Patent Application
20100276097
The object of the invention is an arrangement and a method for controlling underpressure and for saving energy in a drying section of a paper machine or the like according to the preambles of the independent claims presented below.
In a typical drying section of a paper machine or a board machine the web to be dried is conveyed supported by one or two wires in contact with hot drying cylinders. A disadvantage has been the tendency of the web to detach, at certain points, from the contact with the drying wire thereby causing runnability problems. Problematic points are especially
It is previously known to use different kinds of runnability components, such as blow or suction boxes and turning suction rolls in order to create underpressure in the pocket space between the drying cylinders. The underpressure promotes keeping of the web in contact with the wire and thereby improves the runnability of a paper machine. However, creating underpressure by means of runnability components usually consumes a considerable amount of energy. Due to this, the aim is to form more underpressure zones in the pocket space with which the prevailing underpressures can be arranged to be different from each other. Controlling of the underpressures of these underpressure zones is, however, difficult and complicated.
Patent Fl 110442 discloses an impingement unit of a paper machine aiming at a controlled curling of the paper and a good runnability, but the publication does not disclose solutions for saving energy.
An object of this invention is to promote the control of the underpressure zones of the pocket space and possibly, at the same time, to reduce energy consumption in the drying section of a paper machine or the like, especially when creating underpressure in the pocket space between two drying cylinders and one turn roll or turning suction roll.
Another object of this invention is to enable the use of a lower underpressure in the turning suction roll or a freer choice of the roll type as a turn roll without impairing the runnability of the paper machine or the like.
The object of this invention is to promote keeping of the web in contact with the wire in connection with the opening nip of the first drying cylinder and in connection with the closing nip of the second drying cylinder.
A further object of this invention is to enable a more economical roll structure with its auxiliary means to serve as a turn roll, preferably without sucking arrangements.
In order to realise, among other things, the above-mentioned objects, the arrangement and the method according to the invention are characterized by what is presented in the characterizing parts of the enclosed independent claims.
The embodiments mentioned in this text relate, where applicable, to both the runnability component, the arrangement and the method according to the invention, even if this is not always separately mentioned.
A typical runnability component according to the invention in a paper machine or the like, such as a board machine or a finishing machine, comprises
A typical according to the invention for controlling an underpressure in the drying section of a paper machine or the like in connection with a pocket space between two drying cylinders and one turn roll comprises the following delimiting said pocket space
It has now been surprisingly found out that the underpressure of the pocket space in the drying section of a paper machine or the like can be controlled much more precisely than before by arranging a channel on the entry side of the runnability component, by means of which channel the underpressure zones of the pocket space separated by the sealing element are connected. By means of the channel, the air flows between the underpressure zones of the pocket space can be controlled, when required, and thereby the underpressures of the different underpressure zones and the pressure differences between them can be regulated more precisely. At the same time, the operation of the turn roll is considerably intensified and the control of the web is improved with a low energy consumption, as a channel according to the invention suitable for guiding air is arranged in the front part of the runnability component, i.e. on the entry side, in connection with the gap between the runnability component and the wire, in connection with the sealing element.
According to an embodiment of the invention a channel (by-pass) is arranged in the runnability component, between the first and the second underpressure zone, along which channel the air can be allowed to transfer between the underpressure zones and with which it is thereby possible to control the underpressures of the underpressure zones by adjusting the flow, for example to balance the pressure difference in a desired manner. The by-pass channel is thereby a controlled active leak channel between said underpressure zones. According to this embodiment, the arrangement comprises
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the arrangement for controlling the underpressure in the drying section of a paper machine or the like in connection with a pocket space between two drying cylinders and one turn roll comprises the following delimiting said pocket space
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a channel suitable for guiding air can thus be arranged in connection with the sealing element, in the front part of the runnability component, i.e. on the entry side, in connection with the gap between the runnability component and the wire. By means of this channel it is possible to control and to adjust the flow and the pressure of the air, i.e. the pressure difference between at least two different underpressure zones. This channel is preferably elongated in the cross direction of the paper machine or the like and extends substantially over the entire width of the web run.
In this application, a higher underpressure means a lower absolute pressure. Respectively, a lower underpressure means a higher absolute pressure. An underpressure means a pressure, which is lower than the normal atmospheric pressure (1 bar i.e. 100 kPa).
In a typical paper machine both the runnability components, the drying cylinders and the turn rolls are elongated in the cross direction of the paper machine or the like. Therefore the pocket space defined by them is also elongated in the cross direction of the machine.
