Patent Application
20130186922
The present invention relates to an articulated mannequin constituted by various assembling mechanisms that maintain its members assembled; wherein said assembly mechanisms are, at least: magnetic attachment, magnetic attachment and locking, adjustable attaching and locking, adjustable attachment and torsion, attaching and free movement, attachment and automated movements, composite discs, dual kneecap and compression kneecap mechanisms, which are characterized in that said mechanisms are inserted between the limbs of the articulated mannequin.
The above referred assembly mechanism provides the articulated mannequin with full mobility and versatility, allowing it to allowing it to adopt any human posture and allowing it to be installed almost anywhere, easing the dressing and undressing operations thereof; wherein said assembly mechanisms allow: that the articulated mannequin can stay in any assigned static position, that its members can automatically return to an assigned position, after they have been moved; that it can be assembled around a sheet that divides it; that it can perform automated movements and that it can make movements with no resistance when interacting with moving objects.
It should be mentioned that the members constituting the articulated mannequin can be hollow or solid, as well as rigid or flexible; wherein said assembly mechanisms can be installed and work properly with any of the aforementioned limb embodiments.
The object of the present invention is to provide an articulated mannequin having the features mentioned above, and also with other features which will be discussed throughout the present specification.
The mannequins or forms of human bodies are well known in the art since several years ago, which are used mainly to display clothing and/or accessories; they often comprise complete human bodies or only parts of the human body only, such as: half body, from the waist to the head or from the waist to the feet. The mannequins of human bodies are commonly shown with or without head, without articulated limbs and with assembly mechanisms that only fulfill the function of keeping its members together, so that it is necessary to disassemble at least one of its members to dress and undress the mannequins, such as: the arms or legs, complicating the task when reassembling those members, which is a waste of time, besides running the risk of an incorrect assembly that may cause breaking and/or malfunction of such assembly mechanisms.
It is worth mentioning that today there are mannequins of human bodies having articulated limbs, which are assembled together by means of mechanisms that are generally locking mechanisms; wherein said mannequins are described in the following patents just to name some: (U.S. Pat. No. 105,718); (U.S. Pat. No. 296,321); (U.S. Pat. No. 6,409,516); (ES Pat. No. 2,245,575); (U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,086); (U.S. Pat. No. 6,203,396); (U.S. Pat. No. 89,739); (U.S. Pat. No. 5,630,745); (U.S. Pat. No. 4,619,540); (U.S. Pat. No. 6,257,467).
One of the disadvantages of the articulated mannequins mentioned above, is that their locking mechanisms are not firmly inserted between the material of its members, which are usually superimposed, assembled or bolted into the members, so that over of time and use, these locking mechanisms tend to loosen, causing a malfunction.
Other disadvantage of the above mentioned articulated mannequins, is that their locking mechanisms only have the function of keeping its members assembled with little locking force, which causes that with only its own weight or with some vibration, said members move from their assigned position.
Another disadvantages of the articulated mannequins aforementioned, are that: their assembly mechanisms cannot achieve that: its members automatically return to an assigned position after they have been moved; that they can be assembled around a dividing sheet; that they can perform automated movements; that they can make movements without resistance by interacting with other moving objects, or that their assembly mechanisms may have an embodiment in which they can be disassembled in order to give them maintenance, replace them or replace them with other assembly mechanism.
Another disadvantage with most of the aforementioned articulated mannequins, is that the anatomical shape of the junction points where their locking mechanisms are located, don't have a realistic human appearance, since to ensure that those members can move, the joints are designed with very rough shapes and unsightly, looking as if they were deformed.
Another disadvantage with the aforementioned articulated mannequins, is that in sections where their locking mechanisms are located, are commonly observed screws, nuts and/or parts of any component of the locking mechanism which joins the members, providing them with an unrealistic appearance, with many piercings and/or external cavities, which are not very pleasing to the eye.
In some inventions of articulated mannequins, they can only be adjusted the position of certain members of his body, wherein it is only possible to adjust the position of the head, arms, forearms, legs or calves; taking very limited and unrealistic postures, so that they do not give to the viewers the feeling that these articulated mannequins adopt natural postures, as would a human being.
It is worth mentioning that flexible mannequins of human bodies can adopt various positions, with the disadvantage that its cover normally comprises one piece, so that when the members are flexed, there are formed folds on the cover, which causes the flexible mannequin to look unrealistic and these folds tear the cover over time, causing the flexible mannequin to look deformed, anatomically disproportionate and unpleasant to the view. Another disadvantage is that usually, the external appearance of said flexible mannequins lacks details of both features of the face, and of the defined lines of the human body, since they have a spongy and unnatural appearance.
For this reason it is necessary an articulate mannequin that: can adopt any realistic human pose, that has joints throughout the body, that it can be dressed and undressed without dismounting any of its members, that the sections where the assembly mechanisms are located, have an anatomically realistic look, with no appearing internal components from the outside, such as screws or nuts, that its assembly mechanisms are firmly inserted between the material of its members, that the pressure and force of their assembly mechanisms can be adjusted; that their assembly mechanisms allow its members to return automatically to an assigned position, after they have been moved; that its members can be assembled around a dividing sheet; that its members can perform automated movements; that its members can perform moves without resistance, when interacting with moving objects; that its members can be hollow or solid, as well as rigid or flexible; that no folds or deformations can be formed on its cover; furthermore, that their assembly mechanisms have an embodiment in which they can be disassembled in order to provide maintenance to them, replace them or substitute them with other assembly mechanisms.
Thus it is achieved more ways of use where the current articulated mannequin is placed, as it has multiple options of assembly mechanisms, said articulated mannequin can be adapted and positioned as required.
The present invention is related to various assembly mechanisms that can be installed in the actual articulated mannequin, wherein said invention is mainly related with a human appearance, capable of optimizing the use efficiency.
The characteristic details and methods for installing, assembling, adjusting and manipulating the various members and assembly mechanisms of the present articulated mannequin, are explained in the following description and are shown in the accompanying figures, which are mentioned by way of example and not to be considered as limiting the present invention.
The assembly mechanisms embedded in the various members of the articulated mannequin, are characteristics that result in greater benefits in their applications, thus facilitating the dressing and undressing manipulations of the articulated mannequin as well as ease of handling, based on the simplicity with which said articulated mannequin can be adjusted to adopt various postures; besides its ease to be transported from one place to another, because the materials making up, make it very light. Other advantages related to the articulated mannequin of the present invention, will be explained along the following description and are shown in the accompanying figures.
