The object of the invention is an arrangement, as defined in the preamble of claim 1, in an elevator for stopping uncontrolled movement of the elevator car.
According to the EU Lifts Directive, an elevator must have means for stopping uncontrolled movement of an elevator car in both directions. These types of means must be able to prevent free fall of an elevator car and uncontrolled upward movement of an elevator car if the operating power is disconnected or if components of the elevator fail. The means stopping an elevator car may not, in such a case, in any loading situations whatsoever cause such a deceleration of velocity that would cause harm to the elevator passengers.
Typically, these types of means stopping an elevator car in an abnormal situation comprise one or more safety gear devices on the elevator car, and an overspeed governor connected to the safety gear device(s), the overspeed governor being arranged to activate the safety gear device e.g. by means of a thin rope. If the speed of movement of the elevator car, and simultaneously the speed of rotation of the overspeed governor connected to the elevator car with a rope, rises to become too high, the centrifugal apparatus of the overspeed governor stops the rotational movement of the overspeed governor, in which case the aforementioned rope of the overspeed governor transmits force to the gripping means of the safety gear device on the elevator car, the wedges of which gripping means press in the wedge housing against the car guide rails and stop movement of the elevator car.
One problem in safety gear solutions known in the art is that gripping often takes place slightly unevenly, in which case a greater deceleration force is exerted on one car guide rail than on the other. For this reason, the elevator car, or in those solutions in which a car sling around the elevator car is used, the car sling must be made so strong that it withstands the forces produced by uneven gripping. This increases the weight of the structures and raises costs.
Another problem is that the car guide rails must be dimensioned to withstand also the forces exerted by gripping, because the gripping takes place on the car guide rails. In this case the guide rails must generally be considerably stronger than guide rails that would need to withstand only the forces produced by guiding the movement of the elevator car.
Yet another drawback in safety gear solutions known in the art is that the gripping in them leaves traces on the guide surfaces of the guide rails, which traces must be removed, e.g. by filing, before the elevator can be taken into use again. Otherwise the aforementioned gripping traces would too quickly wear the guide shoes of an elevator traveling along the guide rails. Removal of gripping traces is extra work, which delays taking the elevator into service and incurs extra costs.
The aim of the present invention is to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks and achieve an inexpensive and easy-to-implement arrangement in an elevator for stopping uncontrolled movement of the elevator car. The arrangement according to the invention is characterized by what is disclosed in the characterization part of claim 1. Other embodiments of the invention are characterized by what is disclosed in the other claims.
Some inventive embodiments are also discussed in the descriptive section of the present application. The inventive content of the application can also be defined differently than in the claims presented below. The inventive content may also consist of several separate inventions, especially if the invention is considered in the light of expressions or implicit sub-tasks or from the point of view of advantages or categories of advantages achieved. In this case, some of the attributes contained in the claims below may be superfluous from the point of view of separate inventive concepts. Likewise, the different details presented in connection with each embodiment can also be applied in other embodiments. In addition, it can be stated that at least some of the subordinate claims can, in at least some situations, be deemed to be inventive in their own right.
The arrangement according to the invention relates to stopping uncontrolled movement of an elevator car in an elevator, which elevator comprises at least an elevator car arranged to move reciprocally in the elevator hoistway along guide rails, and means for stopping uncontrolled movement of the elevator car. One preferred arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that the arrangement comprises an arrester separate from the guide rails of the elevator car and independent of the suspension of the elevator car, and in that the means for stopping uncontrolled movement of the elevator car comprise a stopper means rotating around its axis of rotation from the effect of the movement of the elevator car, the rotational movement of which stopper means is arranged to be stoppable after the speed of movement of the elevator car has increased to be higher than a predefined speed. The arrangement according to one preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the stopper means is mounted rotatably on bearings on the elevator car and connected at its outer rim to the arrester in such a way that when the elevator car moves, the stopper means follows the arrester and receives its rotational movement from the arrester.
One advantage, among others, of the solution according to the invention is that stopping unintended and uncontrolled movement of an elevator car does not take place by gripping the car guide rails, in which case elevator car guide rails that are lightweight and inexpensive in cost can be used. In this case the guide rails of the elevator car can be fabricated e.g. from cold-formed steel plate, in which case the guide rails can be e.g. approx. three times lighter than in solutions according to prior art. This facilitates handling of the guide rails in conjunction with, inter alia, transportation and installation.
