Arthropod repellents

The search for insect repellents which have a combination of excellent repellency, high residual activity and essentially no toxicity is a continuing one due to recognition of the possible toxicity to animals or humans of many known insecticides. Since long lasting repellents avoid these problems with insecticides and provide essentially the same results, compounds having these effects are in great demand.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide novel methods for repelling arthropods, and also novel compounds and compositions useful in repelling arthropods including stable flys, mosquitoes, ticks and the like.
In accordance with the present invention, there are employed in the compositions for repelling arthropods an active ingredient having the following formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, for example, lower alkyl of from 1 to 9 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl and the like or alkenyl, for example, lower alkenyl of from 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as allyl and the like; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl as defined in R.sup.1, cycloalkyl, for example, cycloalkyl of from 4 to 6 nuclear carbon atoms such as cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like; or mononuclear aryl such as phenyl and the like; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached may be joined to form a cycloalkyl or cycloalkoxyalkyl ring, for example, a cycloalkyl or cycloalkoxyalkyl ring of from 5 to 11 nuclear carbon atoms which ring may be saturated or unsaturated and substituted or unsubstituted and includes cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cyclohexylene, cycloheptylene, cyclononylene, bicyclo-(2.2.1)-heptyl (norbornyl), tertrahydropyranio and the like, wherein the substituent can be one or more alkyls, for example, lower alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and the like, or hydroxy; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, alkyl, for example, lower alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, and the like; alkoxycarbonyl, for example, lower alkoxycarbonyl of from 2 to 6 carbon atoms wherein lower alkoxy can be methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy and the like, hydroxy lower alkyl, such as hydroxyethyl and the like, or a radical of the formula: --C(.dbd.Y)NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 wherein R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl, for example, lower alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of from 4 to 6 carbon atoms, alkenyl, for example, lower alkenyl of from 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as ethenyl, allyl, butenyl, pentenyl and the like and R.sup.5 is alkyl, for example, lower alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, alkenyl, for example, lower alkenyl of from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, lower alkoxy alkyl, for example, lower alkoxy lower alkyl such as methoxyethyl and the like, carbalkoxy, for example, carbo lower alkoxy such as carbomethoxy, carboethoxy, carbobutoxy and the like, mononuclear aryl such as substituted or unsubstituted phenyl wherein the substituents may be lower alkyl, halo, lower alkoxy and the like or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 may be joined together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring such as a 5 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S or N including pyrrolidinyl, piperidyl, homopiperidyl and the like wherein the substituent may be lower alkyl, carbalkoxy, ethylenedioxy; Y is O or S; X is alkyl, for example, lower alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and the like; alkoxy, for example, lower alkoxy of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy and the like or alkoxycarbonylalkyl, for example, lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl such as methoxycarbonylmethyl, butoxycarbonylethyl and the like; m is an integer of from 0 to 2 and n and n' are integers having a value of from 1 to 2 wherein the dotted line indicates an optional double bond with the proviso that if there is a carbon-nitrogen double bond and n and n' are 1, then R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached is other than 5,5-dimethylcyclopentyl. When there is a carbon/nitrogen double bond in the ring, the R.sup.3 radical is absent.
The novel compounds of this invention have the following structural formula: ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, X, m, n and n' are as defined above with the proviso that when the ring is saturated, X is alkoxycarbonylalkyl and m is at least 1 or R.sup.3 is either hydroxy lower alkyl or --C(.dbd.Y)NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are as defined above or, if there is a carbon-nitrogen double bond and n and n' are each 1, then R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached is other than 5,5-dimethylcyclopentyl.
A preferred embodiment of this invention relates to novel compounds having the following formula: ##STR4## wherein R.sup.7 is hydrogen; R.sup.8 is lower alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, and the like or lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl such as methoxycarbonylmethyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, ethoxycarbonylethyl, butoxycarbonylethyl and the like or R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may be joined to form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring such as pyrrolidyl, piperidyl and the like; X.sup.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxycarbonyl; R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are hydrogen; or R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 or R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached are joined to form a cycloalkyl ring of from 5 to 11 nuclear atoms either saturated or unsaturated; m' is an integer of from 0 to 2, n is an integer of 1 to 2 and the dotted line represents an optional carbon-nitrogen double bond. Especially preferred are those compounds wherein R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form pyrrolidinyl and piperidinyl and n is 1. When there is a carbon-nitrogen double bond, the radical --C(.dbd.O)NR.sup.7 R.sup.8 is absent. These compounds exhibit particularly good insect repellent and residual action.
Particularly preferred compounds are: 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-enylcarboethoxymethyl urea; 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-enylpentamethylene urea; 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-enyltetramethylene urea; 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undecyltetramethylene urea; ethyl alpha(2-methyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene)acetate; 2-azaspiro-[7.5]-tridecane; 2-azaspiro-[10.5]-hexadec-1-ene; 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undeca-1,7-diene; 2-azaspiro-[7.5]-tridec-1-ene; 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-1-ene; N-butyl-N'-3,3-diethylpentamethylene urea; 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-enylallyl urea; ethyl- -(2-butyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene)acetate; 2,6-dimethylpiperidyl-N-butyl urea; 2,6-dimethylpiperidyl-N-carbobutoxymethyl urea; 1-cyano-2-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-6-methyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-8-ene and 3-azaspiro-[5.5]-undecyltetramethylene urea.
The products of this invention are prepared in a variety of ways depending upon the size of the ring or the substituent desired. Those compounds having the following formula: ##STR5## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, m, n and n' are as defined above and are prepared by treating a compound of the formula: ##STR6## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X' and n' are as defined above with an alkali metal hydride such as lithium aluminum hydride and the like. Any solvent which is inert or substantially inert to the reactants may be employed such as ethers including diethylether, tetrahydrofuran and the like. The reaction may be conducted at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. to about 100.degree. C. for a period of time of from about 15 minutes to about 5 hours; however, the reaction is generally initiated at room temperature and then brought to the reflux temperature of the particular solvent employed.
The preparation of those products of this invention having an R.sup.3 substituent is illustrated by the following diagram: ##STR7##
The reaction with an isocyanate (R.sup.5 H.dbd.C.dbd.O) is generally conducted at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. to about 50.degree. C. in a suitably inert solvent such as benzene and the like.