The entry side of the runnability component means that part or surface of the runnability component, preferably the half, which is on the side of the first drying cylinder in the longitudinal direction of the paper machine or the like. Respectively, the exit side of the runnability component means that part or surface of the box-like runnability component, preferably the half, which is on the side of the second drying cylinder in the longitudinal direction of the paper machine or the like. The lower part of the runnability component means, in turn, that part or surface of the runnability component, which is located nearest to the turn roll, and which lower part comprises a lower surface arranged substantially towards the turn roll.
The runnability component is preferably a blow box or the like. The runnability component typically comprises one or more blow nozzles or blow slots, such that the air blows ejected from them can be used for drying and/or controlling the moving web travelling beside it.
In the arrangement according to the invention, the second drying cylinder is normally arranged, in the machine direction, after the first drying cylinder such that the longitudinal axes of the first and the second drying cylinders are substantially parallel and are located horizontally on the same level. A typical drying section of a paper machine or the like comprises a number of such parallel drying cylinders located on the same level. The turn roll is arranged between two adjacent drying cylinders so that the longitudinal axis of the roll is substantially parallel with the longitudinal axes of the drying cylinders, but it is located on a lower level in the vertical direction than the drying cylinders. The turn roll is placed between the drying cylinders so that its surface does not touch the surfaces of the drying cylinders.
It is to be noted that the ends of the pocket spaces are typically sealed, for example by means of end plates according to prior art, such as gap plates. The end plates are arranged, in a vertical plane according to machine direction, on both sides on the sides of the machine, and the drying cylinders, the turn roll, the wire and the web run are delimited in the space between them.
In this application, the exit side and the entry side of the pocket space have the following meaning: The pocket space can be divided, in the horizontal longitudinal direction of the machine, at the midpoint of the pocket space, into an entry side and an exit side by an imaginary vertical level having the width of the web run. On the entry side, i.e. between the first drying cylinder and the turning suction roll, and on the exit side, i.e. between the turning suction roll and the second drying cylinder, the pocket space is delimited by the wire, and therefore, during the run, also by the web path formed by the wire and the web.
In this application, the first underpressure zone is a space, which is delimited by the first drying cylinder, the turn roll, the second drying cylinder and the wire travelling via them, the runnability component and the sealing element directed towards the wire and towards the web run supported by the wire at the first drying cylinder.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the underpressure can be created in the first underpressure zone by means of an underpressure prevailing inside the turn roll, which underpressure can be made to effect on the first underpressure zone via openings provided on the entire periphery of the roll. If the turn roll is a roll, which does not suck air in it, then the underpressure can be created for example by connecting the underpressure zone to an underpressure channel. Such an underpressure channel can run for example inside the runnability component from which a connection is then arranged to the first underpressure zone, for example an aperture formed in the lower surface of the runnability component. The underpressure can also be arranged by connecting the underpressure zone by means of a connection to another underpressure zone maintained in the pocket space or in its vicinity.
In this application, the second underpressure zone is a space in the part of the pocket space located above the sealing element, which second underpressure zone is delimited, in addition to the second sealing element, by the first drying cylinder and the entry side of the runnability component. The underpressure is created mainly by an air blow directed towards the web path, away from the pocket space.
According to an embodiment of the invention, an auxiliary sealing element is arranged in the lower part of the runnability component, preferably in its lower surface. The auxiliary sealing element is arranged in the gap between the runnability component and the turning suction roll, in order to seal said gap and thereby to intensify the operation the turning suction roll. The auxiliary sealing element guides the air flow moving along the exit side surface of the turn roll, in the rotational direction of the roll, away from the contact with the surface of the turning suction roll. It also serves as a concrete physical obstacle for the entry of air into the space between the runnability component and the turn roll. Thus, as small of an amount of air as possible enters into the first underpressure zone from between the auxiliary sealing element and the turning suction roll, i.e. in between the runnability component and the turning suction roll. Due to what has been described above, a sufficient underpressure can be created in the first underpressure zone by means of a considerably lower underpressure of the turning suction roll than before.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary sealing element is a sealing strip or a multi-stepped sealing strip, for example a labyrinth sealing. In this manner, the exit side blow commonly used in prior art can be even totally eliminated, whereby a considerable saving of energy is achieved, for example per a ton of produced paper. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the exit side of the runnability component is substantially free of blow nozzles or blow slots, i.e. on the exit side of the runnability component there are no elements or components creating active blows.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the auxiliary sealing element is arranged to the exit side part of the lower part of the runnability component, i.e. at a point whose distance from the exit side web run delimiting the pocket space is, in the horizontal direction, 1-50% of the horizontal distance between the entry side and exit side web runs, preferably 1-25%, most preferably 1-20%. The auxiliary sealing element can thus be arranged closer to the exit side web run delimiting the pocket space than to the entry side web run. The advantage of this embodiment is that as large a part as possible of the upper surface of the turning suction roll remains in the first underpressure zone delimited by the auxiliary sealing element, i.e. on the entry side of the auxiliary sealing element in the longitudinal direction of the machine. Thereby, the suction of the turning suction roll can be utilized as efficiently as possible for creating the underpressure of the first underpressure zone. In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary sealing element is arranged in the lower surface of the runnability component, on average in the middle of the lower surface of the runnability component. This means that the distance from the connecting point of the auxiliary sealing element and the lower surface of the runnability component to the entry side first edge of the lower surface of the runnability component is on average the same as to the exit side second edge.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the sealing element and/or the auxiliary sealing element in connection with the entry side of the runnability component is divided into parts in the lateral direction of the machine. The sealing element/the auxiliary sealing element is preferably elongated in the cross direction of the paper machine or the like and extends substantially over the entire width of the web run. The sealing element/the auxiliary sealing element can be assembled of several parts. Thereby, its mounting, transportation and storage is easier, as long bracings can be avoided during transports.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a valve, a throttle or other device or means affecting the air flow in the channel is arranged in the channel. Also a device adjusting the air flow and/or pressure can be provided in the channel.
