Patent Grant
8065818
Conventional articles of athletic footwear generally include two primary elements, an upper and a sole structure. The upper is secured to the sole structure and forms a void on the interior of the footwear for comfortably and securely receiving a foot. The sole structure is positioned between the upper and the ground, and it may include a polymer foam midsole and an outsole. The midsole attenuates ground (or other contact surface) reaction forces to lessen stresses upon the foot and leg. The outsole forms a ground-engaging portion (or other contact surface-engaging portion) of the sole structure and is formed from a durable and wear-resistant material. The sole structure also may include a sockliner or an insole member that is positioned within the void and proximal a lower surface of the foot to enhance footwear comfort.
The upper, in at least some footwear structures, generally extends over the instep and toe areas of the foot, along the medial and lateral sides of the foot, and around the heel area of the foot. In some articles of footwear, such as basketball footwear and boots, the upper may extend upward and around the ankle to provide support for the ankle. Access to the void in the interior of the footwear is generally provided by an access opening. A lacing or other footwear securing system often is incorporated into the upper to selectively increase the size of the access opening and to permit the wearer to modify certain dimensions of the upper, particularly girth, to accommodate feet with varying dimensions and to allow for easy foot insertion and removal. In addition, the upper further may include a tongue that extends under the lacing system to enhance comfort of the footwear and a heel counter to limit movement of the heel.
Various materials are conventionally utilized in manufacturing uppers. The upper of athletic footwear, for example, may be formed from multiple material layers that include an exterior layer, an intermediate layer, and an interior layer. The materials forming the exterior layer of the upper may be selected based upon the properties of wear-resistance, flexibility, and air-permeability, for example. With regard to the exterior layer, the toe area and the heel area may be formed of leather, synthetic leather, or a rubber material to impart a relatively high degree of wear-resistance. Leather, synthetic leather, and rubber materials, however, may not exhibit the desired degree of flexibility and air-permeability for various other areas of the exterior layer of the upper. Accordingly, the other areas of the exterior layer may be formed from a synthetic textile, for example. The exterior layer of the upper may be formed, therefore, from numerous material elements that each imparts different properties to the upper. The intermediate layer of the upper is conventionally formed from a lightweight polymer foam material that provides impact force attenuation and enhances comfort. Similarly, the interior layer of the upper may be formed of a comfortable and moisture-wicking textile that removes perspiration from the area immediately surrounding the foot. In some articles of athletic footwear, the various layers may be joined with an adhesive, and stitching may be utilized to join elements within a single layer or to reinforce specific areas of the upper.
One aspect of the invention relates to articles of footwear having an upper and a sole structure. The upper includes a matrix structure that defines a plurality of apertures. The apertures may have an elongate configuration to impart differences in the extensibility of the upper in different directions. As an example, the matrix layer may be formed from a plurality of segments that cross each other to define the apertures. The specific shapes of the apertures may vary to include quadrilaterals, hexagons, circles, ovals, triangles, and any other desired shape.
Additional aspects of this invention relate to articles of footwear, including athletic footwear or other types of footwear. Articles of footwear in accordance with at least some examples of this invention may include one or more of: (a) a sole structure; (b) an upper engaged with the sole structure, the upper having a lateral side element extending through at least a heel region of the footwear and a medial side element extending through at least the heel region of the footwear, wherein at least a portion of the lateral side element includes a polymer matrix and at least a portion of the medial side element includes a polymer matrix; (c) a size adjustment mechanism located at the heel region; (d) a heel tongue element located adjacent the size adjustment mechanism and the foot-receiving chamber; (e) a shoe securing mechanism engaged with at least one of the upper or the sole structure; (f) an instep tongue member engaged with at least one of the upper or the sole structure; and/or (g) a bootie member located at least partially within the foot-receiving chamber and optionally engaged with at least one of the upper, the sole structure, the heel tongue element, the instep tongue member, etc.
Further aspects of this invention relate to methods of manufacturing articles of footwear, e.g., of the various types described above. Such methods may include, for example: (a) forming one or more polymer matrix structures that defines a plurality of apertures, wherein the polymer matrix structure(s) provide a first free end and a second free end; (b) incorporating the polymer matrix structure(s) into an upper such that the first free end extends along a heel region of the upper and the second free end extends along the heel region of the upper; (c) engaging the first free end and the second free end; and (d) securing a sole member to the upper. The steps may take place in any desired order. The polymer matrix structure(s) may form any desired portion, portions, or proportions of the overall upper structure. One or more additional elements, structures, and/or features, such as a heel tongue element, a shoe securing mechanism, an instep tongue member, and/or a bootie element, may be incorporated into the overall footwear structure and/or footwear production method without departing from this invention.
The advantages and features of novelty characterizing various aspects of the invention are pointed out with particularity in the appended claims. To gain an improved understanding of the advantages and features of novelty, however, reference may be made to the following descriptive matter and the accompanying drawings that describe and illustrate various embodiments and concepts related to the aspects of the invention.
The foregoing Summary, as well as the following Detailed Description, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The following discussion and accompanying figures disclose various articles of footwear having uppers with polymer matrix layers in accordance with examples and aspects of the present invention. Concepts related to the polymer matrix layers are disclosed with reference to various articles of athletic footwear having configurations suitable, for example, for the sports of running and basketball. The polymer matrix layers, however, are not solely limited to footwear designed for running and basketball. Rather, they may be incorporated into a wide range of athletic footwear styles, including shoes that are suitable for baseball, cross-training, football, rugby, soccer, tennis, volleyball, and walking, for example. In addition, the polymer matrix layers may be incorporated into footwear that is generally considered to be non-athletic, including a variety of dress shoes, casual shoes, sandals, boots, shower shoes, beach/water shoes, shoes for water sports and/or for use in wet conditions, etc. An individual skilled in the relevant art will appreciate, therefore, that the concepts disclosed herein with regard to the polymer matrix layers may be applied to a wide variety of footwear styles, in addition to the specific styles discussed in the following material and depicted in the accompanying figures.