The reaction with the carbamoyl halide or thiocarbamoyl halide ##STR8## wherein R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and Y are as defined above, is generally conducted at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. C. to about room temperature in a suitably inert solvent such as benzene and the like.
The hydrogenation of products A and E with Raney nickel is carried out in a hydrogenator at about 40 to 50 psi of hydrogen using a suitable solvent such as methanol, ethanol and the like.
The products identified as B employed in the preparation of the products identified as A also have insect repellant activity and are prepared as follows: ##STR9##
Product F is treated with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (TSCl) at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. C. to room temperature with 0.degree. C. being the preferred temperature using pyridine as the solvent. The ethylene acetal radical is introduced in the molecule by treating the correspondingly substituted aldehyde product (G and H) with ethylene glycol containing p-toluenesulfonic acid (TSOH) as a catalyst. Solvents which may be employed include benzene, toluene and the like. The reaction is generally conducted at the reflux temperature of the particular solvent employed.
The preparation of those compounds wherein X is alkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl of cyano; R.sup.3 is alkyl and there is no internal ring double bond is accomplished by methods well-known to those skilled in the art and is illustrated below. ##STR10## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, m, n and n' are as defined above and X' is an alkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl or cyano.
The compounds of this invention and compositions thereof can be employed over a wide range of concentration in a variety of carriers or diluents conventionally used in the art.
The amount of such compound employed in the insect repellent compositions can vary between from about 0.1 to about 90 weight percent basis of the weight of the composition and will depend upon the intended use. Usually, the compositions contain between about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of one or more of the compounds, hereinbefore described, and the compound is usually in intimate mixture with the carrier.
When it is desired to use the insect repellent composition directly (i.e., without further dilution), the amount of the compound used can usually vary from between about 0.1 to 5.0 weight percent. When it is desired to formulate a concentrated composition, i.e., one suitable for dilution prior to end use, the compounds will usually be present in the composition in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 90 weight percent.
The carrier employed can be any carrier conventionally used in insect repellent formulations. The carrier should also be one that will not be harmful to the environment. The carrier can be any one of a variety of organic and inorganic liquid, solid, or semi-solid carriers or carrier formulations conventionally used in insect repellent products and can be a mixture of such carriers.
Examples of organic liquid carriers include liquid aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, nonane, decane and their analogs, as well as liquid aromatic hydrocarbons. Examples of other liquid hydrocarbons include oils produced by the distillation of coal and the distillation of various types and grades of petrochemical stocks including kerosene oils which are obtained by fractional distillation of petroleum at between 84.degree. C. and 130.degree. C. and which usually have a flash point between 18.degree. C. and 32.degree. C.
Other petroleum oils include those generally referred to in the art as agricultural spray oils which are light and medium spray oils consisting of the middle fractions in the distillation of petroleum and have a viscosity in the range of from about 40 to 85 sec. Saybolt at 4.degree. C. and are only slightly volatile. These oils are usually highly refined and contain only minute amounts of unsaturated compounds as measured by standard sulfonation tests. The customary sulfonation range of such oils is between 90% and 94% of unsulfonatable residue. These oils are paraffin oils and can be emulsified with water and an emulsifier and diluted to lower concentrations and used as sprays. Tall oils obtained from sulfate digestion of wood pulp, like paraffin oils, also can be employed.
In addition to the above-mentioned liquid hydrocarbons, the carrier can contain conventional emulsifying agents (e.g., a non-ionic surfactant such as an ethylene oxide condensate of octyl phenol or an anionic surfactant such as an alkali metal salt of an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid). Such emulsifiers are used to permit the composition to be dispersed in and diluted with water for end use application.
When paraffin oils are employed as carriers in the insect repellent compositions of this invention, they are usually used in conjunction with an emulsifier, the mixture being diluted with water immediately prior to the end-use application. Other suitable paraffin oils, particularly those used with emulsions, are referred to in the art as heavy paraffin oils and usually have a viscosity greater than 85 sec. Saybolt at 4.degree. C.
Other advantageous organic liquid carriers can include liquid terpene hydrocarbons and terpene alcohols such as alpha-pinene, dipentene, terpineol, and the like. Still other liquid carriers include organic solvents such as aliphatic and aromatic alcohols, esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Aliphatic monohydric alcohols include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl and t-butyl alcohols. Suitable dihydrin alcohols include glycols such as ethylene and propylene glycol and the pinacols (alcohols having the empirical formula: C.sub.6 H.sub.12 (OH).sub.2. Suitable polyhydroxy alcohols include glycerol, arabitol, erythritol, sorbitol, and the like. Suitable cyclic alcohols include cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl alcohols.
Conventional aromatic and aliphatic esters, aldehydes and ketones can be employed and are usually used in combination with the above-mentioned alcohols. Still other liquid carriers including high-boiling petroleum products, such as mineral oil and higher alcohols, such as cetyl alcohol can also be employed. Additionally, conventional "stabilizers" or "synergizers" such as t-butyl sulfinyl dimethyl dithiocarbamate, can be employed in conjunction with, or as a component of, the carriers comprising the compositions of this invention.
Solid carriers which can be used in the compositions of this invention include finely divided organic and inorganic solid materials. Suitable finely divided solid inorganic carriers include siliceous minererals such as clay, including bentonite, attapulgite, fuller's earth, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, mica, talc, finely divided quartz, and the like, as well as synthetically prepared siliceous materials, such as silica aerogels and precipitated and fume silicas.
Examples of finely divided solid organic materials include cellulose, sawdust, synthetic organic polymers and the like.
Examples of semi-solid carriers include petroleum jelly, lanolin and the like, and mixtures of liquid and solid carriers which provide semi-solid carrier products.
The above-described compositions can be employed per se or can be diluted with suitable liquids or solids to repel common flying and crawling insect pests, such as roaches, moths, house and stable flies, termites, flour beetles, bean beetles, weevils, ticks, chinch bugs, ants, chiggers, mosquitoes and the like. The compositions, when used to contact an insect environment, effectively repel the insects. By way of example, one advantageous embodiment of a composition of this invention comprises from about 0.1 to about 90 percent, preferably 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of an active compound falling within the scope of this invention, in intimate mixture with one or more of the above-mentioned carriers.