The object of the present invention is to provide an articulated mannequin with the above characteristics and others that will be discussed throughout the present specification, where one of its main advantages and utilities, are that it works as an articulated mannequin that provides a high visual impact and exhibits great versatility for apparel, footwear and/or accessories, as well as allowing effectively show: the benefits, features, benefits, dimensions and requirements of the products and/or services that are promoted, such as: the ergonomic furniture, the interior of a vehicle, the recommended use of certain products, etc., as well as strengthen the promotion of events, encouraging scenarios, creating environments, build scenery both ground and air, etc.
The object of the present invention is to provide an articulated mannequin with the above characteristics and others that will be discussed throughout the present specification, where one of its main advantages and utilities, are that it works as an articulated mannequin that provides a high visual impact and exhibits great versatility for exhibit footwear and/or accessories, as well as allowing to effectively show: the advantages, features, benefits, dimensions and requirements of the products and/or services that are promoted, such as: the ergonomy of furniture, the interior of a vehicle, the recommended use of certain products, etc., as well as strengthen the promotion of events, animating scenarios, creating environments, build scenery both ground and aerial, etc.
Another advantage of the articulated mannequin of the present invention, is that it is not necessary to disassemble and assemble its arms and/or legs to dress and undress it, as this represents a problem for conventional mannequins, because these members often deteriorate each time these activities are carried out, often causing the mannequin to be unusable and having to be replaced by another.
The members making up the articulated mannequin may be rigid or flexible, as well as hollow or solid, wherein is preferable that they are rigid and hollow, flexible or solids, to ensure that its weight is light, wherein the material can be plastic, fiberglass, resin, polyurethane, cardboard or any other combination of materials, compounds and/or substances which, when mixed, can maintain the shape of the interior of molds that will form the members of the articulated mannequin. It is preferable that the material be plastic, so that its weight is very light and resistant to shocks and/or falls, thereby preventing breaking, and also so it can be easily and safely manipulated.
For clarity with respect to the arrows of the referred symbols in the figures accompanying the present invention, it is explained:
The arrow refers to an assembly mechanism.
The arrow → refers to a member or a component pertaining to an assembly mechanism
The arrow refers to a joining point or a part of a member or component
The arrow refers to a hidden member or to an internal or hidden part of a member or component.
Below is Table 1, which aims to facilitate interpretation of the references therein, with respect to the accompanying figures:
In the following description, reference is made to the attached figures, which show and describe the specific details of the present invention, wherein said figures include references to provide a complete understanding of the articulated mannequin of the present invention and its various assembly mechanisms. It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without specific details. In order to avoid saturating the present invention, the well-known techniques are not demonstrated nor discussed in detail.
It should be mentioned that in order to exemplify the way of carrying out the present invention, it was used the anatomical shape of the human body, so that said shape may be of any other entity, such as the body of an animal, a strange being or an object.
With reference to
The aforementioned members are kept assembled together by means of assembly mechanisms, which are located at joining points (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 81, 82 and 90) located between: the head (2) and the torso (3); the torso (3) and the two upper hemispherical connecting pieces (1); the upper hemispherical connecting pieces (1) and the biceps (5a); the biceps (5a) and elbows (5b); the elbows (5b) and the forearms (6a); the forearms (6a) and the hands (6b); the torso (3) and the hip (4); the hip (4) and the lower hemispherical connecting pieces (1); the lower hemispherical connecting pieces (1) and the upper thighs (7a); the upper thighs (7a) and lower thighs (7b); the lower thighs (7b) and calves (8a); and between calves (8a) and feet (8b).
The head (2) above mentioned comprises a vertical cavity (2a) located on its lower portion, which in turn comprises at least one orifice (2b) located at its upper portion, as shown in
The head (2) is held assembled with the torso (3) by a coupling mechanism, which is a double kneecap mechanism (91′), which is located inside the cavities (2a and 3d) of the head (2) and of the neck (3c), as seen in
A variant of the kneecap (91) above mentioned, further comprises a cylindrical section (91d) which is located between the spherical protuberance (91b) and its spherical cavity (91c); in order that said kneecap (91), by having its protrusions (91b and 91c) farther apart, may have a greater degree of movement.
The manner of assembly of the double kneecap mechanism (91′) mentioned above, is just as the order of the components of
The double kneecap mechanism (91′) mentioned above, allows that the head (2) of the articulated mannequin can be moved in any direction, remaining fixed in the assigned position; it further enables said head (2) to be manually mounted and dismounted from the torso (3), without using any tool.
Another variant of the double kneecap mechanism (91′) mentioned above, is that it may be comprised by more than two kneecaps (90); in order that the head (2) can be placed in a larger number of positions.
Another variant of the double kneecap mechanism (91′) above mentioned, is that it can be replaced by a conventional kneecap (96), of the kind that have at least one base (96a) and a stem (96b), similar to the one shown in
A variant of the double kneecap mechanism (91′) and of the conventional kneecap (96), comprise a tube (95) located at the upper end of the rod (94) or the stem (96b), as appropriate, in order that said pipe (95) serves as an extension for assembling the head (2) with the torso (3).
A variant of the head (2), comprises a cylindrical cavity (2c) concentrically located over the orifice (2b) that is located in the upper part of its cavity (2a), as shown in
A variant of the cylindrical cavity (2c) of the head (2), comprises at least one strangulation section (2d), as seen in
The torso (3) above mentioned, also comprises two horizontal cavities (3e), which are located on the lateral sides of its upper portion, whose lower ends end on a flat surface (3f); as well as the hip (4) comprises two horizontal cavities (4a), located on the lateral sides of its inferior portion, whose lower ends end in a flat surface (4b), as seen in
A variant of the torso (3) above mentioned, is that it is divided into two members: an upper torso (3a) and a lower torso (3b) which are held assembled together by means of a coupling mechanism located in its joining point (10a), as seen in
The hemispherical connecting pieces (1) above mentioned, are formed by at least a closed half sphere portion (62) and a preferably closed semicylindrical or semiconical portion (63), both joined by a transition portion (64), so that the flat surfaces (65 and 66) of both portions (62 and 63) are arranged at least perpendicular to each other, as seen in
In the biceps (5a) illustrated in
In
The members containing a closed half sphere portion (62), have the advantage that when moving from a position, will always maintain at least the shape of a portion of a sphere, thus achieving that said members maintain a softened form in any position in which they are positioned, avoiding that clothes that the articulated mannequin is wearing, do not tear or break.