I. General Description of Aspects of this Invention
1. Articles of Footwear
Aspects of this invention relate to articles of footwear, including athletic footwear or other types of footwear, that include: (a) an upper having a lateral side element extending through at least a heel region of the footwear and a medial side element extending through at least the heel region of the footwear, wherein at least a portion of the lateral side element includes a polymer matrix and at least a portion of the medial side element includes a polymer matrix; (b) a size adjustment mechanism located at the heel region; (c) a heel tongue element located adjacent the size adjustment mechanism and the foot-receiving chamber; and (d) a sole structure engaged with the upper. Alternatively, if desired, the side elements of the upper may be permanently joined to one another in the heel region, e.g., by adhesives, cements, bonding, or other fusing techniques, and at least the size adjustment mechanism then can be omitted.
The size adjustment mechanism, when present, may take on a variety of forms without departing from this invention. For example, in some structures, the size adjustment mechanism may engage a free end of the lateral side element and/or a free end of the medial side element, e.g., such as in the form of a cord or lace that extends between the free ends of the lateral and medial side elements. In other examples, the size adjustment mechanism may include: (a) a first engagement element provided at a free end of the lateral side element, (b) a second engagement element provided at a free end of the medial side element, and (c) an intermediate member that engages and/or extends between the first and second engagement elements. As yet another example, if desired, the free ends of the medial and lateral side elements may directly engage one another, optionally in a stretchable or somewhat stretchable manner (i. e., the “intermediate member” mentioned above may be omitted, in at least some example structures according to this invention).
The heel tongue element may be provided in the overall footwear structure in any desired manner without departing from this invention. For example, if desired, the heel tongue element may be removably engaged with at least one of the upper and/or the sole structure (e.g., via one or more snaps or other mechanical fastener elements; via grooves, ledges, and/or other retaining member structures; etc.). Alternatively, if desired, at least some portion of it may be mounted into the overall footwear structure in a permanent manner (e.g., lasted into the footwear structure, for example, between the upper and the sole structure, between the outsole and midsole structures, etc.). The heel tongue element may be structured and positioned in the overall footwear structure so as to at least partially modulate user feel of any heel-located size adjustment mechanism.
Articles of footwear in accordance with at least some examples of this invention may include additional or alternative structures or features. For example, if desired, the upper portion of the article of footwear may define a throat area (e.g., extending at least partially along the instep area) wherein a shoe securing mechanism is engaged with the upper at the throat area. Any desired type of shoe securing mechanism, including shoe securing mechanisms that are conventional and known in the art (such as a lace securing mechanisms, buckles, straps, elastic members, zippers, or the like), may be used without departing from this invention. Additionally, if desired, a tongue member may be engaged with the upper adjacent the foot-receiving chamber and along the throat area, to at least partially modulate user feel of the shoe securing mechanism. If desired, the throat area oriented tongue member may be removably engaged with the upper member and/or the sole structure (e.g., to allow it to be removed, washed, repositioned, replaced with another, etc.).
As still another example, articles of footwear in accordance with examples of this invention further may include a bootie member at least partially in the foot-receiving chamber of the article of footwear. The bootie member may be engaged with the heel tongue element (optionally in a releasable or removable manner), the upper member, the sole structure, or other portion of the article of footwear. The bootie member can enhance comfort; provide resistance to cold, wet, or damp conditions; etc.
Optionally, if desired, a major portion of the upper may be made from a single polymer matrix, e.g., as a unitary, one piece construction. This unitary, one piece construction may form any desired portion of the overall upper structure, including, for example, both the lateral side element and the medial side element. In other example structures, however, the lateral side element and the medial side element may be produced from separate and independent polymer matrix pieces. In yet other examples, the polymer matrix structure will extend at least over a major portion of a forefoot portion of the upper structure. In still other example structures, the polymer matrix will be provided in the rear or heel portions of the footwear structure. Any desired location and/or combination of locations for the polymer matrix material in the overall polymer and/or upper structure may be provided without departing from this invention.
Apertures defined by the polymer matrix may extend in a variety of different directions, if desired, without departing from this invention. In some footwear structures, the apertures defined by the polymer matrix will extend generally radially from the throat area (e.g., the front or mid-instep area) toward a toe or extreme front area of the upper. In other example footwear structures, however, at least some of the apertures defined by the polymer matrix forward of the throat area will be elongated and extend in a transverse direction across the shoe in a direction from a lateral side of the upper toward a medial side of the upper (i.e., the long direction of the elongated apertures will extend generally in the medial-to-lateral side direction).
Still additional example footwear structures in accordance with at least some examples of this invention may include: (a) an upper that defines, at least in part, a foot-receiving chamber for the article of footwear, and wherein a major portion of a first element of the upper includes a polymer matrix, wherein the first element extends at least along a forefoot portion and a midfoot portion of the upper; (b) a shoe securing mechanism engaged with the upper, wherein the shoe securing mechanism includes at least one strap for engaging a wearer's heel or ankle that extends from a first side of the upper to a second side of the upper; and (c) a sole structure engaged with the upper. The strap may include a first fastener component that engages with a second fastener component provided with at least one of the upper or the sole structure. Such footwear structures also may include one or a combination of the various features described above (e.g., a throat area, an instep tongue, etc.).