Insect pests can be repelled by contacting the surfaces on which the insects may alight or crawl with a liquid, solid or semi-solid composition. The contact can be accomplished directly (e.g., by atomizing the composition into the air as a liquid or as a dust so that the material will fall on the desired surface).
By way of further example, insect-infested animals, such as dogs with fleas or poultry with lice, cows with ticks may be treated with the insect repellent compositions by contacting the fur and/or feathers and the lice, fleas and ticks contained therein, thereby ending the insect infestation. Also, granaries and silos can be treated with the compositions of this invention, prior to grain storage, to prevent beetle, weevil, and other insect infestations in the grain to be subsequently stored. Food packaging elements or containers including fiber, cardboard or wooden shipping containers or storage bins, flour sacks, and the like, can be treated with the compositions of this invention to prevent insect infestation.

EXAMPLE 1
2-Azaspiro-[5,5]-undec-1-ene
Step A-1-(2-Cyanoethyl)-1-formylcyclohexane
To a stirred solution of cyclohexane-carboxaldehyde (100 g.; 0.89 mole) and 50% potassium hydroxide solution (10.2 g.) is added, dropwise, acrylonitrile (50.4 g.; 0.95 mole) over the course of one hour, maintaining the reaction temperature between 50.degree.-60.degree. C. by occasional cooling. After all has been added, the mixture is stirred for an additional one hour until the exotherm ceases and then heated to 50.degree.-60.degree. C. for 30 minutes. The product is acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid, taken up into ether, washed with water, dried (MgSO.sub.4) and distilled to afford 38% of colorless 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-1-formylcyclohexane (55.4 g.), b.p. 142.degree.-146.degree. C./5 mm.
Step B-1-(2-Cyanoethyl)-1-formylcyclohexane ethylene acetal
A solution containing 1-(2-cyanoethyl-1-formylcyclohexane (55.4 g.; 0.34 mole), ethylene glycol (27.9 g.; 0.45 mole) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (TSA) (100 mg.) in dry benzene (250 ml.) is heated under reflux with a Dean Stark tube for 12 hours. The solution is cooled, diluted with ether, washed with water and dried. Removal of the solvent affords 98% of 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-1-formylcyclohexane ethylene acetal (69.4 g.) as a colorless mobil liquid.
Step C-2-Azaspiro-[5,5]-undec-1-ene
To a solution of lithium aluminum hydride (12 g.; 0.32 mole) in dry tetrahydrofuran (250 ml.) is added, dropwise and while stirring, 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-1-formylcyclohexane ethylene acetal (41.8 g.; 0.20 mole) in tetrahydrofuran (50 ml.). The mixture is heated under reflux for three hours, after which time the solvent is removed under reduced pressure and ether added (500 ml.). The excess hydride is decomposed and the precipitated salts are removed by filtration. The filtrate is extracted several times with dilute hydrochloric acid and the acidic extract is allowed to stand at room temperature for one hour. The acidic extract is then made strongly alkaline with a dilute sodium hydroxide solution and extracted with ether. The ether is dried and distilled under atmospheric pressure and the residual liquid distilled to afford 53% of 2-azaspiro-[5,5]-undec-1-ene (16 g.) as a colorless mobil liquid, b.p. 65.degree.-67.degree. C./0.70 mm.
EXAMPLE 2
2-Azaspiro-[5,4]-dec-1-ene
Step A-1-Formyl-1-hydroxymethylcyclohexane
Methanol is added to a suspension of 37% formaldehyde solution (69 ml.) and cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde (100 g.; 0.89 mole) to afford a homogeneous solution. The mixture is cooled to 0.degree. C. and a sodium hydroxide solution (1N; 67 ml.) is added with stirring over the course of 15 minutes. The mixture is allowed to warm to room temperature and is stirred at 25.degree. C. overnight. The solution is then concentrated, diluted with water and extracted with ether. The ether extract is dried, evaporated in vacuo and the residual colorless liquid is distilled to afford 51% of 1-formyl-1-hydroxymethylcyclohexane (65 g.) , b.p. 120.degree.-125.degree. C./0.90 mm.
Step B-1-Formyl-1-hydroxymethylcyclohexane cyclic ethylene acetal
A solution containing 1-formyl-1-hydroxymethylcyclohexane (65 g.; 0.46 mole) and ethylene glycol (34.1 g.; 0.55 mole) in benzene (350 ml.) containing p-toluenesulfonic acid (100 mg.) is heated under reflux with continuous separation of water for three hours and then cooled. The benzene solution is washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to afford 90% of 1-formyl-1-hydroxymethylcyclohexane cylic ethylene acetal (77 g.) as a colorless liquid.
Step C-1-Formyl-1-p-toluenesulfonyloxymethylcyclohexane cyclic ethylene acetal
A solution containing 1-formyl-1-hydroxymethylcyclohexane cyclic ethylene acetal (77 g.; 0.41 mole) in anhydrous pyridine (300 ml.) is cooled to 0.degree. C. and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (95.5 g.; 0.50 mole) is added in portions with stirring over 10 minutes. The mixture is then stored at 0.degree. C. for two days, followed by dilution with water. The separated oil is extracted with ether, washed with water, dried and concentrated to afford 93% of 1-formyl-1-p-toluenesulfonyloxymethylcyclohexane cyclic ethylene acetal (130 g.) as a colorless oil.
Step D-1-Cyanomethyl-1-formylcyclohexane cyclic ethylene acetal
A solution of 1-formyl-1-p-toluenesulfonyloxymethylcyclohexane cyclic ethylene acetal (130 g.; 0.38 mole) in dimethyl sulfoxide (200 ml.) is added dropwise to a suspension of sodium cyanide (20.6 g.; 0.42 mole) in dimethyl sulfoxide (300 ml.) with stirring under nitrogen at 90.degree.-95.degree. C. over a period of 15 minutes. After the addition is complete, the mixture is maintained at 90.degree. C. overnight. The dark solution is cooled, diluted with an equal volume of ice water and extracted with ether. The ether extract is washed with water, dried and concentrated to afford 60.0 g. (81% yield) of 1-cyanomethyl-1-formylcyclohexane cyclic ethylene acetal (60 g.) as a dark oil.