In addition, one advantage is that the elevator car and/or the car sling do not need to be dimensioned to withstand one-sided gripping. Another advantage also is that, when supported by gripping, the suspension of the elevator car is balanced. Thus, lighter elevator cars can be made. Another advantage is also a controlled stop of the uncontrolled movement of the elevator car, the stop being independent of the suspension of the elevator car. Yet another advantage is that removal of gripping traces no longer causes delays and extra work while waiting for the elevator to be put back into service after gripping has occurred.
In the following, the invention will be described in more detail by the aid of an example of its embodiment with reference to the simplified and diagrammatic drawings attached, wherein
In addition to the elevator car 1,
The stopper means 6 is arranged to be in contact with an essentially immobile arrester 4, 5 and to receive through this contact its rotational movement from the arrester 4, 5 when the elevator car 1 moves and simultaneously carries the stopper means 6.
In a gripping situation, the rotational movement of the stopper means 6 is stopped in a controlled manner by means of the brake. Preferably the stopping is implemented at a deceleration that does not cause harm to passengers in the elevator car 1. The arrangement 3 according to the invention for preventing uncontrolled movement of an elevator car 1 is separate from and independent of the supports of the elevator car 1 and does not rest on the guide rails 1a of the elevator car 1.
In a solution according to one preferred embodiment of the invention the flexible arresters 4 and 5 are toothed belts, the rotating stopper means 6 are cogged belt pulleys, and the rotating diverting means 9 are diverting pulleys with smooth surfaces. Hereinafter in this description when referring to the aforementioned means, the terms according to a preferred embodiment of them will be used.
Both the crisscross toothed belts 4, 5 of the arrangement 3 for stopping uncontrolled movement of an elevator car 1 are arranged to travel over a cogged belt pulley 6 and a diverting pulley 9 when the elevator car 1 moves upwards and downwards on its guide rails 1a. The cogged belt pulley 6 is arranged to function in a gripping situation as a means stopping uncontrolled movement of the elevator car 1, which means stops the elevator car 1 on the toothed belts 4, 5 functioning as arresters.
The first toothed belt 4 is fixed at its first end via a flexible fixing means to its first fixing point 4a, e.g. to the roof of the elevator hoistway or to the top part of the elevator hoistway, from which fixing point 4a the toothed belt 4 is led downwards and to pass under the first cogged belt pulley 6 of the safety gear means 3a on the bottom part of the elevator car 1, after which the first toothed belt 4 is led over the first diverting pulley 9 on the bottom part of the elevator car 1, e.g. on the corner of the elevator car 1 opposite the first cogged belt pulley 6, and after passing around the first diverting pulley 9 to continue its journey downwards to its fixing point 4b of the second end in the bottom part of the elevator hoistway, e.g. to the floor of the elevator hoistway, to which the first toothed belt 4 is fixed at its second end via a flexible fixing means. In this way, the toothed belt 4 is at the point of the elevator car 1 and above it on the first side of the elevator car 1, and below the elevator car 1 on the second side of the elevator car 1.
Correspondingly, the second toothed belt 5 is fixed at its second end via a flexible fixing means to its second fixing point 5b in the bottom part of the elevator hoistway, e.g. to the floor of the elevator hoistway, from which fixing point 5b the second toothed belt 5 is led upwards and to pass over the second cogged belt pulley 6 of the safety gear means 3a on the bottom part of the elevator car 1, after which the second toothed belt 5 is led under the second diverting pulley 9 on the bottom part of the elevator car 1, e.g. on the corner of the elevator car 1 opposite the second cogged belt pulley 6, and after passing around the bottom of the diverting pulley 9 to continue its journey upwards to its fixing point 5a of the first end in the top part of the elevator hoistway, e.g. on the roof of the elevator hoistway, to which the second toothed belt 5 is fixed at its first end via a flexible fixing means. In this way, the toothed belt 5 is at the point of the elevator car 1 and above it on the second side of the elevator car 1, and below the elevator car 1 on the first side of the elevator car 1.
On the bottom part of the elevator car 1, e.g. on the bottom corner of the elevator car 1 opposite the safety gear means 3a, is a diverting pulley assembly comprising either one common smooth-surfaced diverting pulley 9 for both toothed belts 4 and 5 or one smooth-surfaced diverting pulley 9 for each toothed belt. The diverting pulley or diverting pulleys 9 are preferably fixed to one axis of rotation 11, which is mounted on bearings in a suitable location on the bottom part of the elevator car 1.