The flat surfaces (65) of the members, which are located at the joining points (10, 12, 15, 17, 81 and 82) positioned: between the flat surfaces (3f) of the horizontal cavities (3e) of the torso (3) and of the upper hemispherical connecting piece (1), between the biceps (5a) and elbows (5b); between the forearms (6a) and hands (6b); between the flat surfaces (4b) of the horizontal cavities (4a) of the hip (4) and the lower hemispherical connecting piece (1), between the upper thighs (7a) and lower thighs (7b); and between the calves (8a) and feet (8b); are at least, circular flat surfaces (65), as seen in
The flat surfaces (66) of the members, which are located at the joining points (10a, 11, 13, 14, 16 and 18) positioned: between the upper torso (3a) and the lower torso (3b), between the upper hemispherical connecting pieces (1) and biceps (5a); between elbows (5b) and forearms (6a); between the torso (3) and hip (4) between the lower hemispherical connecting piece (1) and upper thighs (7a); and between the lower thighs and (7b) and calves (8a); are at least, partially circular flat surfaces (66), as seen in
The purpose that both the circular flat surface (65), and the partly circular flat surface (66) above mentioned, be flat, is to achieve that the various members of the articulated mannequin, can be accurately assembled together; and also so that said flat surfaces (65 and 66) be aligned with the flat surfaces (20a and 30a) of the assembly mechanisms that are inserted.
The articulated mannequin of the present invention maintains the members assembled together by at least one type of assembly mechanism mentioned below: magnetic joining mechanisms (37), magnetic joining and locking (39), Joining and adjustable locking mechanism having a fixed screw (40), joining and adjustable locking mechanisms having a movable screw (45), Joining and double adjustable locking mechanism (53), adjustable joining and torsion mechanism (50), joining and simple free movement (not shown), joining and free movement for working with radial loads (not shown), joining and free movement for working with axial loads (not shown), joining and free movement for working with radial and axial loads (not shown), and joining and automated movements (55) and composite discs, wherein said assembly mechanism is characterized by being inserted between the material of the articulated mannequin of the present invention, thus avoiding that they move, loosen and/or detach from the member to which they are attached.
To avoid saturating the images that accompany the present invention there are not illustrated the threads of the screws, nuts, washers, rods, shafts and threaded holes mentioned in the following description.
The smooth discs (20) above mentioned are inserted in the members of the articulated mannequin of the present invention, because its flange (20b) is submerged in the material of said members, besides its flat surface (20a) is exposed and aligned with the flat surface (65 or 66) of the member in which they are attached, similarly as the locking disks (26 and 27) that are inserted in a Hemispherical connecting pieces (1) of
The magnetic joining mechanism (37) above referred, can be assembled around a divider sheet (37a), as seen in
An antiskid film (not shown) may be placed on the flat surface (20a) of the smooth discs (20) above referred, on the opposite side where its flange is projected (20b), in order to prevent that the smooth discs (20) of the magnetic joining mechanism (37), slip between them, so as also to prevent them to slip on the divider sheet (37a) above referred, thus avoiding its scratching.
One of the many applications of the magnetic joining device (37), is that it is able to maintain the body of the articulated mannequin assembled with an interposed divider sheet (37a), wherein the magnetic joining mechanism (37) can be inserted in almost any member of the articulated mannequin of the present invention; for example the hip (4) may be positioned on one side of the divider plate (37a) and the torso (3) on the opposite side, both members assembled together by at least one magnetic joining mechanism (37); thereby achieving that the body of the articulated mannequin, look like it is crossing the divider sheet (37a) or like it is floating.
Another of the many applications of the magnetic joining mechanism (37), is that it is able to maintain itself attached to the same member with a divider sheet (37a) being interposed, i.e. a single member that has been divided in two or more sections since its manufacture, will have one or more magnetic joining mechanisms (37) inserted into the surfaces resulting from said division, for example, if the forearm (6a) was divided in two sections since its manufacture and have a magnetic joining mechanism (37) inserted the areas resulting from said division, it can be achieved that one portion of the forearm part (6a) is situated on one side of the divider plate (37a) and the other part of the forearm (6a) is situated on the opposite side, where the forearm sections (6a) are held together by said magnetic joining mechanism (37), thereby achieving that the forearm (6a) look like it is crossing the divider sheet (37a) or like I is floating.
A variant of the smooth disks (20) further comprise a central orifice (20c) having the geometric shape of a circle, in order that a preferably cylindrical object pass through said central hole (20c), for example a screw, a rod or a shaft.
The fixed screw (41) of the attachment mechanism and magnetic joining and locking mechanism (39) above, is able to operate properly with or without a thread, because its main function is to maintain the disks having spherical protuberances (26) aligned and concentric with the disk having spherical cavities (27) above referred without the need to be screwed in any nut or thread.
A variation of the magnetic joining mechanism (37) and of the magnetic joining and locking mechanism (39) above referred, comprises only a magnet (38); where at least the disk (20, 26 or 27) that does not containing the magnet (38), should be made of a metal having magnetic attraction characteristics, in order that these assembly mechanisms, contain a smaller number of components.
The fixed screw (41) above referred is firmly attached to the disk having spherical protuberances (26), in order to achieve that both components, behave as a single piece and rotate together with the member in which they are located.
The square housing (44) above referred is firmly attached to the disk having spherical cavities (27), in order to achieve that both components together with the expansion spring (42) and the square nut (43), behave as a single piece, and rotate together with the member in which they are located.
The manner of assembly of the joining and adjustable locking mechanism having a fixed screw (40) above referred, is in accordance with the order of the components of
The joining points of the articulated mannequin in which the joining and adjustable locking mechanism having a fixed screw (40) can be installed, are difficult to access, i.e., the joining points which due to its form and arrangement do not allow to assemble or adjust the locking force of said locking mechanism (40), using a tool (not shown) from the outside of the cover of the articulated mannequin, as it can be seen from the joining and adjustable locking mechanism having a fixed screw (40) of
One of the functions of the square cover (44) above referred, is to hold inside it, the expansion spring (42) and the square nut (43) above referred; furthermore, when the member of the articulated mannequin where the “Section B” is inserted is being manufactured, said square cover (44) will protect the components (42, 43) that are inside, preventing them from mixing with the material of said member.