Step E-2-Azaspiro-[5,4]-dec-1-ene
A solution containing 1-cyanomethyl-1-formylcyclohexane cyclic ethylene acetal (60 g.; 0.31 mole) in dry tetrahydrofuran (50 ml.) is added dropwise over 30 minutes to a suspension of lithium aluminum hydride (13.3 g.; 0.35 mole) in tetrahydrofuran (200 ml.) with stirring. After the addition is complete, the mixture is heated under reflux for one hour, cooled and decomposed with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution after replacing the tetrahydrofuran with ether. The resulting ether solution is extracted with a hydrochloric acid solution (2N). The aqueous extract is washed once with ether and allowed to stand at room temperature for one hour. The aqueous solution is made strongly basic and extracted with ether. The ether extract is dried and distilled to afford B 14.5 g. (34% yield) of 2-azaspiro-[5,4]-dec-1-ene (14.5 g.) as a colorless mobile liquid, b.p. 45.degree.-47.degree. C./4.5 mm.
The following equation taken together with Table I illustrates the preparation of other compounds by substantially the procedure of Example 1. ##STR11##
TABLE I______________________________________Ex. Cata-No. R.sup.1 R.sup.2 n X' lyst______________________________________3 (CH.sub.2).sub.7 2 -- a4 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CHCHCH.sub.2 2 -- b 2 -- b6 CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 CHCHCH.sub.2 2 -- a7 (CH.sub.2).sub.6 2 -- b8 (CH.sub.2).sub.10 2 -- a9 (CH.sub.2).sub.5 2 4-CH.sub. 3 b10 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.3)C(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 2 -- b11 ##STR12## 12 (CH.sub.2).sub.3 CH(OC.sub.2 H.sub.5)CH.sub.2 2 -- b13 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 2 -- a14 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 2 -- b15 CH.sub.3 CH(C.sub.2 H.sub.5)(CH.sub.3) 2 -- b16 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 2 -- b17 CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.8 CH.sub.3 2 -- b18 CH.sub.3 .phi. 2 -- b 19 H ##STR13## 2 -- b______________________________________PhysicalCharacteristics Picrate Elemental AnalysisEx. B.P./.degree.C./ M.P./ Calc. FoundNo. mm .degree.C. C H N C H N______________________________________3 103-105/2 186- 52.93 5.92 13.72 52.81 6.06 13.8 1894 85/4.5 154- 50.79 4.79 14.81 50.59 4.82 14.8 155.55 75-80/.85 140- 52.31 4.65 14.35 52.03 4.63 14.7 1446 74-75/.20 183- 52.04 5.14 14.28 51.78 5.11 14.2 1867 70-72/.30 177- 51.77 5.62 14.21 51.82 5.82 14.5 1788 127-130/.10 162- 55.99 6.71 12.44 56.30 6.96 12.7 164.59 60/.05 157- 51.77 5.62 14.21 51.91 5.86 14.6 158.510 75-77/.25 135- 53.20 5.46 13.79 53.13 5.38 13.6 13711 130-140/.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- --12 130-140/.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- --13 85/.25 128- 47.12 4.75 14.66 47.49 4.80 15.0 129.514 40-41/.35 180- 48.91 5.47 15.2 49.30 5.68 15.38 18315 45-47/.15 115- 50.25 5.80 14.65 50.17 6.02 14.64 11716 35-37/.15 110- 48.91 5.47 15.21 48.73 5.53 15.52 11217 105-108/.20 75- 55.74 7.13 12.38 54.59 7.13 12.58 7918 84-87/.10 147- 53.73 4.51 13.93 53.81 4.56 13.83 149.519 72-74/.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- --______________________________________
EXAMPLE 20
2-Azaspiro-[5.5]-undecane
A solution of 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-1-ene (15 g.; 0.10 mole) and one teaspoon (3 g.) of W2 Raney nickel catalyst in absolute ethanol (300 ml.) is hydrogenated at an initial pressure of B 40 psi until hydrogen uptake ceases (2 hours). The mixture is filtered through celite and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure. Distillation of the residual liquid yields 88% of 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undecane (13.5 g.), b.p. 55.degree.-57.degree. C./0.10 mm.
By following substantially the procedure of Example 20 and by substituting for the 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-1-ene recited therein 2-azaspiro[7.5]tridec-1-ene; 3,3-diethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine and 2-azaspiro-[5.5]undeca-1,7-diene there is obtained (Example 20A) 2-azaspiro-[7.5]tridecane, b.p. 85.degree.-87.degree. C./0.1 mm., (Example 20B) 3,3-diethylpiperidine, b.p. 39.degree.-40.degree. C./0.35 mm and (Example 20C) 2-azaspiro[5.5]-undec-7-ene, b.p. 74-75 C./0.8 mm, respectively.
EXAMPLE 21
Ethyl.alpha.(2-methyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene)acetate
Step A-2-Methyl-2-azoniaspiro-[5.5]-undeca-1,7-diene iodide
A solution of 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undeca-1,7-diene (14.9 g.; 0.10 mole) is dissolved in dry benzene (150 ml.) and methyl iodide (21.3 g.; 0.15 mole) is added. The mixture becomes warm and a solid separates. The precipitate is filtered, washed with ether and air-dried to afford 27.0 g. (93% yield) of 2-methyl-2-azoniaspiro-[5.5]-undeca-1,7-diene iodide, m.p. 193.degree.-194.degree. C.
Step B-Ethyl.alpha.(2-methyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene)acetate
A solution of sodium methoxide in absolute ethanol (100 ml.; 0.035 mole) is treated with ethyl malonate (DEM) (5.6) g.; 0.035 mole). The ethanol is removed under reduced pressure and the resulting sodiomalonic ester is dissolved in dry dimethyl sulfoxide (50 ml.). 2-Methyl-2-azoniaspiro-[5.5]-undeca-1,7-diene iodide (8.73 g.; 0.03 mole) is added in one portion and the mixture is stirred and heated at 90.degree.-120.degree. C. for two hours, cooled, diluted with water and the separated oil is extracted with ether. The ether extract is washed with water, dried and concentrated. Distillation of the residual liquid yields 4.8 g. (50% yield) of ethyl .alpha.(2-methyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene)acetate, b.p. 108.degree. C./0.40 mm.