2. Methods of Constructing Articles of Footwear
Further aspects of this invention relate to methods of manufacturing articles of footwear, e.g., of the various types described above. Such methods may include, for example: (a) forming a polymer matrix structure that defines a plurality of apertures, wherein the polymer matrix structure includes a first free end and a second free end; (b) incorporating the polymer matrix structure into an upper such that the first free end extends along a heel region of the upper and the second free end extends along the heel region of the upper; (c) engaging the first free end and the second free end, optionally in a releasable and/or adjustable manner; and (d) securing a sole member to the upper. These steps may be performed in any desired order and/or at any desired timing. The polymer matrix may form any desired portion, portions, or proportions of the overall upper structure.
The free ends of the polymer matrix structure may be engaged in any desired manner and/or using any desired structures without departing from this invention, including, for example: via a cord or lace, e.g., passing through eyelets or openings or engaging other structures provided at the free ends; via an intermediate connecting member that extends between and engages the free ends; by directly engaging one another at their free ends; etc. As additional alternatives, if desired, the free ends can be permanently engaged with one another, e.g., by adhesives, cements, fusing techniques, etc., to thereby form a lap joint or other seam at the heel region.
The footwear construction methods described above further may include steps for incorporating one or more additional structures into the overall footwear member. Such additional steps may include, but are not limited to: engaging a heel tongue element with at least one of the upper or the sole structure (e.g., at the heel region adjacent the first free end and the second free end); engaging a bootie member, e.g., with at least one of the heel tongue element, the upper member, and/or the sole structure, etc.; engaging an instep tongue member with at least one of the upper member or the sole structure, etc.; etc. If desired, the heel tongue, the instep tongue, and/or the bootie member may be engaged with the remainder of the footwear structure in a removable and releasable manner, e.g., to allow removal, interchange, and/or washing of these elements.
Another example of methods of manufacturing articles of footwear in accordance with examples of this invention includes: (a) forming a first polymer matrix structure that defines a plurality of apertures, wherein the first polymer matrix structure includes a first free end; (b) forming a second polymer matrix structure that defines a plurality of apertures, wherein the second polymer matrix structure includes a second free end; (c) incorporating the first and second polymer matrix structures into an upper such that the first free end extends along a heel region of the upper and the second free end extends along the heel region of the upper; (d) engaging the first free end and the second free end to one another, optionally in a releasable and/or adjustable manner; and (e) securing a sole member to the upper. These steps may occur in any desired order and/or at any desired timing. These methods also may include one or more of the additional steps, structures, and/or variations described above.
Still additional aspects of this invention relate to methods of manufacturing articles of footwear that include: (a) forming a polymer matrix structure that defines a plurality of apertures, wherein the polymer matrix structure extends as a unitary structure to form a major portion of at least a forefoot portion, a midfoot portion, and a heel portion of the article of footwear; (b) incorporating the polymer matrix structure into an upper; (c) securing a sole member to the upper; and (d) engaging a heel tongue element with at least one of the upper or the sole member. Again, these steps may take place in any desired order and/or at any desired timing. These methods also may include one or more of the additional steps, structures, and/or variations described above.
Additional examples of methods for manufacturing articles of footwear in accordance with at least some examples of this invention include: (a) forming a polymer matrix structure that defines a plurality of apertures, wherein the polymer matrix structure extends as a unitary structure to form a major portion of at least a forefoot portion and a midfoot portion of the article of footwear; (b) incorporating the polymer matrix structure into an upper; (c) providing a strap that extends from a first side of the upper to a second side of the upper to thereby provide a heel or ankle engaging system; and (d) securing a sole member to the upper. Again, these methods also may include one or more of the additional steps, structures, and/or variations described above, and the various steps may take place in any desired order and/or at any desired timing.
II. Detailed Description of Example Structures and Methods According to the Invention
Specific examples of structures and methods according to the invention are described in more detail below. The reader should understand that these specific examples are set forth merely to illustrate examples of the invention, and they should not be construed as limiting the invention.
An article of footwear 10 is depicted in
Upper 20 is secured to sole structure 30 and defines a void or chamber for receiving a foot. For purposes of reference, upper 20 includes a lateral side 21, an opposite medial side 22, and a vamp or instep area 23. Lateral side 21 is positioned to extend along a lateral side of the foot (i. e., the outside) and generally passes through each of regions 11-13. Similarly, medial side 22 is positioned to extend along an opposite medial side of the foot (i.e., the inside) and generally passes through each of regions 11-13. Vamp area 23 is positioned between lateral side 21 and medial side 22 to correspond with an upper surface of the foot. Vamp area 23 includes a throat 24 having a lace 25 or other desired closure mechanism that is utilized in a conventional manner to modify the dimensions of upper 20 relative the foot, thereby adjusting the fit of footwear 10. Upper 20 also includes an ankle opening 26 that provides the foot with access to the void within upper 20.
Upper 20 also includes a heel element 48 and a toe element 49. Heel element 48 extends upward and along the interior surface of upper 20 to enhance the comfort of footwear 10. Toe element 49 is located in forefoot region 11 and on an exterior surface of upper 20 to provide wear-resistance, protect the wearer's toes, and assist with positioning of the foot. In some embodiments, one or both of heel element 48 and toe element 49 may be absent, or heel element 48 may be positioned on the exterior surface, for example. Additional examples and features of various heel elements (e.g., heel tongue elements) will be described in more detail below.
Sole structure 30 is secured to a lower surface of upper 20 and may have a generally conventional structure, e.g., that includes a midsole 31, an outsole 32, and a sockliner or insole member 33. Midsole 31 may be formed of polymer foam material, such as polyurethane, ethylvinylacetate, or other materials (such as phylon, phylite, etc.) that compress to attenuate ground or other contact surface reaction forces during walking, running, jumping, or other activities. In some example structures according to this invention, the polymer foam material may encapsulate or include various elements, such as a fluid-filled bladder or moderator, that enhance the comfort, motion-control qualities, stability, and/or ground or other contact surface reaction force attenuation properties of footwear 10. Outsole 32 is secured to a lower surface of midsole 31 and is formed of a wear-resistant material, such as rubber, that contacts the ground during ambulatory or other activities. The material forming outsole 32 may be manufactured of suitable materials and/or textured to impart enhanced traction and slip resistance. Sockliner 33 is a thin, compressible member that is located within the void in upper 20 and adjacent to a lower surface of the foot to enhance the comfort of footwear 10. Although the configuration of sole structure 30 discussed above is suitable for footwear 10, sole structure 30 may exhibit the configuration of any desired conventional or non-conventional sole structure without departing from this invention.