Another function of the square cover (44) above referred, is to prevent that the square nut (43) rotate together with the fixed screw (41) as well as allow that said fixed screw (41) be able to move the square nut (43) on the inside of the square cover (44), thereby allowing that the square nut (43) be able to compresses or decompress the expansion spring (42), respectively increasing or decreasing the locking force of the Joining and adjustable locking mechanism having a fixed screw (40).
The orifice (44a) of the closed side of the square cover (44) above referred is optional, and when not present, said fixed screw (41) has to have a smaller length, so that, it only reaches the inner wall of the central portion of said square cover (44).
The square nut (43) and/or the square cover (44) above referred, can have a shape different from that of a square and a circle, so that the new cover prevents the new nut to rotate inside, as well as to allow the new nut to slide therein; with the purpose of having a larger number of alternatives and combinations of nuts and covers.
The manner of assembly of the joining and adjustable locking mechanisms having a movable screw (45) above referred, is in accordance with the order of the components of
To assemble and adjust the joining and adjustable locking mechanisms having a movable screw (45) above referred, firstly if has to be made a perforation on the cover of the member containing the head of the movable screw (46), wherein said cover may have a perforating guide (61), in order to allow to easily locate the location of the head of the movable screw (46), as seen in
The joining points of the articulated mannequin of the present invention in which the joining and adjustable locking mechanisms having a movable screw (45) can be installed, are accessible, i.e. those joining points which by its form and arrangement allow to assemble and adjust the locking force of said mechanism (45), by means of a tool (not shown) from the outside of the cover of the articulated mannequin as shown in the joining and adjustable locking mechanisms having a movable screw. (45) of
The primary purpose of the tube (48) of the joining and adjustable locking mechanisms having a movable screw (45) above referred, is to maintain the head of the movable screw (46) as close as possible to the outer surface of the member in which it is located, in such way that said movable screw (46) can be easily located and handled by using a tool (not shown) from the outside of said cover member; furthermore the tube (48) also help to keep the movable screw (46) aligned with the perforating guide (61) of the member where it is located.
One of the functions of the conventional washer (47) of the joining and adjustable locking mechanisms having a movable screw (45) above referred, is to prevent the head of the movable screw (46) to enter into the tube (48), and also to serve as a cover, so that the movable screw (46) in conjunction with the screw cover (49), be able to completely encapsulate the movable screw head (46), thereby preventing the head of the movable screw head (46) to be covered with the material of the member where it is located, while the member is being manufactured.
The square nut (43) of the joining and adjustable locking mechanism having a movable screw (45) above referred, can be replaced by a nut having a nylon insert (57), as seen in
The joining and adjustable locking mechanism having a movable screw (45) above referred, may lack the tube (48) and the conventional washer (47); so that the screw cover (49) can be directly attached to the flat surface (20a) of the disk having spherical protuberances (26); thus, the head of the movable screw head (46) is encapsulated in the cavity (49b) of said screw cover (49), in order to achieve that the joining and adjustable locking mechanism having a movable screw. (45), can be comprised by a smaller number of components.
The thread (not shown) of the threaded rod (54) above referred is of a single type of thread, either a right thread or a left thread; wherein an embodiment of said threaded rod (54) contains the two aforementioned types of thread, i.e. contains the right thread at one end and the left hand thread at the other end, so that when the two “Sections B” above referred are rotated to the same side, they simultaneously increase or decrease the blocking force as appropriate.
The joining points of the articulated mannequin in which the joining and double adjustable locking mechanism (53) can be installed, are found on the same member and have a collinear rotation axis of rotation, whereby said mechanism (53) may be installed on the joining points (15) located at the inferior portion of the hip (4), as seen in
The main function of the joining and locking mechanisms mentioned above (39, 40, 45 and 53), is to ensure that the members of the articulated manikin containing them, are locked in an assigned position, thereby achieving that the articulated mannequin may adopt or maintain any human posture.
One of the many advantages of the joining and locking mechanisms mentioned above (39, 40, 45 and 53), is that they allow that the position of the members of the articulated mannequin containing them, can be manually moved, without using any tool; for which it is enough to manually rotate them, thus achieving that said members are moved from a locking position to another; where these members will be locked in the desired position due to the force which will be exerting the expansion spring (42) or magnets (38) above referred, as appropriate.
One of the many advantages of being able to adjust the locking force of the joining and adjustable locking mechanisms (40, 45 and 53) above mentioned, is that it will ensure that the members of the articulated mannequin remain locked in a desired position, especially in the following cases: when members are holding objects such as a ball, a racket, a bag, a jacket, etc. and also to ensure that these members can be placed in any position without moving from that position over time, either by some vibration, by the position assigned to them or under their own weight.
The order in which the disks having spherical protuberances (26) and spherical cavities (27) in the joining and locking mechanisms (39, 40, 45 and 53) above referred have been described, can be reversed, i.e. the disk having spherical protuberances (26) may take the place of the respective disk having spherical cavities (27) and vice versa, because the order of said disks (26 and 27), do not affect at all the operation of the joining and locking mechanisms (39, 40, 45 and 53) mentioned above.
A variant of the joining and locking mechanisms (39, 40, 45 and 53) above mentioned, is that both its disk having spherical protrusions (26), and its disk having spherical cavities (27), can be replaced by a disk having radial slots (29), as illustrated in
The shape, length and appearance of the concave radial slots (29a) and convex (29b) above mentioned and illustrated in the disk having radial slots (29) of
The spherical protuberances (26a), the spherical cavities (27a) and the concave radial slots (29a) and convex (29b) above referred, are elements that cause the locking of the joining and locking mechanisms (39, 40, 45 and 53) mentioned above.
A variant of the locking elements (26a, 27a, 29a and 29b) above mentioned, is that they can be replaced by other locking elements having a different shape (not shown) so that the new locking elements, allow their respective disks to concentrically rotate one above the other, additionally they also ensure that their respective disks are blocked in different positions in order that the locking mechanisms have more choices of locking discs.
A variant of the disk having a compartment (22) above referred, is that the cylindrical compartment (22a), besides having a central hole (22b) located on its surface, also has an adjacent hole (22c) near said central orifice (22b), in order that through said adjacent orifice (22c) be able to pass one end of the torsion spring (23) above referred.