By following substantially the procedure of Example 21 and by substituting the appropriate amine and iodide for those recited therein, the following amino esters are obtained: ##STR14##
TABLE II__________________________________________________________________________ AnalysisEx. B.P. Picrate Calc. FoundNo. R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 (.degree.C./mm.) mp .degree.C. C H N C H N__________________________________________________________________________22 --C.sub.2 H.sub.5 --C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH.sub.3 -- 90-93/.35 127-128 51.06 6.43 11.91 51.24 6.62 12.2623 --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 -- C.sub.2 H.sub.5 -- 114-115/0.15 139-141 53.43 6.12 11.33 53.63 6.38 11.5424 --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 -- C.sub.3 H.sub.7 -- 118-120/0.15 164-167 54.35 6.34 11.02 53.97 6.32 11.2725 --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 -- C.sub.4 H.sub.9 -- 126-0.15 133-135 55.163 6.56 10.72 55.25 6.74 11.2626 --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 -- C.sub.5 H.sub.11 -- 132-134/0.15 -- -- -- -- -- -- --27 --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 -- C.sub. 6 H.sub.13 -- 145-147/0.15 -- -- -- -- -- -- --28 --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 -- C.sub.7 H.sub.15 -- 152-154/0.15 -- -- -- -- -- -- --29 --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- CH.sub.3 -- 108-110/0.15 -- -- -- -- -- -- --30 --C.sub.2 H.sub.5 --C.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 -- 75-77/0.07 -- -- -- -- -- -- --31 --C.sub.2 H.sub.5 --C.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.3 H.sub.7 101-105/0.45 -- -- -- -- -- -- --32 --C.sub.2 H.sub.5 --C.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.4 H.sub.9 -- 110/0.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- --__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 33
Alternative Procedure for Preparing 2-Azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene ##STR15##
A solution containing 1-formyl-1-cyanoethylcyclohex-3-ene (100 g.; 0.61 mole) and dry Raney nickel (10 g.) in absolute methanol (500 ml.) is hydrogenated in a Parr apparatus until hydrogen uptake ceases (3 hours). The solution is decanted from the catalyst and concentrated under reduced pressure. Distillation of the residual liquid affords 50 g. (54% yield) of 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene, b.p. 74.degree.-75.degree. C./0.80 mm.
EXAMPLE 34
Alternative Procedure for Preparing Ethyl .alpha.-[2-methyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene]acetate
To a solution containing ethyl bromoacetate (10 g.; 0.06 mole) in dimethyl formamide (100 ml.) is added zinc-copper couple (4.3 g.). Heating and stirring are initiated and 2-methyl-2-azoniaspiro-[5.5]-undeca-1,7-diene (8.73 g.; 0.03) mole is added in one portion. The temperature of the resulting mixture is maintained at 100.degree. C. for 5 hours and cooled to room temperature. The solution is diluted with an equal volume of water and treated with excess concentrated ammonium hydroxide. Ether extraction, followed by drying over magnesium sulfate and subsequent distillation affords 7.0 g. (73% yield) of ethyl.alpha.-[2-methyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene]acetate, b.p. 108.degree. C./0.40 mm.
EXAMPLE 35
2-Azaspiro-[5.5]-undecyltetramethyleneurea
A solution containing triethylamine (24.2 g.; 0.24 mole) and pyrrolidine carbamoyl chloride (32.7 g.; 0.24 mole) in benzene (200 ml.) is treated dropwise, under ice cooling, with 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undecane (36.72 g.; 0.24 mole). After the addition is complete, the mixture is allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 hours. The precipitated triethylamine hydrochloride is collected by filtration and the filtrate is concentrated and the residual viscous oil is distilled to afford 53 g. (88% yield) of 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undecyltetramethylene urea, b.p. 132.degree.-135.degree. C./0.30 mm.
EXAMPLE 36
2-Azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-enylpentamethylene urea
A solution containing triethylamine (101 g.; 1 mole) and piperidylcarbamoyl chloride (148 g.; 1 mol.) in toluene (1.0 l.) is treated dropwise under ice cooling with 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene (151 g.; 1 mole). After the addition is complete, the mixture is allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 hours. The precipitated triethylamine hydrochloride is collected by filtration and the filtrate is concentrated and the residual oil is distilled to afford 218.5 g. (83% yield) of 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-enylpentamethylene urea, b.p. 150.degree.-155.degree. C./0.55 mm. (m.p. 37.degree.-39.degree. C.)
EXAMPLE 37
2-Azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-enyl carboethoxymethyl urea
A solution containing 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene (151 g.; 1 mole) in toluene (1.0 l.) is treated dropwise, under ice cooling, with ethyl isocyanatoacetate (129 g.; 1 mole). After the addition is complete, the mixture is kept at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent is removed and the residual liquid distilled to afford 237 g. (85% yield) of 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-enyl carboethoxymethyl urea, b.p. 188.degree.-190.degree. C./0.80 mm.
By following substantially the procedure of Example 37 and by substituting for the ethyl isocyanatoacetate an equivalent equimolar quantity of diethyl isocyanatophosphate, allyl isocyanate, propyl isocyanate and butyl isocyanate, there is obtained, respectively, 1-(1,0-diethylaminocarbonylphosphoramidato)-3-(2'-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7'ene)urea; 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-enylallyl urea; 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-enylpropyl urea and 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-enylbutyl urea, m.p. 46.degree.-49.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 38
2-Azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-enetetramethylene urea
Step A-2-Azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene-carbamoyl chloride
A solution of 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene (13 g.; 0.086 mole) in benzene (25 ml.) is added dropwise, under ice cooling, to a solution of phosgene (9 g.; 0.09 mole) in benzene (100 ml.). The solution is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and concentrated under reduced pressure. Distillation of the residual colorless liquid affords 7.5 g. (41% yield) of 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-enecarbamoyl chloride, b.p. 110.degree.-113.degree. C./0.50 mm.
