BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic, front view of a bridge in accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic, side view of the bridge of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic, side view of an alternative arrangement of asymmetrical arches of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic, side view of another alternative arrangement of the asymmetrical arches of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic, side view of still another alternative arrangement of the asymmetrical arches of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic, side view of an alternative horizontal beam of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic, side view of an alternative arch of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic, enlarged view of a circled portion of the alternative arch of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a comparison of the center of gravity between an exemplary configuration of an arch of FIG. 1 and a conventional arch;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an exemplary configuration of an arch of FIG. 1, together with obliquely-oriented suspender members;
FIG. 11 is similar to FIG. 1, but showing an alternative configuration of suspender members of FIG. 1;
FIG. 12 is similar to FIG. 1, but showing an alternative configuration of first and second abutments of FIG. 1;
FIG. 13 is a schematic, front view of a bridge in accordance with a second preferred embodiment of the present invention; and
FIGS. 14-19 are schematic views of various alternative configurations of the present bridge.
FIG. 4 is a schematic, cross-sectional view of a global timepiece in accordance with a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference will now be made to the drawings to describe the present invention in detail.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a bridge in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention is provided. The bridge has a single arch unit. The arch unit includes a first abutment and a second abutment, a deck 2 extending between the first and second abutments, a pair of asymmetrical arches 1, and a plurality of suspender members 3 attached between the arches 1 and the deck 2.
The first and second abutments are spaced apart from each other at a predetermined distance. The asymmetrical arches 1 are juxtaposedly arranged between and supported by the first and second abutments. The arch unit may further include a plurality of transverse bracings 8 attached between the asymmetrical arches 1 and the deck 2. The asymmetrical arches are slanted inwardly thereby defining an angle of less than 30 degrees therebetween. Referring to FIG. 3, the asymmetrical arches could be slanted outwardly thereby defining an angle of less than 30 degrees therebetween. Referring to FIG. 4, the asymmetrical arches 1 could alternatively be oriented perpendicular to the deck 2. Referring to FIG. 5, in the case of vertically-oriented asymmetrical arches 1, the number of the asymmetrical arches 1 could be more than 2, for example, 3 as in shown in FIG. 5, and should be considered within the scope of the present invention.
The deck 2 generally comprises at least one horizontal beam extending between the first and second abutments. Referring to FIG. 6, the horizontal beam is generally a truss beam. Similarly, referring to FIG. 7, the asymmetrical arches could be truss arches. FIG. 8 shows an enlarged view of a circled portion of the truss arch of FIG. 7.
Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, each of the asymmetrical arches 1 includes a first arch foot portion mounted on the first abutment, a parabolic portion proximate to the first arch foot portion, a catenary portion proximate to the parabolic portion, and a second arch foot portion proximate to the caternary portion mounted on the second abutment. The parabolic portion is parabolic arch. The parabolic portion may be defined by a higher-order parabolic equation. The order of the parabolic equation may be in the range from 2 to 8, preferably from 2 to 4. In the illustrated embodiment, the order of the parabolic equation is 2.
In this case, due to the configuration of the parabolic portion of the arch 1, a center of gravity Wa of the arch 1 is decreased to 75% in height, and is moved sidewards 23.6% of the span. This advantageously increases the in-plane stability coefficient of the arch 1 and causes the center of gravity Wa to be close to the boundary constraint condition associated therewith. In addition, horizontal outward thrust H2 of the arch 1 is transferred into bending moment M2 of the parabolic portion of the arch 1, thereby the outward thrust imposed on the first abutment is decreased close to zero. On the other hand, referring to FIG. 10, due to the obliquely-oriented suspender members 3, the outward thrust H1 imposed on the second abutment may be transferred into bending moment M1 and thereby being dramatically decreased. This may minimize the usage of the horizontal tie rods 4 or even eliminate the need of the horizontal tie rods 4 attached between opposite ends of the arch 1. Referring to FIG. 11, the suspender members 3 could alternatively be oriented perpendicularly to the deck 2.
The arch unit generally has a rise-span ratio in the range from ⅙ to ⅓. The arch unit has a span length in the range from 50 meters to 1000 meters. The first and second arch foot portions of each of the asymmetrical arches 1 may be an arc or a line.
Referring to FIG. 12, the first and second abutments each may includes a plurality of piles 6, a bearing platform 11 formed on tops of the piles 6, a pier 10 formed on the bearing platform 11 and a bent cap 5 provided on a top of the pier 10. Referring to FIG. 2, the arch unit may further comprises a first and second bent cap 5 provided on the respective first and second abutments, and a pair of horizontal tie rods 4 with opposite ends thereof being secured to the first and second bent caps 5 by means of anchorage devices 9.
Referring to FIG. 13, a bridge in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention is provided. The bridge has a plurality of arch units, which is similar to the first embodiment of the present invention. At least two adjacent arch units are arranged in a manner such that the first arch foot portions thereof are adjacent to each other, and at least two adjacent arch units are arranged in a manner such that a first arch foot portion thereof are adjacent to a second arch foot portion thereof. Alternatively, at least two adjacent arch units could be spaced part from each other as shown in FIG. 16, and at least two adjacent arch units could be contiguous to each other as shown in FIGS. 14-15, and 17-19.
Preferably, referring to FIGS. 14-19, the bridge includes two arch units, which are similar to the first embodiment. More preferably, the arch units are arranged in a manner such that the second arch foot portions thereof are adjacent to each other as shown in FIGS. 14-16.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a specific embodiment, it should be noted that the described embodiment is not necessarily exclusive and that various changes and modifications may be made to the described embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Patent Application
20080005857