The disks having an adjacent orifice (21) and compartment (22) above referred, may have more than one adjacent orifice (21a and 22c) around its central hole (20c or 22b) in order that the torsion spring (23) mentioned above can be located in different positions, thus achieving the capability to adjust the torque of the adjustable joining and torsion mechanism (50) above referred.
The screw cover (49) of the adjustable joining and torsion mechanism (50) above referred, has the same purpose and operates in the same way that the screw cover (49) of the joining and adjustable locking mechanisms having a movable screw. (45) above referred, with the difference that instead of being attached to a conventional washer (47), it is joined to the flat surface of the cylindrical compartment (22a) of the disc compartment (22) above mentioned.
The manner of assembly of the adjustable joining and torsion mechanism (50) above referred, is in accordance with the order of the components of
To assemble the adjustable joining and torsion mechanism (50) above mentioned, it is used the same assembly technique as the one of the joining and adjustable locking mechanisms having a movable screw (45) above referred.
One advantage of the adjustable joining and torsion mechanism (50) above, is that when a manual force is applied over the members that contain it or when such members interact with a moving object (not shown), said members will rotate about the rotating axis of said mechanism (50), and when the force that caused them to rotate ceases, those members automatically recede to its original position assigned by the torsion force of the torsion spring (23).
One of the many applications of the adjustable joining and torsion mechanism (50), is that it can do the functions of a shock absorber or a suspension mechanism (not shown) in each member of the articulated mannequin that contains it.
The disk having a compartment (22) of the adjustable joining and torsion mechanism (50) above referred, can take the place of its disk having an adjacent orifice (21) and vice versa; so its conventional nut (52) will be located on the flat surface of the cylindrical compartment (22a) of its disc having a compartment (22); furthermore, the head of its mobile screw (46) and of its screw cover (49), will now be concentrically located on the flat surface (20a) of the disk having an adjacent orifice (21), of the side where its tab is projected (20b); wherein the cover screw (49) is joined to the disk having an adjacent orifice (21), thus achieving that the head of the movable screw (46) be trapped in the cavity (49b) of said screw cover (49), in order that the adjustable joining and torsion mechanism (50) may have a different arrangement of components.
The conventional nut (52) above referred, can be replaced by a thread (not illustrated) located in the central orifice (20c or 22b) of the disk to which it belongs; in order to reduce the amount of components of the assembly mechanisms that contain it.
The conventional nut (52) above referred, can also be replaced by a nut having a nylon insert, (57), as the one seen in
The cylindrical compartment of the disk having a compartment (22) above referred, can not be part of the same piece of said disc having a compartment (22), and it can be an additional component concentrically attached over its flat surface (20a) around its central orifice (20d) in order that said disk having a compartment (22) can be manufactured using another process.
The joining and simple free movement mechanism (not shown) mentioned above, is similar and is assembled similarly to the Adjustable joining and torsion mechanism (50) above referred and illustrated in
The main function of the joining and simple free movement mechanism is to allow that the members of the articulated mannequin of the present invention containing it, can move freely with the fewest possible components.
The joining and simple free movement mechanism for working with radial loads (not shown) mentioned above, is similar and is assembled similarly to the adjustable joining and torsion mechanism (50) above referred and illustrated in
The main function of the joining and simple free movement mechanism for working with radial loads is to allow that the members of the current articulated mannequin containing it, can move freely and efficiently with radial loads.
The joining and simple free movement mechanism for working with axial loads (not shown) mentioned above, is similar and is assembled similarly to the Adjustable joining and torsion mechanism (50) above referred and illustrated in
The main function of the joining and simple free movement mechanism for working with axial loads is to allow the members of the articulated mannequin containing it to move freely and efficiently with axial loads.
The joining and simple free movement mechanism for working with radial and axial loads (not shown) mentioned above, is similar and is assembled similarly to the joining and simple free movement mechanism for working with axial loads above mentioned, with the difference that one of the slotted discs (25) is replaced with a slotted disc having a compartment (22d), as illustrated in
The main function of the joining and simple free movement mechanism for working with radial and axial loads is to allow the members of the articulated mannequin of the present invention containing it to move freely and efficiently with radial and axial loads.
The small bullets above referred (25b), can be replaced with an axial load bearing (25c), as illustrated in
One of the many applications of the joining and simple free movement mechanisms mentioned above is that the members containing them may rotate freely about the axis of rotation of said mechanisms, thereby allowing that said members can interact with an object (not shown) that is in motion, thereby achieving that these members can move together with said object without exerting any resistance, where the object may be: an automatic door or the pedals of a bicycle, to name a few.
Both the adjustable joining and torsion mechanisms (50), and the joining and simple free movement mechanisms mentioned above, shall be installed in the same joining points (10a, 11, 13, 16 and 18) that the joining and adjustable locking mechanisms having a movable screw (45) above referred, by the fact of having a movable screw (46) to be assembled, in order to manipulate the movable screw (46) from outside the cover of the members of the articulated mannequin of the present invention.
For cases in which the adjustable joining and torsion mechanism (50) and the joining and simple free movement mechanisms above referred are required to be installed at the other joining points (10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 81 and 82) of the articulated mannequin, it will be necessary to replace its mobile screw (46) with a perforated screw (51a) or slotted (51b), as illustrated in
To assemble the adjustable joining and torsion mechanism (50) and the adjustable joining and torsion mechanism having a perforated screw (51a) or slot (5b) above referred, it will have to be inserted the lock (51c) above referred through the perforation (51a′) of the perforated screw (51a), or it will be necessary to insert secure said lock (51c) around the groove (51b′) of the slotted screw (51b), as appropriate.
Another method for installing the joining and simple free movement mechanisms above referred in the joining points that are difficult to access for an external tool (not shown), where said joining points (10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 81 and 82) are the same as those of the joining and adjustable locking mechanism having a fixed screw (40) above, is that the movable screw (46) comprise a fixed screw (41), so that the head of said fixed screw (41) is firmly bonded to the surface of its respective disk, in addition that in such case the screw cover (49) is not required.
To assemble the joining and simple free movement mechanisms having a fixed screw (41) above, it is used the same assembly technique of the joining and adjustable locking mechanism having a fixed screw (40) above referred.