Step B-2-Azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene tetramethylene urea
A solution containing 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-enecarbamoyl chloride (7.5 g.; 0.035 mole) and triethylamine (3.54 g.; 0.035 mole) in benzene (50 ml.) is treated with pyrrolidine (2.49 g.; 0.035 mole) at room temperature. After 30 minutes, the triethylamine hydrochloride is collected by filtration and the filtrate is distilled to afford 7.8 g. (90% yield) of 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene tetramethylene urea, b.p. 135.degree.-138.degree. C./0.30 mm.
By following substantially the procedure of Example 37 and by substituting for the 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene recited therein an equimolar quantity of Compound A and by substituting for the ethyl isocyanato-acetate recited therein an equimolar quantity of Compound B, the following products are obtained:
__________________________________________________________________________Ex. No. Compound A Compound B Product__________________________________________________________________________39 3,3-Diethylpiperidine Methyl isocyanate N--methyl-N'--3,3-diethylpenta- methylene urea, m.p. 81.degree.-83.degree. C.40 3,3-Diethylpiperidine Butyl isocyanate N--Butyl-N'--3,3-diethylpenta- methylene urea41 Tetrahydropyridine Methyl isocyanate N--Methyl-N'--tetrahydropyridyl urea, b.p. 130.degree.-135.degree. C./2.5 mm.42 Tetrahydropyridine Ethyl isocyanate N--Ethyl-N'--tetrahydropyridyl urea, b.p. 135.degree.-138.degree. C./1.5 mm.43 Tetrahydropyridine Propyl isocyanate N--Propyl-N'--tetrahydropyridyl urea, b.p. 125.degree. C./0.5 mm.44 Tetrahydropyridine Butyl isocyanate N--Butyl-N'--tetrahydropyridyl urea, b.p. 138.degree. C./0.75 mm.45 Tetrahydropyridine tert-Butyl isocyanate N--tert-Butyl-N'--tetrahydro- pyridyl urea, m.p. 130-4.degree. C.46 2-Methylpiperidine Methyl isocyanate N--Methyl-N'--2-methylpiperidyl urea, b.p. 127.degree.-130.degree. C./0.5 mm.47 2-Methylpiperidine Propyl isocyanate N--Propyl-N'--2-methylpiperidyl urea, b.p. 120.degree. C./0.5 mm.48 2-methylpiperidine Butyl isocyanate N--Butyl-N'--2-methylpiperidyl urea, b.p. 140.degree.-142.degree. C./0.5 mm.49 2-Azaspiro-[5.5]-undec- Allyl isocyanate 2-Azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7- 7-ene enylallyl urea, b.p. 173.degree.- 175.degree. C./1.0 mm.50 2-Methylpiperidine tert-Butyl isocyanate 2-Methylpiperidyl-N'--tert- butyl urea, m.p. 125.degree.-127.degree. C.51 2-Methylpiperidine Allyl isocyanate 2-Methylpiperidyl-N'--allyl urea, b.p. 140.degree.-142.degree. C./0.75 mm.52 2-Methylpiperidine Ethyl isocyanatoacetate 1-(2-Methylpiperidyl)-3-carbo- ethoxymethyl urea, b.p. 155.degree.- 160.degree. C./0.5 mm.53 2,6-Dimethylpiperidine Ethyl isocyanate 2,6-Dimethylpiperidyl-N--ethyl- urea, m.p. 94.degree.-95.degree. C.54 2,6-Dimethylpiperidine n-Propyl isocyanate 2,6-Dimethylpiperidyl-N--propyl urea, m.p. 77.degree.-79.degree. C.55 2,6-Dimethylpiperidine n-Butyl isocyanate 2,6-Dimethylpiperidyl-N-- butyl urea, (oil)56 2,6-Dimethylpiperidine Ethyl isocyanatoacetate 2',6'-Dimethylpiperidyl- carboethoxymethyl urea, (oil)57 2,6-Dimethylpiperidine n-Butyl isocyanatoacetate 2,6-Dimethylpiperidyl-N-- carbobutoxymethyl urea, (oil)58 2-Ethylpiperidine Methyl isocyanate 2-Ethylpiperidyl-N'--methyl urea, b.p. 155.degree. C./3 mm.59 2-Ethylpiperidine Ethyl isocyanate 2-Ethylpiperidyl-N'-- ethyl urea, b.p. 153.degree.-155.degree. C./3 mm.60 2-Ethylpiperidine n-Propyl isocyanate 2-Ethylpiperidyl-N'--propyl urea, b.p. 150.degree. C./1.75 mm.61 2-Ethylpiperidine n-Butyl isocyanate 2-Ethylpiperidyl-N'--butyl urea, b.p. 150.degree.-156.degree. C./1.5 mm.62 2-Ethylpiperidine tert-Butyl isocyanate 2-Ethylpiperidyl-N'--tert-butyl urea, m.p. 113.degree.-114.degree. C.63 2-Ethylpiperidine Allyl isocyanate 2-Ethylpiperidyl-N'--allyl urea, b.p. 155.degree.-157.degree. C./2 mm.64 2-Ethylpiperidine Ethyl isocyanatoacetate 1-(2'-Ethylpiperidyl-3-carbo- ethoxymethyl urea, b.p. 175.degree.- 180.degree. C./1.75 mm.65 4-Ethoxycarbonyl- Methyl isocyanate 4'-Carboethoxypiperidyl-N'-- piperidine methyl urea, b.p. 175.degree.-180.degree. C./2 mm.66 4-Ethoxycarbonyl- Ethyl isocyanate 4'-Carboethoxypiperidyl-N'-- piperidine ethyl urea, b.p. 173.degree.-180.degree. C./1 mm.67 4-Benzylpiperidine Methyl isocyanate 4-Benzylpiperidyl-N'--methyl urea, (oil)68 4-Benzylpiperidine Ethyl isocyanate 4'-Benzylpiperidyl-N'--ethyl urea, (oil)69 4-Benzylpiperdine n-Propyl isocyanate 4'-Benzylpiperidyl-N'--propyl urea, oil70 4-Benzylpiperidine n-Butyl isocyanate 4'-Benzylpiperidyl-N'--butyl urea, oil71 4-Benzylpiperidine Ethyl isocyanatoacetate 4'-Benzylpiperidyl-N--carboethoxy- methyl urea, m.p. 110.degree.-112.degree. C.72 3-Azaspiro-[5,5]-un- Pyrollidylcarbamoyl 3-azaspiro-[5.5] -undecyl-tetra- decane chloride methylene urea, b.p. 160.degree.-164.degree. C./ 3 mm.73 3-Azaspiro-[5,5]-un- Ethyl isocyanate 3-azaspiro-[5.5]-undecyl-allyl urea, decane m.p. 64.degree.-67.degree. C.74 3-Azaspiro-[5,5]-un- Ethyl isocyanatoacetate 3-azaspiro-[5.5]-undecyl-carboethoxy decane urea, m.p. 89.degree.-92.degree. C.75 2-Azaspiro-[5,5]-undec- Cyclohexyl isocyanate 2-Azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-enyl urea, 7-ene m.p. 103.degree.-106.degree. C.76 2-Azaspiro-[5,5]-undec- Homopiperdylcarbamoyl- 2-Azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-enyl-hexa- 7-ene chloride methylene urea, b.p. 159.degree.