Thus, in order to adjust the pressure differences between the first and the second underpressure zones of the pocket space it is possible to use valves or throttles, which can be controlled preferably together with other control means of the paper machine or from the side of the paper machine, from the tending side or from the driving side. The adjustment can be based on adjusting of the pressure and/or of the flow.
During the run, the aim is to maintain in the first underpressure zone an underpressure, which is typically between 50-700 Pa, more preferably 100-500 Pa, and most preferably 150-300 Pa lower than the normal atmospheric pressure level (approximately 1 bar, i.e. 105 Pa). During the run, the aim is to maintain the underpressure in the second underpressure zone typically between 800-5000 Pa, more preferably 1000-3000 Pa and most preferably 1500-2500 Pa, which underpressure levels are lower than the normal atmospheric pressure level.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the channel can be divided into at least two different longitudinal channels, which are next to each other in the lateral direction of the machine. The channel connecting the underpressure zones is then divided into parts in the machine direction, which parts are next to each other in the cross direction of the machine. The runnability component can be divided in a corresponding manner into parts in the machine direction, whereby the runnability component can be provided with at least one, preferably several partition walls in the machine direction. In this manner the pocket space can be divided into several adjacent underpressure sections, which can be controlled independently. This enables optimization of the underpressure conditions so as to be suitable for each running situation. The first and the second underpressure zones of the adjacent underpressure sections can be optimized so that, for example, in the outermost sections a first underpressure prevails in the first underpressure zones, which first underpressure is substantially different, either higher or lower than the underpressure in the first underpressure zones of the middlemost underpressure sections located between the outermost underpressure sections. In a corresponding manner, the underpressures in the second underpressure zones of the outermost and the middlemost underpressure sections can differ from each other.
In case several adjacent underpressure sections are used, it is possible to turn or otherwise adjust separately, independently from each other, the valves, throttles, turn plates or other adjusting means in the channels connecting the first and the second underpressure zones to each other, so that the underpressure in the first underpressure zone separated by the sealing element can be adjusted so as to be different from the second underpressure zone at different locations in the cross machine direction.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the arrangement comprises a divided tail threading zone in the channel between the underpressure zones, the operation of which zone is controlled in a precise manner during and after the tail threading. Thus, for the proportion meant for tail threading of the web run a separate tail threading zone can be arranged in the channel. During the tail threading the air flow and/or pressure of the channel can be controlled into one value and after the tail threading, i.e. in a normal running situation with a wide web run, to a second value. The tail threading zone can be located, with respect to the web run, on the tending side, on the driving side or in the central area of the web run.
During the tail threading, the aim is to maintain the underpressure in the first underpressure zone of the tail threading zone between 0-500 Pa lower than the normal atmospheric pressure level, and in the second underpressure zone between 500-3000 Pa lower than the normal atmospheric pressure level. In other words, the underpressure in the first underpressure zone is about 99.5-101 kPa and in the second underpressure zone about 97-99.5 kPa.