Based on the foregoing, it will be apparent that the assembly mechanism of the present invention can assemble: similar members, as is the case of the two hemispherical connecting pieces (1) illustrated in
A variant of the circular flat surface (65) and of the partially circular flat surface (66) of the members mentioned above, comprises in that said flat surfaces (65 and 66) rather than being entirely flat, they have the shape that is viewed from the outside of the assembly mechanisms mentioned above, when they are inserted in the members, such as the biceps (5a) illustrated in
The disks mentioned above, such as: the smooth disk (20), the disk having an adjacent orifice (21), the disc having a compartment (22), the slotted disc (25), the slotted disc having a compartment (22d), the disc having spherical protrusions (26), the disc having spherical cavities (27) and the disc having radial grooves (29) are part of a group called “simple disks”.
The mechanisms of the composite disks aforementioned, are comprised by at least: an insertion base (30), as seen in
The coupling discs (31′) of the aforementioned composite disks are similar to the simple discs and to their variants mentioned above, with the difference that they do not have any flange (20b), and that they have multiple conical orifices (32) equidistant to each other, located around its central orifice (20c and 20d) in its flat surface (20a), as shown in
Both the shaft (35a) of the motor (35), and the threaded rod (54), the fixed screws (41), the perforated screws (51a) and the slotted screws (51b) above mentioned, have a variant, which comprises that at least a section of its cylindrical surface is not completely cylindrical, in order that they can be conjugated with disks whose central orifices, do not have the geometric form of a circle.
The insertion base (30) of the mechanisms of composite disks aforementioned, is comprised by at least: a flat surface (30a) comprised by a peripheral flange (30b) projected with a certain angle to one of its sides, in addition to which, said flat surface (30a) further comprises a conical or cylindrical cavity (30d), which is concentrically located to the side where its flange (30b) is projected, wherein said conical or cylindrical cavity (30d) has on its flat surface a central orifice (30c) of equal or larger diameter than the central orifice (20c, 20d or 36a) of the coupling disks (31′) above mentioned, besides said conical or cylindrical cavity (30d) also comprises in its flat surface, threaded holes (30e) aligned with the conical holes (32) of said coupling disc (31′) which are intended to receive the screws having a conical head above referred, as shown in
The purpose that the insertion base (30) above referred, contains a conical or cylindrical cavity (30d), is to allow the coupling discs (31′) mentioned above to be housed inside it, in such way that at most, the exterior flat surface (20a) of said coupling disks (31′), aligns with the flat surface (30a) of said insertion base (30), thereby achieving that also said exterior flat surface (20a) of the coupling disks (31′), be exposed, and at most that it aligns with the flat surface (65 or 66) of the member in which it is located.
The central orifice (30c) of the insertion base (30) above referred, is intended to allow diverse objects and/or devices to be inserted through it, into the members of the articulated mannequin, such as: the compartment (22a) of the coupling disk having (33), motors (35), pistons, sensors, fans, and/or any other mechanical, electrical, electronic, pneumatic and/or hydraulic device (not shown) in conjunction with its cables and/or hoses (35d and 35e) as appropriate, as shown in
The flange (20b, 30b) of the simple discs and of the insertion base (30) above mentioned, provides the assembly mechanisms of the present invention, with a platform that is firmly inserted between the material of the members of the articulated mannequin of the present invention, preventing these mechanisms from moving from its assigned place, loosen and/or detach with the passage of time and/or by the normal use of the member in which they are located.
The insertion base (30) above referred may comprise a slotted insertion base (not shown) which is comprised by a peripheral circular slot (25a) which contains therein several small bullets (25b) in its interior or an axial load bearing (25c) above referred, similarly to the slotted disk (25) above referred and illustrated in
Another variant of the insertion base (30) before mentioned, comprise a flat insertion base is flat insert (not shown) which lacks the conical or cylindrical cavity (30d), so that the area of its flat surface (30a) is higher, additionally, the central orifice (30c) and threaded orifices (30e) are located on said flat surface (30a), similarly as the central orifice (20c) and the adjacent orifice (21a) of the disk having an adjacent orifice (21) above referred and illustrated in
A variant of the flat insertion base above mentioned, comprise a flat and slotted insertion base (not shown) which in addition of having the central orifice (30c) and the threaded holes (30e) on its flat surface (30a) above, also comprises a peripheral circular slot (25a) which contains several small bullets (25b) or an axial load bearing (25c) above mentioned, in order to achieve that the composite disks mechanisms be able to efficiently work with axial loads, with an insertion base that is less complex than the aforementioned slotted insertion bases.
Coupling discs (31, 33, 34 or 36) above referred, are just some examples of the coupling discs (31′) that can be assembled with the insertion bases above referred. In order to avoid saturating the current invention, there will only be mentioned some examples of the elements which may be contained by the other coupling disks (not shown), wherein said elements can be: spherical protuberances (26a), spherical cavities (27a), a peripheral circular slot (25a) and/or several concave radial slots (29a) and convex (29b) as above mentioned.
A variant of the simple disks and of the coupling discs (31′) above referred, comprise at least one partially circular slot (35c) which is concentric with its central orifice (20c, 20d or 36a) and passes through it, such as the one seen in the smooth coupling disks (34) and with central guide orifice (36) illustrated in
The partially circular grooves (35c) above mentioned have an opening angle of at least 95°, by which it can be achieved that the members that have an inserted mechanism having a movable screw (46) above referred, can be rotated up to 180° without the wires and/or hoses (35d and 35e) above referred causing any interference with their rotary movements.
A variant of the mechanisms having a threaded rod (54), a fixed screw (41), a perforated screw (51a) or a slotted screw (51b) above mentioned, is that the threaded rod (54), its fixed screw (41), its perforated screw (51a) or its slotted screw (51b), be substituted by at least one hollow rod or by a hollow screw (not shown) as appropriate, wherein said hollow element, is also cylindrical and concentric with the cylindrical surface of said hollow rod or hollow screw, in order that said members that have said mechanisms inserted, allow the pass of thin objects such as cables and/or hoses (35d and 35e) before mentioned, through said hollow rod or hollow screw, without interfering with their rotary movement.
Thanks to the partly circular slots (35c), to the hollow rod and to the hollow bolt, before mentioned, it is ensured that all members of the articulated mannequin current can have at least: a motor (35), a piston sensor, fan and/or any other mechanical, electrical, electronic, pneumatic and/or hydraulic device (not shown).
