Patent Application
20130316602
The present disclosure relates to an arrangement for steering and supplying propulsion power to a contra rotating propeller (CRP) propulsion system in a marine vessel.
The propulsion power of large ships or marine vessels is generated by a rotating power unit, whose energy source is for example oil, gas, or nuclear power. The rotating power unit may be a diesel engine, gas turbine or nuclear power reactor rotating turbine. The mechanical output shaft is either directly or via a gear coupled to the shaft of the propeller, or the rotating power unit drives a generator which supplies electric power to the propeller motors of the ship. Furthermore, several different combinations of these two main manners to drive the propeller have been utilized.
The power and energy efficiency of the marine vessel make it desireable for the propulsion power to be generated as economically as possible in different operation modes. The overall energy consumption should therefore be optimized. That means that the electric energy should be generated using the most economical power production system that is available on board, and that the electric energy is utilized as efficiently as possible when supplying the electric energy to the devices and motors using the electric energy.
As is known in the art, the propulsion devices can consume the majority of the energy expended in the marine vessels. Further, the propulsive force or thrust is generated using simultaneously different kind of engines or motors. Therefore it is desireable that these cooperate so that when producing the desired propulsive power and steering, their combined energy consumption is as low as possible. At the same time the total energy consumption and the generation of electricity should be as efficient as possible. While it is desireable for the total energy of the vessel to be generated effectively, and for the electric power to be supplied to and used by all of the electric power consuming devices effectively in different operating situations, the efficiency of the propulsion unit receives attention as most of the energy is used when moving straight ahead under constant conditions.
Publication WO 02/072418 discloses a CRP-propeller arrangement where one propeller is driven by a main engine and another propeller is driven by an electric motor. The shafts of the first and second propellers are coaxial and the shaft of the first propeller is arranged in the hollow shaft of the second propeller. The main engine drives the first propeller coupled to the shaft of the main engine, and the generator arranged relative to the shaft of the main engine supplies electric power to a motor that drives the second propeller. In addition, there are other engines that rotate generators to supply power to the motor.
An arrangement is disclosed for steering and supplying propulsion power to a contra rotating propeller (CRP) propulsion system in a marine vessel, which arrangement comprises: a first propeller driven by a rotatable power unit; a second propeller driven by an AC motor, whereby the second propeller will rotate in an opposite direction relative to the first propeller; and an AC generator coupled to a mechanical output shaft of the rotatable power unit to be driven by the rotatable power unit, the AC generator being electrically connected to the AC motor, wherein: (i) the AC motor and the AC generator have a same electrical frequency; (ii) another electrical power source is provided which is configured to be electrically connectable to the AC motor in parallel to the AC generator; (iii) a shaft of the second propeller is rotatably mounted in a support structure which is attached to a hull of the marine vessel; and (iv) a rudder is supported in a manner allowing pivotal movement of the rudder relative to the support structure.
Exemplary embodiments will be described in more detail in the following by referring to the appended FIGURE, in which:
A new and cost-effective exemplary arrangement is disclosed to supply electric power in a ship or marine vessel.
An exemplary arrangement for steering and supplying propulsion power to a contra rotating propeller (CRP) propulsion system in a marine vessel can include a first propeller driven by a rotating power unit and a second propeller driven by an AC motor. The second propeller can be rotated in an opposite direction relative to the first propeller, and an AC generator can be coupled to mechanical output shaft of the power unit and driven by a rotating power unit, whereby the AC generator is electrically connected to the AC motor. In an exemplary arrangement: (i) the AC motor and the AC generator can have the same electrical frequency, (ii) another electrical power source can be electrically connectable to the AC motor parallel to the AC generator, (iii) the shaft of the second propeller can be mounted rotatable in a support structure which is attached to a hull of the marine vessel, and (iv) a rudder can be supported in a manner allowing pivotal movement of the rudder relative to the support structure.
According to an exemplary embodiment, the rudder is supported by (e.g., connected to) the hull of the marine vessel.
According to an exemplary embodiment, hubs of the first propeller and the second propeller form a continuous streamlined shape.
When using an exemplary arrangement as disclosed herein, there is more freedom in a ship's general arrangement and hull design. The electric power generators can be positioned in a more advantageous way and the hydrodynamic efficiency of the vessel can be thereby improved.
The energy can be generated by a most efficient way in different operation situations and when fulfilling varying power demand of the vessel. Thereby the electrical losses of the marine vessel also can be minimized compared to known electrical propulsion systems.
A main rotating power unit 40 that is, for example, a two-stroke diesel engine drives a propulsion power AC generator 42, whose rotor is fastened to the one output shaft of the rotating power unit 40. A main propeller 44 of the vessel is fastened onto another output shaft 46 of the rotating power unit 40. Though the generator 42 and the propeller 44 are on opposite sides of the rotating power unit 40 in the embodiment shown in
Opposite to the main propeller 44 is arranged a second propeller 48 which is fixed to the output shaft 47 of an AC motor 50 and driven by the AC motor 50. The main or the forward propeller 44 is fitted with bearings (not shown) to the hull of the vessel. The second or the aft propeller 48 is supported with the AC motor 50 and is installed to a pod-like housing 24 that is supported by (e.g., connected to) the hull of the vessel by a support arm or strut 16.
