The present disclosure generally relates to apparatus and techniques for treatment of spinal disorders, and, in particular, relates to an artificial intervertebral prosthesis which restores both the height and shape of the intervertebral disc space following the removal of a damaged or diseased intervertebral disc while maintaining the natural biomechanics of the spinal motion segment.
The objective in intervertebral disc replacement is to provide a prosthetic disc that combines both stability to support the high loads of the patient's vertebrae and flexibility to provide the patient with sufficient mobility and proper spinal column load distribution. In attempting to strike this balance, generally, four basic types of artificial intervertebral discs for replacing a part or all of a removed disc have been developed, namely, elastomer discs, ball and socket discs, mechanical spring discs and hybrid discs. Elastomer discs typically include an elastomer cushion which is sandwiched between lower and upper rigid endplates. The elastomer discs are advantageous in that the elastomer cushion functions similar in mechanical behavior to the removed intervertebral disc tissue. However, a disadvantage of this disc type is that the elastomer cushion experiences long term in-vivo problems stemming from microcracking, which detracts from its usefulness as a replacement option. Furthermore, attachment of the flexible elastomer cushion to rigid endplates presents additional difficulties. Examples of elastomer discs are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,702,450 to Bisserie; U.S. Pat. No. 5,035,716 to Downey; U.S. Pat. No. 4,874,389 to Downey; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,863,477 to Monson.
Ball and socket discs typically incorporate two plate members having cooperating inner ball and socket portions which permit articulating motion of the members during movement of the spine. The ball and socket arrangement is adept in restoring “motion” of the spine, but, is poor in replicating the natural stiffness of the intervertebral disc. Dislocation and wear are other concerns with this disc type. Examples of ball and socket discs are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,507,816 to Bulllivant and U.S. Pat. No. 5,258,031 to Salib et al.
Mechanical spring discs usually incorporate one or more coiled springs disposed between metal endplates. The coiled springs preferably define a cumulative spring constant sufficient to maintain the spaced arrangement of the adjacent vertebrae and to allow normal movement of the vertebrae during flexion and extension of the spring in any direction. Disadvantages of the mechanical spring disc types involve attachment of the coiled springs to the metal end plates and associated wear at the attachment points. Examples of mechanical spring discs are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,458,642 to Beer et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,309,777 to Patil.
The fourth type of artificial intervertebral disc, namely, the hybrid type incorporates two or more principles of any of the aforedescribed disc types. For example, one known hybrid disc arrangement includes a ball and socket set surrounded by an elastomer ring. This hybrid disc provides several advantages with respect to load carrying ability, but, is generally complex requiring a number of individual components. Furthermore, long term in vivo difficulties with the elastomer cushion remain a concern as well as wear of the ball and socket arrangement.
Another type of intervertebral disc prosthesis is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,320,644 to Baumgartner. With reference to
However, the load paths are inherently abrupt with highly localized transfer of load through the sparsely placed fixation zones 9. There are even instances where the entire load is carried through a single fixation zone 9 in the center of the disc. The abrupt load paths can lead to high stress regions, which can detract from the appropriate biomechanical performance, i.e., strength, flexibility, and range-of-motion, of the prosthesis.
The need therefore exists for a prosthetic disc which is easy to manufacture and provides the proper balance of flexibility and stability through improved load distribution.
Accordingly, the present disclosure is directed to an intervertebral disc prosthesis for insertion within the intervertebral space between adjacent vertebrae to replace at least a portion of an intervertebral disc removed therefrom. The intervertebral prosthesis includes a disc member having a longitudinal axis extending the height of the disc member and a radial axis transverse to the longitudinal axis. The disc member includes an external wall having at least one slit therein. The at least one slit has a first component of direction and a second different component of direction and facilities transfer of load along the exterior wall.
Preferably, the exterior wall includes a plurality of helical slits, adjacent slits being disposed in radial relation with respect to the longitudinal axis whereby load transfer occurs along the exterior wall. The slits give the exterior wall flexibility consistent with the natural intervertebral disc.
