Patent Grant
6844514
The invention generally relates to an arc quenching device for a low-voltage switching device which switches in air. Preferably, it relates to one having a universally usable, variable attachment for matching the arc quenching chamber to more stringent requirements.
Low-voltage circuit breakers which switch in air require an arc quenching device for operation, in order to quench arcs that occur without any adverse effect on the circuit breaker itself or on adjacent system parts or other assemblies. This is because if this is not done, there is a risk of the hot and hence ionized arc gases causing electrical flashovers, injuring operators, or causing other damage.
Two fundamentally different physical forms are known for the conventional arc quenching devices for low-voltage circuit breakers. In large circuit breakers, until now, complete quenching chambers, which are essentially conventionally produced separately as a component, that is to say a robust enclosure which is resistant to arcs, pressure and temperature and has arc splitters located in it, and a suitable blowing apparatus have until now been fitted to the circuit breaker. One quenching chamber is generally provided for each pole. This chamber has a complete enclosure whose strength is matched not only to the mechanical forces but also to the electrical forces of the arc which occurs in it and is to be quenched, in particular with regard to the pressure and the temperature of the switching gases. The arc splitters are located in this chamber. The chamber may in this case be in the form of a pot-like shaft in which the splitter plates are inserted, or in the form of a structure composed of half shells in which an apparatus is required in order firstly to insert the splitter plates into one half shell, then to fit the second half shell, and finally to connect the two half shells.
Quenching chamber inserts are used as a second form, in which only the function of actual arc quenching can be achieved in one unit. However, this design is not able to withstand the pressure which occurs in conjunction with the arc. These inserts are therefore inserted into a shaft which is provided in or on the switch enclosure. Until now, this form has been predominantly used for small compact circuit breakers, but is also increasingly being used for relatively large circuit breakers, where the enclosures surround these areas, that is to say the switching area and the quenching area.
In these modern low-voltage circuit breakers, the arc quenching chambers are integrated in the enclosure of the switch. The quenching chambers therefore do not form an object projecting beyond the contour of the switch. Although, as before, they are autonomous objects for large circuit breakers, they are, however, included in the overall design such that they end flush with the enclosure contours and only the outlet openings are still visible. However, the parts are accessible and can be removed in order, for example, to assess the contacts located underneath them. If necessary, the entire quenching chamber can also be replaced.
In certain types of even relatively large low-voltage circuit breakers, which are referred to by the American expression ICCB (insulated case circuit breaker), such a design has already been chosen in which prefabricated arc splitter stacks are inserted into the switch enclosure. However, this results in a secondary problem. The insertion of the arc splitter stack does not yet in itself complete the arc quenching device as an entity since, in the end, the switching gases have to leave the switch and emerge into free space without being able to cause any damage.
In conventional circuit breakers, outlet openings are provided for this purpose in the enclosure, which are a component of the enclosure, for example a perforated wall in the enclosure or a wire grating inserted into a retaining opening in the enclosure. This is necessary since, after passing through the arc splitter stack, the switching gasses have not yet been sufficiently cooled down to allow them to emerge into free space. The gas is hot and ionized, and this can lead to flashovers to grounded parts or between busbars. The hot switching gases may also cause sparks and can endanger or injure operators. In consequence, further cooling is essential. Further chamber attachments have therefore been created. For example, DE-A 35 41 514 and 44 10 108 disclose a completely autonomous structure, although based on conventional arc quenching chambers, with enclosure bodies and arc splitters arranged in them, with damping apparatuses fitted to the quenching chambers in order to further cool the switching gases, which are still too hot having passed through the splitter plates, with the damping apparatus that is proposed in DE A 44 10 108 being in the form of an isolating fitted chamber cover, and DE A 35 41 514 indicating a solution in which the attachment contains a number of perforated inserts which are held by means of a covering element through which attachment elements pass. This attachment is highly complex in terms of design and manufacture and has only a partial influence on the characteristics.
A damping insert that is provided also requires a specific pressure response. The gases must emerge unimpeded from the arc splitter area and must then be trapped in a temporary storage area from which, in the end, they can emerge into free space, after having been cooled down.
There are situations in which this solution is not adequate either. EP PS 0437151 B1 discloses a multiple low-voltage circuit breaker in a dielectric enclosure which is equipped with a duplicated cooling apparatus for the quenching gases and is subdivided by dielectric intermediate walls into a number of internal compartments, each of which is associated with one of the poles. In this case, each switching pole has an associated arc splitter stack for deionization of the arc that is struck when the contacts are disconnected, as well as an outlet opening, which is fitted with a first gas cooling apparatus, for the switching gases. These outlet openings then open into a further chamber, which is shared by all the switch poles and has a second cooling apparatus, after passing through which the switching gases are dissipated through gas outlet openings into the surrounding medium. The gases, which are still very hot and are still highly ionized, meet one another before the second cooling apparatus, which can lead to disadvantages.
None of the cited solutions have any damping or blowing devices which themselves belong to only a single arc quenching chamber. They thus represent a comparatively high level of complexity both with regard to the amount of material and with regard to the extent of assembly work. Furthermore, they do not allow the use of uncomplicated material-saving quenching chamber designs, since these do not sufficiently damp and cool down the emerging switching gases.
Furthermore, they do not effectively prevent the still hot, ionized switching gases from entering areas of the switchgear assembly in which they can cause damage. For this reason, known circuit breakers are then subject either to a restricted voltage range or, as described, additional parts such as chimneys or attachments with deionizing media are used. This may be the situation when an increased short-circuit switching capacity is required or a higher rated voltage, for example a higher short-circuit current, since this in general leads to the quenching chamber having to have a larger volume because these parameters affect the design of the quenching chamber, for example the number of arc splitters, the length of the distance which the arc can travel on the arc splitters, the nature of the insulation, damping or deionization at the output of the quenching chamber, and other features.