In
The manner of assembly of the “Sections E and F” of the joining and automated movement mechanism (55) above referred, is in accordance with the order of the components of
Before assembling the “Sections E” with the “Section F” of the joining and automated movement mechanism (55) above referred, when it is required that a cable and/or hose (35d and/or 35e) pass from one member to another through the aforementioned assembly mechanisms, it is preferable that they firstly pass through the hollow rod or through the hollow screw above referred, or through the partially circular slot (35c) of each coupling disc (31′) above referred, as appropriate, and as shown in
To assemble the “Sections E” with the “Section F” of the joining and automated movement mechanism (55) above referred, it is necessary to firstly insert the shaft (35a) of the motor (35) in the “Section F”, by matching the flat surface (35b) above referred of said axle (35a), with the flat face of the letter “D” of the central orifice (36a) of the coupling disk having a central guide orifice (36) above referred, so that finally the axle (35a) is screwed into the nut having a nylon insert (57) above referred, considering that the axle (35a) comprises a thread in at least a part of its cylindrical section.
The purpose that the shaft (35a) of the motor (35) and the central orifice (36a) of the Coupling disk have a central guide orifice (36), have a shape other than a circle, is to avoid that said shaft (35a) does not rotate within the central orifice (36a) of said disk, i.e. that it can rotate together with said disk.
The nut having a nylon insert (57) above referred, ensures that the “Sections E and F” of the joining and automated movement mechanism (55) above referred, do not loose or tighten while the axle (35a) of the motor (35) is rotating, because the nylon of said nut (57) maintain a constant pressure around the axle (35a) of the motor (35), preventing that the nut having a nylon insert (57) from turning and loosening.
In cases where the assembly mechanisms of the articulated mannequin have a nut that is not fixed, such as in the case of joining and automated movement mechanism (55) above referred, said assembly mechanism should be installed in the same joining points (10a, 11, 13, 16 and 18) as the ones of the joining and adjustable locking mechanisms having a movable screw (45) above referred, so that it is possible to manipulate said nut from the outside of the cover of the members of the articulated mannequin of the present invention.
A variant of the axle (35a) of the motor (35) above referred, comprise a perforated or slotted shaft (not shown), which has a perforation transversally located with respect to its cylindrical surface, or a circular slot (not shown) around its cylindrical surface of having a thread on its cylindrical surface, as appropriate, instead of having a thread on its cylindrical surface, similarly as the perforated screw (51a) and the slotted screw (51b) respectively shown in
A variation of the geometrical shape of the conical holes (32) and the head of the screws having a conical head (56), comprise a shape that is different from that of a cone, in order that they can be used different types of screws.
In other embodiment of the “Section F” of the joining and automated movement mechanism (55) above, the insertion (30), of the coupling disk having a central guide orifice (36) and the screws having a conical head (56) are replaced by a disk having a central guide orifice (not shown) in order to achieve that the “Section F” have a smaller number of components; wherein said disk having a central guide orifice is similar to the smooth disk (20) of the magnetic joining mechanism (37) above mentioned, with the difference that its central orifice (36a) is similar to the coupling disk having a central guide orifice (36), as seen in
In other embodiments of the joining and automated movement mechanism (55) above referred, its two insertion bases (30) are replaced by two slotted insertion bases, by two flat and slotted insertion bases, or a combination of both, so that said joining and automated movement mechanism (55) can operate more efficiently and with little friction as possible, avoiding overheating; because both the slotted insertion base, and the flat and slotted insertion base are designed to withstand axial loads, because they can contain multiple small pellets (25b) or an axial load bearing (25c) within its peripheral circular slot (25a).
Both simple disks, and coupling disks (31′), can have attached to its flat surface (20a), of the side that remains inside the member in which are located, at least one device: mechanical, electrical, electronic, pneumatic and/or hydraulic similar to the motor (35) illustrated in
One of the many applications of the joining and automated movement mechanism (55) above referred, comprises that it allows that the members containing it, can perform automated movements, thereby achieving that the articulated mannequin can perform moves such as salutation, turn the head (2) and/or kick a ball, to name a few.
An example of the way in which the composite disks above mentioned may replace the simple disks above mentioned, comprises the adjustable joining and torsion mechanism (50) above referred and illustrated in
The shape and appearance of the insertion bases, of the coupling disks, of the simple disks and of the other components of the assembly mechanisms of the articulated mannequin are only mentioned and illustrated only by way of example and should not be considered as limiting for the present invention.
In other embodiments of the above assembly mechanisms, the various components and variants of assembly mechanisms can be combined with other assembly mechanisms, in order to obtain different assembly mechanisms, for example: if the two smooth disks (20) of the magnetic joining mechanism (37) above referred and illustrated in
The hollow members (72) have a material distribution similar as the one observed in
The flange (20b, 30b) which has been previously shown in the simple disks and in the insertion bases mentioned above, is the diagonal tab (70) illustrated in
Other embodiments of the diagonal tab (70) above referred, comprise a flange type “Z” (71) illustrated in
In other embodiments of the flanges (20b, 30b) above referred, said flanges (20b, 30b) may have folds (26b) and/or cuts (26c) located on its surface, like the ones observed in the disks having spherical protuberances (26) of
The shape and appearance of the folds (26b) and of the cuts (26c) of the flanges (20b, 30b) above mentioned, should not be considered as a limitation for the present invention, because they are only mentioned and illustrated by way of example, so that its shape and appearance may vary, while complying with the objective of preventing the simple disks and insertion bases above mentioned, to rotate inside the members in which they are inserted.
In another embodiment, the simple disks above mentioned, may lack its flange (20b), similarly to the disk having spherical protuberances (26d) shown in
The shape and appearance of the attaching means, such as the diagonal flange (70) and type “Z” (71), as well as the ironwork having a flange (26e) above mentioned should not be considered as limiting for the current invention, because they are only mentioned and illustrated by way of example, so that its shape and appearance may vary, while complying with the objective of being inserted between the material of the members (72 and 73) of the articulated mannequin of the present invention, thus avoiding that the simple disks and insertion bases mentioned above, be detached from such members.
In other embodiments of the hands (6b) and feet (8b) above mentioned, their circular flat surface (65) above, is replaced by a partially spherical protuberance (83) with a conical cavity (84), as shown in
In other embodiments of the forearms (6a) and calves (8a) above referred, their flat circular surface (65) above referred further comprises a partially spherical cavity (85); wherein the circular hole (85a) above mentioned, is located at the bottom of said partially spherical cavity (85), so that the diameter of said circular orifice (85a) is smaller, in order to provide said forearms (6a) and calves (8a) with other alternatives, in order that the forearms (6a) hands (6b) and calves (8a) with feet (8b), can have a natural look at any position in which they are positioned.