The disc member may further include an inner cavity. Preferably, the slit(s) extends from an outer wall surface of the exterior wall to an inner wall surface thereof in communication with the inner cavity. First and second longitudinally opposed support surfaces are disposed at the longitudinal ends of the disc. The support surfaces are dimensioned to supportingly engage vertebral portions of respective vertebrae. At least one of the first and second support surfaces has an opening extending therethrough in communication with the inner cavity.
An end cap may be releasably mounted to the support surfaces and at least partially positionable within the opening in the support surface. The end cap may include an inner opening dimensioned to reduce rigidity thereof.
Preferred embodiment(s) of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the drawings wherein:
Referring now to the drawings, in which like reference numerals identify similar or identical elements throughout the several views, and referring in particular to
Intervertebral prosthesis 100 includes two basic components, namely, disc or body member 102 and first and second end caps 104, 106 which are releasably mounted to the body member 102. Body member 102 is in the general shape of an intervertebral disc (e.g., kidney-shaped) as shown and defines longitudinal axis “a” extending along the height of the member 102 and radial axis “b” generally transverse to the longitudinal axis “a”. An angular reference is defined by “c” as shown. (
Body member 102 further includes a centrally located cannulation 116 in general alignment with the longitudinal axis “a” and extending through support members 108, 110. (
With continued reference to
The slits 122 as shown extend to subtend an angle of about 180° around the exterior wall 112 relative to the longitudinal axis “a” although they can extend less than or greater than 180°. A single generally helical slit may be used, however, the preferred embodiment provides a plurality of generally helical slits 122. The helical slits 122 are disposed in a radial relation with respect to the radial axis “b” and angle “c”. The remaining load path 128 of the device wall 112 has a spring-like characteristic, similar to a compressive or coiled spring. The plurality of load paths 128 create a flexible disc wall 112 and allow the transfer of loads between upper support surface 108 and lower support surface 110, in a continuous manner without abrupt load paths.
Although helical slits are shown, it is also contemplated that other multi-directional slits, i.e. having a lateral and longitudinal component of direction can be utilized. This can include slits that are smooth, piecewise smooth, open-looped, etc.
With further reference to
The components of intervertebral prosthesis 100 are fabricated from a suitable rigid material including stainless steel, titanium or a suitable polymeric material. Preferably, the body member 102 is monolithically formed as a single unit although it is envisioned that in an alternate embodiment the body member 102 is composed of separate components, each of which would have the structural features, e.g. helical slit and inner cavity, discussed above. For example, three components can be utilized which when placed in juxtaposition in the intervertebral space form the kidney shape of
Insertion of the Artificial Intervertebral Disc
With reference to
As indicated hereinabove, the artificial intervertebral prosthesis 100 is characterized by having sufficient rigidity to maintain the adjacent vertebrae in spaced relation while possessing adequate flexibility to permit flexural movement of the vertebral column. The loads applied to the intervertebral prosthesis 100 are transmitted between the upper and lower support surfaces 108, 110 through the exterior wall 112 along generally continuous paths via the helical slit 122 arrangement and the resulting plurality of load paths 128.
Alternate Embodiment(s)
Fusion Cage with Helical Slit(s)
The present disclosure also includes a unique fusion cage illustrated in
The fusion cage 500 of the present disclosure is preferably composed of a titanium alloy. However, the cage includes a slit configuration to reduce stiffness. That is, the helical slits 522 provide the cage with additional flexibility so they flex under load, resulting in greater load sharing with the graft. As can be appreciated, fusion cage 500 has the identical helical slit configuration as the prosthetic disc of
Cage 500 includes an internal cavity 502 to receive bone graft material “g” (see
Also, since fusion cage 500 does not fill the entire disc space, shapes other than the kidney shape of
It will be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiment disclosed herein. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting but merely as an exemplification of a preferred embodiment. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
The present application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/921,876 filed Aug. 3, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,656,224, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/098,606 filed Jun. 17, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,296,664.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20040176842 A1 | Sep 2004 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 09921876 | Aug 2001 | US |
Child | 10672327 | US | |
Parent | 09098606 | Jun 1998 | US |
Child | 09921876 | US |