At least a portion of upper 20 includes a matrix layer 40 formed from a plurality of segments 41 that cross at various intersections 42. This configuration of segments 41 imparts the structure of a matrix and defines a plurality of apertures 43 in matrix layer 40. As utilized herein, the term “matrix” is intended to encompass a variety of configurations, including nets, grids, lattices, webs, and perforated materials, for example, that form apertures. Matrix layer 40 may be formed of unitary (i.e., one-piece) construction from polymer materials that include rubber, silicone, thermoplastic polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, ethylvinylacetate, and styrene ethylbutylene styrene, for example. Although the hardness of the polymer material may vary significantly within the scope of various aspects of the invention, a polymer having a hardness of 98 or less on the Shore A scale enhances the comfort and flexibility of matrix layer 40, while continuing to provide support for the foot. In manufacturing matrix layer 40, the polymer material may be molded through an injection molding process, as described below, to impart the unitary construction. As an alternative, however, individual elements corresponding to segments 41 may be joined at intersections 42 to form a structure having the characteristics of matrix layer 40. For example, individual segments 41 may be bonded or adhered to each other so as to form matrix layer 40. As another example, if desired, matrix layer 40 may be laser cut or die cut to define segments 41, intersections 42, and apertures 43.
Matrix layer 40 provides a comfortable and compliant structure that extends adjacent to the foot. As described in greater detail below, matrix layer 40 stretches to accommodate foot movements and differences in foot dimensions. That is, the stretchability of matrix layer 40 ensures that footwear 10 may accommodate feet with a variety of proportions. Matrix layer 40 also provides a lightweight structure in upper 20, and apertures 43 impart a relatively high degree of air permeability to footwear 10. In some example matrix layer structures, the overall area of the upper defined by the matrix layer 40 will have a greater portion corresponding to the apertures 43 than the portion corresponding to the segments 41 and their intersections 42 (i.e., at least 50% of the surface area defined by the matrix layer upper (and even at least 60%, at least 75%, or at least 80% of the area) will have open space corresponding to the apertures 43). These advantages will be more apparent based upon the information presented in the following discussion.
Matrix layer 40 is depicted individually in
When matrix layer 40 is incorporated into footwear 10, edge 44a is positioned adjacent sole structure 30 and may be joined with sole structure 30. The portion of edge 44b that is positioned adjacent to the central area defines throat 24, and the portion of edge 44b that is positioned adjacent edges 44c and 44d defines ankle opening 26. Edges 44c and 44d are joined to each other in heel region 13 and extend generally vertically between sole structure 30 and ankle opening 26. As noted above, terminal ends of the various segments 41 define edges 44a-44d. Along each of edges 44b-44d, at least some of the terminal ends of segments 41 form a plurality of loops 45, e.g., with a circular shape, elliptical shape, or any other practical or desired shape. As depicted in
Segments 41 intersect or otherwise cross each other at intersections 42. The orientations and overall positions of segments 41 have an effect upon the shape of apertures 43. As depicted in each of
The orientation of segments 41 and the resulting shape of apertures 43 have an effect upon the directional extensibility (i.e., stretchability) of matrix layer 40. As discussed above, many apertures 43 have an elongate and quadrilateral-shaped configuration, and many apertures 43 are longer in the direction generally perpendicular to edges 44a and 44b than in the direction generally parallel to edges 44a and 44b. In this configuration, matrix layer 40 generally has greater extensibility in the direction generally parallel to edges 44a and 44b, and matrix layer 40 generally has lesser extensibility in the direction generally perpendicular to edges 44a and 44b. Accordingly, the degree to which matrix layer 40 stretches depends upon the direction in which matrix layer 40 is stretched.
The directional differences in extensibility in this example matrix layer structure 40 are due, in part, to relative angles that form the elongate and quadrilateral-shaped configuration of apertures 43. With reference to
Whereas angles 46a and 46b in this illustrated example structure 40 generally are acute angles, angles 46c and 46d are obtuse angles, at least when matrix layer 40 is in an unstretched, uncompressed, or otherwise undeformed state. In terms of radians, each of angles 46a and 46b have a value of less than 0.50π radians, and each of angles 46c and 46d have a value of greater than 0.50π radians. As a more specific example, in at least some example structures 40, angles 46a and 46b may have a radian measurement of 0.25π radians or less (i.e., 45 degrees), but these angles may range from 0.01π to 0.49π radians, for example. Correspondingly, angles 46c and 46d may have a radian measurement of 0.75π radians or more (i.e., 135 degrees), but these angles may range from 0.51π to 0.99π radians, for example. When matrix layer 40 is stretched, the relative radian measurement of each of angles 46a-46d may change somewhat, e.g., based upon the direction in which matrix layer 40 is stretched.
When matrix layer 40 is stretched in the direction that is generally perpendicular to edges 44a and 44b, the radian measurement of angles 46a and 46b decreases and the radian measurement of angles 46c and 46d increases. More particularly, the radian measurement of angles 46a and 46b will change toward and approach zero upon the application of a tensile force in the direction that is generally perpendicular to edges 44a and 44b. If further tensile force is applied, segments 41 will stretch in length to resist the tensile force. Given that angles 46a and 46b are acute angles, the radian measurement of angles 46a and 46b need only change to a relatively small degree in order to reduce the radian measurement to zero or near zero.