The propulsion AC generator 42 is connected to the AC motor 50 by an electrical power connection 52. Thereby the AC current generated by the ac generator 42 is directly supplied to the AC motor 50. A circuit breaker 54 is arranged on the electrical power connection 52 by which the connection between the AC motor 50 and the propulsion AC generator 42 can be switched on and switched off. When the circuit breaker 54 is switched on, the AC motor 50 and the propulsion AC generator 42 have the same frequency.
A rudder 10 is arranged in the stern of the vessel 2. The rudder is supported via a rudder shaft 14 by the hull of the vessel 2, and via rudder shaft 18 to the housing 24. The rudder shaft 14 is supported via bearings 20 that allow the pivotal movement of the rudder to the hull. The rudder shaft 18 is on the same vertical axial line 22 as the rudder shaft 14 and the rudder 16 is allowed to have pivotal movement to the housing 24 and to the support strut 16. The rudder shaft is fixed to the housing 24 and the rudder is supported thereto via a bearing 12. The rudder is turned around the vertical axial line by a control unit as is known in the art.
The propellers 44 and 48 can be configured to have a high efficiency in a CRP mode. The hub 45 of the propeller 44 and the hub 49 of the propeller 48 are, for example, formed to have a streamlined shape. The propellers are arranged to the axial line and their common outer surfaces form a streamlined entirety. The pod-like housing 24, the supporting strut 16 and the rudder 10 also form a streamlined shape.
Three auxiliary rotating power units 56, 57 and 58 are coupled to three generators 60, 61 and 62, which are via electrical power connections connected to a main switchboard or a main bus 64 of the ship. The main bus or switchboard 64 is connected to the electric distribution mains of the vessel and the generators 60, 61 and 62 supply the electric power to the consumers.
The auxiliary rotating power units 56, 56 and 58 are, for example, four-stroke diesel engines having lower power than the rotating power unit 40. They may also be gas turbines or waste heat recovery systems, for example. The auxiliary rotating power units 56, 57 and 58 can be located in a suitable space in the hull of the vessel and they need not be positioned near the propellers 44 or 48 of the vessel, or near the other consumers of the electric power.
A frequency converter 66 can be coupled between the main switchboard 64 and the junction 68 of the electrical power connection 52 via an electrical power connection 70 and via an electrical power connection 72, respectively. There is a second circuit breaker 74 between the main switchboard 64 and the frequency converter 66 and a third circuit breaker 76 between the frequency converter 66 and the junction 68.
The propulsion system shown in
In a first exemplary mode, the propulsion power is generated by the main rotating power unit 40. The main rotating power unit 40 can be functioning at full power and the AC generator 42 can be directly connected to the AC motor 50. The circuit breaker 54 is switched on and also the circuit breakers 74 and 76 are switched on and the frequency converter 66 is connected between the main switchboard 64 and the junction 68 of the line 52.
The AC motor 50 can be totally supplied from the AC generator 42 via the electrical power connection 52. As the AC generator 42 is directly connected to the AC motor 50 via the electrical power connection 52, the AC generator 42 and the AC motor have the same frequency. When the AC generator 42 and the AC motor 50 have the same number of poles, they can be thereby rotating essentially on the same rotational speed; for example, in the case of synchronous machines the speed is the same, and in the case of asynchronous machines the speed differs by the amount of the slip.
When the AC generator 42 and the AC motor 50 have different pole numbers, their rotational speeds differ from each other based on the pole numbers of the machines. Correspondingly the rotational speeds of the aft and forward propellers differ in the same way as they are fastened to the shafts of the machines.
In a second exemplary mode, the propulsion power is generated by the auxiliary rotating power units 56, 57 and 58 and the main rotating power unit 40. The AC motor is supplied both from the AC generators 50 and AC generators 60, 61 and 62 via the frequency converter 66 and from the ac generator 42 via the electrical power connection 52. The circuit breakers 74 and 76 are switched on and the electric power is supplied to AC motor 50 via the frequency converter 66 and via the main switchboard from the generators 60, 61 and 62. The power and frequency supplying the electric energy from the generators 60, 61 and 62 to the AC motor 50 is controlled by the frequency converter 66. Depending on the power demand of the propulsion system and the power demand of the other electric power users in the vessel, the frequency converter may also supply electric power to the main switch board 64 via the frequency converter 66.
The propulsion power of the marine vessels as disclosed herein can be generated by a rotating power unit, whose energy source is for example oil, gas, or nuclear power. The rotating power unit may be, for example, a diesel engine, gas turbine or nuclear power reactor rotating turbine. Further, waste heat recovery system may be used that utilizes the exhaust gases of main engines by turbochargers.
The AC generator may also be connected to the shaft of the main engine via a gear. Between the second propeller and the AC motor rotating it there may be any of different kinds of gear arrangements. These modifications allow for any of a variety of alternate embodiments that those skilled in the art will appreciate as being within scope of the presently claimed invention.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restricted. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description and all changes that come within the meaning and range and equivalence thereof are intended to be embraced therein.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11152721.4 | Dec 2011 | EP | regional |
This application claims priority as a continuation application under 35 U.S.C. §120 to PCT/EP2012/051561, which was filed as an International Application on Jan. 31, 2012 designating the U.S., and which claims priority to European Application 11152721.4 filed in Europe on Jan. 31, 2011. The entire contents of these applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/EP2012/051561 | Jan 2012 | US |
| Child | 13954146 | US |