In the embodiments of
Instead of the separate cogged belt pulleys 6 and brakes 3b presented above, the toothed belts 4 and 5 can advantageously have only one common cogged belt pulley 6, and also only one common brake 3b with brake disc 7 and brake caliper 8.
The arrangement according to the invention also comprises an overspeed governor for movement of the elevator car 1, which overspeed governor for the sake of clarity is not, however, presented. Preferably, the operation of the overspeed governor is based on centrifugal force. The overspeed governor can be a conventional overspeed governor used in elevators.
In one preferred solution according to the invention, the overspeed governor is connected directly to the brake 3b of the safety gear means 3a and to the rotating parts of the safety gear means 3a, e.g. either to the brake discs 7, to the cogged belt pulleys 6 or to their common axis of rotation 10. In such a case, a separate rope for the overspeed governor is not needed in centrifugal triggering for stopping uncontrolled movement of the elevator car. The overspeed governor is connected to the rotating parts of the safety gear means 3a moving along with the elevator car 1 to rotate in such a way that the centrifugal weights rotate at the same speed as the axis of rotation 10. If the speed of the elevator car 1 increases to become higher than a predefined limit speed, the speed of rotation of the shaft 10 also increases to such that the centrifugal weights cause so-called centrifugal triggering, which activates the brake 3b of the safety gear means 3a. In such a case, uncontrolled movement of the elevator car 1 stops in a controlled manner as a result of the brake 3b.
One way to activate the brake 3b of the safety gear means 3a when centrifugal triggering has occurred is such that the cogged belt pulleys 6 rotating the safety gear means 3a are arranged to produce pressure or force that is transmitted to the brake 3b of the safety gear means 3a, whereby the brake pads of the brake caliper 8 press against the brake discs 7 of the brake 3b. The speed of the centrifugal triggering can preferably be adjusted e.g. electrically.
Alternatively, the brake pads of the brake caliper 8 can be pressed against the brake discs 7 by means of springs. In such a case, the brakes must be opened by means of an electromagnet, fluid pressure or air pressure, so the arrangement must have a power supply or pressure accumulator for producing opening energy during rescue operations.
What is essential in the solution according to the invention is that arrester is separate from the guide rails 1a of the elevator car 1, in which case gripping, i.e. stopping uncontrolled movement of the elevator car 1, does not stress the guide rails 1a of the elevator car 1. The arrester is preferably e.g. the aforementioned toothed belt arrangement, in which two toothed belts 4 and 5 are disposed crisscrossing each other to travel from below the trajectory of the elevator car 1 to above the trajectory and to rotate a cogged belt pulley 6 fitted to move along with the elevator car 1 when the elevator car 1 moves, the cogged belt pulley being in tooth contact with a toothed belt 4, 5. Rotation of the cogged belt pulley 6 is stopped in a gripping situation on the basis of triggering of the overspeed governor traveling along with the elevator car 1. Controlled stopping of the cogged belt pulley 6 is implemented by means of a brake 3b, e.g. a disc brake.
It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited solely to the examples described above, but that it may be varied within the scope of the claims presented below. Thus, for example, the arrangement according to the invention can be different to what is presented above.
It is also obvious to the person skilled in the art that the arrester of the elevator car can be some other suitable structure, e.g. a flexible chain, such as a transmission chain, suited to the purpose, instead of a toothed belt. In such a case, instead of cogged belt pulleys, the stopper means and diverting means will be e.g. a sprocket wheel.
It is also obvious to the person skilled in the art that instead of a toothed belt the arrester of the elevator car can be a steel wire rope or some other belt than a toothed belt, e.g. a V-belt, in which case the stopper means is adapted to be suitable for his belt.
A person skilled in the art will understand that instead of a round stopper means the invention can use also some other type of stopper means, e.g. a gripper, e.g. a rope gripper, compressively gripping the arrester.
This application is a continuation of PCT International Application No. PCT/FI2017/050386 which has an International filing date of May 23, 2017, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
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Entry |
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International Search Report PCT/ISA/210 for International Application No. PCT/FI2017/050386 dated Dec. 5, 2017. |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20200062546 A1 | Feb 2020 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | PCT/FI2017/050386 | May 2017 | US |
Child | 16670307 | US |