The compression kneecap mechanism (80) above referred and illustrated in
Another embodiment of the flange (20b, 26f and 30b) of the simple disks, of the ironwork having a flange (26e) and of the insertion bases above mentioned, further comprises a perforation (89) located on its surface in order to allow the insertion of one of the two hooks of the compression spring (88) above referred through said perforation (89).
The manner of assembling the compression kneecap mechanism (80) above, is in accordance with the order of the components of
Another embodiment of the location of the perforation (89) of the flanges (20b, 26f, 30b) above referred, comprises that in the embodiments in which the forearms (6a) and/or calves (8a) are hollow (72), said perforation (89) may be located on the surface of said members (6a and 8a), in order to allow that said compression spring (88), can be engaged in a location different from the location of said flanges (20b, 26f and 30b).
Another embodiment of the form to assemble the compression kneecap mechanism (80) above referred, comprises that at least one of the hooks of the compression spring (88) above referred, has the form of a ring (not shown), wherein the eyebolt (87) which is closed, will be replaced by an open eyebolt (not illustrated), and/or the perforation (89) of the flanges (20b, 26f, 30b) above referred, will be replaced by a hook (not illustrated) which is inserted inside the forearm (6a) and/or calf (8a) as appropriate, in order that said compression kneecap mechanism (80) can be differently assembled.
In other embodiment, the threaded washer (86) above referred, is replaced by a conventional washer (47), as seen in
The shape and appearance of both the partially spherical cavity (85) and its circular orifice (85a), and the partially spherical protuberance (83) and its conical cavity (84) mentioned above are only mentioned and illustrated by way of example and should not be considered as limiting to the present invention, where for example, the geometric shape of said conical cavity (84), may be cylindrical, oval, square, etc. instead of being conical.
When the hands (6b) of the articulated mannequin are made of a flexible material, such as the material of the hand (6b) shown in
In the cases where the hands (6b) are flexible and hollow (72), after the flexible wire (75) has been inserted inside said hands (6b), the interior of said flexible and hollow (72) hands (6b) will be filled with a flexible material (not illustrated), for example cotton or polyurethane, in order that said flexible wires (74) are not left loose in the interior of said hollow and flexible (72) hands (6b) and; in addition that any member of the articulated mannequin can be hollow (72), they can also be filled with a material that is at least flexible.
An embodiment of the articulated mannequin comprises that it lacks the lower section (9b), which is formed by: a hip (4), two lower hemispherical connecting pieces (1), two upper thighs (7a), two lower thighs (7b), two calves (8a) and two feet (8b), so that the articulated mannequin only has the top section (9a), which consists of: a head (2), a torso (3), two hemispherical connecting pieces (1) above referred, two biceps (5a), two elbows (5b), two forearms (6a) and two hands (6b), where the members of the upper section (9a) are assembled together, by means of the assembly mechanisms above mentioned, so it can be used to dress shirts, jackets, hats and/or ties, to name some examples; wherein said upper section (9a) and lower section 9b) may be observed in
Each arm (5) of the articulated mannequin is made by at least: a hemispherical connecting piece (1) above referred, a biceps (5a), an elbow (5b), one arm (6a) and a hand (6b); where said arms (5) have the following variants: the biceps (5a), elbow (5b), forearm (6a) and hand (6b) constitute a single member, the biceps (5a), elbow (5b) and forearm (6a) constitute a single member, the elbow (5b), forearm (6a) and hand (6b) constitute only one member, the biceps (5a) and elbow (5b) constitute a single member, and/or the forearm (6a) and hand (6b) constitute a single member, wherein said members are assembled together by means of assembly mechanisms above mentioned, in order that the articulated mannequin can have different types of articulated arms (5).
In other embodiments, the articulated mannequin, lacks its upper section (9a) above referred, so that the articulated mannequin only has the lower section members (9b) above referred, which are assembled to each other, by means of the mechanisms above mentioned, so it can be used to wear pants, shorts, socks and/or tennis, to name a few.
Each leg (7) of the articulated mannequin of the present invention is comprised of: an inferior hemispherical connecting piece (1), an upper thigh (7a), a lower thigh (7b), a calf (8a) and a foot (8b), wherein the legs (7) have the following variants: the upper thigh (7a), the lower thigh (7b), calf (8a) and foot (8b) constitute only one member, the upper thigh (7a), the lower thigh (7b) and calf (8a) constitute a single member, the lower thigh (7b), calf (8a) and foot (8b) constitute only one member, the upper thigh (7a) and lower thigh (7b) constitute a single member, and/or the calf (8a) and foot (8b) constitute a single member, wherein said members are assembled together by means of the assembly mechanisms above mentioned, in order that the articulated mannequin can have different types of articulated legs (5).
In another embodiment, the articulated mannequin lacks its lower thighs (7b), calves (8a) and foot (8b), so that the articulated mannequin can be placed on a flat surface at least with the circular flat surface (65) of one of its upper thighs (7a), as shown in
In other embodiment of the articulated mannequin of the present invention, its lower section (9b) above referred, constitute a single member, which is kept attached to the upper section (9a) by means of the assembly mechanism above referred, so that the lower section (9b) of said articulated mannequin is static, and its upper section (9a) is articulated.
In other embodiment, the articulated mannequin of the present invention is formed by at least two of the aforementioned members, which are maintained assembled together by means of the assembly mechanisms above referred, so that the articulated mannequin can be formed by only some of its members, as required.
A feature of the aforementioned members that constitute a single member, is that its shape resembles, at least, the anatomical shape of the correspondent members of the human body, where such members that constitute a single member, do no have intermediate joints.
The quantity, location and appearance of the members, joining points and assembly mechanisms of the articulated mannequin of the present invention, may vary, because they are only mentioned and illustrated by way of example and therefore should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
It should be mentioned that in order to exemplify the embodiments of the present invention, it was used the anatomical shape of the human body, whereby said anatomic shape may be of any other entity (not shown), such of an animal body, of a strange being or of an object, where said bodies may be covered by at least one flexible cover (not shown), in order to soften and/or conceal the edges of each member, as well as to hide the aforementioned joining points; thereby providing said bodies with an even more realistic appearance.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/MX2010/000072 | 7/30/2010 | WO | 00 | 4/8/2013 |