Conversely, when matrix layer 40 is stretched in the direction that is generally parallel to edges 44a and 44b, the radian measurement of angles 46c and 46d decreases and the radian measurement of angles 46a and 46b increases. More particularly, the radian measurement of angles 46c and 46d will change toward and approach zero upon the application of sufficient tensile force in the direction that is generally parallel to edges 44a and 44b. If further tensile force is applied, segments 41 will stretch in length to resist the tensile force. Given that angles 46c and 46d are obtuse angles, the radian measurement of angles 46a and 46b must change a relatively large degree in order to reduce the radian measurement to zero or near zero.
As described above, changes in the radian measurements of angles 46a-46d occur upon the application of tensile forces. Differences in the radian measurements of angles 46a and 46b and the radian measurements of angles 46c and 46d have an effect upon the extensibility of matrix layer 40 in specific directions. That is, the acute nature of angles 46a and 46b permits a relatively small degree of extensibility in the direction that is generally perpendicular to edges 44a and 44b. The obtuse nature of angles 46c and 46d, however, permit a relatively large degree of extensibility in the direction that is generally parallel to edges 44a and 44b. Accordingly, matrix layer 40 is configured to have greater extensibility in the direction that is parallel to edges 44a and 44b.
When incorporated into footwear 10, the differences in directional extensibility have an effect upon the overall fit and adjustability of footwear 10. The tightening of lace 25 effectively induces a tensile force in the direction that is generally perpendicular to edges 44a and 44b, at least in the area of throat 24. Given the relatively low degree of stretch in this direction, the wearer is capable of tightening upper 20 to a degree that comfortably, but securely, holds the foot positioned with respect to sole structure 30. In areas that are adjacent to throat 24, matrix layer 40 still has the capacity, however, to stretch in the direction that is generally parallel to edges 44a and 44b. During ambulatory activities, therefore, matrix layer 40 will stretch in the direction that is generally parallel to edges 44a and 44b in order to accommodate flexing or other movements of the foot.
Matrix layer 40 also provides comfort in forefoot region 11. Note that in forefoot region 11, the direction that is generally perpendicular to edges 44a and 44b extends in a longitudinal direction of footwear 10. Matrix layer 40 stretches, therefore, a relatively small degree in the longitudinal direction in forefoot region 11. In the direction that is generally parallel to edges 44a and 44b in forefoot region 11, matrix layer 40 stretches to a larger degree. Accordingly, matrix layer 40 stretches to accommodate movements or changes in the dimensions of the forefoot, which includes the toes and ball of the foot. When, for example, the foot rolls forward such that the heel leaves the ground and the metacarpo-phalangeal joints are flexed, the foot may expand slightly in the medial to lateral direction at the metacarpo-phalangeal joints. Given that matrix layer 40 stretches in the medial to lateral direction, these movements of the foot are unrestricted, which provides a comfortable feel for the wearer.
The degree to which matrix layer 40 stretches upon the application of a tensile force is at least partially dependent upon the shape of apertures 43, as discussed above. Other factors, including the materials that form matrix layer 40, the thickness of segments 41, the size of the apertures 43, etc., also will have an effect upon the degree to which matrix layer 40 stretches. For many of the polymer materials listed above, a suitable ratio of the area of apertures 43 to the area of segments 41 may be at least 1.5:1, and in some examples, at least 2:1, 3:1, or even higher.
As discussed above, several of the apertures 43 of this example matrix layer structure 40 have an elongate and generally quadrilateral-shaped configuration, and these apertures 43 generally are arranged longer in the direction that is generally perpendicular to edges 44a and 44b than in the direction that is generally parallel to edges 44a and 44b. In some articles of footwear, however, forming apertures 43 with other configurations may be beneficial. With reference to
Matrix layer 40 is depicted in
The thicknesses of the various segments 41 of the matrix layer 40 may be substantially constant throughout the upper structure 20. In some embodiments, however, the thicknesses of segments 41 may taper or otherwise change between edges 44a and 44b, e.g., such that segments 41 have greater thickness adjacent edge 44a and a lesser thickness adjacent edge 44b. The thicknesses may also vary such that segments 41 in heel region 13 are thinner or thicker than segments 41 in regions 11 and 12, for example. Other thickness distributions are possible without departing from the invention. The cross-sectional shape of segments 41 may also vary, e.g., to include circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, triangular, flat, or other shapes, for example. If formed from an elliptical or rectangular shape, the cross-section may have a greater length and/or width than thickness, and the longer or wider surfaces may be arranged so as to lie adjacent the foot.