-162.degree. C./ 0.5 mm.77 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec- diethylamine 2-azaspiro [5.5]-undec-7- 7-enyl carbamoyl N',N'--diethyl urea, chloride b.p. 112.degree. C./0.15 mm78 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec- methylaminoacetaldehyde 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7- 7-enyl carbamoyl dimethyl acetal enyl-N'--methyl-N'-- chloride dimethoxyethyl urea, b.p. 160.degree. C./0.02 m79 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec- bis-(2-methylallyl)- 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7- 7-enyl carbamoyl amine enyl-N',N'--2-methylallyl chloride urea, b.p. 134.degree. C./0.00 mm80 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec- allylcyclohexylamine 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7- 7-enyl carbamoyl enyl-N'--allyl-N'--cyclohexyl chloride urea b.p. 70.degree. C./0.02 m81 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec- proline methyl ester 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7- 7-enyl carbamoyl enyl 2'-carbomethoxy- chloride pynolidinyl urea, b.p. 180.degree. C./0.15 mm82 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec- thiazolidine 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7- 7-enyl carbamoyl enyl-thiazolidinyl urea chloride83 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec- azetidine 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7- 7-enyl carbamoyl enyl trimethylene urea, chloride b.p. 150.degree. C./0.15 mm84 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec- 2,5-dimethylpynolidine 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7- 7-enyl carbamoyl enyl 2',5'-dimethyl- chloride pyrrolidinyl urea.85 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec- 4-carboethoxypiperidine 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7- 7-enyl carbamoyl enyl-4'-carboethoxy- chloride piperidyl urea.86 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec- 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro- 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7- 7-enyl carbamoyl [4.5]decane enyl-1',4'-dioxa-8'- chloride azaspiro[4.5]decyl urea.87 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec- o-tolyl isocyanate 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7- 7-ene enyl 3'-methylphenol urea.88 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec- 3,4-dimethylphenyl 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7- 7-ene isocyanate enyl-3',4'-dimethylphenyl urea.89 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec- p-methoxyphenyl 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7- 7-ene isocyanate enyl 4'-methoxyphenyl isocyanate90 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec- 2-ethylphenyl 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7- 7-ene isocyanate enyl-2'-ethylphenyl urea.91 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec- 3-chlorophenyl 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7- 7-ene isocyanate enyl-3'-chlorophenyl urea.92 6-methyl-2-azaspiro- propyl isocyanate 6-methyl-2-azaspiro[5.5]- [5.5]-undec-8-ene undec-8-enyl propyl urea.93 6-methyl-2-azaspiro- butyl isocyanate 6-methyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]- [5.5]-undec-8-ene undec-8-enyl butyl urea.94 6-methyl-2-azaspiro- butyl isocyanatoacetate 6-methyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]- [5.5]-undec-8-ene undec-8-enyl carbobutoxy- methyl urea.95 6-methyl-2-azaspiro- pyrrolidine carbamoyl 6-methyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]- [5.5]-undec-8-ene chloride undec-8-enyl-tetramethylene urea.96 6-methyl-2-azaspiro- ethyl isocyanatoacetate 6-methyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]- [5.5]-undec-8-ene undec-8-enyl carboethoxy- methyl urea.97 2-azaspiro-[7.5]- propyl isocyanate 2-azaspiro-[7.5]-tridecyl tridecane propyl urea.98 2-azaspiro-[7.5]- pyrrolidine carbamoyl 2-azaspiro-[7.5]-tridecyl tridecane chloride tetramethylene urea.99 7,8-dimethyl-2-azaspiro- butyl isocyanate 7,8-dimethyl-2-azaspiro- [5.5]-undec-7-ene [5.5]-undec-7-enyl butyl urea.100 7,8-dimethyl-2-azaspiro- ethyl isocyanatoacetate 7,8-dimethyl-2-azaspiro- [5.5]-undec-7-ene [5.5]-undec-7-enyl carbo- ethoxymethyl urea.101 7,8-dimethyl-2-azaspiro- butyl isocyanatoacetate 7,8-dimethyl-2-azaspiro- [5.5]-undec-7-ene [5.5]-undec-7-enyl carbo- butoxymethyl urea.102 7,8-dimethyl-2-azaspiro- pyrrolidine carbamoyl 7,8-dimethyl-2-azaspiro- [5.5]-undec-7-ene chloride [5.5]-undec-7-enyl tetra- methylene urea.103 tetrahydroquinoline octyl isocyanate tetrahydroquinolyl-N-- octyl urea.104 7,8-dimethyl-2-azaspiro- propyl isocyanate 7,8-dimethyl-2-azaspiro- [5.5]-undec-7-ene [5.5]-undec-7-enyl propyl urea.__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 103
2-Hydroxyethyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene
A mixture of 2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene (30.2 g.; 0.20 mole), 2-bromoethanol (25 g.; 0.20 mole) and triethylamine (20.2 g.) in toluene (250 ml.) is heated under reflux for 5 hours. The solution is cooled, filtered to removed triethylamine hydrobromide and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual liquid is distilled under reduced pressure to afford 28 g. (72% yield) of 2-hydroxyethyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-7-ene, b.p. 90.degree.-91.degree. C./0.45 mm.
