrabooks, netbooks, laptops, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, game consoles, set-top boxes, or any other communication device that a user may use to access a network.
A “communication network” refers to one or more portions of a network that may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, a portion of the Internet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a plain old telephone service (POTS) network, a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, a network or a portion of a network may include a wireless or cellular network and the coupling may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or other types of cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, the coupling may implement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such as Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1xRTT), Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology, third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth generation wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, others defined by various standard-setting organizations, other long-range protocols, or other data transfer technology.
A “component” refers to a device, physical entity, or logic having boundaries defined by function or subroutine calls, branch points, APIs, or other technologies that provide for the partitioning or modularization of particular processing or control functions. Components may be combined via their interfaces with other components to carry out a machine process. A component may be a packaged functional hardware unit designed for use with other components and a part of a program that usually performs a particular function of related functions. Components may constitute either software components (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium) or hardware components. A “hardware component” is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In various examples, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computer system, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one or more hardware components of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application or application portion) as a hardware component that operates to perform certain operations as described herein. A hardware component may also be implemented mechanically, electronically, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, a hardware component may include dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured to perform certain operations. A hardware component may be a special-purpose processor, such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). A hardware component may also include programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. For example, a hardware component may include software executed by a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor. Once configured by such software, hardware components become specific machines (or specific components of a machine) uniquely tailored to perform the configured functions and are no longer general-purpose processors. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware component mechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software), may be driven by cost and time considerations. Accordingly, the phrase “hardware component” (or “hardware-implemented component”) should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein. Considering examples in which hardware components are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware components need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where a hardware component comprises a general-purpose processor configured by software to become a special-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may be configured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g., comprising different hardware components) at different times. Software accordingly configures a particular processor or processors, for example, to constitute a particular hardware component at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware component at a different instance of time. Hardware components can provide information to, and receive information from, other hardware components. Accordingly, the described hardware components may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple hardware components exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) between or among two or more of the hardware components. In examples in which multiple hardware components are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such hardware components may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware components have access. For example, one hardware component may perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardware component may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware components may also initiate communications with input or output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information). The various operations of example methods described herein may be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that are temporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented components that operate to perform one or more operations or functions described herein. As used herein, “processor-implemented component” refers to a hardware component implemented using one or more processors. Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partially processor-implemented, with a particular processor or processors being an example of hardware. For example, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or more processors or processor-implemented components. Moreover, the one or more processors may also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines including processors), with these operations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an API). The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some examples, the processors or processor-implemented components may be located in a single geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other examples, the processors or processor-implemented components may be distributed across a number of geographic locations.
A “computer-readable medium” refers to both machine-storage media and transmission media. Thus, the terms include both storage devices/media and carrier waves/modulated data signals. The terms “machine-readable medium,” “computer-readable medium” and “device-readable medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.
An “ephemeral message” refers to a message that is accessible for a time-limited duration. An ephemeral message may be a text, an image, a video, and the like. The access time for the ephemeral message may be set by the message sender. Alternatively, the access time may be a default setting, or a setting specified by the recipient. Regardless of the setting technique, the message is transitory.
A “machine-storage medium” refers to a single or multiple storage devices and/or media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store executable instructions, routines and/or data. The term shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media, including memory internal or external to processors. Specific examples of machine-storage media, computer-storage media and/or device-storage media include non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FPGA, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks The terms “machine-storage medium,” “device-storage medium,” “computer-storage medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. The terms “machine-storage media,” “computer-storage media,” and “device-storage media” specifically exclude carrier waves, modulated data signals, and other such media, at least some of which are covered under the term “signal medium.”
A “processor” refers to any circuit or virtual circuit (a physical circuit emulated by logic executing on an actual processor) that manipulates data values according to control signals (e.g., “commands”, “op codes”, “machine code”, and so forth) and which produces corresponding output signals that are applied to operate a machine. A processor may, for example, be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC) or any combination thereof. A processor may further be a multi-core processor having two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously.
A “signal medium” refers to any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying the instructions for execution by a machine and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of software or data. The term “signal medium” shall be taken to include any form of a modulated data signal, carrier wave, and so forth. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a matter as to encode information in the signal. The terms “transmission medium” and “signal medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.
Changes and modifications may be made to the disclosed examples without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. These and other changes or modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure, as expressed in the following claims.
A “carrier signal” refers to any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such instructions. Instructions may be transmitted or received over a network using a transmission medium via a network interface device.