One example of the manner in which footwear 10 in accordance with examples of this invention may be manufactured now will be discussed with reference to
Upon removal of matrix layer 40 from mold 50, one or more layers of a lasting element 28 (or other batting material) may be secured adjacent to at least edge 44a, as depicted in
Once lasting element 28 is secured to or otherwise provided along edge 44a, cord 27 may be incorporated into matrix layer 40 in this illustrated example structure, as depicted in
A further step in this example process for manufacturing footwear 10 is depicted in
In conventional articles of footwear, the upper is formed to accommodate footwear having a specific size. For example, an upper that is formed for a size 10 is larger than an upper that is formed for a size 9.5. One advantage to utilizing matrix layer 40 is that one size of matrix layer 40 may be used in a range of footwear sizes. For example, a single mold may be utilized to form five substantially identical matrix layers 40, and the matrix layers 40 made from this single mold may be incorporated into individual articles of footwear that are sized from 8 to 10. As discussed above, matrix layer 40 is configured to have greater extensibility in the direction that is generally parallel to edges 44a and 44b. By stretching matrix layer 40 as it is incorporated into an upper, matrix layer 40 may be incorporated into footwear having successively larger sizes. In some circumstances, compressing matrix layer 40 may be utilized to incorporate matrix layer 40 into successively smaller articles of footwear. That is, an individual matrix layer 40 may be incorporated into articles of footwear sized to accommodate a range of foot sizes, as depicted in
The ability to utilize an individual matrix layer 40 in a variety of footwear sizes enhances the manufacturing efficiency of footwear 10. An individual matrix layer 40 also may be utilized to form footwear 10 to accommodate either the right foot or left foot. As depicted in
As discussed above, matrix layer 40 is configured to have greater extensibility in the direction that is generally parallel to edges 44a and 44b than in the direction that is generally perpendicular to edges 44a and 44b. In some circumstances, a lesser extensibility in the direction that is generally parallel to edges 44a and 44b may be desired. One manner of changing the extensibility in the direction that is generally parallel to edges 44a and 44b involves modifying the radian measurements of angles 46a-46d. This has an effect, however, of also changing the extensibility in the direction that is generally perpendicular to edges 44a and 44b. One way of changing the extensibility in the direction that is generally parallel to edges 44a and 44b without substantially changing the extensibility in the direction that is generally perpendicular to edges 44a and 44b includes providing one or more connecting members 47, e.g., as depicted in
Footwear 10 is discussed above as incorporating a single matrix layer 40. With reference to
Footwear 10 is depicted in
As discussed above for matrix layer 40, cord 27 extends though loops 45 and apertures are formed between various segments 41 and cord 27 in at least throat area 24. Lace 25 may then be threaded through these apertures. A similar configuration may be utilized for extension matrix 40′. As an alternative, and as depicted in
An additional example feature of the footwear structure 10 in
As discussed above, the width and/or thicknesses of segments 41 have an effect upon the degree to which matrix layer 40 stretches. In order to increase the lateral stability of footwear 10, the width and/or thicknesses of segments 41 may be selectively increased, e.g., as depicted in
When used for sports such as basketball, additional stability for the heel and/or other areas of the foot may be beneficial, e.g., during lateral movements. Increasing the width and/or thickness of segments 41 is one manner in which additional stability may be provided. Alternatively or in combination, a reinforcing structure 60 may be incorporated into upper 20, e.g., as depicted in
Various concepts discussed above in relation to
Two or more cords 27 may be utilized in the footwear structure 10 as an alternative to using a single cord 27. With reference to
Footwear 10 may be worn such that matrix layer 40 is immediately adjacent the foot or a sock that extends around the foot. In some embodiments, however, a liner 70, e.g., as depicted in
In order to prevent significant movement between upper 20 and liner 70, a lower surface of liner 70 may incorporate a fastener 73 and the interior of upper 20 may incorporate a corresponding fastener. If, for example, fastener 73 is a hook portion of a hook and loop fastening system, the loop portion may be positioned within upper 20. Fastener 73 may also be a non-slip material, such as neoprene, that is located on a lower surface of liner 70 and a lower surface of the void within upper 20. When liner 70 is placed within upper 20, fastener 73 will effectively limit further movement of liner 70 relative to upper 20, thereby securely positioning the foot. Other types of securing systems may also be utilized in place of the hook-and-loop fastening system of fastener 73, including, for example, snaps, buttons, adhesives, complementary retaining structures (such as slots, grooves, ridges, etc.), etc. In addition, the location of fastener 73 may vary to include locations other than the lower surface of liner 70, including sides and the back surface. Accordingly, the type of fastener and location may vary significantly.
Liner 70 generally enhances the comfort of footwear 10. During some movements, portions of matrix layer 40 may contact and exert pressure upon the foot, and liner 70 serves to modulate the pressure and distribute it over a greater area of the foot. Foam materials may be incorporated into liner 70 in order to further enhance the comfort, and the materials of liner 70 also may be air permeable to cool the foot and allow for the dissipation of perspiration. The materials forming liner 70 also may be waterproof or water resistant. Alternatively, if desired, rather than providing an entire liner 70, an inner surface of matrix layer 40 may be provided with (e.g., lined with) a textile, foam, or other comfort-enhancing material.
When cord 27 extends through loops 45, loops 45 may twist or otherwise rotate to accommodate cord 27. Although the material forming matrix layer 40 may be sufficiently strong and flexible to accommodate this rotation, the rotation induces additional stresses into the material of matrix layer 40. With reference to
Of course, wide variations in the structures, parts, and combinations of parts may be present in articles of footwear in accordance with examples of this invention. Various additional examples of such variations are described below in conjunction with
As one additional example, many variations in the matrix layer structure are possible without departing from this invention.
In addition to the aesthetic and cosmetic differences from the radial arrangement illustrated in conjunction with
Other potential variations on the structures, parts, and combinations of parts that may be present in articles of footwear in accordance with examples of this invention involve structures and methods for securing the upper together in the rear heel region of the footwear structure (in such structures where securing is needed in these areas). The example structures shown in
Additional and/or alternative ways of securing the matrix layer in this rear heel region (if necessary) may be used without departing from this invention.
To enable better fits for different individuals or for use under different conditions, different sized securing elements 227″ may be provided.
The end elements 232a and apertures 245 may be sized and shaped in any desired manner, and these elements may fit together in any desired manner without departing from this invention. As one example, if desired, the end elements 232a may fit into apertures 245 in a manner akin to the manner that buttons fit into buttonholes (in fact, if desired, end elements 232a may include button-type elements). As another example, if desired, the end elements 232a may be formed from a flexible material that fits into a relatively stiff and unstretchable material making up the apertures 245 (e.g., a relatively stiff material making up at least the side edges 244c and 244d of the matrix layer 245). As another example, if desired, the end elements 232a may be formed from a relatively stiff material and the apertures 245 may be made from a relatively flexible and/or stretchable material. As yet another example, if desired, both the end elements 232a and the apertures 245 may be made from somewhat flexible materials (the same or different) such that they may be engaged together and disengaged from one another when desired, but they still maintain a reliable connection or engagement in use.