The chimneys or attachments which have been mentioned are, however, always designed for only one specific situation and cannot be used, extended, varied, interchanged or replaced universally.
An object of an embodiment of the invention is therefore to provide an arc quenching device having a variable attachment which can be used universally in accordance with the normal present-day constructional ideas. By this, arc quenching chambers can be matched to more stringent requirements without any need to additionally construct corresponding quenching chambers.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, this object may be achieved by an arc quenching device having an attachment for low-voltage switching devices. The attachment is in the form of a chimney-like arc quenching chamber extension in order to increase the volume of the arc quenching chamber. It represents a molding which has a lower contour which is precisely the same as the contour of the arc quenching chamber cover which is normally located on the arc quenching chamber, and whose upper contour is identical to the upper contour of the enclosure in order to accommodate the arc quenching chamber cover. The arc quenching chamber is thus used without the standard cover. Instead of the cover, a molding is first of all fitted as an extension to the arc quenching chamber, and to which the arc quenching chamber cover is now fitted. One or more further moldings may also be provided in advance, before the arc quenching chamber cover is fitted as a closure. A molding in this case enlarges the chamber volume by a specific additional volume.
The configuration of the lower contour of the molding such that it is identical to the contour of the arc quenching chamber cover and the embodiment of the upper contour of the molding such that it is identical to the upper contour of the enclosure for holding the arc quenching chamber cover allows any desired number of moldings to be stacked thus allowing the volume of the arc quenching chamber to be enlarged by a multiple of the additional volume in order to comply with the technical requirements, to be precise simply by forming a stack of moldings. The switching capacity can thus be increased in a simple manner.
The material of the molding is expediently identical to the material of the arc quenching chamber cover.
The special contours of the enclosure, attachment and arc quenching chamber cover result in labyrinths which provide a seal for the switching gases and provide safe phase isolation even in the event of short circuits.
The attachment or the attachments is or are attached by use of a screw of appropriate length to the identical attachment point as the arc quenching chamber cover. Further, as described above, the have the insertion/latching mechanism, which is typical for such covers, for mechanical coupling between the switch enclosure and the arc quenching chamber cover. The attachments may expediently have different heights in the form of sets, thus allowing the enlargement of the arc quenching chamber to be matched to the requirements in steps.
To assist understanding, the invention will be explained in more detail in the following text with reference to a preferred exemplary embodiment, although this does not restrict the scope of protection.
An attachment 8 according to an embodiment of the invention and having a quenching chamber cover 9 is arranged on the third arc quenching chamber. The attachment is in the form of an arc quenching chamber extension in order to enlarge the volume of the quenching chamber, and represents a molding 10 whose lower contour 16 precisely matches the contour of the holder for the arc quenching chamber cover which is normally located on the arc quenching chamber. The upper contour of the molding 10 is identical to the upper contour of the enclosure for holding the arc quenching chamber cover 6; 7; 9. Thus, instead of the arc quenching chamber cover 6; 7; 9, a molding 10 is first of all fitted to the arc quenching chamber as an extension to the arc quenching chamber, and the arc quenching chamber cover 6; 7; 9 is now fitted to this. A further molding 10 or a number of further moldings can now also be provided in advance, which are then covered by the arc quenching chamber cover 9. The attachment 10, or the attachments 10, is or are attached by a screw of appropriate length to the identical attachment point 11 as the arc quenching chamber cover.
As described above, the attachment 8 has the insertion/latching mechanism, which is typical for such covers, for mechanical coupling between the switch enclosure and the arc quenching chamber cover 6; 7; 9, in this case represented by a groove 19 on the top face 20 and by a projection 21. The mechanism engages in this groove when it is being fitted, on the lower face 22 of the attachment 8.
Once the attachment 8 has been fitted to the switch enclosure or to a further attachment 8 that is already present, the arrangement is fixed by use of an attachment screw. The screw is passed through the indentation 18, with the special contours of the enclosure, attachment and arc quenching chamber cover producing labyrinths which provide a seal for the switching gases and ensure safe phase isolation even in the event of short circuits. Any desired number of modular attachments 8 can be stacked one on top of the other in this way (e.g. see FIG. 4).
An embodiment of the invention provides an arc quenching device having a variable attachment which can be used universally in accordance with the normal present-day construction ideas, by which are quenching chambers can be matched to more stringent requirements without any need to construct corresponding quenching chambers in addition.
List of reference symbols
The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 36 370 | Jul 2000 | DE | national |
This application is the national phase under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of PCT International Application No. PCT/DE01/02533 which has an International filing date of Jul. 5, 2001, which designated the United States of America and which claims priority on German Patent Application number DE 100 36 370.9 filed Jul. 18, 2000, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCTDE01/02533 | 7/5/2001 | WO | 00 | 6/30/2003 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO0207175 | 1/24/2002 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3582966 | Strobel | Jun 1971 | A |
| 3621169 | Eldon et al. | Nov 1971 | A |
| 3803376 | Cryctko | Apr 1974 | A |
| 4388506 | Murai et al. | Jun 1983 | A |
| 4876424 | Leone et al. | Oct 1989 | A |
| 5756951 | Manthe et al. | May 1998 | A |
| 6222146 | Turkmen | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 3541514 | May 1987 | DE |
| 4410108 | May 1998 | DE |
| 0437151 | Jul 1991 | EP |
| 0437151 | Jul 1991 | EP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20040026377 A1 | Feb 2004 | US |