A “client device” refers to any machine that interfaces to a communications network to obtain resources from one or more server systems or other client devices. A client device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, portable digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, tablets, ultrabooks, netbooks, laptops, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, game consoles, set-top boxes, or any other communication device that a user may use to access a network.
A “communication network” refers to one or more portions of a network that may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, a portion of the Internet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a plain old telephone service (POTS) network, a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, a network or a portion of a network may include a wireless or cellular network and the coupling may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or other types of cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, the coupling may implement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such as Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1xRTT), Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology, third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth generation wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, others defined by various standard-setting organizations, other long-range protocols, or other data transfer technology.
A “component” refers to a device, physical entity, or logic having boundaries defined by function or subroutine calls, branch points, APIs, or other technologies that provide for the partitioning or modularization of particular processing or control functions. Components may be combined via their interfaces with other components to carry out a machine process. A component may be a packaged functional hardware unit designed for use with other components and a part of a program that usually performs a particular function of related functions. Components may constitute either software components (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium) or hardware components. A “hardware component” is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In various examples, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computer system, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one or more hardware components of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application or application portion) as a hardware component that operates to perform certain operations as described herein. A hardware component may also be implemented mechanically, electronically, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, a hardware component may include dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured to perform certain operations. A hardware component may be a special-purpose processor, such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). A hardware component may also include programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. For example, a hardware component may include software executed by a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor. Once configured by such software, hardware components become specific machines (or specific components of a machine) uniquely tailored to perform the configured functions and are no longer general-purpose processors. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware component mechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software), may be driven by cost and time considerations. Accordingly, the phrase “hardware component” (or “hardware-implemented component”) should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein. Considering examples in which hardware components are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware components need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where a hardware component comprises a general-purpose processor configured by software to become a special-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may be configured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g., comprising different hardware components) at different times. Software accordingly configures a particular processor or processors, for example, to constitute a particular hardware component at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware component at a different instance of time. Hardware components can provide information to, and receive information from, other hardware components. Accordingly, the described hardware components may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple hardware components exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) between or among two or more of the hardware components. In examples in which multiple hardware components are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such hardware components may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware components have access. For example, one hardware component may perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardware component may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware components may also initiate communications with input or output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information). The various operations of example methods described herein may be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that are temporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented components that operate to perform one or more operations or functions described herein. As used herein, “processor-implemented component” refers to a hardware component implemented using one or more processors. Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partially processor-implemented, with a particular processor or processors being an example of hardware. For example, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or more processors or processor-implemented components. Moreover, the one or more processors may also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines including processors), with these operations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an API). The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some examples, the processors or processor-implemented components may be located in a single geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other examples, the processors or processor-implemented components may be distributed across a number of geographic locations.
A “computer-readable medium” refers to both machine-storage media and transmission media. Thus, the terms include both storage devices/media and carrier waves/modulated data signals. The terms “machine-readable medium,” “computer-readable medium” and “device-readable medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.
An “ephemeral message” refers to a message that is accessible for a time-limited duration. An ephemeral message may be a text, an image, a video, and the like. The access time for the ephemeral message may be set by the message sender. Alternatively, the access time may be a default setting, or a setting specified by the recipient. Regardless of the setting technique, the message is transitory.
A “machine-storage medium” refers to a single or multiple storage devices and/or media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store executable instructions, routines and/or data. The term shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media, including memory internal or external to processors. Specific examples of machine-storage media, computer-storage media and/or device-storage media include non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FPGA, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks The terms “machine-storage medium,” “device-storage medium,” “computer-storage medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. The terms “machine-storage media,” “computer-storage media,” and “device-storage media” specifically exclude carrier waves, modulated data signals, and other such media, at least some of which are covered under the term “signal medium.”
A “processor” refers to any circuit or virtual circuit (a physical circuit emulated by logic executing on an actual processor) that manipulates data values according to control signals (e.g., “commands”, “op codes”, “machine code”, and so forth) and which produces corresponding output signals that are applied to operate a machine. A processor may, for example, be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC) or any combination thereof. A processor may further be a multi-core processor having two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously.
A “signal medium” refers to any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying the instructions for execution by a machine and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of software or data. The term “signal medium” shall be taken to include any form of a modulated data signal, carrier wave, and so forth. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a matter as to encode information in the signal. The terms “transmission medium” and “signal medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.
Changes and modifications may be made to the disclosed examples without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. These and other changes or modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure, as expressed in the following claims.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Application Serial No. 17/490,915 filed Sep. 30, 2021, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference as if explicitly set forth.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17490915 | Sep 2021 | US |
| Child | 17561645 | US |