While a single securing element 227″ is shown in
Another rear heel securing system and arrangement 300 is shown in
As evident from a comparison of end elements 232a and 332a and side edges 244c, 244d, 344c, and 344d in
Of course, other heel securing systems and arrangements are possible without departing from this invention. For example, if desired, either or both of the side edges (e.g., 244c, 244d, 344c, and 344d) may include a combination of apertures (e.g., 245, 345) and/or enlarged end elements (e.g., 232a, 332a) and the securing element (e.g., 227″, 327″) may include complementary and corresponding enlarged end elements and apertures. As another example, if desired, one side edge (e.g., 344c) may include only apertures (e.g., 345) and the other side edge (e.g., 344d) may include only enlarged end elements (e.g., 332a), while then the securing element (e.g., 327″) may include an appropriate complementary combination of enlarged end elements and apertures. Other types of fastener arrangements may be used, such as snaps, tumbuckles, retaining member structures, hook-and-loop fasteners, other mechanical coupling and/or securing systems, etc. As still another example, if desired, the intermediate securing element 227″ or 327″ may be omitted and one side edge (e.g., 244c, 344c) of the matrix layer (e.g., 240, 340) may directly connect to the other side edge (e.g., 244d, 344d), for example, using enlarged end elements (e.g., 232a, 332a) and aperture structures (e.g., 245, 345) of the types described above (e.g., by providing such complementary engaging structures directly on the side edges of the matrix layer) and/or other fastener arrangements.
The heel securing systems and arrangements, when present in a footwear structure, need not be provided directly in the rearmost heel portion of the footwear structure. Rather, if desired, this securing system may be offset somewhat, e.g., to the lateral or medial side of the footwear structure without departing from this invention. As yet another example, if desired, the heel securing system and arrangement may be omitted, e.g., if the matrix is structured continuous in the overall heel portion (although such constructions may add complications or complexities in molding or other fabrication steps involved in forming the matrix material and/or a footwear structure including the matrix). As yet another example, as illustrated in more detail in conjunction with
The heel tongue element 502 may be made from any desired materials without departing from this invention. As some more specific examples, if desired, the interior surface (e.g., that facing the footwear interior chamber and/or contacting the wearer's foot) may be made from cloth or textile materials, polymeric materials (such as polyurethane or other foam materials), and the like. Additionally or alternatively, if desired, at least some portions of the heel tongue element 502 may be made from a relatively stiff material (e.g., a polymeric material, such as PEBAX® (a polyether-block co-polyamide polymer available from Atofina Corporation of Puteaux, France)), e.g., to provide additional support in the heel area and/or to provide shape to the matrix layer 506 and/or the overall footwear structure 500 (e.g., akin to a heel counter element, etc.). Optionally, in such circumstances, the relatively stiff, support material may be covered by a cloth, textile, foam, or other feel-modulating material to provide an overall heel tongue element 502 that is comfortable for the wearer and still provides the desired heel and/or footwear structural support. As yet another option, if desired, separate heel counter and heel tongue elements may be provided without departing from this invention.
The heel tongue element 502 may be engaged with the remainder of the footwear structure 500 in any desired manner without departing from this invention. For example, the heel tongue element 502 may be engaged with the upper member 506 and/or the sole structure 508 (e.g., at least some portion of a midsole and/or an outsole structure), for example, by stitching or sewing; by adhesives or cements; by mechanical connectors or fasteners, such as snaps, retaining element structures (e.g., interacting grooves, ledges, openings, retaining members, etc.), hook-and-loop type fasteners, magnetic fasteners, etc.; by lasting a portion of it between the upper member and the sole structure or between portions of the sole structure; etc. The heel tongue element 502 (or at least some portion(s) thereof) may be permanently mounted in an overall footwear structure 500, or it may be removably or releasably mounted (e.g., to enable cleaning, washing, replacement, etc.). In one more specific example, as illustrated in
The heel tongue element 502 may provide other features without departing from this invention. For example, the heel tongue element 502 may function as a mounting base or securing structure for other elements.
The bootie element 510 (or at least some portion(s) thereof) may be permanently mounted in the overall footwear structure 500 (including permanently mounted to or formed with the heel tongue element 502), or it may be removably or releasably mounted therewith (e.g., to enable cleaning, washing, replacement, etc.). In one more specific example, a rear heel portion of the bootie element 510 will include one or more male snap members 512 that engage with corresponding female snap element(s) 514 provided on the heel tongue element 502. Of course, hook-and-loop fasteners, magnetic fasteners, or other fastener or connector arrangements may be used in place of snap fasteners, if desired, without departing from this invention. Also, if desired, the bootie element 510 may be structured such that a separate heel tongue element 502 is not needed in the footwear structure 500 (and, optionally, the bootie element 510 may engage the upper member 506 or the sole structure).
The bootie element 510 may be made from any desired material or combination of materials without departing from this invention. In some example footwear structures 500, the bootie element 510 will be formed from conventional fabric and/or foam materials 516 known and used in the art (such as knit fabrics, cotton fabrics, synthetic fabrics, polyurethane foams, etc.). In accordance with at least some examples, the bootie element 510 may have an intermediate layer of soft flexible fabric or foam material with one or more outer layers of batting or other at least somewhat water impermeable material. In at least some examples, the bootie material will be breathable, to allow moisture, air, and/or heat to escape from the bootie interior.