An embodiment of the invention comprises one or several tail threading means, which can be for example different kinds of devices needed for forming, transferring, receiving, guiding and further transferring of the tail end. These devices can also be different kinds of water cutters, means for slating draw, dampers and measuring devices. The tail threading means can be located in the edge area of the web run, either on the tending side or on the driving side. They can also be in the central area of the web run, for example in the center line. For the tail threading sector, it is especially preferable to provide the sealing elements/the auxiliary sealing elements for the possibility for different properties, such as for directing blows or suctions. Appropriate surface roughnesses, coatings can also be incorporated also on the jacket of the turn roll in the tail threading sector or in the tail threading zone, which can be coupled as an extension of the jacket, possibly also as a separate tail threading zone.
According to an embodiment of the invention the above mentioned location of the sealing element is, more precisely described, substantially in connection with the opening nip of the first drying cylinder.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sealing element is a multi-stepped sealing. The sealing element and/or the auxiliary sealing element can be a labyrinth sealing. It can be formed of, for example, Teflon stripes. The material of the sealing element/auxiliary sealing element can be, for example, Teflon, plastic, rubber, composite or metal, such as steel or aluminium. A requirement for the material is a sufficient rigidity, with which the free flow of air can be prevented. In addition, it is easily repulpable or entirely non-repulpable in order not to induce problems in pulping, in case small pieces are detached from it.
A grooved and perforated suction roll (vac-roll), a grooved and perforated roll, a grooved roll, a perforated roll or a smooth roll can function as a turn roll in the arrangement according to the invention. According to an embodiment of the invention, the arrangement comprises means for creating underpressure inside the turn roll, so that a higher underpressure can be created inside the turn roll than in the first underpressure zone located in the vicinity of the turn roll surface, thereby creating an air flow from the first underpressure zone into the turn roll. In the embodiment the roll is then perforated, possibly also grooved. A sucking flow on the periphery of the turn roll towards the inside of the roll is active in the direction of the first underpressure zone beginning at the moment when the wire and the web run detach from the surface of the roll (exit point) and ending at the moment when the wire and the web run meet the surface of the roll (entry point).
In known solutions, the underpressure inside the turning suction roll has been about 2000-2500 Pa. Due to the arrangement according to the invention, the amount of air needed for creating the underpressure, for example handled by a fan, can be considerably reduced, which has an effect on a substantial energy saving, for example, from the level of 800-1000 m3/hour/meter of web width to the level of 400 m3/hour/meter of web width.
In case the turn roll is a turning suction roll, its underpressure sucks air from the pocket space above the turning suction roll, especially from the first underpressure zone. The turning suction roll is preferably a roll according to prior art, whose jacket is provided with apertures and whose jacket surface can also be provided with grooves. The grooves are preferably fitted to travel via the openings, whereby the advantage is achieved that the suction effect spreads in the groove on the area of the periphery, over a long distance and area, thereby intensifying the adhesion between the paper and the roll, and does not remain merely in the area of the opening, which is a relatively limited area. The grooves and the openings are arranged with respect to the width of the web run so that the grooves and the openings cover substantially the entire web run width.
In an embodiment of the invention, a turn roll, which has no connection with the means creating the underpressure can be used as a turn roll. In case a turning suction roll is not used as a turn roll, then the roll can be chosen more freely, whereby for example a grooved roll, a perforated roll, a grooved and perforated roll or a smooth roll can be used. In case the roll is a turning suction roll, it is preferably grooved and perforated. In case the roll used is not a suction roll, then considerable cost savings are achieved. A perforated roll jacket with its suction connections forms a considerable cost item, especially as the same structure recurs in the drying section and several corresponding rolls are needed.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in the runnability component, on the entry side, an entry side blow nozzle is arranged in connection with the gap between the runnability component and the first drying cylinder in order to blow air substantially against the travelling direction of the web run, away from the pocket space. According to an embodiment of the invention, as the means for creating underpressure in the second underpressure zone is mentioned an entry side blow nozzle, in which the Coanda-effect is utilized in a manner known as such.
In an embodiment of the invention, according to prior art, the underpressure of the pocket space between the drying cylinders and the turn roll can be guided, in addition to the entry side blow nozzle of the runnability component, with an exit side blow nozzle with which air is ejected out of the pocket space and/or the entry of the air into the pocket space via the gap between the exit side of the runnability component and the second drying cylinder is prevented.
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the enclosed schematic drawing, in which
In this figure and in the others, the web run travels between the drying cylinders and the wire and, respectively, outside the wire on the turn roll.
The figure also shows:
The first underpressure zone 91 of the arrangement of
The first underpressure zone 91 of the arrangement of
The invention is not meant to be limited to the embodiments shown as examples above, but the aim is to interpret it extensively within the scope of protection defined in the claims presented below.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20071031 | Dec 2007 | FI | national |
| 20071033 | Dec 2007 | FI | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FI08/00149 | 12/31/2008 | WO | 00 | 6/24/2010 |