EXAMPLE 104
1-Cyano-2-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-6-methyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-8-ene
Step A-[2-Methyl-1-formyl-1-(2'-azaspiro-4-cyclohexene]ethylene acetal
A solution of 2-methyl-1-formyl-1-(2'-cyanoethyl)-4-cyclohexene (122 g.; 0.69 moled), ethylene glycol (62 g.; 1.0 mole) and para-toluenesulfonic acid (300 m.) in benzene (500 ml.) is heated under reflux with a Dean Stark tube for 3 hours. The reaction mixture is cooled, washed several times with water, dried and concentrated to afford 152 g. (100% yield) of [2-methyl-1-formyl-1-(2'-cyanoethyl)-4-cyclohexene]ethylene acetal as a light yellow viscous liquid.
Step B-6-Methyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undeca-1,8-diene
To a solution of lithium aluminum hydride (28.5 g.; 0.75 mole) in tetrahydrofuran (500 ml.) is added dropwise and while stirring [2-methyl-1-formyl-1-(2'-cyanoethyl)-4-cyclohexene]ethylene acetal (15.2 g.; 0.69 mole) and tetrahydrofuran (250 ml.). The mixture is heated under reflux for three hours, after which the solvent is removed under reduced pressure and ether (500 ml.) is added. The excess hydride is decomposed by adding successively water (28.5 ml.); a 15% sodium hydroxide solution (28.5 ml.) and water (85.5 ml.). The precipitated salts are removed by filtration and the filtrate is extracted several times with dilute hydrochloric acid. The acidic extract is stored at room temperature overnight then made strongly basic with a concentrated sodium hydroxide solution (25%) and the solution extracted with ether. The ether extracts are dried (MgSO.sub.4) and the ether removed under atmospheric pressure and the residue distilled under vacuum to afford 52.6 g. (47% yield) of 6-methyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undeca-1,8-diene, b.p. 74.degree.-75.degree. C./0.20 mm.
Step C-1-Cyano-2-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-6-methyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-8-ene
A solution of 6-methyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undeca-1,8-diene (21.2 g.; 0.13 mole) and 2-iodoethanol (22.3 g.; 0.13 mole) in benzene (200 ml.) is heated to reflux and allowed to cool. The benzene is removed under reduced pressure and dimethyl sulfoxide (250 ml.) and then sodium cyanide (9.8 g.; 0.2 mole) added. The mixture is stirred at 50.degree. C. for 2 hours, cooled and diluted with water (750 ml.). The oil is extracted wit ether and the ether solution washed with water and dried over magnesium sulfate. The ether solution is filtered and the ether removed. Distillation of the residue under reduced pressure affords 22.5 g. (74% yield) of 1-cyano-2-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-6-methyl-2-azaspiro-[5.5]-undec-8-ene, b.p. 142.degree.-145.degree. C./0.55 mm.
The following test description and results illustrate the use of the novel compounds of this invention.
REPELLENCY SCREEN
Male albino guinea pigs (Perfection Breeders) are divided into groups of 2 each and placed into individual cages in a rodent battery equipped with an automatic watering system. Individual animal body weights ranged from 450 to 600 g. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Guinea pigs are prepared for testing by clipping a patch of hair from the back with a size 10 clipper blade. This permits a residual amount of hair to be left on the animal.
Test compounds are formulated as 5% solutions in acetone. A 2.5 ml. volume of test solution is applied with a medicine dropper pipette to an area on the animal's back measuring approximately 7 cm. .times.5 cm. This application results in a deposit rate of 3.5 mg./cm..sup.2. Two guinea pigs are treated with each compound. The test animal is anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital administered intraperitoneally at the rate of 35 mg./kg. and is placed in a cylindrical plastic cage with only the treated portion of the back exposed. The masked animal is introduced into an insect cage filled with either starved stable flies or yellow fever mosquitoes. Approximately 500-1000 insects are used as the challenge. The treated guinea pig is exposed to the test insects for a 5-10 minute period initially and at 3 hours post-treatment and then on a daily basis until the repellency activity of the compound terminates. The residual repellency activity of a compound is regarded as terminated when three or more test insects fed on the guinea pig during the exposure period. N. A. means not active at the test dose.
______________________________________ Protection Time Yellow feverExample No. Stable Fly Mosquito______________________________________1 4 days (D) 7 Days (D)2 0.5 Hours (H) 0.5 Hours (H)3 2D 8D4 3D 8D5 3H 3H6 3H 3H7 3H 3H8 4D 3H9 3H 3H10 2D 3H11 3H 1D17 1D 1D19 3H20 3H 3H20A 4D 1D20B 3H 1D21 3D 2D22 1D 2D23 2D 3H24 3D 3H25 4D 3H26 1D 3H27 3H 3H28 3H 3H29 2D 1D30 2D 2D31 3D 1D32 2D 2D35 17D 20D36 4D 4D37 7D 12D38 8D 8D39 Not Active 0.5H40 3D 6D41 Not Active 3H47 0.5H 2 + D48 2D 2D50 1D 0.5H51 2D 0.5H52 2D 3H53 0.5H NA54 NA 0.5H55 8D 8D56 2D NA57 7D 7D58 0.5H 2D59 0.5H 2D60 3H 3D61 3H 2D62 3H 3H63 2D 3H64 2D 3H65 3H 3H66 3H 3H67 NA 0.5H68 0.5H 0.5H69 NA 0.5H70 3H 3H71 3H 3H72 6D 7D73 NA 2D74 0.5H NA75 0.5H 0.5H76 4D 3H77 3D 3D78 3D 4D79 0.5H 0.5H80 0.5H 0.5H81 5D 8D82 6D 6D83 1D 1D84 1D 3D85 6D 6D86 0.5H 3H87 0.5H 0.5H88 0.5H 0.5H89 0.5H 0.5H90 0.5H 0.5H91 0.5H 0.5H92 0.5H 0.5H93 0.5H 0.5H94 0.5H 0.5H95 1D 1D96 1D 1D97 1D 3H98 3H 3H99 3H 3H100 3H 3H101 0.5 3H102 1D 1D103 3D 3D104 3D 6D______________________________________

	Number	Date	Country
Parent	221089	Dec 1980
Parent	29491	Apr 1979

	Number	Date	Country
Parent	839159	Oct 1977
Parent	751932	Dec 1976

Arthropod repellents

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