As yet another example, if desired, the heel tongue element 502 may connect to at least some part of the heel securing system (e.g., to the securing element 227″ and/or 327″ described above in conjunction with
As another example, if desired, at least some portion(s) of the bottom surface of the bootie element 510 and/or at least some portion(s) of the footbed of the article of footwear 500 (e.g., an insole or midsole structure) may include surfaces that inhibit or do not allow skidding between the bootie element 510 and the interior footbed of the article of footwear 500. As yet another alternative, if desired, fasteners, non-skid surfaces, and/or other securing elements may be provided in the interior chamber of the article of footwear (e.g., as part of the footbed, the sole structure, the upper member, etc.) that will help prevent movement of the interior bootie element 510 with respect to the interior of the footwear structure 500.
Another comfort-enhancing element or feature that may be included in at least some footwear structures according to examples of this invention is a tongue element 600, an example of which is illustrated in
The tongue element 600 may be engaged with the remainder of a footwear structure in any desired manner (permanently mounted or removably mounted), including manners conventionally known or used in the art, such as by stitching or sewing; by adhesives or cements; by mechanical connectors or fasteners, such as snaps, retaining element structures (e.g., interacting grooves, ledges, openings, retaining members, etc.), hook-and-loop type fasteners, magnetic fasteners, etc.; etc. If desired, a batting material (like material 28 of
By removably mounting various elements in an overall footwear structure, a very versatile footwear system may be provided. As described above, in accordance with at least some examples of this invention, a footwear structure may include an upper member comprised primarily of a matrix layer (e.g., layers 40, 140, 240, etc.). Optionally, one or more of a heel tongue element (e.g., element 502), an instep tongue element (e.g., element 600), and/or a bootie element (e.g., element 510) may be removably engaged with and provided as part of the footwear structure. These arrangements give users much flexibility in determining a specific configuration for any desired use. For example, by using a heel tongue element 502 and an instep tongue element 600, a very comfortable and very lightweight footwear product can be provided that a wearer can comfortably wear barefoot, if desired (i.e., without socks), even when performing various athletic or other ambulatory activities. The lightweight bootie element 510 may be added, e.g., for colder conditions, to change the aesthetic appearance, etc.), while still providing a very light and comfortable overall footwear structure. Also, these removable parts are interchangeable for other similar parts, e.g., to allow cleaning, to change aesthetic appearance, to replace worn parts, to change support or other functions, etc. As yet another example, if desired, all of these removable parts may be removed, and the footwear structure may be very suitable for use in wet conditions, e.g., as shower shoes; as beach shoes; as boating, canoeing, kayaking, or rowing shoes (or for other water sports); etc.
The specific examples described above and illustrated in
Of course, the various matrix layers and/or intermediate footwear upper member structures may make up any desired relative portions of the overall footwear upper structure without departing from this invention. Also, the matrix layers and/or intermediate footwear upper member structures may be located at any desired positions along the overall upper member structure without departing from this invention. Also, any number of independent matrix layers parts and/or intermediate footwear upper member structures may be provided in a given footwear structure without departing from this invention. As more specific examples, if desired, in the structure 700 illustrated in
In this illustrated example structure 800, a strap member 806 is provided to help secure the article of footwear 800 on a wearer's foot. This illustrated strap member 806 includes a fastener element 808 that engages with a corresponding and/or complementary fastener element 810 provided on another part of the footwear structure 800 (e.g., on the matrix layer 802, on an intermediate footwear upper member structure 812, on another portion of the upper member structure, on the sole member 814, etc.). Any desired fastening system and/or number of fasteners or straps may be provided without departing from this invention, including, for example, snap fasteners, hook-and-loop type fasteners, buckle type fasteners, retaining member/groove type fasteners, adhesive type fasteners, hook type fasteners, lace type fasteners, etc. As yet another example, if desired, the fastener(s) 808 and 810 may be eliminated and the strap 806 may permanently extend around the rear portion of the article of footwear, e.g., if at least some portion of the strap 808, matrix layer 802, and/or the intermediate footwear upper member structure 812 is at least somewhat elastic or stretchable, e.g., to allow the wearer's foot to be inserted and/or removed. Of course, other structural arrangements for the securing mechanism(s), the upper member structure 802, and/or other portions of the overall footwear structure are possible without departing from this invention. Such structures may be particularly useful as shower shoes, as beachwear, for water sports, as boat shoes (or for use in canoeing, kayaking, rowing, and/or other wet conditions), and the like.
An additional example footwear structure 900 according to this invention is illustrated in
The structure 900 of
Another feature illustrated in the example structure 900 of
Also, in the example structure 900 shown in
This widened upper member edge portion (or discrete portions thereof) may be provided in or with the upper member structure 902 in any desired manner without departing from this invention. For example, it may be molded into the overall upper member structure as an integral and one-piece construction, e.g., during the molding operations described above in conjunction with
The structure 900 of
Of course, a wide variety of specific footwear structures may take advantage of one or more of the above-described various features of
III. Conclusion
The invention is disclosed above and in the accompanying drawings with reference to a variety of embodiments. The purpose served by the disclosure, however, is to provide an example of the various features and concepts related to aspects of the invention, not to limit the scope of aspects of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that numerous variations and modifications may be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims.
This U.S. Patent Application is a continuation-in-part application of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/340,409, which was filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Jan. 26, 2006 and entitled “Article of Footwear Having An Upper With A Matrix Layer,” this prior U.S. Patent Application being entirely incorporated herein by reference. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/340,409, in turn, claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/692,336, which was filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Jun. 20, 2005 and entitled “Article of Footwear Having An Upper With A Matrix Layer,” this prior U.S. Provisional Patent Application being entirely incorporated herein by reference. This present application further claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/692,336.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20070180730 A1 | Aug 2007 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60692336 | Jun 2005 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11340409 | Jan 2006 | US |
| Child | 11613525 | US |
